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CAS NUMBER: 64-19-7
EC NUMBER: 200-580-7
MOLECULAR FORMULA: CH3COOH
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 60.05
IUPAC NAME: acetic acid
Glacial Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) is the common name for ethanoic acid.
Glacial Acetic Acidis an organic chemical compound that has a distinctive pungent odor and sour flavor, recognizable as the scent and flavor of vinegar.
Vinegar is about 3-9% acetic acid.
How Glacial Acetic Acid Is Different?
Acetic acid that contains a very low amount of water (less than 1%) is called anhydrous (water-free) acetic acid or glacial acetic acid.
The reason it's called glacial is because it solidifies into solid acetic acid crystals just cooler than room temperature at 16.7 °C, which ice.
Removing the water from acetic acid lowers its melting point by 0.2 °C.
Glacial acetic acid may be prepared by dripping acetic acid solution over a "stalactite" of solid acetic acid (which could be considered to be frozen).
Like a water glacier contains purified water, even if it's floating in the salty sea, pure acetic acid sticks to the glacial acetic acid, while impurities run off with the liquid.
Glacial acetic acid is the anhydrous (undiluted or free of water) form of acetic acid.
Glacial Acetic Acid is considered an organic compound and has the chemical formula CH3COOH.
A diluted solution of acetic acid is known as vinegar or ethanoic acid or ethylic acid.
This acid is classified as a weak acid.
Glacial Acetic Acid, systematically named ethanoic acid is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH (also written as CH3CO2H, C2H4O2, or HC2H3O2).
Vinegar is no less than 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water and other trace elements.
Glacial Acetic Acid is the second simplest carboxylic acid (after formic acid).
Glacial Acetic Acid is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical, used primarily in the production of cellulose acetate for photographic film, polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, and synthetic fibres and fabrics.
In households, diluted Glacial Acetic Acid is often used in descaling agents.
In the food industry, acetic acid is controlled by the food additive code E260 as an acidity regulator and as a condiment.
In biochemistry, the acetyl group, derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to all forms of life.
When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.
The global demand for acetic acid is about 6.5 million metric tons per year (Mt/a), of which approximately 1.5 Mt/a is met by recycling; the remainder is manufactured from methanol.
Vinegar is mostly dilute acetic acid, often produced by fermentation and subsequent oxidation of ethanol.
Nomenclature:
The trivial name 'Glacial Acetic Acid' is the most commonly used and preferred IUPAC name.
The systematic name ethanoic acid, a valid IUPAC name, is constructed according to the substitutive nomenclature.
The name Glacial Acetic Acid derives from acetum, the Latin word for vinegar, and is related to the word acid itself.
Glacial Acetic Acid is a name for water-free (anhydrous) acetic acid.
Similar to the German name Eisessig (ice vinegar), the name comes from the ice-like crystals that form slightly below room temperature at 16.6 °C (61.9 °F) (the presence of 0.1% water lowers its melting point by 0.2 °C).
A common symbol for Glacial Acetic Acid is AcOH, where Ac is the pseudoelement symbol representing the acetyl group CH3−C(=O)−; the conjugate base, acetate (CH3COO−), is thus represented as AcO−.
(The Ac is not to be confused with the symbol for the element actinium; the context prevents confusion among organic chemists).
To better reflect its structure, acetic acid is often written as CH3–C(O)OH, CH3−C(=O)OH, CH3COOH, and CH3CO2H.
In the context of acid–base reactions, the abbreviation HAc is sometimes used, where Ac in this case is a symbol for acetate (rather than acetyl).
Acetate is the ion resulting from loss of H+ from acetic acid.
The name acetate can also refer to a salt containing this anion, or an ester of acetic acid
Glacial Acetic Acid's Structure:
In solid Glacial Acetic Acid, the molecules form chains, individual molecules being interconnected by hydrogen bonds.
In the vapour at 120 °C (248 °F), dimers can be detected.
Dimers also occur in the liquid phase in dilute solutions in non-hydrogen-bonding solvents, and a certain extent in pure acetic acid, but are disrupted by hydrogen-bonding solvents.
The dissociation enthalpy of the dimer is estimated at 65.0–66.0 kJ/mol, and the dissociation entropy at 154–157 J mol−1 K−1.
Other carboxylic acids engage in similar intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions
Glacial Acetic Acid's Biochemistry:
At physiological pHs, acetic acid is usually fully ionised to acetate.
The acetyl group, formally derived from Glacial Acetic Acid, is fundamental to all forms of life.
When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.
Unlike longer-chain carboxylic acids (the fatty acids), acetic acid does not occur in natural triglycerides.
However, the artificial triglyceride triacetin (glycerine triacetate) is a common food additive and is found in cosmetics and topical medicines.
Glacial Acetic Acid is produced and excreted by acetic acid bacteria, notably the genus Acetobacter and Clostridium acetobutylicum.
These bacteria are found universally in foodstuffs, water, and soil, and acetic acid is produced naturally as fruits and other foods spoil.
Glacial Acetic Acid is also a component of the vaginal lubrication of humans and other primates, where it appears to serve as a mild antibacterial agent
USES:
Glacial Acetic Acid is a chemical reagent for the production of chemical compounds.
The largest single use of Glacial Acetic Acid is in the production of vinyl acetate monomer, closely followed by acetic anhydride and ester production.
The volume of Glacial Acetic Acid used in vinegar is comparatively small.
Vinyl Acetate Monomer:
The primary use of Glacial Acetic Acid is the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM).
In 2008, this application was estimated to consume a third of the world's production of acetic acid.
The reaction consists of ethylene and acetic acid with oxygen over a palladium catalyst, conducted in the gas phase.
2 H3C−COOH + 2 C2H4 + O2 → 2 H3C−CO−O−CH=CH2 + 2 H2O
Vinyl acetate can be polymerised to polyvinyl acetate or other polymers, which are components in paints and adhesives.
Ester Production:
The major esters of acetic acid are commonly used as solvents for inks, paints and coatings.
The esters include ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, and propyl acetate.
They are typically produced by catalyzed reaction from acetic acid and the corresponding alcohol:
H3C−COOH + HO−R → H3C−CO−O−R + H2O, R=A general alkyl group
Eg. :- C2H5COOH + C2H5OH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O. Or, ethanol and ethanoic acid gives ethyl ethanoate + water.
Most acetate esters, however, are produced from acetaldehyde using the Tishchenko reaction.
In addition, ether acetates are used as solvents for nitrocellulose, acrylic lacquers, varnish removers, and wood stains.
First, glycol monoethers are produced from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with alcohol, which are then esterified with acetic acid.
The three major products are ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (EEA), ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EBA), and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PMA, more commonly known as PGMEA in semiconductor manufacturing processes, where it is used as a resist solvent).
This application consumes about 15% to 20% of worldwide acetic acid.
Ether acetates, for example EEA, have been shown to be harmful to human reproduction.
Acetic Anhydride:
The product of the condensation of two molecules of acetic acid is acetic anhydride.
The worldwide production of acetic anhydride is a major application, and uses approximately 25% to 30% of the global production of acetic acid.
The main process involves dehydration of acetic acid to give ketene at 700–750 °C.
Ketene is thereafter reacted with Glacial Acetic Acid to obtain the anhydride:
CH3CO2H → CH2=C=O + H2O
CH3CO2H + CH2=C=O → (CH3CO)2O
Acetic anhydride is an acetylation agent.
As such, its major application is for cellulose acetate, a synthetic textile also used for photographic film.
Acetic anhydride is also a reagent for the production of heroin and other compounds.
Use as Solvent:
Glacial Acetic Acid is an excellent polar protic solvent, as noted above.
Glacial Acetic Acid is frequently used as a solvent for recrystallization to purify organic compounds.
Glacial Acetic Acid is used as a solvent in the production of terephthalic acid (TPA), the raw material for polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
In 2006, about 20% of acetic acid was used for TPA production.
Glacial Acetic Acid is often used as a solvent for reactions involving carbocations, such as Friedel-Crafts alkylation.
For example, one stage in the commercial manufacture of synthetic camphor involves a Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of camphene to isobornyl acetate; here acetic acid acts both as a solvent and as a nucleophile to trap the rearranged carbocation.
Glacial Acetic Acid is used in analytical chemistry for the estimation of weakly alkaline substances such as organic amides.
Glacial Acetic Acid is a much weaker base than water, so the amide behaves as a strong base in this medium.
Glacial Acetic Acid then can be titrated using a solution in glacial acetic acid of a very strong acid, such as perchloric acid.
Medical Use:
Glacial Acetic Acid injection into a tumor has been used to treat cancer since the 1800s.
Glacial Acetic Acid is used as part of cervical cancer screening in many areas in the developing world.
The acid is applied to the cervix and if an area of white appears after about a minute the test is positive.
Glacial Acetic Acid is an effective antiseptic when used as a 1% solution, with broad spectrum of activity against streptococci, staphylococci, pseudomonas, enterococci and others.
Glacial Acetic Acid may be used to treat skin infections caused by pseudomonas strains resistant to typical antibiotics.
While diluted Glacial Acetic Acid is used in iontophoresis, no high quality evidence supports this treatment for rotator cuff disease.
Reactions With Inorganic Compounds:
Glacial Acetic Acid is mildly corrosive to metals including iron, magnesium, and zinc, forming hydrogen gas and salts called acetates:
Mg + 2 CH3COOH → (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
Because aluminium forms a passivating acid-resistant film of aluminium oxide, aluminium tanks are used to transport acetic acid.
Metal acetates can also be prepared from acetic acid and an appropriate base, as in the popular "baking soda + vinegar" reaction:
NaHCO3 + CH3COOH → NaCH3COO + CO2 + H2O
A colour reaction for salts of Glacial Acetic Acid is iron(III) chloride solution, which results in a deeply red colour that disappears after acidification.
A more sensitive test uses lanthanum nitrate with iodine and ammonia to give a blue solution.
Acetates when heated with arsenic trioxide form cacodyl oxide, which can be detected by its malodorous vapours.
Other Derivatives:
Organic or inorganic salts are produced from acetic acid.
Some commercially significant derivatives:
*Sodium acetate, used in the textile industry and as a food preservative (E262).
*Copper(II) acetate, used as a pigment and a fungicide.
*Aluminium acetate and iron(II) acetate—used as mordants for dyes.
*Palladium(II) acetate, used as a catalyst for organic coupling reactions such as the Heck reaction.
Halogenated acetic acids are produced from acetic acid. Some commercially significant derivatives:
*Chloroacetic acid (monochloroacetic acid, MCA), dichloroacetic acid (considered a by-product), and trichloroacetic acid. MCA is used in the manufacture of indigo dye.
*Bromoacetic acid, which is esterified to produce the reagent ethyl bromoacetate.
*Trifluoroacetic acid, which is a common reagent in organic synthesis.
Amounts of acetic acid used in these other applications together account for another 5–10% of acetic acid use worldwide
Glacial Acetic Acid is commonly found in plants and animal organisms.
Glacial Acetic Acid can occur in either free state or in the form of esters and other compounds.
Glacial Acetic Acid can also be prepared industrially.
Glacial Acetic Acid is nothing but the concentrated form of acetic acid solution.
Glacial Acetic Acid has less than 1% of water content and is concentrated.
Whereas, Glacial Acetic Acid can form ice-like crystals.
Glacial Acetic Acid is obtained by dipping acetic acid solution in a “stalactite” of solid glacial acetic acid.
Glacial Acetic Acid is usually manufactured in a lab.
Glacial Acetic Acid is an excellent solvent for many organic compounds.
Glacial Acetic Acid is widely used in manufacturing either as starting material or as a solvent.
Glacial Acetic Acid is a simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.
Glacial Acetic Acid has a role as a protic solvent, a food acidity regulator, an antimicrobial food preservative and a Daphnia magna metabolite.
Glacial Acetic Acid is a conjugate acid of an acetate.
Glacial Acetic Acid, glacial appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong odor of vinegar. Flash point 104°F.
Glacial Acetic Acid's Density 8.8 lb / gal.
Glacial Acetic Acid is Corrosive to metals and tissue.
Glacial Acetic Acid is Used to make other chemicals, as a food additive, and in petroleum production.
Glacial Acetic Acid, more than 10% but not more than 80% acid appears as a colorless aqueous solution.
Glacial Acetic Acid Smells like vinegar.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
-Molecular Weight: 60.05
-XLogP3-AA: -0.2
-Exact Mass: 60.021129366
-Monoisotopic Mass: 60.021129366
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
-Physical Description: Glacial Acetic Acid, glacial appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong odor of vinegar.
-Color: Clear, colorless
-Form: liquid
-Odor: Sour, vinegar-like odor
-Taste: Burning taste
-Boiling Point: 117.9 °C
-Melting Point: 16.6 °C
-Flash Point: 39 °C
-Solubility: 16.65 M
-Density: 1.0446 g/cu cm
-Vapor Density: 2.07
-Viscosity: 1.056 mPa-s
-Heat of Combustion: 874.2 kJ/mol
Glacial Acetic Acid has a role as a protic solvent, a food acidity regulator, an antimicrobial food preservative and a Daphnia magna metabolite.
Glacial Acetic Acid is a conjugate acid of an acetate.
Glacial Acetic Acid, glacial appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong odor of vinegar. Flash point 104°F.
Glacial Acetic Acid's Density 8.8 lb / gal.
Glacial Acetic Acid is Corrosive to metals and tissue.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
-Heavy Atom Count: 4
-Formal Charge: 0
-Complexity: 31
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
-Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Glacial Acetic Acid is obtained by dipping acetic acid solution in a “stalactite” of solid glacial acetic acid.
Glacial Acetic Acid is usually manufactured in a lab.
Glacial Acetic Acid is an excellent solvent for many organic compounds.
Glacial Acetic Acid is widely used in manufacturing either as starting material or as a solvent.
Glacial Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) is the common name for ethanoic acid.
Glacial Acetic Acidis an organic chemical compound that has a distinctive pungent odor and sour flavor, recognizable as the scent and flavor of vinegar.
Glacial acetic acid is the anhydrous (undiluted or free of water) form of acetic acid.
Glacial Acetic Acid is considered an organic compound and has the chemical formula CH3COOH.
Glacial Acetic Acid is a simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.
Glacial Acetic Acid is Used to make other chemicals, as a food additive, and in petroleum production.
Glacial Acetic Acid, more than 10% but not more than 80% acid appears as a colorless aqueous solution.
Glacial Acetic Acid Smells like vinegar.
SYNONYMS:
Glacial Acetic Acid
acetic acid
ethanoic acid
64-19-7
Ethylic acid
Acetic acid, glacial
Glacial acetic acid
Methanecarboxylic acid
Acetic acid glacial
Vinegar acid
Acetasol
Essigsaeure
Acide acetique
Vinegar
Aci-jel
Azijnzuur
Acido acetico
Kyselina octova
Octowy kwas
Pyroligneous acid
HOAc
Azijnzuur
Ethanoic acid monomer
acetyl alcohol
Essigsaeure
ethoic acid
Otic Tridesilon
Octowy kwas
Otic Domeboro
Acetic acid
Acide acetique
Acido acetico
Kyselina octova
AcOH
Carboxylic acids, C2-3
methane carboxylic acid
CH3COOH
CH3-COOH
CH3CO2H
10.Methanecarboxylic acid
Ethanoat
C2:0
Perchloric acid solution
Aceticum acidum
Acetic acid, ACS reagent, >=99.7%
ACY
Acetic acid 0.25% in plastic container
Ethylate
acetic aicd
acetic-acid
Glacial acetate
acetic cid
actic acid
acetic -acid
Methanecarboxylate
Acetic acid, glacial [USP:JAN]
Nat. Acetic Acid
Acetasol (TN)
Acetic Acid Natural
Vinegar (Salt/Mix)
Acetic acid, propionic acid distillate
MeCO2H
Undiluted Acetic Acid
Oxytocin identification
3,3'-(1,4-phenylene)dipropiolic acid
HOOCCH3
Otic Domeboro (Salt/Mix)
Acetic acid, glacial (USP)
Buffer Solution, pH 4.64
4-02-00-00094 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Glacial acetic acid (JP17)
Acetic Acid Glacial HPLC Grade
Acetic acid solution, for HPLC
Acetic acid, analytical standard
Acetic acid, Glacial USP grade
TCLP extraction fluid 2 (Salt/Mix)
Acetic acid, for HPLC, >=99.8%
Buffer Solution (Acetate), pH 4.01
Acetic acid 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Buffer Solution (Acetate), pH 4.0-4.6
DB-085748
Acetic acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
Acetic acid, purified by double-distillation
Acetic acid, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.9%
