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EDTA


EDTA = Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid = Edetic acid

EC / List no.: 200-449-4
CAS no.: 60-00-4
Mol. formula: C10H16N2O8


Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula [CH2N(CH2CO2H)2]2. 
This white, water-soluble solid is widely used to bind to iron and calcium ions. 
It binds these ions as a hexadentate ("six-toothed") chelating agent. 
EDTA is produced as several salts, notably disodium EDTA, sodium calcium edetate, and tetrasodium EDTA.

Uses
In industry, EDTA is mainly used to sequester metal ions in aqueous solution. 
In the textile industry, it prevents metal ion impurities from modifying colours of dyed products. 
In the pulp and paper industry, EDTA inhibits the ability of metal ions, especially Mn2+, from catalysing the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide, which is used in chlorine-free bleaching. 
In a similar manner, EDTA is added to some food as a preservative or stabiliser to prevent catalytic oxidative decolouration, which is catalysed by metal ions.
In soft drinks containing ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate, EDTA mitigates formation of benzene (a carcinogen).

The reduction of water hardness in laundry applications and the dissolution of scale in boilers both rely on EDTA and related complexants to bind Ca2+, Mg2+, as well as other metal ions. 
Once bound to EDTA, these metal complexes are less likely to form precipitates or to interfere with the action of the soaps and detergents. 
For similar reasons, cleaning solutions often contain EDTA. 
In a similar manner EDTA is used in the cement industry for the determination of free lime and free magnesia in cement and clinkers.

The solubilisation of Fe3+ ions at or below near neutral pH can be accomplished using EDTA. 
This property is useful in agriculture including hydroponics. 
However, given the pH dependence of ligand formation, EDTA is not helpful for improving iron solubility in above neutral soils.
Otherwise, at near-neutral pH and above, iron(III) forms insoluble salts, which are less bioavailable to susceptible plant species. 
Aqueous [Fe(EDTA)]− is used for removing ("scrubbing") hydrogen sulfide from gas streams. 
This conversion is achieved by oxidising the hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur, which is non-volatile:

2 [Fe(EDTA)]− + H2S → 2 [Fe(EDTA)]2− + S + 2 H+
In this application, the iron(III) centre is reduced to its iron(II) derivative, which can then be reoxidised by air. 
In similar manner, nitrogen oxides are removed from gas streams using [Fe(EDTA)]2−. 
The oxidising properties of [Fe(EDTA)]− are also exploited in photography, where it is used to solubilise silver particles.

EDTA was used in separation of the lanthanide metals by ion-exchange chromatography. 
Perfected by F. H. Spedding et al. in 1954, the method relies on the steady increase in stability constant of the lanthanide EDTA complexes with atomic number. 
Using sulfonated polystyrene beads and Cu2+ as a retaining ion, EDTA causes the lanthanides to migrate down the column of resin while separating into bands of pure lanthanides. 
The lanthanides elute in order of decreasing atomic number. 
Due to the expense of this method, relative to countercurrent solvent extraction, ion exchange is now used only to obtain the highest purities of lanthanides (typically greater than 99.99%).


Medicine
Sodium calcium edetate, an EDTA derivative, is used to bind metal ions in the practice of chelation therapy, such as for treating mercury and lead poisoning.
It is used in a similar manner to remove excess iron from the body. 
This therapy is used to treat the complication of repeated blood transfusions, as would be applied to treat thalassaemia.

Dentists and endodontists use EDTA solutions to remove inorganic debris (smear layer) and lubricate the root canals in endodontics. 
This procedure helps prepare root canals for obturation. 
Furthermore, EDTA solutions with the addition of a surfactant loosen up calcifications inside a root canal and allow instrumentation (canal shaping) and facilitate apical advancement of a file in a tight or calcified root canal towards the apex.

It serves as a preservative (usually to enhance the action of another preservative such as benzalkonium chloride or thiomersal) in ocular preparations and eyedrops.

In evaluating kidney function, the chromium(III) complex [Cr(EDTA)]− (as radioactive chromium-51 (51Cr)) is administered intravenously and its filtration into the urine is monitored. 
This method is useful for evaluating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in nuclear medicine.

EDTA is used extensively in the analysis of blood. 
It is an anticoagulant for blood samples for CBC/FBCs, where the EDTA chelates the calcium present in the blood specimen, arresting the coagulation process and preserving blood cell morphology.
Tubes containing EDTA are marked with lavender or pink tops.
EDTA is also in tan top tubes for lead testing and can be used in royal blue top tubes for trace metal testing.

EDTA is a slime dispersant, and has been found to be highly effective in reducing bacterial growth during implantation of intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Alternative medicine
Some alternative practitioners believe EDTA acts as an antioxidant, preventing free radicals from injuring blood vessel walls, therefore reducing atherosclerosis.
These ideas are unsupported by scientific studies, and seem to contradict some currently accepted principles.
The U.S. FDA has not approved it for the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Cosmetics
In shampoos, cleaners, and other personal care products, EDTA salts are used as a sequestering agent to improve their stability in air.

Laboratory applications
In the laboratory, EDTA is widely used for scavenging metal ions: In biochemistry and molecular biology, ion depletion is commonly used to deactivate metal-dependent enzymes, either as an assay for their reactivity or to suppress damage to DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides.
EDTA also acts as a selective inhibitor against dNTP hydrolyzing enzymes (Taq polymerase, dUTPase, MutT), liver arginase and horseradish peroxidase independently of metal ion chelation. 
These findings urge the rethinking of the utilisation of EDTA as a biochemically inactive metal ion scavenger in enzymatic experiments. 
In analytical chemistry, EDTA is used in complexometric titrations and analysis of water hardness or as a masking agent to sequester metal ions that would interfere with the analyses.

EDTA finds many specialised uses in the biomedical labs, such as in veterinary ophthalmology as an anticollagenase to prevent the worsening of corneal ulcers in animals. 
In tissue culture EDTA is used as a chelating agent that binds to calcium and prevents joining of cadherins between cells, preventing clumping of cells grown in liquid suspension, or detaching adherent cells for passaging. 
In histopathology, EDTA can be used as a decalcifying agent making it possible to cut sections using a microtome once the tissue sample is demineralised. 
EDTA is also known to inhibit a range of metallopeptidases, the method of inhibition occurs via the chelation of the metal ion required for catalytic activity.
EDTA can also be used to test for bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments. 
However, it may influence the bioavailability of metals in solution, which may pose concerns regarding its effects in the environment, especially given its widespread uses and applications.

EDTA is also used to remove crud (corroded metals) from fuel rods in nuclear reactors


Synthesis
The compound was first described in 1935 by Ferdinand Münz, who prepared the compound from ethylenediamine and chloroacetic acid.
Today, EDTA is mainly synthesised from ethylenediamine (1,2-diaminoethane), formaldehyde, and sodium cyanide.
This route yields the tetrasodium EDTA, which is converted in a subsequent step into the acid forms:

H2NCH2CH2NH2 + 4 CH2O + 4 NaCN + 4 H2O → (NaO2CCH2)2NCH2CH2N(CH2CO2Na)2 + 4 NH3
(NaO2CCH2)2NCH2CH2N(CH2CO2Na)2 + 4 HCl → (HO2CCH2)2NCH2CH2N(CH2CO2H)2 + 4 NaCl
This process is used to produce about 80,000 tonnes of EDTA each year. Impurities cogenerated by this route include glycine and nitrilotriacetic acid; they arise from reactions of the ammonia coproduct.

Nomenclature
To describe EDTA and its various protonated forms, chemists distinguish between EDTA4−, the conjugate base that is the ligand, and H4EDTA, the precursor to that ligand. 
At very low pH (very acidic conditions) the fully protonated H6EDTA2+ form predominates, whereas at very high pH or very basic condition, the fully deprotonated EDTA4− form is prevalent. 
In this article, the term EDTA is used to mean H4−xEDTAx−, whereas in its complexes EDTA4− stands for the tetraanion ligand.

Coordination chemistry principles

In coordination chemistry, EDTA4− is a member of the aminopolycarboxylic acid family of ligands. 
EDTA4− usually binds to a metal cation through its two amines and four carboxylates. 
Many of the resulting coordination compounds adopt octahedral geometry. 
Although of little consequence for its applications, these octahedral complexes are chiral. 
The cobalt(III) anion [Co(EDTA)]− has been resolved into enantiomers.
Many complexes of EDTA4− adopt more complex structures due to either the formation of an additional bond to water, i.e. seven-coordinate complexes, or the displacement of one carboxylate arm by water. 
The iron(III) complex of EDTA is seven-coordinate.
Early work on the development of EDTA was undertaken by Gerold Schwarzenbach in the 1940s.
EDTA forms especially strong complexes with Mn(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Pb(II) and Co(III).

Several features of EDTA's complexes are relevant to its applications. First, because of its high denticity, this ligand has a high affinity for metal cations:

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + H4EDTA ⇌ [Fe(EDTA)]− + 6 H2O + 4 H+  Keq = 1025.1
Written in this way, the equilibrium quotient shows that metal ions compete with protons for binding to EDTA. 
Because metal ions are extensively enveloped by EDTA, their catalytic properties are often suppressed. 
Finally, since complexes of EDTA4− are anionic, they tend to be highly soluble in water. 
For this reason, EDTA is able to dissolve deposits of metal oxides and carbonates.

The pKa values of free EDTA are 0, 1.5 (deprotonation of the two amino groups), 2, 2.66, 6.16 and 10.24 (deprotonation of the four carboxyl groups) .


Abiotic degradation
EDTA is in such widespread use that questions have been raised whether it is a persistent organic pollutant. 
While EDTA serves many positive functions in different industrial, pharmaceutical and other avenues, the longevity of EDTA can pose serious issues in the environment. 
The degradation of EDTA is slow. 
It mainly occurs abiotically in the presence of sunlight.

The most important process for the elimination of EDTA from surface waters is direct photolysis at wavelengths below 400 nm.
Depending on the light conditions, the photolysis half-lives of iron(III) EDTA in surface waters can range as low as 11.3 minutes up to more than 100 hours.
Degradation of FeEDTA, but not EDTA itself, produces iron complexes of the triacetate (ED3A), diacetate (EDDA), and monoacetate (EDMA) – 92% of EDDA and EDMA biodegrades in 20 hours while ED3A displays significantly higher resistance. 
Many environmentally-abundant EDTA species (such as Mg2+ and Ca2+) are more persistent.

Biodegradation
In many industrial wastewater treatment plants, EDTA elimination can be achieved at about 80% using microorganisms.
Resulting byproducts are ED3A and iminodiacetic acid (IDA) – suggesting that both the backbone and acetyl groups were attacked. 
Some microorganisms have even been discovered to form nitrates out of EDTA, but they function optimally at moderately alkaline conditions of pH 9.0–9.5.

Several bacterial strains isolated from sewage treatment plants efficiently degrade EDTA. 
Specific strains include Agrobacterium radiobacter ATCC 55002[37] and the sub-branches of Proteobacteria like BNC1, BNC2, and strain DSM 9103.
The three strains share similar properties of aerobic respiration and are classified as gram-negative bacteria. 
Unlike photolysis, the chelated species is not exclusive to iron(III) in order to be degraded. 
Rather, each strain uniquely consumes varying metal–EDTA complexes through several enzymatic pathways. 
Agrobacterium radiobacter only degrades Fe(III) EDTA while BNC1 and DSM 9103 are not capable of degrading iron(III) EDTA and are more suited for calcium, barium, magnesium and manganese(II) complexes.
EDTA complexes require dissociation before degradation.

Description    
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) is a common polydentate ligand. In EDTA, the hydrogen atoms are easily removed in solution to produce anionic EDTA4-. In its anionic form Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) has six binding atoms, two nitrogen and four oxygen.
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) binds to a metal ion at the six binding sites, wrapping itself around the metal ion, forming a very stable complex.the strong grasp of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) on the metal ion is analogous to a crab or lobster clamping down on an object with its claw, hence the name chelation. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) is such an effective chelating agent because it can deactivate a metal at up to six sites.


History    
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) was first synthesized in the early 1930s by the German chemist Ferdinand Münz working for I. G. Farben. 
Münz, who was looking for a substitute for citric acid to use with dye solutions in the textile industry, was the first to patent a process for Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) synthesis in Germany in 1935. 
Münz subsequently applied for United States patents in 1936 and 1937 (U.S. Patent Number 2130505); his method involved reacting monochloroacetic acid (C2H3ClO2) and ethylene diamine (C2H8N2). 
Concurrent with Münz’s work, Frederick C. Bersworth in the United States synthesized Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) using different methods that gave greater yields and made EDTA’s commercial production economically viable. 
Bersworth syntheses involved reacting formaldehyde, amines, and hydrogen cyanide. 
Bersworth and Münz obtained patents for Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) production in the 1940s (U.S. Patent Numbers 2407645 and 2461519).

Chemical Properties    
Edetic acid occurs as a white crystalline powder.
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is a solid.
white crystals or powder

Uses    
EDTA, also known as editic acid, is a colorless crystalline substance widely used to chelate metal ions.
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) is marketed in its salt forms such as sodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) or calcium EDTA. 
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) hasindustrial and medical uses as a chelating agent. 
Much of its utility is related to the fact that metals and metal compounds are important catalysts in numerous reactions. 
By chelatingmetals, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) prevents the metal from catalyzing reactions, thereby limiting degradation, oxidation,and other undesirable reactions.
The major industries using Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) and other chelatingagents are paper and pulp, cleaning products, chemicals, agriculture, and water treatment.
The paper and pulp industry is the major user of EDTA, where it is used to stabilize bleachesby sequestering metals that catalyze the degradation of bleaches. 
EDTA’s ability to stabilizebleaches also makes them useful in laundry detergents and various other cleaning products.
In addition to improving bleaching effi ciency, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) use in detergents and cleansers alsosoftens hard water by tying up divalent metal ions responsible for water hardness, primarilyCa2+ and Mg2+. 
Its softening ability helps Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) reduce scale formation and improves foamingproperties in cleaning formulations. 
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) is applied in general water treatment to softenwater, helping to prevent scale and corrosion. 
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) has low toxicity and is used in the foodand beverage industry. 
Foods naturally contain small traces of metals and small quantities areadded during food processing. 
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) is used with foods to preserve color and preserve flavor,prevent odors, maintain nutrient content, and extend shelf life. 
When used in beverages,Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) preserves color and stabilizes other ingredients such as citric acid and benzoates. 
In thechemical industry, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) is used to control metal catalytic processes during reactions. EDTAsalts are used in agriculture to provide metal micronutrients in fertilizers.

EDTA is helps boost a formulation’s preservative system and is also a chelating agent.

Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) is a sequestrant and chelating agent that functions in water but not in fats and oils. 
It is used to control the reaction of trace metals with some organic and inorganic components to prevent deterioration of color, texture, and development of precipitates, as well as to prevent oxidation which results in rancidity. 
The reactive sites of the metal ions are blocked, which prevents their normal reactions. 
The most common interfering metal ions in food products are iron and copper. 
It can be used in combination with the antioxidants bht and propyl gallate. 
It is used in margarine, mayonnaise, and spreads to prevent the vegetable oil from going rancid. 
It is used in canned corn prior to retorting to prevent discoloration caused by trace quantities of copper, iron, and chromium. 
It also inhibits copper-catalyzed oxidation of ascorbic acid. 
It occurs as disodium calcium and disodium dihydrogen . 
Its use is approved in specified foods, with an average usage level being in the range of 100–300 ppm.

antispasmodic

Ethylenediamine-N,N,N’N’tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) is a powerful chelating agent; EDTA forms stable complexes with most metal ions. EDTA is used in treatment of lead and heavy metal poisoning of farm a nimals


Production Methods    
Edetic acid may be prepared by the condensation of ethylenediamine with sodium monochloroacetate in the presence of sodium carbonate. 
An aqueous solution of the reactants is heated to about 90°C for 10 hours, then cooled, and hydrochloric acid is added to precipitate the edetic acid.
Edetic acid may also be prepared by the reaction of ethylenediamine with hydrogen cyanide and formaldehyde with subsequent hydrolysis of the tetranitrile, or under alkaline conditions with continuous extraction of ammonia.


General Description    
Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid is a colorless crystalline solid. 
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is slightly soluble in water. 
The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. 
Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. 
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is used in chemical analysis, to make detergents and cleaning compounds, and for many other uses.


Agricultural Uses    
EDTA is short for ethylenediamhetetraacetic acid, an amino polycarboxylic acid. 
It is a tetraprotic acid and is represented as H4Y with four carboxyl groups and two nitrogen atoms acting as ligand sites. 
Thus the compound is a hexadentate ligand. 
Ligands include ions such as Cl-, NO2-and CN- or neutral molecules like NH3 and H2O, which possess a lone pair of electrons that can be shared with a metal cation in coordinate covalent bonds.
The water solubility of EDTA is very low and, therefore, its di-sodium salt Na2H2Y.2H2O is commonly used in titrations. 
The Y4- forms very stable, one-to-one complexes with practically every metal ion in the Periodic Table. 
The reactions are carried out in a neutral or alkaline medium as the complex decomposes in acidic medium.
(and hence deterioration) of the food product, (d) to increase the storage life of whole blood by removing free calcium ions (Ca2+) to inhibit clotting, and (e) for extracting trace elements, especially copper. EDTA metal complexes, such as NaFeEDTA, MnEDTA, ZnEDTA and CuEDTA are used as fertilizers and foliar sprays.

Pharmaceutical Applications    
Edetic acid and edetate salts are used in pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and foods as chelating agents. 
They form stable water-soluble complexes (chelates) with alkaline earth and heavy metal ions. 
The chelated form has few of the properties of the free ion, and for this reason chelating agents are often described as ‘removing’ ions from solution; this process is also called sequestering. 
The stability of the metal–edetate complex depends on the metal ion involved and also on the pH. 
The calcium chelate is relatively weak and will preferentially chelate heavy metals, such as iron, copper, and lead, with the release of calcium ions. 
For this reason, edetate calcium disodium is used therapeutically in cases of lead poisoning.
Edetic acid and edetates are primarily used as antioxidant synergists, sequestering trace amounts of metal ions, particularly copper, iron, and manganese, that might otherwise catalyze autoxidation reactions. Edetic acid and edetates may be used alone or in combination with true antioxidants, the usual concentration employed being in the range 0.005–0.1% w/v. 
Edetates have been used to stabilize ascorbic acid; corticosteroids; epinephrine; folic acid; formaldehyde; gums and resins; hyaluronidase; hydrogen peroxide; oxytetracycline; penicillin; salicylic acid, and unsaturated fatty acids. 
Essential oils may be washed with a 2% w/v solution of edetate to remove trace metal impurities.
Edetic acid and edetates possess some antimicrobial activity but are most frequently used in combination with other antimicrobial preservatives owing to their synergistic effects. 
Many solutions used for the cleaning, storage, and wetting of contact lenses contain disodium edetate. 
Typically, edetic acid and edetates are used in concentrations of 0.01–0.1% w/v as antimicrobial preservative synergists.
Edetic acid and disodium edetate may also be used as water softeners since they will chelate the calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water; edetate calcium disodium is not effective.
Many cosmetic and toiletry products, e.g. soaps, contain edetic acid as a water softener.

Storage    
Although edetic acid is fairly stable in the solid state, edetate salts are more stable than the free acid, which decarboxylates if heated above 150°C. 
Disodium edetate dihydrate loses water of crystallization when heated to 120°C. 
Edetate calcium disodium is slightly hygroscopic and should be protected from moisture.
Aqueous solutions of edetic acid or edetate salts may be sterilized by autoclaving, and should be stored in an alkali-free container.
Edetic acid and edetates should be stored in well-closed containers in a cool, dry place.

Overview
EDTA is a prescription medicine, given by injection into the vein (intravenously) or into the muscle (intramuscularly).

Intravenous EDTA is used to treat lead poisoning and brain damage caused by lead poisoning; to see how well therapy for suspected lead poisoning is working; to treat poisonings by radioactive materials such as plutonium, thorium, uranium, and strontium; for removing copper in patients with a genetic disease called Wilson's disease; and for reducing levels of calcium in people whose levels are too high.

EDTA is also used intravenously for heart and blood vessel conditions including irregular heartbeat due to exposure to chemicals called cardiac glycosides, "hardening of the arteries" (atherosclerosis), chest pain (angina), high blood pressure, high cholesterol, stroke, and blood circulation problems

Other intravenous uses include treatment of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, an eye condition called macular degeneration, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and skin conditions including scleroderma and psoriasis.

EDTA is used in the muscle for lead poisoning and related brain damage.

EDTA is sometimes used as an ointment for skin irritations produced by metals such as chromium, nickel, and copper.

Eye drops containing EDTA are used to treat calcium deposits in the eye.

In foods, EDTA bound to iron is used to “fortify” grain-based products such as breakfast cereals and cereal bars. 
EDTA is also used to help preserve food; and to promote the color, texture, and flavor of food.

In manufacturing, EDTA is used to improve stability of some pharmaceutical products, detergents, liquid soaps, shampoos, agricultural chemical sprays, contact lens cleaners and cosmetics. 
It is also used in certain blood collection tubes used by medical laboratories.

EDTA is a molecule called a chelating agent. 
A chelating agent is a claw-like substance that can grab and stick to other molecules.

Some types of EDTA stick to calcium. Other types stick to metals, such as lead.

Why do people take EDTA?
EDTA is sometimes prescribed by doctors to clean toxic metals, such as lead, from the blood. Doctors have used the molecule for decades to treat heavy metal poisoning. 
In those cases it is given through an IV.

EDTA is also an ingredient in some prescription cancer-fighting medicines.

Supplement makers claim that over-the-counter forms of EDTA can be taken by mouth to "detox" the body and make your gastrointestinal tract healthier. 
There is no scientific evidence to support this.

Preliminary studies show that intravenous EDTA therapy under physician supervision may help patients who have had a heart attack, particularly if they have diabetes. 
However, more study is needed to prove this.

Some people take EDTA to try to treat:

Diabetes
Peripheral vascular disease
Alzheimer's disease
Heart disease
However, evidence is lacking that EDTA works for those conditions. 
Recent studies say it is not helpful and may even be dangerous.

Optimal doses of EDTA supplements have not been set. 
Supplement ingredients and quality may vary widely. 
This makes it hard to set a standard dose.

Can you get EDTA naturally from foods?
EDTA is a chemical that is added to certain foods and beverages to help them keep their color and flavor. For instance, it is sometimes added to:

Sodas
Canned fruits and vegetables
Non-nutritive sweeteners
Condiments such as mayonnaise
Salad dressings
The FDA says EDTA is considered safe for use in foods in the U.S.


A chemical that binds certain metal ions, such as calcium, magnesium, lead, and iron. 
It is used in medicine to prevent blood samples from clotting and to remove calcium and lead from the body. 
It is also used to keep bacteria from forming a biofilm (thin layer stuck to a surface). 
It is a type of chelating agent. 
Also called edetic acid and etheylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

Edetate disodium (EDTA) is a chelating (KEE-late-ing) agent. 
A chelating agent is capable of removing a heavy metal, such as lead or mercury, from the blood.

EDTA is used to lower blood levels of calcium when they have become dangerously high. 
EDTA is also used to control heart rhythm disturbances caused by a heart medication called digitalis (digoxin, Lanoxin).

EDTA may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.


Edetic Acid is the acid form of edetate, a chelating agent with anti-hypercalcemic and anticoagulant properties. 
Edetic acid binds calcium and heavy metal ions, forming soluble stable complexes which are readily excreted by the kidneys. 
This results in a decrease in serum calcium levels. 
This agent is also used as an anticoagulant for blood specimens and is applied as a treatment of lead poisoning.

Edetic acid is a Lead Chelator and Anti-coagulant. 
The mechanism of action of edetic acid is as a Lead Chelating Activity and Calcium Chelating Activity. 
The physiologic effect of edetic acid is by means of Decreased Coagulation Factor Activity.

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid is a colorless crystalline solid. 
It is slightly soluble in water. 
The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. 
Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. 
It is used in chemical analysis, to make detergents and cleaning compounds, and for many other uses.

Use and Manufacturing

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products
• Auto Products
• Commercial / Institutional
• Home Maintenance
• Inside the Home
• Personal Care
• Pet Care


• Relating to agricultural, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops
• Related to animals (but non-veterinary) e.g., animal husbandry, farming of animals/animal production, raising of animals for food or fur, animal feed, products for household pets 
• Products used on crops, or related to the growing of crops    
• Antishell
• Relatived to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease) 
• Related to food and beverage service activities    
• General bleaching agents, bleaching agents for textiles
• Related to the building or construction process for buildings or boats (includes activities such as plumbing and electrical work, bricklaying, etc)
• Modifier used for chemical, when chemical is used in a laboratory    
• Related to all forms of cleaning/washing, including cleaning products used in the home, laundry detergents, soaps, de-greasers, spot removers, etc
• Detergents with wide variety of applications
• Consumer electronic equipment of all types, including phones, computers, cameras etc. and related electronic componenets (motherboards, software, chargers)
• Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
• Furniture, or the manufacturing of furniture (can include chairs and tables, and more general furniture such as mattresses, patio furniture, etc.)
• General construction
• Manufacturing of or related to machinery, for production of cement or food, air/spacescraft machinery, electrical machinery, etc
• Drug product, or related to the manufacturing of drugs; modified by veterinary, animal, or pet
• Pharmaceutical related
• Related to childcare facilities, such as daycare centers or schools
• Related to food production (restaurants, catering, etc)
• Related to dairy cattle, the operation of dairy facilities, or manufacture of dairy products
• Related to photography, film, photographic equipment, photographic laboraties, photochemicals, and developing of photographs
• Fertilizer for consumer or industrial use, and manufacturing of fertilizers    
• Related to the activity of fishing    
• Fixatives or fixing agents    
• Includes antifoaming agents, coagulating agents, dispersion agents, emulsifiers, flotation agents, foaming agents, viscosity adjustors, etc    
• Includes food packaging, paper plates, cutlery, small appliances such as roasters, etc.; does not include facilities that manufacture food
• Related to food and beverage service activities    
• Related to forestry    
• Related to the activity of hunting    
• Laundry products (such as cleaning/washing agents), or laundry facilities    
• Heavy duty or concentrated multipurpose cleaners
• Laundry detergents and soaps    
• Stain removers or laundry pre-treatment products    
• Exterior surface (e.g. deck, house, driveway) cleaners    
• Generic lubricants, lubricants for engines, brake fluids, oils, etc (does not include personal care lubricants)    
• Agricultural chemicals used on a variety of crops    
• Alcoholic beverage for human consumption    
• Wood used as a building material, wood preservatives    
• Chemicals in cigarettes, or tobacco related products, or related to the manufacturing of tobacco products
• Car wax/polish, floor wax, general polishing agents, polish for metals, plastics, rubber, lacquers, leather, furniture, etc
• Related to electrical work (such as wiring of a building), electric current insulation materials, or other electrical components    
• Related to manufacturing for export
• Fertilizer for consumer or industrial use, and manufacturing of fertilizers    

Chelating agent in boiler and cooling water, detergents for household and textile use, industrial germicides, and metal cutting fluids; 
chemical intermediate for micronutrients for agricultural purposes; 
bleaching agent in color film processing; 
chelating agent in electroless nickel plating; 
etching agent in metal finishing and semiconductor production; 
chelating agent in wood pulping processes; 
activator in butadiene-styrene copolymerization; 
chelating agent in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and for gas scrubbing; 
component of blood anticoagulants


Industry Uses
• Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
• Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
• Intermediates
• Ion exchange agents
• Oxidizing/reducing agents
• Processing aids, not otherwise listed
• Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
• Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing)
• Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
• Stabilizer
• Surface active agents
• chelating agent
• chemical distribution


Consumer Uses
• Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
• Chemical used as a cleaning agent to remove lime scale.
• Cleaning and furnishing care products
• Laundry and dishwashing products
• Lawn and garden care products
• Lubricants and greases
• Paints and coatings
• Water treatment products


General Manufacturing Information
Industry Processing Sectors
• Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
• All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
• All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
• All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
• Miscellaneous manufacturing
• Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
• Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
• Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing
• Synthetic rubber manufacturing
• Wholesale and retail trade

IUPAC NAMES
(EDTA)
(Ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic acid, EDTA, Edathamil, Ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Diaminoethane-tetraacetic acid
2,2',2'',2'''-(1,2-Ethanediyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid
2,2',2'',2'''-(1,2-ethanediyldinitrilo)tetrakisacetic acid
2,2',2'',2'''-(Ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid
2,2',2'',2'''-(ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid
2-({2-[Bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}(carboxymethyl)amino)acetic acid
2-({2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}(carboxymethyl)amino)acetic acid
2-[2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid
2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid
disodium 2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-oxido-2-oxoethyl)amino]acetate dihydrate
Edetic Acid
Edetic acid
edetic acid
Edetic acid
edetic acid
Edetic acid(EDTA)
Edetic AcidEDTAH4EDTA
EDTA
EDTA
EDTA acid
EDTA; Edetic acid; Endrate ...
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid
Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid; (2,2',2'',2'''-(Ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid)
ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID (EDTA)
Ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid
N,N,N',N'-tetracarbossimetil-1,2-diamminoetano
Trisodium nitrilotriacetate
{[2-(Bis-carboxymethyl-amino)-ethyl]-carboxymethyl-amino} acetic
{[2-(Bis-carboxymethyl-amino)-ethyl]-carboxymethyl-amino} acetic acid
{[2-(Bis-carboxymethyl-amino)-ethyl]-carboxymethyl-amino}acetic acid
Ácido 2-({2-[bis(carboximetil)amino]etil}(carboximetil)amino)acético

SYNONYMS
([2-(Bis-carboxymethyl-amino)-ethyl]-carboxymethyl-amino)-acetic acid
(ethylenedinitrilo)tetra-aceticaci
(Ethylenedintrilo)tetraacetic acid
{[2-(Bis-carboxymethyl-amino)-ethyl]-carboxymethyl-amino}-acetic acid
2,2’,2’’,2’’’-(1,2-ethanediyldinitrilo)tetrakis-aceticaci
3,6-bis(carboxymethyl)-6-diazaoctanedioicacid
3,6-Diazaoctanedioic acid, 3,6-bis(carboxymethyl)-
Acetic acid, (ethylenedinitrilo)tetra-
Acide ethylenediaminetetracetique
acideethylenediaminetetracetique
acideethylenediaminetetracetique(french)
ai3-17181
caswellno438
Celon A
Celon ath
celona
celonath
Cheelox
Cheelox bf acid
cheeloxbfacid
Chemcolox 340
chemcolox340
clewattaa
Complexon ii
complexonii
Diaminoethanetetra-acetic acid
Edetic
edta(chelatingagent)
EDTA, free acid
EDTA, free base
Endrate
epapesticidechemicalcode039101
Ethylenediaminetetraacetate
ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid(edta)
glumacleanser
Glycine, N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis[N-(carboxymethyl)-
Hampene
Havidote
icrf185
Kalex acids
Komplexon ii
komplexonii
Kyselina ethylendiamintetraoctova
kyselinaethylendiamintetraoctova
Metaquest A
metaquesta
n,n’-1,2-ethanediylbis
n,n’-1,2-ethanediylbis(n-(carboxymethyl)-glycin
n,n’-1,2-ethanediylbis(n-(carboxymethyl)glycine)
N,N’-1,2-Ethanediylbis[N-(carboxymethyl)]glycine
n,n’-1,2-ethanediylbis[n-(carboxymethyl)-glycin
N,N’-1,2-ethanediylbis[N-(carboxymethyl)-Glycine
Nervanaid B acid
nervanaidbacid
Nullapon B acid
Nullapon bf acid
nullaponbacid
nullaponbfacid

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