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Introduction
Glucono delta-lactone (GDL) is a naturally occurring food additive, designated as E575. It is the cyclic ester of D-gluconic acid and is produced by the microbial fermentation of glucose. It is a white, odorless, crystalline powder that is freely soluble in water. GDL is used as an acidifier, a sequestrant, a curing agent, and a leavening agent in a variety of food products.
CAS Number
90-80-2
Synonyms
• Gluconic acid delta-lactone
• Gluconolactone
• E575
• GDL
Topic Headings
1. Primary Food Applications (list form)
• Acidifier — Slowly releases gluconic acid to lower pH in foods.
• Coagulant — Used in the production of tofu as a coagulant for soy milk.
• Leavening agent — Used in baking powders as a slow-acting acidulant.
• Curing agent — Used in the curing of meats.
• Pickling agent — Used in the pickling of vegetables.
• Sequestrant — Binds metal ions to prevent oxidation.
2. Mechanism of Action as an Acidifier (paragraph form)
GDL is a lactone that hydrolyzes in water to gluconic acid. This hydrolysis is a slow, pH-dependent process. When GDL is added to food, it gradually releases gluconic acid, lowering the pH of the product over time. This slow acidification is particularly useful in applications like tofu making, where a controlled, gentle coagulation is desired, or in baking powders where a delayed leavening action is needed.
3. Physical and chemical properties (list form)
• Appearance — White, crystalline powder.
• Odor — Odorless.
• Molecular weight — 178.14 g/mol.
• Solubility — Freely soluble in water.
• pH (1% solution) — Approximately 2.5-3.5 (after hydrolysis).
• Melting point — Approximately 153°C (decomposes).
4. Safety and Regulatory Status (paragraph form)
GDL is a widely approved food additive. In the EU, it is designated as E575. In the US, it is listed as a GRAS substance. It is considered safe and has no known adverse effects at typical usage levels. It is metabolized in the body as a normal component of glucose metabolism. GDL is also available in GMO-free, irradiation-free, and allergen-free forms. It is suitable for kosher and halal diets.
