PRODUCTS

EMULSION PVC

Emulsion PVC, known as Emulsion PVC or Paste PVC in Turkish, is a specialized family of polyvinyl chloride resins produced by emulsion or near-fine particle-forming polymerization methods of vinyl chloride monomer. These resins are specifically designed to form plastisol or organosol-type fluidized PVC pastes when mixed with plasticizer.
Emulsion PVC is not a single commercial product or a single resin grade. There are many emulsion PVC grades with different K-value, molecular weight, particle morphology, emulsifier level, surface area and rheological behavior. For this reason, it is not correct to give exact viscosity, K-value or particle size based only on the name "Emulsion PVC".
The basic chemical structure of Emulsion PVC is the same as that of standard polyvinyl chloride. The repeat unit of PVC is -(CH₂-CHCl)-, and the general polymer formula is denoted as (C₂H₃Cl)n. For general PVC homopolymer, CAS No 9002-86-2 is used.
The main difference that distinguishes emulsion PVC from general-purpose suspension PVC is the production method and the resulting particle morphology rather than the chemical structure. Emulsion PVC is produced to form much finer primary particles and characteristic aggregates. Thanks to this fine structure, plasticizer can prepare plasticsol with a fluid or pasty consistency.
The terms Emulsion PVC and Paste PVC are often used interchangeably in industry. In its current PVC portfolio, KEM ONE offers emulsion PVC directly in the "dispersion/paste PVC" class and states that these resins can be produced by emulsion or microsuspension.
Therefore, technically, all paste PVCs should not be considered to have been produced by the same polymerization. True emulsion PVC and microsuspension PVC may belong to the same family of uses, but the primary particle structure, rheology, emulsifier content and plastisol behavior may be different.

Emulsion PVC is mainly used in floor coverings, wall coverings, artificial leather, textile coatings, automotive sealants, underbody coatings, dipping products, toys, gloves, conveyor belts, coated fabrics and different technical PVC coating systems.
One of the key commercial advantages of emulsion PVC is its plastisol technology. It does not form a classic polymer solution that dissolves in resin plasticizer; fine PVC particles disperse in liquid plasticizer. During heating, the particles absorb the plasticizer, swell, gel, and then fuse to form the continuous plasticized PVC matrix.
The process behavior of the Emulsion PVC formulation is highly dependent on the resin quality. Different resin grades can be found that provide Newtonian type, pseudoplastic, very fluid or high yield stress plastisol. For this reason, it is not always appropriate to use the same Emulsion PVC grade in coating, dipping, screen printing, rotation molding or mastic production.
When purchasing emulsion PVC, the K-value, reduced viscosity or viscosity number, particle distribution, sieve residue, volatiles, bulk density, emulsifier level and most importantly the reference plastisol viscosity should be evaluated together.

WHAT IS EMULSION PVC?

Emulsion PVC is a family of polyvinyl chloride resins with very fine particles produced from vinyl chloride monomer. It is called Emulsion PVC in Turkish.
The expression Paste PVC is also widely used in the industry. In English technical sources, Emulsion PVC, E-PVC, Paste PVC and Dispersion PVC expressions can be seen.
However, it should be noted that these terms do not always refer to exactly the same production method. In its current technical definition, KEM ONE states that the Paste PVC family can be produced by emulsion and microsuspension methods.
Westlake Vinnolit also offers real emulsion and microsuspension resins and their mixtures as separate technical options in its paste PVC portfolio. The basic polymer of Emulsion PVC is Polyvinyl Chloride. PVC is formed by the chain polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer.
Repeat unit: -CH₂-CHCl-. General formula: It is denoted as (C₂H₃Cl)n. The CAS Number for general PVC homopolymer is 9002-86-2.
ECHA describes this substance as "Ethene, chloro-, homopolymer". Since PVC is a polymer, there is no single exact molecular weight.
A resin grade has a molecular weight distribution consisting of different chain lengths. For this reason, the technical description of Emulsion PVC uses the K-value, viscosity number or reduced viscosity rather than molecular weight.
The K-value is the technical parameter related to the average molecular size and solution viscosity of the polymer. Different grades of approximately K65–K80 and above can be seen in paste PVC grades.
For example, Westlake Vinnolite portfolio includes different paste PVC resins in approximately K67, K68, K70, K74, K75, and K80 grades.
A variety of paste resins have also been found in the KEM ONE Lacovyl family, from about K66 to K82. This wide range indicates that Emulsion PVC is not a single-feature product. Lower K-value grades can generally provide lower molecular weight and easier process behavior. Higher K-value grades can provide advantages in terms of mechanical strength, wear resistance, or thermomechanical performance. However, the K-value alone does not determine plastisol viscosity. Particle morphology and surface chemistry are crucial.

Two different K70 Emulsion PVC resins can show completely different plastisol rheology.
One of them has very low viscosity and Newtonian type behavior, while the other may show obvious false plastic properties. For this reason, the selection of Paste PVC should not be made only on the basis of K-value.
In emulsion polymerization, vinyl chloride monomer is present in water as very small droplets. Surfactants stabilize the system.
Polymerization takes place under initiator and process conditions. Very small PVC latex particles are formed.
At the end of production, the latex can be dried to obtain fine PVC powder.
In the microsuspension method, the polymerization mechanism and particle formation path are different.
However, the final product may still be very fine PVC resin that can form a paste in the plasticizer.
For this reason, "Paste PVC" is the term that refers more to the end use and particle behavior, and "Emulsion PVC" is the term that refers to the production technology.
In commercial usage, these two expressions are often used together.
When emulsion PVC powder is mixed with plasticizer, it forms plastisol.
Plastisol is fluid or paste-like system at room temperature. PVC is not yet molten.
PVC particles are dispersed in the plasticizer phase.
When the plastisol is heated, the plasticizer diffuses into the particle. The PVC particles swell. The system gels.
As the temperature rises, the particle boundaries disappear. The polymer and plasticizer form a continuous phase. This stage is defined as fusion.
After cooling, a flexible or semi-rigid PVC product is obtained.
Plastisol technology is the most important difference of Emulsion PVC.
Suspension PVC is not designed to form plastisols directly by the same method. Suspension PVC particles are larger and more porous.
It is used in extrusion, calendering, injection or dry mix processes.
Emulsion PVC, on the other hand, is suitable for coating and liquid paste processes due to its finer particle structure.

COMMON PRODUCT AND CHEMICAL NAMES

Emulsion PVC

E-PVC

EPVC

Paste PVC

PVC Paste Resin

Dispersion PVC

PVC Dispersion Resin

Fine Particle PVC

Fine Particulate PVC

Plastisol PVC

PVC Plastisol Resin

Emulsion Polyvinyl Chloride

Polyvinyl Chloride Paste Resin

Polyvinyl Chloride Homopolymer

PVC Homopolymer

Vinyl Chloride Homopolymer

Microsuspension PVC

Paste-Making PVC

(C₂H₃Cl)n

CAS 9002-86-2

Not all of these names have exactly the same meaning. Polyvinyl Chloride is the general class of chemical polymers.
Emulsion refers to the PVC production and product family.
Paste refers to PVC resin suitable for creating paste/plastisol with PVC plasticizer.
Although microsuspension PVC is prepared with different production methods, the same paste can be included in the PVC application family.
Therefore, it is not enough to write only "PVC" or "Emulsion PVC" at the time of purchase.
The grade and target application to be used should be clearly stated.

CAS NO, EC / EINECS NO AND CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

Product Name: Emulsion PVC

Turkish name: Emulsion PVC / Paste PVC

Generic polymer name: Polyvinyl Chloride

Turkish polymer name: Polyvinyl Chloride

Chemical Grade: Chlorinated Thermoplastic Vinyl Polymer

Polymer type: PVC homopolymer in general; copolymer grades may also be found in some paste systems

General CAS No: 9002-86-2

ECHA list number: 618-338-8

Overall repeat unit: (C₂H₃Cl)n

Approximate molar mass of repeat unit: 62.5 g/mol

Single molecular weight of polymer: Not defined

Physical form: White fine powder

Main processing method: Plastisol or organosol

Production methods: Emulsion and microsuspension

K-value: Grade dependent

Molecular weight distribution: Grade dependent

Bulk density: Grade dependent

Screen residue: Grade dependent

Volatile matter: Grade dependent

Emulsifier content: Depends on grade

Reference plastisol viscosity: Depends on grade and test formulation

The CAS number of emulsion PVC is the same as that of general PVC homopolymer.
CAS No 9002-86-2 does not tell whether the resin is paste grade or not.
Suspension PVC, low molecular weight PVC, different emulsion PVC grades, and other forms of PVC resin can be found under the same CAS number.
Therefore, the CAS number is not sufficient in the selection of technical grade.
K-value alone is not enough.
Particle structure and reference plastisol rheology should be checked separately.

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF EMULSION PVC

The chemical structure of Emulsion PVC is the same as standard PVC chain.
The main polymer backbone consists of carbon-carbon bonds.
Chlorine substituent is found on every second carbon. The repeat unit is: -CH₂-CHCl-.
The chlorine atom increases the polarity of the PVC chain.
Stronger dipole interactions occur between PVC chains compared to polymers consisting only of carbon and hydrogen, such as polyethylene.
Therefore, unplasticized PVC is a hard material with a relatively high glass transition temperature.
The addition of plasticizer reduces the interactions between PVC chains. The free volume increases. Chain mobility rises, Glass transition temperature may decrease, The material becomes more flexible.
In emulsion PVC technology, this plasticization is not carried out with a dry mixture at room temperature, but initially via the liquid plastisol phase.
PVC particles are dispersed into the plasticizer.
In the first stage, the plasticizer forms the continuous liquid phase around the particles.
Particle size and particle surface have a great influence on plastisol viscosity.
Higher specific surface area can result in more plasticizer-PVC interactions.
This can increase the paste viscosity in some grades.
However, due to the form of particle aggregation and surfactant residues, the simple "smaller particle = higher viscosity" relationship is not always valid.
Commercial resin design is much more complex.
Primary latex particles can be found in emulsion PVC particles.
During drying, these particles can form larger secondary structures.
When mixed with plasticizer, some of these aggregates may disperse.
This property affects the paste viscosity of the product and the viscosity increase during storage.
Different particle morphology can be seen in microsuspension PVC.
For this reason, in some formulations, the desired rheology is obtained by mixing the real emulsion grade with the microsuspension grade.
Westlake Vinnolit's current technical guide clearly shows that microsuspension and emulsion PVC resins can be used together for textile coatings.
This approach can be used to balance the rheological properties of the two resins.
The molecular weight of Emulsion PVC is related to its K-value.
A higher K-value usually means a higher degree of polymerization.

High molecular weight:

Can improve mechanical strength

Can improve tear resistance

Can improve wear resistance

It can increase the strength of molten PVC

In contrast:

Can change plastisol fusion

May require higher process temperature

Can change viscosity behavior

May complicate machinability

However, the magnitude of these effects depends on the grade design.

The main characteristics of Emulsion PVC at the molecular and morphological level are:

Structure of vinyl chloride homopolymer

Chlorine-containing polar carbon backbone

Molecular weight distribution instead of single molecular weight

Grade-dependent K-value

Very fine particle structure

High particle surface area

Ability to disperse in plasticizer

Ability to form plastisol

Gelling by heating

Continuous PVC matrix formation by fusion

Strong dependence of rheology on particle morphology

Ability to create compact or foamed structure

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF EMULSION PVC

Emulsion PVC is a fine, white PVC resin powder under normal conditions.
However, since there is no single Emulsion PVC grade, the physical parameters can vary widely.

General technical specifications:

Physical appearance: White fine powder

Chemical Structure: Polyvinyl Chloride

General CAS No: 9002-86-2

General formula: (C₂H₃Cl)n

Polymer grade: Thermoplastic vinyl polymer

Product Grade: Paste PVC / Dispersion PVC

Production technology: Emulsion or microsuspension

K-value: Depends on grade; commercial paste can range from around 60s to 80s and above in PVC portfolios

Reduced viscosity: Grade dependent

Bulk density: Grade dependent

Volatile matter: Grade-dependent; maintained at low levels in many commercial grades

Screen residue: Grade dependent

Emulsifier amount: Depends on grade

Plastisol viscosity: Depends on formulation and grade

Flow character: Newtonian type, close to Newtonian type, can be false plastic or high yield stress

Water solubility: PVC polymer is insoluble in water

Behavior in plasticizer: Disperses initially rather than dissolves

Thermoplastic state at room temperature: Solid

Gelation temperature: Depending on formulation and type of plasticizer

Fusing temperature: Depends on resin, plasticizer and process conditions

Giving emulsion PVC a single density or melting point is not the right approach from a technical point of view.

PVC is an amorphous predominantly thermoplastic polymer.
Small regions of the crystal can be found but do not show a single sharp melting point like classical pure crystal chemicals.
During the process, plastisol gels first.
Then the PVC-plasticizer system is fused.
Therefore, gelling and fusion behavior is more important than "melting point".
The difference between commercial paste PVC grades is especially visible in reference plastisol tests.
For example, Westlake Vinnolite EP 6953 G is approximately K69 emulsion homopolymer.
The manufacturer states that this grade forms plastisols with low viscosity and close to Newtonian type.
The typical bulk density of the same product is given at a maximum level of about 0.370 g/mL and the amount of volatile matter is given at a maximum level of about 0.3%.
These values are not general properties of Emulsion PVC.
They are the reference values of a certain commercial grade.
Another K69 or K70 emulsion PVC may show completely different bulk density or plastisol rheology.

HOW DOES EMULSION PVC WORK AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL?

Central to the mechanism of Emulsion PVC's use is plastisol formation, gelation, and fusion.
In the first stage, the PVC resin powder is mixed with liquid plasticizer. At this time, the polymer molecules are completely dissolved.
PVC particles are physically dispersed in the plasticizer. The viscosity of the mixture at room temperature depends on the resin particle structure.
The amount of plasticizer is also very important. More plasticizers can lower the initial viscosity in most systems.
However, as the plasticizer solvation power rises, premature swelling of the resin particles can increase viscosity.
Therefore, not only the amount of plasticizer but also its type is important.
Different systems, such as DINP, DOTP, DINCH, adipate, phosphate ester or polymeric plasticizer, can create different plastisol behavior.
Once plastisol is mixed, its viscosity may change over time.
This event is considered as cake aging.
The plasticizer can continue to penetrate the PVC particles slowly.
Particles may swell partially. Viscosity may rise.
Some grades are designed to provide very good storage stability.
Some grades show stronger plasticizer interaction for fast gelation. This process accelerates when heating starts.
The plasticizer enters the amorphous regions of the PVC particle. The particle volume grows. The amount of liquid phase decreases. The viscosity rises rapidly.
The system gains a gel-like structure. This stage is gelation. When the temperature rises further, the particle boundaries disappear. Polymer chains and plasticizer molecules form a more homogeneous structure.
This stage is fusion. Complete fusion is important for mechanical properties.

In the poorly fused film:

Low mechanical strength

Poor wear resistance

Insufficient surface smoothness

Poor adhesion

Low flexibility

Pore or surface defects

can be seen.

Excessive temperature, on the other hand, can lead to thermal degradation of PVC.

During the degradation of PVC, hydrogen chloride separation may begin.

Conjugated double bonds can form in the polymer chain.

The color can vary from yellow to brown.

Therefore, it is important to use heat stabilizers in PVC paste formulations.

Adequate process window must be established between gelling and decomposition temperatures.

Emulsion PVC rheology directly affects the production process.

In Newtonian plastisols, viscosity is relatively little affected by shear rate.

This behavior can be useful in uniform coating and some screen printing processes.

In pseudoplastic plastisols, viscosity decreases as shear increases.

The product can be easy to spread during high-speed coating.

When the shear decreases, the viscosity rises again.

This can reduce runny and sagging.

Yield stress is especially required in some mastic systems.

The material needs to be pumped during application.

After application, it is desired not to flow from the surface.

Therefore, the choice of paste PVC is based on the rheology requirement of the final application.

The main functions of Emulsion PVC at the molecular and process level are:

Dispersing in plasticizer

Creating fluid PVC paste

Absorb plasticizer by heating

Showing particle swelling

Gel

Mingle

Creating continuous plasticized PVC film

Creating a compact structure

Creating a foamy structure

Helping to control coating thickness

Determining the ultimate mechanical performance

Affecting surface gloss and smoothness

IN WHICH SECTORS IS EMULSION PVC USED?

The most important uses of Emulsion PVC are in the coating and forming sectors that rely on liquid PVC paste processes.

Main areas of use:

Floor coverings

Vinyl flooring products

Wall coverings

Wallpaper overlays

Faux leather

Artificial leather

Automotive faux leathers

Furniture covering leathers

Textile coatings

Architectural coated fabrics

Tarpaulin

Tent fabrics

Conveyor belts

Coated wires

Sealants

Automotive underbody coatings

Seam sealing sealants

Metal coatings

Coil coating systems

Cover inner coatings

Bottle cap seals

Dipping products

PVC gloves

General dipping products

Toys

Balls

Rotation molding products

PVC coated fabrics

Foamed PVC sheets

Compact PVC films

Conveyor belts

Technical membranes

KEM ONE's current Emulsion PVC page shows floor and wall coverings, architectural fabrics, coated wires, sealants, artificial leather, mat and carpet bases, conveyor belts and renewable energy components among the main applications.
KEM ONE's production plant descriptions also clearly state classic paste PVC applications such as toys, gloves, automotive and construction sealants.
Westlake Vinnolit's paste PVC guide offers separate grade groups for upholstery, automotive interior trim, wall cladding, underbody cladding and textile cladding.

USE OF EMULSION PVC IN FLOOR AND WALL COVERINGS

Floor coverings are one of the biggest classic uses of Emulsion PVC.
Vinyl flooring can be produced in multi-layer structure.

Substrate

Foam layer

Glass fiber carrier

Printing layer

Compact top sheet

Wear layer

There can be different layers in the form.
Not every layer requires the same Emulsion PVC grade. High transparency and mechanical strength can be important in the top layer.
Low viscosity and high filler acceptance in the substrate may be more important. Fine and homogeneous cell structure can be targeted in the foam layer.
For this reason, manufacturers develop special paste PVC grades in different rheologies and K-values.
Westlake Vinnolite offers Newton type grades that can provide high gloss for the floor top layer in its current paste PVC guide.
Good abrasion resistance, tear strength, low water uptake and color stability stand out in these systems.
In the foam layer, controlled gas formation and fine cell structure are required. When used with emulsion PVC foamer, the timing of gelation and gas formation must be compatible.
If gas forms too early, the structure may collapse. If PVC hardens too early, sufficient expansion may not occur.
Therefore, the gelation profile of the resin is important for foam formulation.
The Westlake Vinnolite guide includes examples where a typical floor foam layer can use 100 units of PVC versus approximately 60–70 phr plasticizers and high levels of filler. These numbers are not universal prescriptions.
The pie shows the typical development ranges used in PVC technology. The use of high filler in floor underlayment is economically and technically important.
Fillers like calcium carbonate can reduce cost and change properties like density/hardness. However, filler can raise viscosity.
For this reason, Emulsion PVC grade with very low viscosity provides an advantage for high filler acceptance. There is a similar principle in wall coverings.
A decorative PVC layer can be applied with screen printing. Foam and embossing techniques can be used.
Fine particle structure is important for print smoothness and surface quality. Westlake Vinnolite highlights features such as high whiteness, low viscosity, fine particle structure and good foam performance in wall covering grades.
KEM ONE also states that Emulsion PVC provides good printing ability, strong substrate adhesion and fine particle advantage in wall coverings.

USE OF EMULSION PVC IN ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, TEXTILE COATING AND AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS

Faux leather production is another key application of Emulsion PVC.

PVC plastisol can be applied on textile carrier.

Compact or foamed sheets can be formed.

The surface can be given patterns and embossing.

Top coat can be applied.

The end product can be used in automotive, furniture, fashion and technical textiles.

In the production of artificial leather, softness and elasticity are controlled by the amount of plasticizer.

Resin K-value, on the other hand, can affect mechanical properties.

Paste rheology determines the penetration behavior of the coating into the fabric.

High viscosity can form thick layer on the surface.

Low viscosity can penetrate the fabric more.

For this reason, different PVC grades can be used for base coat and top coat.

Adhesion is very important in textile coatings.

The PVC film should not be separated from the fabric.

Adhesion promoter and suitable paste PVC can be used together.

The Westlake Vinnolite current technical guide shows that different grades of emulsion and microsuspension can be mixed in textile coatings.

In typical systems, PVC total is considered to be 100 phr.

The plasticizer level can be in the range of approximately 50–68 phr.

Heat stabilizer, pigment, filler and adhesion promoters can also be used.

This is only a technical beginner's approach.

Actual amounts vary by application.

Low fogging and low volatile emissions are important in automotive interior trim products.

Plasticizers and other low molecular weight components in the hot vehicle can evaporate and form a film on the glass.

For this reason, low fogging properties are particularly improved in automotive paste PVC grades.

In its current product guide, Westlake Vinnolit offers special paste PVC grades for automotive interior trim that provide low fogging and high thermomechanical foam stability.

However, the final fogging does not depend solely on the PVC resin.

The choice of plasticizer is very important.

Stabilizer

Frother

Adhesion promoter

Pigment

Other contributions

also affects the emission level.

Therefore, the use of "low fog Emulsion PVC" alone is not a guarantee of a low-emission final product.

USE OF EMULSION PVC IN SEALANT, SEAM SEALING AND UNDERBODY COATINGS

Automotive sealants and underbody coatings are important technical applications of Emulsion PVC.

Paste flow properties are very critical in these products.

The material must be able to pass through the pump and application gun.

However, once applied to the surface, it should not flow or sag.

False plastic and yield stress rheology are therefore advantageous.

High viscosity can be found at low shear rate.

During application, the viscosity may decrease due to high shear.

The material can be pumped easily.

After the application is completed, the viscosity rises again when the shear disappears.

The coating remains in place.

Emulsion PVC may not be used alone in these systems.

Homopolymer paste PVC and copolymer paste or extender resin mixtures can be used.

Westlake states in its Vinnolite underbody coating guide that homopolymer paste PVC can provide good storage stability, high mechanical strength and high pseudoplastic rheology.

Copolymer resins can provide faster gelation and lower furnace temperature.

Therefore, the mastic formulation is:

Process temperature

Line speed

Required mechanical strength

Adhesion

Viscosity

Storage stability

It is designed over.

High fill is also common in emulsion PVC sealant systems.

Calcium carbonate and other mineral fillers can be used.

The amount of plasticizer can also be high.

Rheology modifier may be required.

The final product can provide protection against water, stone impact, vibration, and weather on the automotive surface.

USE OF EMULSION PVC IN DIPPING, GLOVE AND ROTATION MOLDING APPLICATIONS

In dipping applications, the mold or object is inserted into PVC plastisol.

A plastisol layer of a certain thickness remains on the surface.

The mold is then heated.

PVC gels and fuses.

After cooling, the flexible PVC product can be removed from the surface.

PVC gloves are one of the well-known examples of this technology.

In immersion application, plastisol viscosity affects film thickness.

Low viscosity can provide thinner coating.

High viscosity can form thicker layer.

Pulling speed is also important.

Mold temperature can also be important.

The dipping time and the number of repeated dips affect the final thickness.

Therefore, the rheology of dipping grade Emulsion PVC is specially selected.

The presence of large agglomerates within the plastisol can result in surface defects.

Particle fineness and sieve residue are therefore important.

In rotation molding, plastisol is enclosed in a closed mold.

Heat is applied as the mold is rotated.

The liquid plastisol is spread over the inner surface of the mold.

PVC first gels and then fuses.

After cooling, the hollow flexible PVC part can be obtained.

Toys, balls, and some technical parts can be produced using this method.

Good air release is important in rotation molding.

Air bubbles remaining in plastisol can form pores on the final product surface.

Therefore, the air release behavior of the resin, viscosity and mixing method should be evaluated together.

IS EMULSION PVC USED IN FOOD, COSMETICS AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS?

Emulsion PVC is not a direct food additive.

It is not used as a cosmetic formulation raw material.

It is not a pharmaceutical active ingredient.

PVC polymer can be used in different food contact, packaging, and medical device applications.

However, just because a particular Emulsion PVC grade is CAS No 9002-86-2 does not mean that it is suitable for food or medical applications.

Numerous additional ingredients can be found in the final PVC formulation.

Plasticizer

Heat stabilizer

Pigment

Filling

Lubricant

Frother

Surfactant residues

Process aids

All of these components must comply with the target legislation.
KEM ONE mentions special grade advantages such as food approval for conveyor belts in some Emulsion PVC applications.
Such conformity is only valid for the exact commercial grade and final formulation.
Not all Emulsion should be generalized to PVC resins.
The same approach applies in medical practice.
General-purpose paste PVC should not be assumed to be medical device grade.
Extractables/leachables, residual vinyl chloride monomer, plasticizer system and biocompatibility should be evaluated separately.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF EMULSION PVC

Emulsion PVC is the main polymer resin of plastisol-based processes in the industry.

The following functions may come to the fore in Industrial Emulsion PVC applications:

Plastisol production

Creating a coating film

Floor covering production

Production of wall cladding

Production of artificial leather

Textile coating

Architectural fabric cladding

Foamed PVC sheet production

Compact PVC sheet production

Mastic production

Automotive underbody coating

Seam sealing

Dipping products

Glove production

Toy production

Rotation molding

Door gaskets

Metal plating

Coil coating

Conveyor belts

Coated wires

In the formulation of emulsion PVC, the resin is generally considered to be 100phr.
Other components are calculated based on 100 weight units PVC.

For example:

100 phr PVC

60 phr plasticizer

refers to 60 kg of plasticizer per 100 kg of PVC.
The Phr system is a common technical calculation method in the paste PVC industry.
The amount of plasticizer is one of the main factors that determine the final hardness.

Low plasticizer:

Harder product

Higher modulus

Lower elongation

Higher risk of plastisol viscosity

can create.

High plasticizer:

Softer product

Higher flexibility

Lower hardness

Higher risk of migration

can create.

However, the type of plasticizer is also important.

General purpose phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers

Adipates

Phosphate esters

Polymeric plasticizers

DINCH-type systems

It may show different solvation and migration properties.
Calcium carbonate can be widely used as a filler.

Filling can reduce the cost.

It can increase the intensity.

It can change the hardness.

However, excessive filling can increase viscosity and lower mechanical properties.
Emulsion PVC grade can be specially selected for high filler acceptance.
Heat stabilizer is essential to limit the thermal degradation of PVC.
Modern formulations may use Ca/Zn or other stabilizer systems that comply with the target legislation.

Pigments give color.

Titanium dioxide provides whiteness and opacity.

Foaming agents can form cellular structure.

Adhesion promoters can improve bonding to a textile or metal surface.

Viscosity regulators can adjust plastisol flow.

The following parameters should be evaluated in Industrial Emulsion PVC systems:

K-value

Molecular weight distribution

Number of viscosity

Reduced viscosity

Particle structure

Particle size distribution

Bulk density

Sieve residue

Volatile matter

Emulsifier content

Amount of water

Reference plastisol viscosity

Low shear viscosity

High shear viscosity

Flow curve

Yield voltage

Cake aging

Gelling temperature

Fusion behavior

Filling acceptance

Plasticizer demand

Air release

Film smoothness

Brightness

Transparency

Whiteness

Mechanical strength

Elongation

Tear strength

Abrasion resistance

Water intake

Adhesion

Fogging

Volatile emission

TDS

SDS

COA

WHAT PROBLEMS CAN EMULSION PVC HELP SOLVE?

Emulsion PVC provides a solution especially in coating and shaping processes where PVC needs to be applied as a liquid paste.

PVC needs to be coated as a liquid

Emulsion forms plastisol with PVC plasticizer, allowing PVC to be applied to the surface in liquid or paste form.

Very thin PVC coating is required

Resins with fine particles can form low-viscosity plastisol, aiding in controlled thin film preparation.

High brightness is desired

Suitable fine particle paste PVC grade can help to achieve uniform surface and high gloss.

It is necessary to use high filling

Low viscosity Emulsion PVC grades can provide workability at higher mineral filler loads.

Need a foamed PVC sheet

Special paste PVC grades can provide controlled foam structure and homogeneous cell distribution.

Plastisol must be of very low viscosity

Newtonian type or very fluid paste PVC grade can be selected.

Coating flows off the surface

More false plastic or high yield stress Emulsion PVC can be used.

Mastic has difficulty pumping

False plastic paste PVC system with reduced viscosity under shear can improve pumpability.

Large particle defects occur on the coating surface

Resin with low sieve residue, finer and good dispersion can be preferred.

Plastisol gets very dark as you wait

The cake aging stability can be selected high grade.

The film is not solid enough

Higher K-value or grade with better fusion can be evaluated.

Gelation is too slow

Fast gelling paste PVC or copolymer grade can be used.

Gelation is too fast and the process window is narrow

A resin/plasticizer combination may be required, allowing for more controlled solvation.

Foam cells are irregular

The foamer activation temperature should be rebalanced with the PVC gelling profile.

Yellowing occurs on the surface

The heat stabilizer, furnace temperature, and residence time should all be evaluated.

This problem may not be solved by replacing the resin alone.

Plastisol viscosity is too high

Plasticizer quantity

Plasticizer type

Resin grade

Filling

Cake aging

Water or electrolyte contamination should be examined together.

Not every plastisol problem can be solved by changing the Emulsion PVC grade.
The formulation and process should be considered as a whole.

THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN USING EMULSION PVC

Grade selection and plastisol rheology are the main technical issues in the use of emulsion PVC.

The following points should be considered when using emulsion PVC:

The K-value must be verified.

The actual paste PVC grade should be selected.

The type of emulsion or microsuspension should be known.

The reference plastisol viscosity should be checked.

The flow character must be evaluated.

The need for pseudoplastic or Newtonian behavior should be determined.

Particle fineness should be checked.

Sieve residue should be evaluated.

The volatile matter must be checked.

Bulk density should be measured.

The emulsifier level should be checked if necessary.

The type of plasticizer must be chosen correctly.

The amount of plasticizer should be optimized.

The amount of filler should be checked.

Cake aging should be monitored.

Air entrainment during mixing should be reduced.

The air extraction time should be applied.

The gelling temperature should be controlled.

The fusion must be verified.

Heat stabilizer should be used.

Excessive process temperature should be avoided.

PVC degradation should be prevented.

Storage stability should be checked.

Low-temperature rheology should be studied.

The final mechanical properties must be tested.

TDS should be examined.

SDS should be examined.

The COA should be checked.

Dust generation should be reduced when transporting PVC powder.

Local ventilation may be required during bag emptying or pneumatic transfer.

Plastisol process safety does not depend solely on PVC resin.

Plasticizer

Stabilizer

Solvent

Foaming

Pigment

and SDS documents of other contributions should be evaluated separately.

INITIAL FORMULATION APPROACHES FOR EMULSION PVC

The following examples are laboratory initial approaches prepared to show how Emulsion PVC can be evaluated in paste and coating systems.
These are not verified commercial prescriptions.
The actual formulation should be developed according to the requirement of resin grade, plasticizer, process equipment and final performance.

EXAMPLE 1: EMULSION PVC COMPACT COATING RHEOLOGY SCAN

Purpose: To compare the impact of Emulsion PVC on viscosity, coating uniformity, hardness, and gloss at different plasticizer levels.

Starting components:

The following amounts are weights. PVC 100 phr is accepted, all components are given separately based on the percentage share in the total formulation.

Experiment 1 (plasticizer 40 phr) — total 144 phr = 100.00%:

Emulsion PVC (paste PVC resin): 100 phr — 69.44%

DOTP plasticizer: 40 phr — 27.78%

Ca/Zn heat stabilizer (commercial product): 2 phr — 1.39%

Titanium dioxide pigment: 1 phr — 0.69%

Plastisol-compatible viscosity regulator: 1 phr — 0.70%

Total: 144 phr — 100.00%

Experiment 2 (plasticizer 50 phr) — total 154 phr = 100.00%:

Emulsion PVC (paste PVC resin): 100 phr — 64.94%

DOTP plasticizer: 50 phr — 32.47%

Ca/Zn heat stabilizer (commercial product): 2 phr — 1.30%

Titanium dioxide pigment: 1 phr — 0.65%

Plastisol-compatible viscosity regulator: 1 phr — 0.64%

Total: 154 phr — 100.00%

Experiment 3 (plasticizer 60 phr) — total 164 phr = 100.00%:

Emulsion PVC (paste PVC resin): 100 phr — 60.98%

DOTP plasticizer: 60 phr — 36.59%

Ca/Zn heat stabilizer (commercial product): 2 phr — 1.22%

Titanium dioxide pigment: 1 phr — 0.61%

Plastisol-compatible viscosity regulator: 1 phr — 0.60%

Total: 164 phr — 100.00%

The only variable is the amount of DOTP; PVC 100 phr is kept constant. The Ca/Zn stabilizer, pigment and rheology additive ratios here are experimental baseline recommendations; they should be validated according to the selected commercial grade and manufacturer recommendation. Trials are not validated commercial recipes. Percentages may differ by up to 0.01% due to rounding. Industrial references include examples containing 35–45 phr plasticizers for compact top-coat applications [1]; the wider 40–60 phr scan here is for laboratory comparison only.

Application approach:

Resin and plasticizer are mixed in a controlled manner.

Excessive air intake is avoided during mixing.

The plastisole is given air extraction time.

The initial viscosity is measured.

After 24 hours, the viscosity is measured again.

Rheology is compared at low and high shear rates.

Standard thickness film is drawn.

Gelation and fusion are applied under controlled furnace conditions.

Surface gloss is measured.

Hardness is assessed.

Tensile and elongation tests are performed.

Film surface defects are examined.

The most appropriate plasticizer/resin ratio is determined.

EXAMPLE 2: EMULSION PVC HIGH FILL FLOOR SUBSTRATE SCREENING

Purpose: To obtain processable plastisol at high calcium carbonate levels with low viscosity Emulsion PVC.

Starting components:

The following amounts are weights. PVC 100 phr is accepted, all components are given separately based on the percentage share in the total formulation.

Experiment 1 (calcium carbonate 100 phr) — total 270 phr = 100.00%:

Emulsion PVC (low viscosity paste grade): 100 phr — 37.04%

DOTP plasticizer: 65 phr — 24.07%

Calcium carbonate filling: 100 phr — 37.04%

Ca/Zn heat stabilizer (commercial product): 2 phr — 0.74%

Plastisol-compatible dispersing aid: 1 phr — 0.37%

Titanium dioxide pigment: 2 phr — 0.74%

Total: 270 phr — 100.00%

Experiment 2 (calcium carbonate 150 phr) — total 320 phr = 100.00%:

Emulsion PVC (low viscosity paste grade): 100 phr — 31.25%

DOTP plasticizer: 65 phr — 20.31%

Calcium carbonate filling: 150 phr — 46.88%

Ca/Zn heat stabilizer (commercial product): 2 phr — 0.62%

Plastisol-compatible dispersing aid: 1 phr — 0.31%

Titanium dioxide pigment: 2 phr — 0.63%

Total: 320 phr — 100.00%

Experiment 3 (calcium carbonate 200 phr) — total 370 phr = 100.00%:

Emulsion PVC (low viscosity paste grade): 100 phr — 27.03%

DOTP plasticizer: 65 phr — 17.57%

Calcium carbonate filling: 200 phr — 54.05%

Ca/Zn heat stabilizer (commercial product): 2 phr — 0.54%

Plastisol-compatible dispersing aid: 1 phr — 0.27%

Titanium dioxide pigment: 2 phr — 0.54%

Total: 370 phr — 100.00%

The amounts of PVC and DOTP are fixed on a phr basis; only the CaCO₃ charge is changed to 100, 150, and 200 phr. Therefore, the percentages of PVC and plasticizers in the total formulation vary; this is not a calculation error. High filler tolerance depends on resin and rheology [2]. Initial rates are not verified commercial recipes; film integrity, viscosity, and fusion should be tested separately.

Application approach:

The liquid phase is prepared.

Emulsion PVC is dispersed in a controlled manner.

The filler is gradually added to the system.

The mixer load is monitored.

The initial viscosity is measured.

Viscosity after 24 hours is measured.

Coating is done.

Gelation and fusion are applied.

Surface smoothness is checked.

Density is measured.

Flexibility is evaluated.

Cracking is checked.

If adhesion is required, it is tested.

The maximum applicable filler level is determined.

SIMILAR PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES WITH EMULSION PVC

In the comparison of alternative resins, the production method, plastisol viscosity, K-value, particle morphology, fusion behavior and final application should be evaluated together. The types in the following subheadings cannot be directly substituted in every formulation.

EMULSION PVC AND MICROSUSPENSION PVC

Emulsion PVC and Microsuspension PVC can be used in the same general paste PVC family.
The basic polymer chemistry of the two products is PVC.
The difference is in the production technology and particle formation mechanism.
The emulsion consists of very fine primary particles based on PVC latex.
Microsuspension PVC, on the other hand, is produced by different droplet and particle mechanisms.
This difference can affect plastisol rheology.
Microsuspension grades can provide lower viscosity or different flow behavior in some applications.
Emulsion grades can provide special pseudo-plastic rheology or rapid gelation.
In many real industrial formulations, the two types of resins can be used together.
The two can therefore be complementary types of resins, not completely competitors.

EMULSION PVC AND SUSPENSION PVC

Suspension PVC is a general purpose PVC resin grade.
It has larger and more porous particles.
It can absorb plasticizers and other additives in dry mix processes.

Extrusion

Calendering

Injection

Pipe

Profile

Cable

It is common in applications such as film.
Emulsion PVC, on the other hand, has very fine particles and is designed to prepare plastisol.
Suspension PVC cannot be used directly in plastisol formulation as a substitute for Emulsion PVC.
Some special extender resins can be added to the paste system, but these are special blending resins with a controlled particle structure.

EMULSION PVC AND EXTENDER PVC

Extender PVC is a special PVC resin with coarser particles mixed with the main paste PVC in plastisol systems.

Objective:

Reducing viscosity

Editing rheology

Reduce cost

Plasticizer can change your demand.

Extender resin alone may not always create a standard paste.
The main emulsion is used in combination with PVC or microsuspension resin.
Westlake states that vinnolite extender resins can be used in pastes containing low or medium plasticizers.
Therefore, extender PVC Emulsion is not a one-to-one alternative to PVC.
It is a formulation aid.

EMULSION PVC AND PVC COPOLYMER PASTE RESINS

An important part of Emulsion PVC is vinyl chloride homopolymer.
However, copolymer paste resins such as vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate can also be found.
The copolymer structure can alter the gelation and adhesion behavior of PVC.
Faster gelation can be achieved.
Lower oven temperature may be possible.
Adhesion can be improved.
However, the mechanical and thermal properties may differ from homopolymer.
A combination of homopolymer and copolymer can be used in automotive sealants.
One-to-one substitution should not be made.

EMULSION PVC AND THERMOPLASTIC PVC COMPOUND

Emulsion PVC is a pure resin or family of resins.
Ready-made PVC compound is a ready-to-process mixture that pre-contains stabilizer, plasticizer, pigment, filler and other additives.
Granular thermoplastic PVC compound can be used in extrusion or injection.
Emulsion PVC is made plastisol by the formulator.
Therefore, no two products should be considered in the same supply category.

QUALITY CONTROL AND PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR EMULSION PVC

When purchasing emulsion PVC, only CAS No or K-value should not be checked.
All parameters that determine the cake rheology should be evaluated together.

Recommended information to review before purchasing:

Full commercial product name

Manufacturer

Emulsion or microsuspension type

Homopolymer or copolymer structure

CAS No

K-value

Number of viscosity

Reduced viscosity

Molecular weight class

Bulk density

Volatile matter

Humidity

Emulsifier content

Sieve residue

Particle size distribution

Reference plasticizer

Reference recipe

Reference plastisol viscosity

Viscosity measurement temperature

Waiting time after mixing

Low shear viscosity

High shear viscosity

Rheology type

Cake aging stability

Plasticizer demand

Filling acceptance

Gelation speed

Fusion behavior

Whiteness

Brightness

Transparency

If low fogging is required

Water intake

Mechanical performance

Shelf life

Packaging

Batch number

Production date

Origin

TDS

SDS

COA

REACH information

Application-specific regulatory documents

The K-value is important for comparing molecular weight class.
However, two K70 resins may not yield the same paste viscosity.
Therefore, reference plastisol rheology should be critical in the procurement specification.
Westlake Vinnolite offers different Newton type and false plastic paste PVC grades for the same application in its current product guide.
This clearly shows that rheology should be selected separately regardless of its K-value.

In particular, the following parameters should be compared when changing batches:

Initial viscosity

24 hour viscosity

Cutting curve

Film appearance

Gelation

Fusion

Mechanical property

Color

This approach enhances consistency in mass production.

STORAGE AND HANDLING OF EMULSION PVC

Storage: Emulsion PVC should be stored in a dry and clean storage area.
Moisture: The bags should be protected from moisture.
Water ingress into PVC resin powder can change plastisol rheology and surface finish.
Heat: The resin should be kept away from direct and indirect heat sources.
Long storage at high temperature may adversely affect resin surface properties or bag behavior.
Sun: It should not be stored under direct sun for a long time.
Packaging: Commercial paste PVC can usually be offered in multi-layer bag or big bag systems.
Exact packaging varies by manufacturer.
Dust control: Dust spread should be limited during bag emptying.
Pneumatic conveying: The equipment should be selected in accordance with resin manufacturer recommendations, as excessive mechanical processing can alter particle/agglomerate behavior.
Contamination: Mixing of different PVC grades or other powdered raw materials must be avoided.
FIFO: The principle of first in, first out should be applied.
Shelf life: It should be checked from the TDS of the exact grade.
If clumping is seen during storage, the product should be evaluated before being put into plastisol production.
Exact product SDS document should be used for transportation safety.

EMULSION PVC SAFETY INFORMATION

Emulsion PVC is solid polymer resin powder.
It has a very low tendency to evaporate at normal room temperature.
One of the main workplace exposure routes is through fine resin dust.

Bag emptying

Silo filling

Mixer feeding

pneumatic transfer

Dust may occur in such processes.
Proper local ventilation should be used.
Inhalation of dense dust should be avoided.
Direct dust contact with the eyes should be limited.
In the safety assessment of Emulsion PVC, PVC polymer and Vinyl Chloride Monomer should be separated from each other.
PVC is not vinyl chloride monomer.
However, the residual vinyl chloride monomer level is an important control parameter in resin production quality.
Exact legislative limits should be evaluated according to the manufacturer and target application.
Extreme temperature is a significant risk during thermal processing of PVC.
Hydrogen chloride can form when PVC begins to thermal degrade.
Smoke and decomposition products can be inhalationally harmful.
Therefore, temperature control and ventilation are important in process equipment.
In case of fire or thermal degradation, exact SDS procedures should be applied.
Plastisol safety should not be evaluated with PVC resin alone.

Plasticizer

Solvent

Stabilizer

Pigment

Filling

Foaming

and the risks of other contributions should be evaluated separately.
When PVC dust is present in the air in high concentrations, it should be included in the plant risk assessment for general combustible dust management.
Exact explosive powder data should be obtained from the grade SDS used.

WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN BUYING EMULSION PVC?

When purchasing emulsion PVC, the final process should be determined first.
The expression "we need PVC for cake" alone is not enough.
Flooring grade and automotive sealant grade do not require the same rheology.

The following information should be clarified before purchasing:

Use sector

Floor covering

Wall cladding

Faux leather

Textile coating

Automotive sealant

Underbody coating

Immersion

Gloves

Toys

Rotation molding

Cover gasket

Metal plating

Target rheology

Newtonian type

Close to Newtonian type

Pseudoplastic

High yield voltage

Target K-value

Plasticizer system

Plasticizer quantity

Fill level

Foamed or compact construction

Gelation speed

Fusing temperature

Low viscosity requirement

High filler acceptance

Brightness

Opacity

Transparency

Whiteness

Low fogging

Adhesion

Mechanical property

Low water intake

Emulsion or microsuspension preference

Need for homopolymer or copolymer

Manufacturer

Origin

Packaging

Estimated order quantity

TDS

SDS

COA

REACH documents

If the existing grade is to be substituted, the existing TDS and reference plastisol recipe

The price of emulsion PVC should not be evaluated solely on the cost of resin per ton.
A grade with low viscosity can allow higher filler use.
A faster gelling grade can affect oven energy or line speed.
Better surface finish can reduce the rate of wastage.
The low fog grade may have a higher automotive value.
Therefore, the actual economic evaluation should be made over formulation and process cost.

EMULSION PVC SUPPLY FROM ATAMAN KIMYA

Emulsion PVC; It is a family of fine-particle PVC resins used in floor coverings, wall coverings, artificial leather, textile coatings, automotive sealants, underbody coatings, dipping applications, toys, gloves and different plastisol systems.
Companies that want to get information about Emulsion PVC supply from Ataman Kimya can share their final applications and target technical specifications and request information about the appropriate paste PVC grade, current supply conditions, packaging options and price offer.
The current stock status, manufacturer, origin, K-value, emulsion or microsuspension type, homopolymer/copolymer structure, rheology class, packaging and technical specifications of the product should be confirmed from Ataman Kimya before ordering.

Sharing the following information in the request for quotation facilitates the evaluation of the correct Emulsion PVC grade:

Use sector

Final Product

Coating or dipping method

Foamed or compact construction

K-value requirement

Reference plastisol viscosity

Rheology type

Plasticizer type

Plasticizer level

Amount of filler

Gelling expectation

High filling requirement

Gloss or opacity

Transparency

Whiteness

Low fogging

Mechanical performance

Adhesion

Estimated order quantity

Requested packing

Requested technical documents

TDS, COA and formulation information of the existing Emulsion PVC used, if any

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT EMULSION PVC

What is Emulsion PVC?

Emulsion PVC is a family of polyvinyl chloride resins with very fine particles suitable for the preparation of plastisols and similar PVC pastes.

What is the Turkish name of Emulsion PVC?

It is called Emulsion PVC or Paste PVC.

Is Emulsion PVC the same as Paste PVC?

In commercial use, it refers to the same product family to a large extent. However, the Paste PVC family may include grades produced by microsuspension method as well as emulsion.

What is the CAS number of Emulsion PVC?

For general PVC homopolymer, CAS No is 9002-86-2.

What is the molecular formula of Emulsion PVC?

The repeat unit of PVC is denoted as (C₂H₃Cl)n.

What is the molecular weight of Emulsion PVC?

Since it is a polymer, it does not have a single molecular weight. Grades are defined by the K-value or viscosity number.

What is the K-value of Emulsion PVC?

There is no single K-value. Commercial paste PVC grades have a wide range of K-values according to different molecular weight classes.

What does the K-value indicate?

It is the technical parameter associated with the solution viscosity and average molecular weight of PVC.

Why is Emulsion PVC with fine particles?

Emulsion or microsuspension polymerization technology is designed to form very small PVC particles.

Why does emulsion PVC form plastisol?

Fine PVC particles can disperse in the plasticizer to form a liquid or paste-like system at room temperature.

What is plastisol?

It is a liquid or pasty PVC system in which PVC particles are dispersed in the plasticizer, gelling and fusing with heating.

Is emulsion soluble in PVC plasticizer?

At room temperature, it is initially completely insoluble. The particles disperse. Plasticizer absorption, gelation and fusion take place with heating.

Is Emulsion PVC the same as Suspension PVC?

They may have the same basic PVC chemistry, but the particle structure and process use case are different.

Can suspension be used for PVC plastisol?

Standard suspension PVC paste is not used as a direct replacement for PVC. Plastisol requires special paste or blending resin.

Is Emulsion PVC the same as Microsuspension PVC?

They are not the same production method, but both can be used in paste PVC applications.

Can Emulsion PVC and Microsuspension PVC be used together?

They can be used together to achieve the desired rheology in some industrial coating systems.

In what physical form is Emulsion PVC?

It is usually white fine powder.

Is Emulsion PVC soluble in water?

PVC polymer is insoluble in water.

Where is Emulsion PVC used?

It is used in floor and wall coverings, artificial leather, textile coating, automotive sealants, dipping, toys, gloves and different plastisol applications.

Is emulsion used for PVC flooring?

Pie is one of the primary uses of PVC.

Is emulsion used in PVC faux leather?

It can be widely used in compact and foamed faux leather layers.

Is emulsion used in PVC textile coating?

It can be used in coated fabric and technical textile applications.

Is Emulsion PVC used in automotive?

It can be used in interior trim, faux leather, mastic, seam sealing and underbody coatings.

Is emulsion used in the production of PVC gloves?

Suitable dipping grades can be used in the production of PVC gloves.

Is emulsion used in PVC toys?

It can be used in rotation molding or dipping toys with appropriate grades and formulations.

Can Emulsion PVC be foamed?

Chemical or mechanical foamed PVC structures can be prepared with special grades.

Can emulsion be used in PVC compact products?

There are special compact grades for dense PVC sheets without foam.

What is Emulsion PVC viscosity?

There is no single value for the resin powder itself, such as plastisol viscosity. The viscosity measured in the reference plasticizer formulation varies according to grade.

Can emulsion PVC be Newton type?

Some grades can provide Newton or near-Newton flow.

Can emulsion PVC be false plastic?

Some grades may exhibit marked pseudoplastic behavior whose viscosity decreases as shear increases.

Why is false plastic Emulsion PVC used?

Easy application at high shear in coating or sealant application can be used to provide better sag resistance at low shear.

Can emulsion PVC filler acceptance be high?

Special grades with low viscosity may be suitable for high amounts of calcium carbonate.

What plasticizers can be added to Emulsion PVC?

Depending on the application, different general-purpose, adipate, phosphate ester, polymeric, or other suitable PVC plasticizers can be used.

Does every Emulsion PVC behave the same as the same plasticizer?

The resin particle structure and plasticizer solvation power change gelation and viscosity.

Why does paste PVC get darker as it waits?

The plasticizer can continue to penetrate the PVC particles over time, and the particles can swell. This can be called paste aging.

What is gelation of Emulsion PVC?

It is because the plasticizer penetrates the PVC particle and the plastisol loses its liquid phase, forming gel-like structure.

What is PVC fusing?

It is the disappearance of the boundaries of gelled PVC particles to form a continuous plasticized PVC matrix.

What does inadequate fusion lead to?

Low mechanical strength can result in poor finish, poor adhesion, and low wear performance.

Why does emulsion PVC turn yellow?

Excessive temperature or long process time can cause thermal degradation of PVC and hydrogen chloride separation.

Is a heat stabilizer necessary?

In most plastisol thermal processes, the appropriate heat stabilizer is used to control the degradation of PVC.

Can emulsion PVC be used in food contact products?

It can only be evaluated if the exact grade and the compliance of all formulation components with the relevant legislation is verified.

Is Emulsion PVC used in cosmetics?

Classic cosmetics are not used as raw materials.

EMULSION PVC – TECHNICAL SUMMARY

Emulsion PVC, called Emulsion PVC or Paste PVC in Turkish, is a family of polyvinyl chloride resins with very fine particles developed to form plastisols in plasticizers.
The basic chemical structure is the same as standard PVC. The general repeat unit is (C₂H₃Cl)n and the general PVC homopolymer is CAS No 9002-86-2.
Emulsion PVC is not a single commercial product. There are many grades with different K-values, particle morphologies and rheological properties.
KEM ONE considers Emulsion PVC and Paste PVC in the same commercial family in its current product portfolio and states that paste resins can be produced by emulsion or microsuspension method.
The main difference of Emulsion PVC is its very fine particle structure. This structure allows the preparation of liquid or pasty plastisol in the plasticizer.
Plastisol is a system in which PVC particles are dispersed in the plasticizer at room temperature. During heating, the PVC particles absorb the plasticizer, swell and gel. It fuses at a higher temperature to form a continuous plasticized PVC matrix.
The K-value of emulsion PVC is used to determine its molecular weight class, but it does not explain the paste viscosity on its own. Particle morphology, surface area, emulsifier content, and interaction with the plasticizer are also critical.
In Westlake Vinnolit's current paste PVC guide, there are many grades with Newton type, close to Newton type and different rheology. This shows that rheology is a separate technical criterion in the selection of paste PVC.
The main applications are floor coverings, wall coverings, artificial leather, textile coatings, automotive interior trim and sealants, underbody coatings, dipping products, toys, gloves and different technical plastisol applications.

Emulsion PVC has fine particle, good dispersion and plasticizer compatibility in floor and wall coverings; and film forming and adhesion advantages in artificial leather and architectural fabrics.
Low viscosity Emulsion PVC grades can be advantageous in flooring or coating systems with high filling.
Higher K-value grades may provide an advantage in terms of mechanical strength, but gelation and process behavior should be evaluated separately.
Emulsion PVC and Microsuspension PVC are not exactly the same production method. However, the two can be used in the same paste PVC sector and can be mixed together in some formulations.
Suspension PVC, on the other hand, is a general-purpose PVC grade with larger particles and is not a direct alternative to standard paste PVC.
When purchasing emulsion PVC, K-value, viscosity number, bulk density, volatile matter, sieve residue, particle structure, reference plastisol viscosity, flow character, paste aging, gelation, fusion and final application performance should be evaluated together.
Companies planning to supply Emulsion PVC from Ataman Kimya are recommended to confirm the current product and offer conditions by sharing the usage area, target K-value, rheology type, plasticizer system, filling amount, foamed or compact structure requirement, gelation expectation, packaging quantity and technical document requirements.