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GLYCEROL ESTER OF WOOD ROSIN

C.A.S. number: 8050-30-4
Molecular Weight: 376.5
Molecular Formula: C23H36O4

IUPAC Name: 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (1S,4aR,4bS)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate
FEMA Number: 4226

Glycerol ester of wood rosin, also known as glyceryl abietate or ester gum, is an oil-soluble food additive (E number E445). 
The food-grade material is used in foods, beverages, and cosmetics to keep oils in suspension in water, and its name may be shortened in the ingredient list as glycerol ester of rosin. 
Glycerol ester of wood rosin is also used as an ingredient in the production of chewing-gum and ice cream. 
Similar, less pure materials (glycerol ester of gum rosin) are used as a component of certain low-cost adhesives.

To make the glycerol ester of wood rosin, refined wood rosin is reacted with glycerin to produce the glycerol ester.

Glycerol ester of wood rosin is an alternative to brominated vegetable oil in citrus oil-flavored soft drinks. 
In some cases, both ingredients are used together.


Glycerol ester of wood rosin (GEWR) is an oil-soluble food additive also known as glyceryl abeitate or ester gum. 
Glycerol ester of wood rosin is most commonly used to keep oils in suspension in water.

Glycerol ester of gum rosin is not the same as GEWR as it is produced differently and does not have the same level of scientific and regulatory approval as GEWR.

Glycerol ester of wood rosin is harvested from the stumps of longleaf (pinus palustris) and slash (pinus elliottii) pine trees and purified into a beverage-grade weighting agent.
Refined wood rosin (ester gum) is reacted with food grade glycerin to produce the glycerol ester.


Glycerol ester of wood rosin acts as a stabilizer in some foods and a thickening agent in others.
Glycerol ester of wood rosin is a food-grade material used in foods, beverages, and cosmetics to keep oils in suspension in water.


Foods and beverages that contain glycerol ester of wood rosin include fruit and citrus flavored sodas, lemonades, vitamin-enhanced waters, sports drinks, chewing gum, fruit coatings and confectionary inks.

Glycerol ester of wood rosin increases the shelf life and stability of finished beverages.

Glycerol of wood rosin acts as a stabilizer and thickening agent in foods and beverages, allowing for stable products and consistent textures.


Glycerol ester of wood rosin is derived from the stumps of pine trees originally harvested for other uses. 
Because this repurposes tree materials that would’ve otherwise gone to waste, it is a renewable source and cuts down on unnecessary waste. 
By removing the tree stumps from the land prior to replanting it makes reforesting faster, easier and improves future growth for landowners. 
Combined with sustainable harvesting practices, this assures that wildlife has a stable ecosystem and increases amount of carbon that can be trapped, thus slowing climate change.


Glycerol ester of wood rosin is economical and effective in use because it is an easily accessible ingredient. 
Glycerol ester of wood rosin also provides food with a longer shelf-life.


Glycerol ester of wood rosin was originally approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in beverages in the early 1960’s. 
Glycerol ester of wood rosins uses have since expanded.

Glycerol esters of resin acids of wood rosins used as food additives in beverages and chewing gum are those prepared from wood rosin that is harvested from the stumps of the longleaf pine  (Pinus palustris) and purified to a beverage-grade ester gum. 
The resin acid composition of wood rosin can vary considerably; however, the main resin acids in ester gum are abietic acids, with smaller contents of dehydroabietic and neoabietic acids; pimaric acids, including isopimaric and sandaracopimaric acids; and palustric acid. 
The toxicology of glycerol esters of wood rosins harvested from the stumps of the pine tree is different from that of glycerol esters from tall-oil and gums, which are not used for the preparation of food additives.


Glycerol esters of rosin, commonly known as ester gums, are highly versatile resins used in adhesives, coatings, inks, and other markets. 
Their unique functionality has led to specialized food applications in beverages and chewing gum.

An interesting example is the use of glycerol ester of wood rosin (GEWR) as a beverage-weighting agent (BWA) for citrus-flavored beverages. 
This application was created by a long-term cooperative approach with beverage customers and regulatory agencies. 
Food applications require rigorous testing to demonstrate safety and compliance with all global standards. 
The safety of GEWR was originally established by rigorous toxicological testing and has been further proven by five decades of global use in beverage production. 
Active support of the regulatory process has demonstrated an ongoing commitment to product safety that’s a global expectation of consumers for all food additive manufacturers.

Scientific opinions by the European Food Safety Authority in 2010 and 2018 reiterated that a valid safety assessment of glycerol esters of rosin in food applications should consider species-specific differences and require appropriate compositional and toxicological data. 
The approval of the original GEWR, which is derived from longleaf and slash pines, was based on this foundation of testing that ensures food additive safety.


Wood rosin is the natural resin produced by the solvent extraction of aged pine stumps followed by a liquid-liquid solvent refining process. 
This technology was developed in the first half of the 20th century. 
The feedstock is stump wood from longleaf (Pinus palustris) and slash (Pinus elliottii) pines grown in the southeastern United States. 
These stumps are left in the ground after harvesting of the pine trees for other uses and are a renewable resource. 
The refining process produces rosin of highly consistent quality, meeting purity specifications required by numerous end-use applications.

GEWR is produced by the reaction of food-grade glycerine with refined wood rosin at temperatures in the 260-280°C range. 
After the required acid number range has been reached, the product is purified by countercurrent steam stripping.

The above definition of GEWR is based entirely on the original wood rosin process that has been in continuous operation to this day. 
Glycerol ester of wood rosins approval for use in beverages was the basis for the successful development and approval of GEWR as a beverage-weighting agent.

The wood rosin purification process was developed specifically for the longleaf/slash crude rosin originating in the southeastern United States. 
Since the extractives in pine stump wood have a wide range of structures and polarity, the composition of the wood rosin product will depend on the specific pine species and the extraction and refining solvents chosen—in other words, the pine species and extraction process determine the chemical identity of the rosin, which means the process for any new GEWR needs to be well defined, thoroughly documented, and understood by the regulatory authorities.


Glycerol ester of wood rosin (GEWR), also known as ester gum, commonly used as a weighting agent or an alternative to brominated vegetable oil in citrus-flavored beverages, also functions as a softener in chewing gum. 
The European food additive number for it is E445.


A complex ingredient mainly made of tri- and diglycerol esters of resin acids from wood rosin, and may also contain a small fraction of glycerol monoesters, free resin acids and neutrals (non-acidic compounds).


Glycerol ester of wood rosin is produced by the esterification from wood rosin and glycerol. 
There are two manufacturing processes for the purification of the wood rosin ester, depending on the purpose of uses, purified by steam stripping when used in chewing gum, or purified by counter-current steam distillation if used in adjusting the density of citrus oils for beverages.


Glycerol ester of wood rosin consists of approximately 90% resin acids (mainly of abietic acid) and 10% neutrals (non-acidic compounds). 


Wood rosin can be either sourced from Pinus palustris (longleaf pine) and Pinus Elliottii (slash pine) stumps. 
Wood rosin is different with gum rosin, which is an exudate of living pine trees, has a similar component with wood gum; also different with tall oil rosin, which is a by-product of kraft (paper) pulp processing.


Food grade ester gum can be used as a chewing gum base component and an emulsifier or stabilizer/density adjustment agent for flavouring oils in beverages.
Sometimes, its name may be shortened as glycerol ester of rosin in the ingredient list.


Glycerol ester of rosin, also known as glyceryl abietate or ester gum, is an oil-soluble food additive. 
The food-grade material is used in foods, beverages, and cosmetics (depilatory-hair removal wax) to keep oils in suspension in water, and its name may be shortened in the ingredient list as glycerol ester of rosin. 
It is also used as an ingredient in the production of chewing-gum and ice cream. 
Similar, less pure materials (glycerol ester of gum rosin) are used as a component of certain low-cost adhesives.

To make the glycerol ester of wood rosin, refined wood rosin is reacted with glycerin to produce the glycerol ester.

Glycerol ester of rosin is an alternative to brominated vegetable oil in citrus oil-flavored soft drinks. 
In some cases, both ingredients are used together.

A glycerol ester typically has an acid value below 20. 
The type of alcohol chosen is key to determining the molecular weight of the rosin ester and its softening point. 
A typical softening point for glycerol esters is 85°C.


Glycerol ester of wood rosin is a complex mixture of tri- and diglycerol esters of resin acids from wood rosin obtained by the solvent extraction of aged pine stumps followed by a liquid-liquid solvent refining process. 
The refined wood rosin is composed of approximately 90% resin acids and 10% neutrals (non-acidic compounds). 
The resinacid fraction is a complex mixture of isomeric diterpenoid monocarboxylic acids having the typical empirical formula C20H30O2, of which the main component is abietic acid.
The substance is purified by steam stripping or by countercurrent steam distillation.
These specifications do not cover substances derived from gum rosin, an exudate of living pine trees, and substances derived from tall oil rosin, a by-product of kraft (paper) pulp processing. 


Functions:

1. Binder / Stabilizer - Retains the physical characteristics of food/cosmetics and ensure the mixture remains in an even state.

2. Emulsifier - Allows water and oils to remain mixed together to form an emulsion, such as in mayonnaise, ice cream, and homogenized milk

3. Gelling Agent / Thickener - Increases the viscosity by thickening the liquid to give it more texture

Glycerol ester of wood rosin, also known as glyceryl abietate or ester gum, is an oil-soluble food additive (E445). 
The food-grade material is used in foods, beverages, and cosmetics to keep oils in suspension in water, and its name may be shortened in the ingredient list as glycerol ester of rosin. 
It is also used as an ingredient in the production of chewing-gum and ice cream.
Glycerol ester of wood rosin is an alternative to brominated vegetable oil in citrus oil-flavored soft drinks. 
In some cases both ingredients are used together.
It is approved to use as food additive in EU and US.


Glycerol ester of wood rosin, also known as glyceryl abietate or ester gum, is an oil-soluble food additive -E number E445-. 
The food-grade material is used in foods, beverages, and cosmetics to keep oils in suspension in water, and its name may be shortened in the ingredient list as glycerol ester of rosin. 
Glycerol ester of wood rosin is also used as an ingredient in the production of chewing-gum and ice cream. 
Similar, less pure materials -glycerol ester of gum rosin- are used as a component of certain low-cost adhesives.
To make the glycerol ester of wood rosin, refined wood rosin is reacted with glycerin to produce the glycerol ester. 
Glycerol ester of wood rosin is an alternative to brominated vegetable oil in citrus oil-flavored soft drinks. 
In some cases, both ingredients are used together. 


Ester of wood rosin, or ester gum, is a food additive in many fruit juices and sodas. 
The substance is acidic and acts as a stabilizer or a thickening agent for certain foods and drinks. 
Produced from tree stumps, ester of wood rosin has shown no major health effects in small quantities.


Fruit drinks and fruit sodas commonly use fruit oils to achieve a more robust natural flavor. 
However, fruit oil is unable to remain mixed with a water-based carbonated soda or fruit juice.
Glycerol is added to ester of wood rosin to create glycerol ester of wood rosin, which acts as an emulsifier. 
The new substance lightly thickens the beverage to suspend the fruit oils homogeneously.


Wood rosin is a substance extracted from the stump of the long-leaf pine tree. 
Long-leaf pine trees are commonly found in the southeastern United States. 
The rosin is a dense substance that contains several different harmless abietic acids. 
Wood rosin is combined with several other substances to create ester gum, which is also referred to as the ester of wood rosin. 
Ester gum acts as a thickening agent and can commonly be found in ice cream and chewing gum.


Glycerol ester of wood rosin, also known as glyceryl abietate or ester gum, is an oil-soluble food additive (E number E445). 
The food-grade material is used in foods, beverages, and cosmetics to keep oils in suspension in water, and its name may be shortened in the ingredient list as glycerol ester of rosin. 
Glycerol ester of wood rosin is also used as an ingredient in the production of chewing-gum and ice cream. 
Similar, less pure materials (glycerol ester of gum rosin) are used as a component of certain low-cost adhesives.


Glycerol Esters of Wood Rosin (Ester Gum) is a food additive that is used as an emulsifier and stabilizer, to keep oils in suspension in water. 
This product appears as a yellow to amber hard rosin. 
Glycerol ester of wood rosin serves as a natural alternative to brominated vegetable oil, particularly in citrus-flavored soft drinks.

Glycerol esters of wood rosin, usually known as ester gums, are profoundly flexible gums utilized in inks, types of cement, coatings, and different business sectors. 
Their extraordinary usefulness has prompted particular food applications in drinks and biting gum.

This application was made by a drawn-out agreeable methodology with drink clients and administrative offices. 
Food applications require thorough testing to exhibit wellbeing and consistency with every worldwide norm. 
The wellbeing of GEWR was initially settled by thorough toxicological testing and has been additionally demonstrated by fifty years of worldwide use in drink creation. 
Dynamic help of the administrative cycle has shown a continuous duty to item security that is a worldwide desire for buyers for all food added substance producers. 
The endorsement of the first GEWR, which is gotten from longleaf and cut pines, depended on this establishment of testing that guarantees food added substance wellbeing.

Potable Weighting Agent Technology
Numerous citrus-enhanced refreshments are emulsions of flavor oils in water. 
These beverages are actually testing, requiring the creation of emulsions stable as concentrate, syrup, and weakened refreshment over a scope of the capacity and dealing with conditions. 
Refreshment shakiness brings about oil beads relocating to the outside of the fluid with unwanted impacts on taste and appearance. 
Emulsion solidness requires both an emulsifier and a BWA, with the BWA, used to expand the thickness of the scattered flavor oil stage, in this manner diminishing the thickness distinction between the oil and watery stages and upgrading strength.

Glycerol esters of wood rosin are the most popular and most regularly utilized weighting specialists in the refreshment business. 
There are two unmistakable sorts available: GEWR, GEGR. This adaptable tar, in view of a characteristic and sustainable feedstock, has incredible solvency in basic oils. 
A broad cycle of use advancement and item wellbeing testing built up GEWR as the prevalent refreshment weighting operator in the market. 
GEGR has followed in the strides of GEWR trying to pick up a similar broad market acknowledgment.

GEWR vs GEGR
Glycerol esters of wood rosin are utilized to change the properties of differing definitions in inks, food, glues, and coatings applications. 
Their expansive similarity and dissolvability support utilize in a wide cluster of business sectors.
Rosins got from various pine species can shift broadly regarding the arrangement and physical properties, for example, softening point, causing execution variations in some end employments. 
In spite of the fact that GEWR and GEGR are utilized in a considerable lot of similar business sectors, they are not tradable in all applications. 
GEGR generally has been more affordable than GEWR yet is restricted by less far-reaching administrative endorsements in zones, for example, refreshments.

GEWR: Wood rosin is the regular pitch created by the dissolvable extraction of matured pine stumps followed by a fluid dissolvable refining measure. 
This innovation was created in the primary portion of the twentieth century. The feedstock is stump wood from longleaf and slice pines developed in the U.S. 
The refining cycle produces rosin of profoundly predictable quality, meeting virtue particulars required by various end-use applications.

The above meaning of GEWR depends completely on the first wood rosin measure that has been in ceaseless activity right up ’til today. 
Its endorsement for use in drinks was the reason for the effective turn of events and endorsement of GEWR as a refreshment weighting operator. 
The wood rosin filtration measure was grown explicitly for the longleaf/cut rough rosin starting in the southeastern United States.

GEGR: 
It is created by tapping living pine trees. 
The oleoresin exudate is gathered, separated, and refined to eliminate turpentine. 
This rosin is sourced from an assortment of pine animal types in different nations. 
GEGR is created in a way like GEWR, despite the fact that assembling cycles and last item structure may change altogether relying upon the provider.

The utilization of GEGR as a drink weighting specialist has been muddled by inadequate compositional and toxicological information. 
Understanding the organization of a characteristic crude material like rosin is basic so as to satisfy administrative guidelines.


Glycerol ester of wood rosin, also known as glyceryl abietate or ester gum, is an oil-soluble food additive (E number E445).
The food-grade material is used in foods, beverages, and cosmetics to keep oils in suspension in water, and its name may be shortened in the ingredient list as glycerol ester of rosin. 
It is also used as an ingredient in the production of chewing-gum and ice cream. 
Similar, less pure materials (glycerol ester of gum rosin) are used as a component of certain low-cost adhesives.

To make the glycerol ester of wood rosin, refined wood rosin is reacted with glycerin to produce the glycerol ester.

Glycerol ester of wood rosin is an alternative to brominated vegetable oil in citrus oil-flavored soft drinks. 
In some cases, both ingredients are used together.

A perplexing fixing essentially made of tri-and diglycerol esters of sap acids from wood rosin, and may likewise contain a little portion of glycerol monoesters, free sap acids, and neutrals (non-acidic mixes). 

Glycerol ester of wood rosin is delivered by the esterification from wood rosin and glycerol. 
There are two assembling measures for the refinement of the wood rosin ester, contingent upon the motivation behind utilizations, decontaminated by steam stripping when utilized in biting gum, or filtered by counter-current steam refining whenever utilized in altering the thickness of citrus oils for refreshments. 


Glycerol ester of wood rosin is the overall name of different rosins esterified with glycerol, for example, glycerol ester of gum rosin, glycerol ester of tall oil rosin, glycerol ester of incompletely hydrogenated gum or wood rosin, etc.
They are endorsed safe by the FDA as a food added substance.


Glycerol ester of wood rosin (GEWR) is a complex mixture of glycerol di- and tri- esters of resin acids from wood rosin, with a residual fraction of glycerol monoesters.
Besides these esters, GEWR also contains neutrals (non-acidic saponifiable and unsaponifiable substances) and residual free resin acids. 
Wood rosin is obtained by the solvent extraction of aged pine stumps (Pinus palustris (longleaf) and Pinus elliottii (slash) species) followed by a liquid-liquid solvent refining process. 
The resin acid fraction of the wood rosin is a complex mixture of isomeric diterpenoid monocarboxylic acids having the typical empirical formula C20H30O2, of which the main component is abietic acid. 
The refined wood rosin is esterified with a food-grade glycerol to produce GEWR.


Rosin is a natural product derived from pine trees and consists of a complex mixture of mutually soluble organic compounds. 
Rosins are produced commercially by one of the following three methods: solvent extraction of aged and ground pine stumps (wood rosin), extraction of crude tall oil as a byproduct of the Kraft pulping process for making paper followed by acidification and fractional distillation (tall oil rosin) and, tapping the living tree to collect oleoresin followed by distillation to yield turpentine and a resinous substance (gum rosin). 
Because, gum, tall oil and wood rosins are obtained from pine trees, they are similar in composition. 
All rosins consist of free organic acids, called resin acids, as well as non-acidic saponifiable and unsaponifiable substances (neutrals). 
The composition can vary with the source of the pine tree and processing conditions.
The glycerol esters of rosins are formed by the esterification of the source rosin (gum, tall oil or wood) with glycerol under inert atmosphere and at high temperatures resulting in either glycerol ester of gum rosin (GEGR), glycerol ester of tall oil rosin (GETOR) or glycerol ester of wood rosin (GEWR).


GEWR is a hard, yellow to pale amber-coloured solid material. GEWR is soluble in acetone but is insoluble in water. 
The Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS) Registry number assigned to GEWR is 8050-30-4. 


Wood rosin is obtained by the solvent extraction of aged pine stumps followed by a liquid-liquid solvent refining process to separate undesirable substances and further standardize the final raw material to help assure consistency and compositional purity. 
The refined wood rosin is composed of approximately 90% resin acids and approximately 10% neutrals.


Refined wood rosin is pumped into a batch-type reactor, and esterified with food-grade glycerol. 
The reaction is allowed to proceed until samples of esterified material meet the desired product specifications (e.g., acid number, color, and softening point). 
The GEWR is then purified with steam stripping or by direct countercurrent steam distillation. 
After cooling, the GEWR is subjected to filtration, and the hot resin is fed into a pastilles-making unit and cooled to room temperature. 
The purified GEWR pastilles are freshly packed into plastic bags, which are immediately sealed to protect against ageing and oxidation.


GEWR is used as an emulsifier/density adjustment agent for flavouring oils in beverages. 
Beverage emulsions consist of a continuous aqueous phase in which a discontinuous oil phase is dispersed in the form of microscopic droplets. 
They are characterized as oil-in-water emulsions, typically having an opaque or cloudy appearance. 
This appearance is typically associated by the consumer with that of natural fruit juice. 
Beverage emulsions are thermodynamically unstable two-phase systems that have a tendency to separate into two immiscible liquids. 
One of the approaches used to control the beverage emulsion stability is to minimize the density contrast between the oil phase and the aqueous phase with the use of “weighting” agents. 
Weighting agents, such as GEWR, are typically lipophilic components that serve to increase the density of the oil phase. 
GEWR is also used in chewing gum base as a plasticizing agent.

Glycerol ester of wood rosin, also known as glyceryl abietate or ester gum, is an oil-soluble food additive (E number E445). 
The food-grade material is used in foods, beverages, and cosmetics to keep oils in suspension in water, and its name may be shortened in the ingredient list as glycerol ester of rosin. 
Glycerol ester of wood rosin is also used as an ingredient in the production of chewing-gum and ice cream. 
Similar, less pure materials (glycerol ester of gum rosin) are used as a component of certain low-cost adhesives.

To make the glycerol ester of wood rosin, refined wood rosin is reacted with glycerin to produce the glycerol ester.

Glycerol ester of wood rosin is an alternative to brominated vegetable oil in citrus oil-flavored soft drinks. 
In some cases, both ingredients are used together.

Glycerin Ester of Polymerized Rosin (Polymerized Ester Gum) is a kind of light yellow transparent solid which is esterified with refined special grade polymerized rosin and food grade glycerin.

Used as basic material for gum base with the property of easily becoming bubble and resisting chewing. 
Glycerol ester of wood rosin can act as anti-oxidant and keeping soft and with good taste in bubble gum and chewing gum. 
Glycerol ester of wood rosin can be also used as emulsification stabilizer in soft drinks.

SYNONYMS:

GLYCEROL ESTER OF ROSIN

Abietic acid glycerol ester

8050-30-4

Glyceryl 1-abietate

8050-31-5

186374-50-5

2,3-dihydroxypropyl (1R,4aR,4bR,10aR)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate

GLYCEROL ESTER OF ROSIN

Glycerol 1-abietate

Rosin ester with glycerol

Ester gum

Foral 85

Rosin, glycerin ester

Rosin, glycerol ester

Rosin, glycerol resin

Rosin, glycerine ester

Abietic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester

Glycerol, rosin polymer

Gum rosin, glyceryl ester

Resin acids and Rosin acids, esters with glycerol

UNII-SD112V492J

DTXSID80171888

SD112V492J

EINECS 232-482-5

Podocarpa-7,13-dien-15-oic acid, 13-isopropyl-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester

Disproportionated rosin, glycerol ester

Glycerol ester of disproportionated rosin

1-Phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,10,10a-decahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (1R,4aR,4br,10aR)-

1-Phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,10,10a-decahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (1R-(1alpha,4abeta,4balpha,10aalpha))-(partial)-

EC 232-482-5

Glycerinrosinester,Natural,meetsFGspecifications

Q27272280

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