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Glycerine Monostearate E471, also known as monostearin, is a mixture of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate (C21H42O4), and glyceryl esters of fatty acids present in commercial stearic acid.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is prepared by glycerolysis of certain fats or oils that are derived from edible sources or by esterification, with glycerin, of stearic acid that is derived from edible sources.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 exists as three stereoisomers, the enantiomeric pair of 1-glycerol monostearate and 2-glycerol monostearate.
CAS: 31566-31-1
MF: C21H42O4
MW: 358.56
EINECS: 250-705-4
Synonyms
abracols.l.g.;admul;advawax140;2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate;Monostearin;D01947;Glyceryl monostearate (jp15/nf);Glycerol Monostearate HPMC;Glyceryl monostearate;123-94-4;Monostearin;31566-31-1;GLYCEROL MONOSTEARATE;Glyceryl stearate;Tegin;1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol;2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate;1-MONOSTEARIN;Glycerin 1-monostearate;Glycerol 1-monostearate;Glycerol 1-stearate;Stearin, 1-mono-;Stearic acid 1-monoglyceride;1-Glyceryl stearate;Glycerin 1-stearate;Sandin EU;1-Monostearoylglycerol;Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester;Aldo MSD;Aldo MSLG;Glyceryl 1-monostearate;Stearoylglycerol;alpha-Monostearin;Tegin 55G;Emerest 2407;Aldo 33;Aldo 75;Glycerin monostearate;Arlacel 165;3-Stearoyloxy-1,2-propanediol;11099-07-3;Cerasynt SD;.alpha.-Monostearin;Monoglyceryl stearate;Glycerol alpha-monostearate;Cefatin;Dermagine;Monelgin;Sedetine;Admul;Orbon;Citomulgan M;2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate;Drewmulse V;Cerasynt S;Drewmulse TP;Tegin 515;Cerasynt SE;Cerasynt WM;Cyclochem GMS;Drumulse AA;Protachem GMS;Witconol MS;Witconol MST;FEMA No. 2527;Glyceryl stearates;Monostearate (glyceride);Stearin, mono-;Unimate GMS;Glyceryl monooctadecanoate;Ogeen M;Emcol CA;Emcol MSK;Hodag GMS;Ogeen GRB;Ogeen MAV;Aldo MS;Aldo HMS;Armostat 801;Kessco 40;Stearic monoglyceride;Abracol S.L.G.;Arlacel 161;Arlacel 169;Imwitor 191;Imwitor 900K;NSC 3875;Atmul 67;Atmul 84;Starfol GMS 450;Starfol GMS 600;Starfol GMS 900;Cerasynt 1000-D;Emerest 2401;Aldo-28;Aldo-72;Atmos 150;Atmul 124;Estol 603;Ogeen 515;Tegin 503;Grocor 5500;Grocor 6000;Glycerol stearate, pure;Stearic acid alpha-monoglyceride;Cremophor gmsk;Glyceryl 1-octadecanoate;Cerasynt-sd;Lonzest gms;Cutina gms;Lipo GMS 410;Lipo GMS 450;Lipo GMS 600;glycerol stearate;1-MONOSTEAROYL-rac-GLYCEROL;Nikkol mgs-a;Glyceryl monopalmitostearate;USAF KE-7;1-octadecanoyl-rac-glycerol;EMUL P.7;22610-63-5;EINECS 204-664-4;EINECS 245-121-1;Stearic acid, monoester with glycerol;Glycerol .alpha.-monostearate;Glyceroli monostearas;Glycerol monostearate, purified;Imwitor 491;Octadecanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol;Sorbon mg-100;Cithrol gms 0400;UNII-258491E1RZ;NSC3875;1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol (90%);Stearic acid .alpha.-monoglyceride;(1)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate;MONOSTEARIN (L);NSC-3875;1-Monooctadecanoylglycerol;EINECS 250-705-4;1,2,3-Propanetriol monooctadecanoate;GLYCERYL 1-STEARATE;AI3-00966;MG(18:0/0:0/0:0)[rac];85666-92-8;DTXSID7029160;CHEBI:75555;EC 250-705-4;GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE 40-50;MFCD00036186;Octadecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol;258491E1RZ;1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol (90per cent);83138-62-9;NCGC00164529-01;(+/-)-2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL OCTADECANOATE;DTXCID909160;(R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate;Celinhol - A;CAS-123-94-4;Myvaplex 600;rac-Glycerol 1-stearate;C21H42O4;UNII-230OU9XXE4;1-Monooctadecanoyl-rac-glycerol;Celinhol-A;Glyceryl monostearate [JAN:NF];MG 18:0;(+/-)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate; 1-Glyceryl stearate; 1-Monooctadecanoylglycerol; 1;-Monostearin;Eastman 600;1-O-stearoylglycerol;1-octadecanoylglycerol;rac-octadecanoylglycerol;glycerol 1-octadecanoate;rac-glyceryl monostearate;Glycerol .alpha.-sterate;rac-1-monostearoylglycerol;DSSTox_CID_9160;Monoglycerides, c16-18;(+-)-1-stearoylglycerol;SCHEMBL4488;(+-)-glyceryl monostearate;Geleol mono and diglycerides;DSSTox_RID_78757;DSSTox_GSID_29304;(+-)-1-monostearoylglycerol;(+-)-1-octadecanoylglycerol;Glycerides, C16-18 mono-;Glycerol monostearate 40-55;GLYCERYL STEARATE (II);230OU9XXE4;CHEMBL255696;2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate #;DTXSID7027968;CHEBI:75557;GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE (II);Glyceryl monostearate (JP17/NF);1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol, >=99%;MAG 18:0;EINECS 238-880-5;EINECS 293-208-8;Tox21_112160;Tox21_202573;Tox21_301104;LMGL01010003;rac-2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate;AKOS015901589;Tox21_112160_1;1ST2017;DB11250;(+-)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate;NCGC00164529-02;NCGC00164529-03;NCGC00164529-04;NCGC00255004-01;NCGC00260122-01;Octadecanoic acid,3-dihydroxypropyl ester;1,2,3-Propanetriol 1-octadecanoyl ester;BS-50505;CAS-11099-07-3;G0085;NS00006688;Octadecanoic acid, 2.3-dihydroxypropyl ester;1ST2017-100;D01947;EC 293-208-8;F71433;S-7950;SBI-0654053.0001;A903419;SR-01000944874;Q-201168;Q5572563;SR-01000944874-1;W-110285;BRD-A31454688-001-01-6;1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol Solution in Toluene, 100mug/mL;Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (+/-)-;Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (A+/-)-;()-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate; 1-Glyceryl stearate; 1-Monooctadecanoylglycerol; 1-;Monostearin;InChI=1/C21H42O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-21(24)25-19-20(23)18-22/h20,22-23H,2-19H2,1H
Typically these are encountered as a mixture as many of their properties are similar.
Commercial material used in foods is produced industrially by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (from either vegetable or animal fats) and glycerol.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 occurs naturally in the body as a product of the breakdown of fats by pancreatic lipase.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is present at very low levels in certain seed oils.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is a wax that is located in dozens of personal care products, including moisturizers, eye cream, sunscreen, makeup and hand creams.
Direct Chems provide GMS which is in pearl form and can be used as a viscosity enhancer adding emollient properties which makes skin softer and supple.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 also acts as a fast penetrating emollient which helps retain hydration, lubricate, condition and soften skin.
They slow loss of moisture so is ideal when adding to natural formulations.
The presence of Glycerine Monostearate E471 enables other ingredients in the formulation to continue functioning effectively in order to excel their beneficial properties by extending shelf life, preventing products from freezing and developing crusts on the surface.
One important factor is Glycerine Monostearate E471 allows oils to be added to products but decreases the greasiness so the final product is a smooth, creamy texture.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is a waxy ingredient that is obtained from coconuts, palm kernels, or olives.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is usually pale yellow or white in color.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is used in skin care and cosmetic products because of its great moisturizing properties.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 traps moisture on the skin and hair to prevent dehydration and damage.
Moreover, Glycerine Monostearate E471 also binds other ingredients together in a formulation.
Further, Glycerine Monostearate E471 is mildly comedogenic and may cause acne on some skin types.
The chemical formula of Glycerine Monostearate E471 is C21H42O4.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 78-81 °C
Boiling point: 410.96°C (rough estimate)
Density: 0.9700
Refractive index: 1.4400 (estimate)
Fp: >500
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Store in freezer, under -20°C
Solubility: Soluble in hot ethanol, ether, chloroform, hot acetone, mineral oil, and fixed oils.
Practically insoluble in water, but may be dispersed in water with the aid of a small amount of soap or other surfactant.
Form: Powder
Color: Pure-white or cream-colored, wax-like solid
Odor: faint odor
Water Solubility: Soluble in hot organic solvents.Soluble in hot water.
Slightly soluble in ethanol. Insoluble in aliphatic solvents.
Merck: 14,4489
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3; TWA 3 mg/m3
InChI: InChI=1S/C21H42O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-21(24)25-19-20(23)18-22/h20,22-23H,2-19H2,1H3
InChIKey: VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 31566-31-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Glycerine Monostearate E471 (31566-31-1)
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is waxy to the touch and has a slight, mild fatty odor and taste The USP describes glyceryl monostearate as consisting of not less than 90% of monoglycerides, chiefy glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate.
While the names Glycerine Monostearate E471 and mono- and diglycerides are used for a variety of esters of long-chain fatty acids, the esters fall into two distinct grades:
40–55 percent monoglycerides The PhEur 6.0 describes glyceryl monostearate 40–55 as a mixture of monoacylglycerols, mostly monostearoylglycerol, together with quantities of di- and triacylglycerols.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 contains 40–55% of monoacylglycerols, 30–45% of diacylglycerols, and 5–15% of triacylglycerols.
This PhEur grade corresponds to mono- and di-glycerides USP– NF, which has similar specifications (not less than 40% monoglycerides).
90 percent monoglycerides The USP32–NF27 describes Glycerine Monostearate E471 as consisting of not less than 90% of monoglycerides of saturated fatty acids, chiefly glyceryl monostearate (C21H42O4) and glyceryl monopalmitate (C19H38O4).
The commercial products are mixtures of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is a white to cream-colored, wax-like solid in the form of beads, flakes, or powder.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is waxy to the touch and has a slight fatty odor and taste.
Uses
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is an emulsifier that helps form neutral, stable emulsions.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is also a solvent, humectant, and consistency regulator in water-in-oil and oil-in-water formulations.
In addition, Glycerine Monostearate E471 can be used as a skin lubricant and imparts a pleasant skin feel.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is a mixture of mono-, di-, and triglycerides of palmitic and stearic acids, and is made from glycerin and stearic fatty acids.
Derived for cosmetic use from palm kernel or soy oil, Glycerine Monostearate E471 is also found in the human body.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is very mild with a low skin-irritation profile; however, a slight risk of irritation exists if products contain poor quality glyceryl stearate.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is also known as monostearin, is a mixture of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monopalmitate, and glyceryl esters of fatty acids present in commercial stearic acid.
Is prepared by glycerolysis of certain fats or oils that are derived from edible sources or by esterification, with glycerin, of stearic acid that is derived from edible sources.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is a surfactant used in a variety of markets.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is a glycerol ester made from soybean oil derived fatty acid.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 finds uses in both food and cosmetic applications.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is a self emulsifying nonionic surfactant, used as a lubricant in confectionery, as a release agent and as a dough softener.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is used as a low HLB emulsifier in personal care products where non animal grade products are needed.
Commercially, Glycerine Monostearate E471 is synthesized from mono triglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides of palmitic acid and stearic acid.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is often used as an emulsifier to stabilize the product and prevent separation.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is found in many personal care products such as moisturizers, eye creams, sunscreens, cosmetics, and hand creams.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is also used as a preservative.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is widely used in cosmetics.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is an emulsifying and solubilizing ingredient, dispersing agent, emollient, formula stabilizer, and surface-action agent.
Employed in baby creams, face masks, foundation, and hand lotions, Glycerine Monostearate E471 is often derived from hydrogenated soybean oil.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 has little or no G toxicity.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anticaking, and preservative agent; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents; a protective coating for hygroscopic powders; a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals; and a resin lubricant.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is also used in cosmetics and hair-care products.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is largely used in baking preparations to add "body" to the food.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is somewhat responsible for giving ice cream and whipped cream their smooth texture.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is sometimes used as an antistaling agent in bread.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 can also be used as an additive in plastic, where GMS works as an antistatic and antifogging agent.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is common in food packaging.
Pharmaceutical Applications
The many varieties of glyceryl monostearate are used as nonionic emulsifiers, stabilizers, emollients, and plasticizers in a variety of food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 acts as an effective stabilizer, that is, as a mutual solvent for polar and nonpolar compounds that may form water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions.
These properties also make Glycerine Monostearate E471 useful as a dispersing agent for pigments in oils or solids in fats, or as a solvent for phospholipids, such as lecithin.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 has also been used in a novel fluidized hot-melt granulation technique for the production of granules and tablets.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is a lubricant for tablet manufacturing and may be used to form sustained-release matrices for solid dosage forms.
Sustained-release applications include the formulation of pellets for tablets or suppositories, and the preparation of a veterinary bolus.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 has also been used as a matrix ingredient for a biodegradable, implantable, controlledrelease dosage form.
When using Glycerine Monostearate E471 in a formulation, the possibility of polymorph formation should be considered.
The aform is dispersible and foamy, useful as an emulsifying agent or preservative.
The denser, more stable, b-form is suitable for wax matrices.
This application has been used to mask the flavor of clarithromycin in a pediatric formulation.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 provides multiple benefits for the skin and hair.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is why it is used in thousands of cosmetic, skin care, and hair care products such as skin cleansers, foundations, eyeliners, and shampoos.
Skin care: Glycerine Monostearate E471 is a humectant that draws water to the top most layer of the skin and binds it there to provide intense hydration.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 also acts as a thickener to maintain the texture and spreadability of the products.
Hair care: Glycerine Monostearate E471 is used to bring luster and shine to the shafts by bringing back the lost water content.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 also has foaming properties that make it a great choice for products such as shampoos.
Cosmetic products: Glycerine Monostearate E471 acts as a surfactant.
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is a good preservative that keeps cosmetic products from going bad by increasing their shelf life.
Cosmetics with Glycerine Monostearate E471 do not dry easily and provide hydration to the skin.
Production Methods
Glycerine Monostearate E471 is prepared by the reaction of glycerin with triglycerides from animal or vegetable sources, producing a mixture of monoglycerides and diglycerides.
The diglycerides may be further reacted to produce the 90% monoglyceride grade.
Another process involves reaction of glycerol with stearoyl chloride.
The starting materials are not pure substances and therefore the products obtained from the processes contain a mixture of esters, including palmitate and oleate.
Consequently, the composition, and therefore the physical properties, of glyceryl monostearate may vary considerably depending on the manufacturer.
