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GARAMITE 1958 is a powdered rheological and thixotropic additive consisting of organically modified phyllosilicates offered by BYK Additives. It is used to provide viscosity control, flow/sag resistance and storage stability in epoxy, unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, polyurethane, acrylic resin systems and PVC plastisols. GARAMITE 1958 is known as an additive developed for medium polarity systems, which can be evaluated in solvent and solvent-free systems.
GARAMITE 1958 is not a single pure molecular compound; it is a mixture obtained by modifying mineral components of different morphology with organic cations. For this reason, it is not identified by a single CAS number or molecular formula. The commercial product is an off-white powder, odorless and insoluble in water. Composition details and ingredient records are provided in the manufacturer's current SDS document.
The recommended usage level for GARAMITE 1958 in the BYK technical literature varies according to the system. A range of approximately 0.3–2% is specified in paint and coating systems according to the total formulation, approximately 0.5–5% in unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester and epoxy resins, and approximately 0.5–5% in PVC plastisols. These numbers are for guidance purposes; the most appropriate level should be determined by laboratory trials.
Process suitability with respect to GARAMITE 1958 is not determined solely by product dosage. The polarity of the system, the type of solvent or reactive diluent, dispersion shear force, temperature, humidity, fill rate, and auxiliaries that increase activation, if any, all affect the rheological outcome. Insufficient dispersion can result in low yields, while overdosing can result in unnecessary consistency and surface effects.
For safety reasons, since GARAMITE 1958 is offered in fine powder form, dust formation and dust exposure must be controlled. It should be taken into account that the product has the characteristics of flammable dust and the automatic ignition temperature is reported as approximately 190 °C in the welding data. Current SDS should be taken as basis for handling, storage and transportation conditions.
WHAT IS GARAMITE 1958?
GARAMITE 1958 is a rheological additive in powder form, consisting of a combination of organically modified phyllosilicate (layered silicate) minerals. Product; When dispersed in liquid resin, solvent or plasticizer, it forms a three-dimensional network structure, increasing the viscosity of the system at low shear and maintaining fluidity at high shear. This behavior is called thixotropy and pseudoplasticity (shear thinning).
Mineral components with different morphologies are present together in the GARAMITE 1958 structure. The combination of rod-like and slab-like particles forms the basis of the approach described by the BYK as mixed mineral thixotrope technology. This combination is reported to facilitate dispersion and provide high yields even at low viscosities.
The rheological additive approach is separate from thickening polymers and surfactants. GARAMITE 1958 does not rely on the entanglement or dissolution of polymer chains; it acts by swelling or structuring in the organic liquid phase thanks to organic modification on the surface of mineral particles. The polarity of the system determines the degree of this effect.
The term GARAMITE 1958 describes a specific commercial product; however, different grades within the same brand family are suitable for different polarity ranges. GARAMITE 1958 is offered for medium polarity systems, while there are separate grades in the same family for low to medium polarity or medium to high polarity systems. When selecting a product, one should look at the polarity and process conditions of the target system, not just the brand name.
COMMON PRODUCT AND CHEMICAL NAMES
GARAMITE 1958
BYK GARAMITE 1958
Organophilic phyllosilicate
Mixed mineral thixotrope
Organic modified clay based powder rheological additive
CAS NO, EC NO AND CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
Product Name: GARAMITE 1958
Manufacturer: BYK (ALTANA group)
Chemical Grade: Organic Modified Phyllosilicate Blend
CAS No: Not a pure substance identified by a single CAS number; component records are included in the current SDS
EC No: Not a pure substance identified by a single EC number; component records are included in the current SDS
Composition: Organophilic phyllosilicates
Physical form: Powder
Appearance: Off-white
Odor: Odorless
Water solubility: Insoluble
Major function: Rheological and thixotropic additive; sagging and collapse resistance
Auto-ignition temperature: Approx. 190 °C (supplier data; must be verified with up-to-date SDS)
Recommended usage level: Range of approximately 0.3–5% depending on the system
Note: Since GARAMITE 1958 is a mixture, composition, packaging and classification information should be confirmed from the SDS and TDS documents of the commercial batch.
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF GARAMITE 1958
GARAMITE 1958 is obtained by modifying the surface and interlayer regions of minerals of a layered silicate structure with organic cations. Inorganic cations on the mineral surface are replaced by organic groups; in this way, the mineral, initially hydrophilic, becomes compatible with organic liquids. This process imparts organophilic character and makes it possible to disperse minerals in resin, solvent or plasticizer.
The morphology of the mineral components in GARAMITE 1958 differs from one another. Sheet-like particles offer large surface area, while rod-like particles can strengthen the attachment points of the network structure. This combination can provide easier dispersion and a more stable structure development compared to a uniform organoquite. The details of the structure should not be exceeded by the general description as it is manufacturer's information.
The rheological effect relies on a weak, reversible network structure formed by particles through hydrogen bonds and polar interactions. When shear is applied, the mesh breaks and viscosity decreases; when shear is removed, the structure is reestablished. With GARAMITE 1958, this rate of recycling is important in determining the tendency of the coating to shift or flow post-application.
The organic modification in the GARAMITE 1958 structure is not resistant to heat without limit. Prolonged waiting at high temperature may lead to degradation of the organic part or alteration of the rheological effect. Therefore, in systems requiring hot firing or high-temperature aging, the performance of the product should be verified separately.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Appearance: Off-white powder.
Composition: Organophilic phyllosilicates.
Odor: Odorless.
Solubility in water: Insoluble.
Bulk density: It is reported in the range of approximately 34–172 kg/m³ in sources; it depends on the grade and measurement method.
Automatic ignition temperature: Approx. 190 °C.
Rheological behavior: Thixotropic and pseudoplastic.
Proper polarity: Systems with medium polarity.
Recommended level: Approx. 0.3–2% in coatings; approx. 0.5–5% in epoxy, unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins; approx. 0.5–5% in PVC plastisols.
All of these values must be verified with the TDS and SDS of the exact product to be purchased. The numbers given for GARAMITE 1958 are typical values, not the specification limit. Different grades in the same product family give values such as specific gravity of approximately 1.5–1.7 g/cm³ and water content of approximately 6% at most; The exact value for GARAMITE 1958 must be obtained from the current document.
HOW DOES GARAMITE 1958 WORK AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL?
The rheological effect is the co-occurrence of three processes: the wetting and decomposition of the powder in the liquid, the dispersion of the particles in the organic phase, and the establishment of a reversible network structure between the particles. GARAMITE 1958 only creates the rheological structure; the resin, solvent, filler, and process conditions together determine the final coating properties.
In the dispersion stage, the shear force separates the particle clusters. GARAMITE 1958 is more easily wetted and less dusty than pyrogenic silica due to its high volume density and mixed mineral structure. If sufficient dispersion is not achieved, the network structure is incomplete and the expected sag resistance cannot be achieved.
After the structure is formed, the viscosity increases at low shear; this slows down sagging on vertical surfaces and settling of fillers and pigments. During high shear in brush, roller, spray or pump application, the web breaks and flow becomes easier. GARAMITE 1958 stands out by providing this pseudoplastic behavior at low viscosities.
GARAMITE 1958 efficacy is sensitive to the polarity of the system. A small amount of polar solvent, water, or strengthening admixtures recommended by the BYK can accelerate the formation of the network structure. The same admixture may not be required in some systems; therefore, the activation approach should be tried separately for each formulation.
CLASSIFICATION OF RHEOLOGICAL ADDITIVE SYSTEMS
Rheological admixtures are divided into several main families according to their chemical structure: pyrogenic silica, organic modified clays (organoclays), polymeric and polyamide-based thixotropes, cellulosic and acrylic thickeners, and hydrogenated oil derivatives. Each family has a different mechanism of activity, activation requirement, and appropriate system polarity.
GARAMITE 1958 belongs to the organic modified phyllosilicate family; within this family, it is considered a mixed mineral thixotrope subgroup. Its difference from traditional organoclays is that it uses a combination of minerals of different morphology instead of a uniform sheet structure. It differs from pyrogenic silica in that it is mineral-based, has a higher volume density, and often does not require high shear or special activation.
In the same brand family, GARAMITE 7303 is offered for low to medium polarity systems, while GARAMITE 7305 is offered for medium to high polarity systems. GARAMITE 1958 is positioned between these two classes for medium polarity systems. It is not correct to use these classes interchangeably with the same weight.
IN WHICH SECTORS IS GARAMITE 1958 USED?
Protective and industrial coatings; anti-corrosion paints; epoxy floor coatings; solvent-free epoxy systems; unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins; gelcoat and laminating resins; polyurethane coatings; adhesives; putty and joint fillers; varnishes; powder coatings and PVC plastisols are the main areas of consideration.
The use of GARAMITE 1958 is not carried out in the same way in every system. While sagging and slump control comes to the fore in epoxy and vinyl ester systems, viscosity stability and plasticizer compatibility come to the fore in PVC plastisols. In powder coatings, the effect on surface texture and gloss becomes important.
In the building and construction industry, GARAMITE 1958 can be used in systems such as floor coverings, repair mortars and epoxy-based chemical anchors. The rheological effect of the product alone is not evidence of mechanical, fire or chemical resistance suitability.
EPOXY FLOOR AND PROTECTIVE COATING APPLICATIONS
In epoxy systems, GARAMITE 1958 is used for sag resistance, filler and pigment suspension, and film thickness control. It is an important advantage that it slows down the settling of heavy fillers such as quartz sand in solvent-free epoxy floor coatings. In the BYK technical literature, GARAMITE 1958 is reported to show better or similar suspension performance compared to pyrogenic silica in this type of system.
GARAMITE 1958 is added into the epoxy component, usually on the resin side. Addition to the hardener side depends on the type of hardener and compatibility and should also be tried. When the dosage is increased, viscosity, thixotropy, and film thickness increase; however, flow and surface smoothness may decrease.
For GARAMITE 1958, BYK gives a range of approximately 0.5–5% as orientation in epoxy resin systems. In low viscosity, high fill floor systems, slump and phase separation control may be the main goal instead of sagging. The use of a strengthening additive or a small amount of polar compound can help reduce dosage.
In epoxy application, the effect of GARAMITE 1958 on curing kinetics, gel duration, mechanical properties and chemical resistance should be controlled on the final product. When the resin, hardener and filler change in the same system, the rheological result can also change.
UNSATURATED POLYESTER, VINYL ESTER AND COMPOSITE APPLICATIONS
In unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins, GARAMITE 1958 can be used to provide sag resistance and storage stability in systems such as gelcoat, laminating resin, filled resin and paste. The product is indicated among the recommended applications for use with orthophythalic, isophythalic, DCPD and PET based polyester resins.
GARAMITE 1958 is easily dispersible in resins containing styrene. Its mixed mineral structure reduces the need for high shear and provides less dusting compared to pyrogenic silica according to BYK. However, all resin parameters such as styrene emission, gel time and product hardening behavior should be re-verified.
In composite production, the effect of GARAMITE 1958 on filler and fiber wetting should be considered. Viscosity increase at high dosage can make fiber impregnation difficult. Therefore, GARAMITE 1958 dosage should be determined by evaluating both sag resistance and impregnation quality together.
When used in combination with GARAMITE 1958 BYK's reinforcing additives in unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester systems, the total amount of additives can be reduced. This approach can be evaluated in terms of product economy and surface quality.
PVC PLASTIC, ADHESIVE AND JOINT FILLER APPLICATIONS
PVC plastisols are fluidic systems consisting of fine dispersion PVC resin, plasticizer, stabilizer, filler and auxiliary additives. GARAMITE 1958 can be used in these systems for viscosity stability and prevention of filler slump. The BYK technical data highlights GARAMITE 1958's wide compatibility with various plasticizers and its high effectiveness compared to deposit fillers.
GARAMITE 1958 provides pseudoplastic runoff in PVC plastisols and does not affect the VOC content. It is recommended to use the product in the range of about 0.5–5%. The method of application and the desired viscosity profile determine the dosage. When the type and amount of plasticizer changes, the development of the network structure can also change.
In adhesives and joint fillers, GARAMITE 1958 can be used for sagging and percolation resistance. In one-component moisture-hardening systems, GARAMITE 1958 needs to be pre-dried or used in conjunction with chemical water scavengers, as the moisture content of the product can affect system stability. Drying can be done in conjunction with customary fillers such as CaCO₃.
Mechanical requirements vary by application. Higher thixotropy can reduce surface smoothness and flow in some cases. Therefore, the goal for GARAMITE 1958 is not just maximum viscosity; ease of application and final film or filler quality should be considered together.
THE IMPORTANCE OF EFFICACY, DOSAGE AND POLARITY COMPLIANCE
GARAMITE 1958 effectiveness; It depends on the polarity of the system, solvent type, dispersion shear force and temperature. In the technical literature of BYK, it is reported that the mixed mineral thixotrope class can be approximately 30-40% more efficient than other common thixotropes. This value is not valid for every system; it must be verified by testing in its own formulation.
Polarity matching is critical. GARAMITE 1958 is designed to provide the best efficiency in medium polarity systems. In very high polarity systems, the effect may be weakened, and in very low polarity systems, the network structure may not develop sufficiently. In this case, another class or strengthening additive from the same product family may be considered.
Viscosity and thixotropy generally increase as dosage increases, but this relationship is not linear. After a certain point, additional GARAMITE 1958 will only raise viscosity and may adversely affect flow, surface smoothness or impregnation quality. Therefore, both sag resistance and application characteristics should be monitored when performing dosage screening.
The dispersion shear force and time determine the development of the web structure. Although GARAMITE 1958 does not require high shear, insufficient dispersion reduces efficiency. It is possible to add it to the ready-made system later; however, in this case, a higher shear force is required and the mixing temperature should be kept below about 50 °C.
IS GARAMITE 1958 USED IN FOOD, COSMETICS AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS?
GARAMITE 1958 is a rheological additive developed for industrial coating, resin and plastisol systems. This use of the product does not imply that it is suitable for use in food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulations. Separate toxicological and regulatory compliance is required for these areas.
In the case of coating or packaging applications in contact with food, the conformity of GARAMITE 1958 according to the relevant legislation must be confirmed from the manufacturer. BYK publishes food contact legal status information for its products separately. The general technical data sheet alone does not prove this conformity.
In cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations, GARAMITE 1958 should not be offered as a standard excipient. Such use cannot be recommended without separate ingredient registration, purity and regulatory assessment for the target product category.
PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
The main parameters are: GARAMITE 1958 dosage, system polarity, type of resin or solvent, filler and pigment ratio, dispersion shear force, dispersion time, temperature, humidity, use of strengthening additive, and storage time.
Properties to be measured in the target system: viscosity profile, thixotropy index, shear thinning, sag resistance, slump resistance, gel time, surface appearance, gloss, film thickness, adhesion, and viscosity stability during storage.
In comparative samples, mix volume, dispersing equipment, shear rate, temperature, dwell time and measurement conditions should be standardized. GARAMITE 1958 effect should not be explained solely by the difference in dosage between samples prepared under different process conditions.
WHAT PROBLEMS CAN GARAMITE 1958 SOLVE?
Coating sagging on vertical surface: Under favorable dispersion conditions, the use of GARAMITE 1958 can improve sag resistance.
Filler or pigment settling: GARAMITE 1958 can slow down settling during storage by forming a mesh structure.
Syneresis is seen in the resin: The thixotropic structure can help control phase separation.
Viscosity changes in storage: A balanced network structure can improve viscosity stability.
There are dusting and storage issues with the use of pyrogenic silica: GARAMITE 1958 can offer higher volume density and lower dusting.
Cannot apply high shear: GARAMITE 1958 can provide a dispersion process that is less susceptible to high shear.
Gel time fluctuates: Proper selection of rheological admixture can contribute to gel time stability.
THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN USING GARAMITE 1958
GARAMITE 1958 is a fine powdery raw material. Dust generation during bag opening, weighing, transferring, and dry mixing should be minimized, ensuring local suction and proper dust filtration. Personal protective equipment should be selected based on current SDS and workplace risk assessment.
The product may have the characteristics of flammable dust. Dust cloud formation, static electricity accumulation and heat sources should be avoided. The automatic ignition temperature of approximately 190 °C reported in the sources should be considered in storage and process design.
GARAMITE 1958 can absorb moisture. Moisture-hardening one-component systems require pre-drying of the product or use with chemical water traps. The amount of moisture can affect system stability and mesh structure.
The rheological profile may change when the dosage, amount of fortifying additive or polar component changes. The compatibility of all materials in the recipe should be verified. The use of GARAMITE 1958 should be managed in such a way as not to create cross-contamination with other raw materials.
Just because a system containing GARAMITE 1958 has the desired rheology does not mean that the final performance of the product is appropriate. Mechanical strength, chemical resistance, fire behavior and food suitability are determined by separate tests.
VISCOSITY, COLLAPSE RESISTANCE AND TESTING APPROACHES
Viscosity is the primary performance indicator in most rheological additive applications; however, it is not sufficient on its own. The GARAMITE 1958 effect can be assessed by viscosity values measured at different shear rates and by the thixotropy index. The viscosity ratio at low and high shear rates indicates the strength of the structure.
Sag resistance can be tested at different film thicknesses with suitable applicators. Sag initiation, sag distance, and surface smoothness are recorded on the film applied on the vertical surface. Two systems with the same viscosity may exhibit different sag behavior; therefore, the recovery rate of the mesh structure should also be monitored.
Slump resistance is evaluated by the level of settling of the filler and pigment to the bottom in samples kept for a certain time and temperature. The effect of GARAMITE 1958 should be compared with accelerated storage tests and actual storage time. In the case of hardened films, surface appearance, gloss, adhesion and mechanical properties are examined.
The result that the system used in GARAMITE 1958 has the targeted performance can only be given over the final product standard. Rheological additive performance and fire, corrosion or chemical resistance performance are different concepts.
CONTROL VARIABLES IN PROCESS DESIGN
Screening only the GARAMITE 1958 dosage in the trial plan may be useful for initial material comparisons. However, if the polarity and dispersion conditions of the system do not change, the benefit of increasing the dosage after a certain point may be limited. Therefore, in the second stage, variables such as strengthening additive, amount of polar component or dispersion time are added in a controlled manner.
Scale change is important in transferring laboratory results to production. The shear effect that is sufficient in a small batch may not be achieved in the same way in large production tanks. In GARAMITE 1958 dispersion, the type of mixer, fin geometry and speed can affect the results.
Process monitoring methods include viscosity measurement, temperature monitoring, dispersion time recording, and sample dwell post-check. A good trial record documents the GARAMITE 1958 batch number, raw material batches, mix mass, dwell time, ambient humidity, and measurement date.
In the reproducibility assessment, the control sample should be included in each trial series. When comparing different rheological admixtures, it makes more sense to normalize not only to the nominal percentage, but also to the amount required to achieve the same viscosity or the same sag resistance target.
RAW MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY AND FORMULATION LIMITS
The polarity of resins, solvents, plasticizers, fillers and pigments used with GARAMITE 1958 affects the development of the network structure. GARAMITE 1958 effectiveness may change when the polar component ratio increases. For this reason, it is preferable to keep the proportions of other components constant in viscosity comparisons.
Resin type, molecular weight and reactive diluent content are important in epoxy, vinyl ester and unsaturated polyester resins. If the particle structure, plasticizer type and viscosity level of paste resin are not suitable in PVC plastisol, it becomes difficult to separate the effect of GARAMITE 1958.
Strengthening additives and small amounts of polar components can accelerate the development of the network structure in some systems. It is misleading to present this effect as the natural property of GARAMITE 1958. When using a strengthener, the manufacturer's composition, dosage and incompatibility information should be examined together.
Acidic or based strong ingredients, humidity, and high temperature can affect the behavior of organic modification. In systems where color and transparency are required, the optical effect of the mineral additive must be considered. The off-white powder of the product may cause clouding in transparent or light-colored coatings.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND REGULATORY ASSESSMENT
The environmental profile of the final product containing GARAMITE 1958 cannot be inferred from the additive name alone. The composition of the additive, the resin and solvent system, the method of application, and the end of use of the product should be examined together. Ingredient declarations and regional chemical regulatory controls in the supply chain may vary depending on the product category of the business.
One of the main checkpoints for workplace health is the inhalation of fine dust. For this reason, GARAMITE 1958 bag-opening, weighing, transferring, and dry mixing operations require priority risk assessment. The risks of other components such as solvent or styrene vapor during dispersion are also assessed.
If special packaging, children's products, toys or food contact materials are targeted, a general technical data sheet is not sufficient. The standard and substance restrictions applicable to the final product should be investigated separately. The mere inclusion of GARAMITE 1958 as a processing aid does not eliminate the need for a regional compliance assessment.
Nor is it enough to switch to another product for the sole purpose of avoiding GARAMITE 1958 when choosing an alternative rheological additive. The new product's own composition, dust exposure, performance and regulatory status should be re-examined.
INITIAL FORMULATION APPROACHES FOR GARAMITE 1958
The following eight examples are conceptual laboratory initial recipes for the comparison of different additive amounts in systems containing GARAMITE 1958. These are verified commercial production, no specific viscosity or sag resistance guarantees. Each percentage of material is a percentage by weight of the final mix, and recipes are complete to 100.00%.
No specific dispersion time, cycle or temperature instruction is intentionally given in this section. GARAMITE 1958 dispersion trials should only be conducted with competent personnel, proper ventilation and risk assessment. If the content of the commercial raw materials used is different, the percentage calculation should be redone.
EXAMPLE 1: GARAMITE 1958 LEVEL SCAN ON SOLVENT-FREE EPOXY FLOOR COATING
Objective: To compare the relationship of GARAMITE 1958 level with viscosity, sag resistance, and filler slump in the resin component of solvent-free epoxy flooring. Examples show the resin component (component A) before the addition of hardener.
Starting ingredients (wt%, resin component):
CONTROL A
Bisphenol A epoxy resin: 46.00%
Reactive diluent (C12–C14 alkyl glycidyl ether): 7.00%
Titanium dioxide: 8.00%
Quartz flour: 37.50%
Deaeration additive: 0.50%
Surface smoothness contribution: 0.50%
Wetting and dispersion additive: 0.50%
GARAMITE 1958: 0.00%
TOTAL: 100.00%
EXAMPLE B
Bisphenol A epoxy resin: 46.00%
Reactive diluent (C12–C14 alkyl glycidyl ether): 7.00%
Titanium dioxide: 8.00%
Quartz flour: 37.00%
Deaeration additive: 0.50%
Surface smoothness contribution: 0.50%
Wetting and dispersion additive: 0.50%
GARAMITE 1958: 0.50%
TOTAL: 100.00%
EXAMPLE C
Bisphenol A epoxy resin: 46.00%
Reactive diluent (C12–C14 alkyl glycidyl ether): 7.00%
Titanium dioxide: 8.00%
Quartz flour: 36.50%
Deaeration additive: 0.50%
Surface smoothness contribution: 0.50%
Wetting and dispersion additive: 0.50%
GARAMITE 1958: 1.00%
TOTAL: 100.00%
EXAMPLE D
Bisphenol A epoxy resin: 46.00%
Reactive diluent (C12–C14 alkyl glycidyl ether): 7.00%
Titanium dioxide: 8.00%
Quartz flour: 36.00%
Deaeration additive: 0.50%
Surface smoothness contribution: 0.50%
Wetting and dispersion additive: 0.50%
GARAMITE 1958: 1.50%
TOTAL: 100.00%
Application approach:
The same epoxy resin, reactive diluent, filler and additive sources are kept constant in all samples. GARAMITE 1958-free control is prepared. Dispersion homogeneity and effective additive level are recorded. Viscosity, thixotropy index, sag resistance, filler collapse, surface appearance and post-hardening mechanical properties are examined together. Hardener addition and mixing conditions are determined according to the manufacturer's TDS and SDS documents.
Note: Only the proportion of quartz flour has been reduced as GARAMITE 1958 has increased in the recipes. This makes comparison easier but it should be noted in the conclusion interpretation that variation in filling ratio can also affect rheology and mechanical properties.
EXAMPLE 2: GARAMITE 1958 LEVEL SCANNING IN PVC PLASTIC
Objective: To evaluate the relationship of GARAMITE 1958 ratio with viscosity stability, filler suspension and storage stability in PVC plastisol system. In the examples, plasticizer correction is shown as a separate component.
Starting components (wt%, plastisol):
CONTROL A
PVC paste resin: 38.00%
DOTP plasticizer: 38.00%
Calcium carbonate: 14.00%
Ca/Zn stabilizer package: 2.00%
Titanium dioxide: 2.00%
Correction compatible with plasticizer (additional DOTP): 6.00%
GARAMITE 1958: 0.00%
TOTAL: 100.00%
EXAMPLE B
PVC paste resin: 38.00%
DOTP plasticizer: 38.00%
Calcium carbonate: 14.00%
Ca/Zn stabilizer package: 2.00%
Titanium dioxide: 2.00%
Correction compatible with plasticizer (additional DOTP): 5.50%
GARAMITE 1958: 0.50%
TOTAL: 100.00%
EXAMPLE C
PVC paste resin: 38.00%
DOTP plasticizer: 38.00%
Calcium carbonate: 14.00%
Ca/Zn stabilizer package: 2.00%
Titanium dioxide: 2.00%
Correction compatible with plasticizer (additional DOTP): 5.00%
GARAMITE 1958: 1.00%
TOTAL: 100.00%
EXAMPLE D
PVC paste resin: 38.00%
DOTP plasticizer: 38.00%
Calcium carbonate: 14.00%
Ca/Zn stabilizer package: 2.00%
Titanium dioxide: 2.00%
Correction compatible with plasticizer (additional DOTP): 4.50%
GARAMITE 1958: 1.50%
TOTAL: 100.00%
Application approach:
The same package of PVC paste resin, plasticizer and stabilizer is used. The control sample does not contain GARAMITE 1958. Viscosity, dispersion homogeneity, filler slump and storage stability are compared under appropriate safety conditions. The same evaluation geometry and recording system are used in all samples. Gelation and fusion temperatures are selected only based on manufacturer TDS, SDS and process risk analysis.
Note: As GARAMITE 1958 increases in recipes, only the proportion of additional plasticizers has been reduced. If different plasticizers or paste resins are used, percentage calculation and product selection must be redone.
GARAMITE 1958 ALTERNATIVES AND COMPARISON
In the selection of alternatives, not only the price and viscosity effect; system polarity, ease of dispersion, activation requirement, powder behavior, transparency, final product performance and regulatory status should be evaluated. Direct replacement of rheological admixtures with the same weight may not maintain the expected rheological structure.
GARAMITE 1958 AND PYROGENIC SILICA
Pyrogenic silica is the commonly used thixotropic additive in epoxy and unsaturated polyester systems. Due to its very low volume density, it can create dusting, storage volume, and dispersion challenges. Its effect is often dependent on high shear and hydrogen bonds in the system.
GARAMITE 1958 offers higher volume density, reduced dusting, and less sensitive dispersion to high shear compared to pyrogenic silica, according to BYK. In contrast, pyrogenic silica may be more advantageous in transparent systems. The choice should be based on the optical and rheological requirements of the target system.
GARAMITE 1958 AND TRADITIONAL ORGANOQUILS
Traditional organoclays rely on uniform mineral structure, such as bentonite or hectorite, and may often require polar activator or pre-gel preparation. They are sensitive to dispersion and activation conditions.
GARAMITE 1958 can be dispersed more easily without the need for activators due to its mixed mineral structure. However, conventional organoclays may be sufficient and economical in some polar systems or special applications. The comparison should be made on the same viscosity target.
GARAMITE 1958 & GARAMITE 7303 / GARAMITE 7305
GARAMITE 7303 is from the same brand family developed for low to medium polarity systems, and GARAMITE 7305 is developed for medium to high polarity systems. GARAMITE 1958 is positioned between these two classes for medium polarity systems.
In the same resin system, changing the class changes viscosity, thixotropy, and dispersion behavior. Therefore, product selection should be based on the polarity and solvent content of the system, not relying solely on dosage uniformity.
GARAMITE 1958 AND POLYAMIDE OR HYDROGENATED OIL-BASED TICOTROPES
Polyamide waxes and hydrogenated castor oil derivatives are commonly used organic thixotropes in solvent systems. They are sensitive to temperature and dispersion conditions; they may not activate at insufficient temperature or may exhibit crystal precipitation during application.
GARAMITE 1958 is mineral-based and does not require temperature activation in most cases. In contrast, organic thixotropes may offer lower color or different surface effects in some systems. Comparison should be made separately in solvent-free systems and high-fill systems.
GARAMITE 1958 AND PRECIPITATED EMBANKMENTS
Fine fillers, such as precipitated calcium carbonate, can be used for viscosity and suspension in PVC plastisols. These fillers work by volume and surface area effect rather than by forming a network structure.
According to BYK data, GARAMITE 1958 offers higher efficacy and broad compatibility with plasticizers in PVC plastisols compared to precipitated fillers. The total formulation should be evaluated, taking into account the cost advantage and mechanical contribution of the filler.
QUALITY CONTROL AND PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR GARAMITE 1958
Product name and trade grade; manufacturer; composition information; appearance; color; bulk density; water content; specific gravity; particle or dispersion properties; storage stability; suitable packaging; SDS; TDS; COA; Information such as REACH records and food contact status should be requested prior to purchase.
When necessary, viscosity measurement, thixotropy index, sagging and slump tests, dispersion fineness and storage stability tests are performed in the target system. It should not be assumed that the dosage value specified in the manufacturer's sheet will be actually the same in the system used.
Just because two rheological admixtures are equally priced does not mean they provide equal economic value. The amount required to achieve the target rheology, ease of dispersion, safe transfer system, dusting and scrap rate affect the total cost.
STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF GARAMITE 1958
GARAMITE 1958 should be stored in a suitable, closed package that is cool, dry, well-ventilated and in the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. It should be protected from moisture, heat sources, contamination and dust spread. Opened packages should be tightly closed.
Storage conditions may affect rheological performance as the product may absorb moisture. Water content should be rechecked for packages that have been waiting for a long time or left open. Dust accumulation in storage and transfer areas should be prevented due to its flammable dust feature.
Transport classification and labeling information must be verified against the current SDS of commercial grade. Material labels, shipping information and storage compliance must be confirmed from the current SDS. Dust generation must be minimized during spillage and bag opening operations.
GARAMITE 1958 SAFETY INFORMATION
GARAMITE 1958 is a mineral-based product that is offered in powder form. Local suction, closed transfer, appropriate particle filtration and personal protective equipment selected according to the current SDS are important in handling. Dust should not be removed into the air by dry sweeping.
The combustible dust characteristic of the product and the automatic ignition temperature of approximately 190 °C should be considered. Dust cloud, static electricity and heat sources should be managed. The hazards of components such as solvents, styrene or reactive diluents used during dispersion should be evaluated separately.
Personnel training and exposure management should not be reduced to the use of PPE alone. The percentages shown on prescriptions do not in themselves constitute a condition for safe handling.
REACH conformity, classification and labelling information for GARAMITE 1958 must be verified against the current SDS document of the supplied product. Being available for general technical use does not imply unrestricted authorisation in all product categories.
WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN BUYING A GARAMITE 1958?
The purchase request must state the exact product name, target resin or system, current process method, desired viscosity and sag resistance, system polarity, and application method. It should be clearly asked in the original manufacturer's packaging and in which grade the product is offered.
Specific water content, volume density, dispersion properties, storage duration and safety classification should be requested. Transportation requirements, shipment quantity and packaging type should also be evaluated.
If a new supplier product is to be used instead of the existing rheological additive, it is not correct to rely on the same percentage of use. Commercial sample comparison should be carried out on the same viscosity target or defined performance target. Process and product quality should be checked separately.
SUPPLY OF GARAMITE FROM ATAMAN KIMYA IN 1958
GARAMITE 1958 is a powder rheological additive evaluated in epoxy, unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, polyurethane, PVC plastisol, adhesive, joint filler and protective coating applications. Businesses considering procurement from Ataman Kimya can request product suitability and offer information by informing the usage area, resin or system type, desired viscosity and sag resistance and technical document requirements.
Current stock, manufacturer, origin, grade of the product, packaging, SDS and conditions of carriage must be confirmed with the company prior to purchase. Trial results of commercial grade for special applications and final regulatory compliance must be verified separately.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT GARAMITE 1958
What is GARAMITE 1958?
It is an organically modified phyllosilicate based powder rheological and thixotropic additive.
Who is the manufacturer?
BYK (ALTANA group).
What is a CAS number?
It is not a pure substance defined by a single CAS number, but a mixture; the current SDS should be consulted.
In which systems is it used?
In epoxy, unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, polyurethane, acrylic resin systems, PVC plastisol, adhesive and joint filler applications.
How does it work?
It forms a reversible network structure from mineral particles in the organic phase, improving viscosity and sag resistance.
What polarity is it suitable for?
Recommended for medium polarity systems.
What is the recommended dosage?
about 0.3–2% in coatings; about 0.5–5% in resin and plastisol systems.
How is it different from pyrogenic silica?
It is mineral-based, has a higher volume density, less dusting, and less need for high shear.
Do activators be needed?
It is not mandatory in most systems; a small amount of polar solvent or booster can increase the effect.
Can it be added to the ready-made system later?
Yes, but higher shear is required, and the mixing temperature should be kept below about 50°C.
What is the point to be considered in moisture hardening systems?
It needs to be pre-dried or used in conjunction with chemical water traps.
Is PVC used in plastisol?
Yes, it is reported to be widely compatible with plasticizers.
Is it used in powder coating?
It is recommended in epoxy-based powder coatings; surface texture and gloss may change at high dosage.
Can it be used in food?
No; it is an industrial rheological additive, not a food additive.
Can it be used in food contact application?
The legal situation should be confirmed from the manufacturer and current legislation.
Is it flammable?
It may have the characteristics of flammable dust; the automatic ignition temperature in the sources is reported as approximately 190 °C.
Is it soluble in water?
Nope.
What is its color and smell?
It is off-white in color and odorless.
Is GARAMITE the same as 7305?
No; it is a separate class developed for different polarity in the same family.
Does sagging resistance necessarily increase if the dosage is increased?
It usually increases, but flow and surface smoothness can be adversely affected.
What is the main risk in storage?
Humidity, heat and dust exposure should be controlled.
Which documents are important in purchasing?
TDS, SDS, COA and related legislation records.
Why do final product testing be required?
The rheological effect is determined not only by the percentage of additives, but also by resin, solvent, filler and process conditions.
GARAMITE 1958 – TECHNICAL SUMMARY
GARAMITE 1958 is a powder rheological and thixotropic additive consisting of organic modified phyllosilicates offered by BYK. Product in a mixture structure that is not identified by a single CAS number; It can be evaluated for viscosity control, sag resistance and storage stability in epoxy, unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, polyurethane, PVC plastisol, adhesive and grouting systems.
The recommended use level of GARAMITE 1958 is reported to be approximately 0.3–2% in coatings and approximately 0.5–5% in resin and plastisol systems. These ranges are not exact and universal dosages. Actual rheological performance is determined in conjunction with system polarity, dispersion conditions, humidity, and other components.
Due to the characteristics of fine dust and combustible dust, dust control, engineering precautions and occupational safety in accordance with current SDS are essential. Food contact, REACH and final product requirements should be verified on an application basis.
Notification of the target system, polarity, desired viscosity and sag resistance, packaging and TDS, SDS, COA documents in the supply request from Ataman Kimya will facilitate appropriate product evaluation.
