PRODUCTS

GLYCEROL MONOSTEARATE (GMS)

Glycerol monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier in foods.
Glycerol monostearate takes the form of a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic.
Chemically glycerol monostearate is the glycerol ester of stearic acid.
Glycerol monostearate is also used as hydration powder in exercise formulas.

CAS: 123-94-4
European Community (EC) Number: 250-705-4

IUPAC Name: 2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate

Molecular Formula: C21H42O4
Molecular Weight: 358.6 g/mol

Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol and toluene at 50 °C
Acid Value: Not more than 6

Glycerol monostearate is a fatty acid ester seen in food, cosmetics, and beauty products (hair and skin) for various uses, including as a: thickening agent, emulsifier, anti-sticking agent, dispersing agent, solvent, greasing agent, and perfume dilutant.
Glycerol monostearate is a Glyceryl Ester; Glyceryl Monostearate specifically occurs naturally in the body and fatty foods and is formed during the breakdown of fats in the body.

When applied topically, its Glycerol constituent makes Glyceryl Stearate a fast-penetrating emollient that helps create a protective barrier on the skin's surface.
This helps retain hydration and slow the loss of moisture.
This reduced rate of water evaporation helps to lubricate, condition, soften, and smooth the skin.
Glycerol monostearate's protective properties extend to its antioxidant qualities, which help protect the skin against damage caused by free radicals.

When added to natural formulations, Glycerol monostearate has stabilizing effects on the final product, which means it helps the other ingredients in the formulation continue functioning effectively to exhibit their beneficial properties.
In this way, Glycerol monostearate helps to balance the product’s pH value and thereby prevents the product from becoming overly acidic or alkaline.
Glycerol monostearate also helps increase shelf life, prevents products from freezing or from developing crusts on their surfaces, and it helps lessen the greasy nature of some oils that may be added to cosmetics formulations.
In formulations that are oil-based, the thickening properties of Glycerol monostearate help to scale down the need for co-emulsifiers and, in emulsions with big water phases, Glyceryl Stearate can help develop liquid crystal phases as well as crystalline gel phases.
As an opacifier, Glycerol monostearate makes transparent or translucent preparations opaque, thus protecting them from or increasing their resistance to being penetrated by visible light.
This also helps to boost or balance the appearance of pigments and improve the final product's density for a luxuriously smooth and creamy texture.

Glycerol Monostearate (e471) is an emulsifying agent that helps fat and water stay together.
Glycerol monostearate prevents the formation of fat bloom on confectionery and truffles.
Glycerol monostearate is applicable to all types of products with water content, and it is particularly recommended for use in water-fat mixtures.
Glycerol monostearate prevents ice creams from drying out or being too sweet.

Glycerol monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier in foods.
Glycerol monostearate takes the form of a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic.
Chemically Glycerol monostearate is the glycerol ester of stearic acid.
Glycerol monostearate is also used as hydration powder in exercise formulas.

Structure, synthesis, and occurrence:

Glycerol monostearate exists as three stereoisomers, the enantiomeric pair of 1-glycerol monostearate and 2-glycerol monostearate.
Typically these are encountered as a mixture as many of their properties are similar.

Commercial material used in foods is produced industrially by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (from either vegetable or animal fats) and glycerol.

Glycerol monostearate occurs naturally in the body as a product of the breakdown of fats by pancreatic lipase.
Glycerol monostearate is present at very low levels in certain seed oils.

Uses:

Glycerol monostearate is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anticaking, and preservative agent;
Glycerol monostearate is an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents;
Glycerol monostearate is a protective coating for hygroscopic powders;
Glycerol monostearate is a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals;
Glycerol monostearate is a resin lubricant.
Glycerol monostearate is also used in cosmetics and hair-care products.

Glycerol monostearate is largely used in baking preparations to add "body" to the food.
Glycerol monostearate is somewhat responsible for giving ice cream and whipped cream their smooth texture.
Glycerol monostearate is sometimes used as an antistaling agent in bread.

Glycerol monostearate can also be used as an additive in plastic, where GMS works as an antistatic and antifogging agent.
Glycerol monostearate is common in food packaging.

APPLICATIONS FOR Glycerol monostearate:

Glycerol monostearate must be added to formulations in their heated oil phases.
The higher the concentration of Glycerol monostearate, the thicker the end product will be.

Shampoo/Conditioner
• Moisturizer
• Opacifier
• Softener
• Conditioner
• Thickener

Function:
Hydrate the hair and scalp to protect against dryness
• Prevent frizz
• Make products opaque in appearance
• Increase viscosity
• Reduce tangling
The recommended maximum dosage is 2-5%

Makeup (Foundation, Mascara, Eye Shadow, Eyeliner)
• Opacifier
• Softener
• Emollient

Function:
Soften and smooth the skin
• Balance and sustain the skin's moisture levels without leaving a greasy residue
• Keep makeup on the skin, rather than allowing it to fall off
• Keep mascara from clumping
• Ensure smooth application of eyeliner and eyeshadow
The recommended maximum dosage is 2-5%

Moisturizer
• Face WashFace Mask/Peel
• Body Wash/Gel
• Opacifier
• Thickener
• Co-emulsifier Emollient
• Softener
• Moisturizer
• Cleanser

Function:
• Emulsify formulations and increase their viscosity, which contributes to a creamier texture
• Lift and remove dirt
• Soothe skin
• Create an oily layer on the skin’s surface, which helps it retain water
• Hydrate and soften the skin to reduce irritation, cracking, and peeling

Recommended maximum dosages are:
Body Lotion: 1.5-2.5%
Face Cream: 1.5-2.5%
Sunscreen: 1.5-2.5%
Ointments: 2-5%

In baking, Glycerol monostearate is used to improve dough quality and stabilize fat/protein emulsions.

Origin
The first known emulsifier was egg yolk, often used to disperse liquid oil into an acidic aqueous phase.
Mono- and diglycerides were first synthesized in 1853 and were extensively used in shortening and margarine formulations by the 1930s.

Composition
Glycerol monostearate is a non-ionic ester of glycerol and stearic acid.
Glycerol monostearate is soluble in ethanol at 122°F (50°C) but immiscible with water.
Glycerol monostearate often consists of a mixture of mono, di, and triesters of fatty acids occurring in food oils and fats.
They may contain small amounts of free fatty acids and glycerol.

Commercial Production
Glycerol monostearate is produced either through heating oils/fats with excess glycerol or by direct esterification of glycerol (of animal or plant sources) with stearic acid.
The proportion of monoester formed is dependent on the proportion of glycerol and reaction temperature range of 86-140°F (60-80°C).
Further purification is carried out by high vacuum distillation.

Function
The ratio of hydrophilic to lipophilic moieties, called hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) is used in classifying emulsions.
HLB values range from 0-20 with lower values indicating dominant lipophilic character while higher values indicate hydrophilic character.
Glycerol monostearate has a HLB value of 3.8, making it lipophilic and suitable for uses in w/o emulsions, such as batters and doughs, dairy and other products.

Glycerol monostearate is used in a paste form, i.e. mixed with water and other ingredients to improve gel stability.
Glycerol monostearate is an unsaturated monoglyceride and offers better stability than other unsaturated monoglycerides, such as oleic acid.

Glycerol monostearate is used in the baking industry to:

• Help in the formation and maintenance of uniform dispersions of immiscible solvents.
• Stabilize emulsions via displacing proteins from oil, wax or solvent surfaces.
• Improve bread texture, and retard staling due to its complexation with starch amylopectin
• Improve aeration of doughs and batters.

Applications
Glycerol monostearate has been used in the following applications:

• To improve the physical and rheological properties of the batter and thus better-quality cakes
• In breads such as pain courant Français, Friss búzakenyér, naan and roti
• In sponge cakes and pancakes for aeration.
• Dairy products such as cream, whipped cream, ice cream, cream powder, imitation creams, etc.
• Fruit/vegetable spreads, jams, jellies, marmalades

Culinary Uses
Glycerol monostearate is largely used in baking preparations to add "body" to the food.
Glycerol monostearate is responsible for giving ice cream and whipped cream its smooth texture.
Glycerol monostearate is sometimes used as an anti-staling agent in bread.

Glycerol monostearate is a 1-monoglyceride that has stearoyl as the acyl group.
Glycerol monostearate has a role as an algal metabolite and a Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite.

Glycerol monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is the glycerol ester of stearic acid.
Glycerol monostearate is commonly used as an emulsifier in foods.

Glycerol monostearate is a natural product found in Aristolochia cucurbitifolia, Lobelia longisepala, and other organisms.

Glycerol monostearate (GMS) is a waxy, powdery, or flaky ingredient.
In the cosmetics industry, Glycerol monostearate is derived from vegetable oils though it is naturally found in the human body and fatty foods

Glycerol monostearate is often used as an emulsifier to stabilize products and prevent separation.
Glycerol monostearate is found in dozens of personal care products such as moisturizers, eye cream, sunscreen, makeup, and hand cream.
Glycerol monostearate is also used as a preservative agent.

Glyceryl Stearates are esterification products of glycerin and stearic acid.
Glyceryl Stearate is a white or cream-colored wax-like solid (granular/ powder).
Glycerol Monostearate is a compound of one molecule glycerine and one molecule of stearic acid.

Glycerol monostearate is used in food, cosmetics, polymers (resins, plastics, gums) as antistatic agent, antifogging agent, blocking agent, lubricant, dispersant, mold release agent and acid and catalyst neutralizer.

In cosmetics and personal care products, Glyceryl Stearate is widely used and can be found in lotions, creams, powders, skin cleansing products, makeup bases and foundations, mascara, eye shadow, eyeliner, hair conditioners and rinses, and suntan and sunscreen products.

Glycerol monostearate acts as a lubricant on the skin’s surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance.
Glycerol monostearate also slows the loss of water from the skin by forming a barrier on the skin’s surface.
Glycerol monostearate help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified.

Glycerol Monostearate is some times mixed with small amounts of soap (sodium or potassium stearate) while making emulsions.

The most common culinary use of GMS (Glycerol monostearate) powder is in ice cream industry.
The Method of incorporation is to make a stock mixture of G.M.S. in water And then adding to the ice cream mix.
Glycerol monostearate is an additive used as thickening, emulsifying, anti-caking, and preservative agent; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents.
Glycerol monostearate and CMC (Carboxy methyl cellulose) are compounds used for stabilizing ice creams.

Glycerol monostearate is used in bakery products like breads and cake preparation.
The use of Glycerol monostearate gives loaf a much improved quality at a reduced cost to the baker.
Glycerol monostearate give cakes of good volume.
Glycerol monostearate improves all types of cakes.
The optimum concentration to be used will depend on the receipt.
But in most cases about 3-4% on the weight of flour is adequate.
They will be more tender & keep their freshness longer.
Glycerol monostearate is suggested as an emulsifier in producing high quality Biscuits.
Due to Glycerol monostearate, fat disperses uniformly in the dough and hence GMS improves the release of the dough from the moulds and cutters to achieve well-shaped biscuits without any distorted edges.
Glycerol monostearate can help to reduce consumption of egg yolk or fat used in making biscuits, thus achieving economy.

Glycerol monostearate (GMS) is an effective emulsifier used in the baking industry available in the form of small beads, flakes, or powders.
In addition to emulsification, Glycerol monostearate is a thickening agent and a stabilizer.
In baking, Glycerol monostearate is used to improve dough quality and stabilize fat/protein emulsions.
Glycerol monostearate also promotes foaming in breads and cakes.

The versatility of plastics and the tremendous range of products they make possible call for polymer additives that are just as versatile.
Glycerol monostearate provide multiple benefits and functionalities, helping to maximize processing efficiencies and making many plastics applications viable.
Leading polymer producers, compounders and concentrate manufacturers have come to count on the time- and cost-saving benefits of GMS and other polymer additives.

Glycerol monostearate (GMS) is a mixture of monoacylgcerols, mostly monosteroylglycerol, together with quantities of di-and triacylglycerols.
Glyceryl monostearate is distinguished into different grades, namely Type I, II and III depending on their fatty acid composition.
When supplied as an excipient, Glycerol monostearate occurs as a hard, waxy mass or greasy powder, flakes or beads.

Although the names Glycerol monostearate and mono-and di-glycerides are used for several esters of long-chain fatty acids, Glycerol monostearate esters can be grouped into the following two main categories:

90% monoglycerides, described in the USP-NF as Glycerol monostearate and consisting of not less than 90% of monoglycerides of saturated fatty acids, mainly glyceryl monostearate (C21H42O4) and glyceryl are monopalmitate (C19H38O4).
40-55% monoglycerides, described simply as Glycerol monostearate and consisting of a mixture of monoacylgcerols, mostly monosteroylglycerol, together with quantities of di-and triacylglycerols.
This material is further split into three grades, depending on the content of Monoacylglycerols, namely 40-55% of monoacylglycerols, 30-45% of diacylglcerols, and 5-15% of triacylglycerols.

Glycerol monostearate is manufactured by reacting Glycerin with triglycerides obtained from animal or vegetable sources, producing a mixture of monoglycerides and diglycerides.
The diglycerides are subsequently reacted to produce the 90% monoglyceride grade.
A different production pathway involves the combination of Glycerol with stearoyl chloride.

Finally, Glycerol monostearate is a somewhat peculiar raw material because its composition, and therefore the physical properties, do vary remarkably from manufacturer to manufacturer.
This is mainly because the starting materials used in the synthesis of Glycerol monostearate are not pure substances, thus the products obtained from the processes contain a mixture of esters, such as palmitate and oleate.

Glycerol monostearate is available in many different grades whose physical properties vary by the commercial producer.
A number of grades are self-emulsifying grades due to the presence of small concentrations of Sodium lauryl sulfate and other surfactants.
Many grades are purpose-made to particular applications or customer specifications.

Glycerol monostearate (GMS) is an organic molecule used as an emulsifier in food.
A glycerol ester of stearic acid, it is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting flaky powder.
Glycerol monostearate (GMS) occurs naturally in the body as a by-product of the breakdown of fats, and is often found in fatty foods.

APPLICATIONS & USES
Glycerol monostearate (GMS) is used as emulsifier , lubricant agent, antifogging agent and antistatic agent in food and daily chemical industry
Glycerol monostearate (GMS) is used as antifogging agent in producing agricultural plastic films
Glycerol monostearate (GMS) is used as antistatic agent in producing packaging films
Glycerol monostearate (GMS) is used as emulsifier for cream cosmetics
Glycerol monostearate (GMS) is used as lubricant agent in producing PVC transparent particles

SYNONYMS:

Glyceryl monostearate
123-94-4
Monostearin
GLYCEROL MONOSTEARATE
31566-31-1
Glyceryl stearate
Tegin
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol
1-MONOSTEARIN
Glycerin 1-monostearate
Stearin, 1-mono-
Stearic acid 1-monoglyceride
2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
Glycerol 1-monostearate
1-Glyceryl stearate
Glycerin 1-stearate
Sandin EU
1-Monostearoylglycerol
Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
Aldo MSD
Aldo MSLG
Glyceryl 1-monostearate
Stearoylglycerol
Glycerol 1-stearate
alpha-Monostearin
Tegin 55G
Emerest 2407
Aldo 33
Aldo 75
Glycerin monostearate
Arlacel 165
3-Stearoyloxy-1,2-propanediol
Cerasynt SD
Stearin, mono-
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate
.alpha.-Monostearin
Monoglyceryl stearate
Glycerol alpha-monostearate
Cefatin
Dermagine
Monelgin
Sedetine
Admul
Orbon
Citomulgan M
Drewmulse V
Cerasynt S
Drewmulse TP
Tegin 515
Cerasynt SE
Cerasynt WM
Cyclochem GMS
Drumulse AA
Protachem GMS
Witconol MS
Witconol MST
FEMA No. 2527
Glyceryl stearates
Monostearate (glyceride)
Unimate GMS
Glyceryl monooctadecanoate
Ogeen M
Emcol CA
Emcol MSK
Hodag GMS
Ogeen GRB
Ogeen MAV
Aldo MS
Aldo HMS
Armostat 801
Kessco 40
Stearic monoglyceride
Abracol S.L.G.
Arlacel 161
Arlacel 169
Imwitor 191
Imwitor 900K
NSC 3875
11099-07-3
Atmul 67
Atmul 84
Starfol GMS 450
Starfol GMS 600
Starfol GMS 900
Cerasynt 1000-D
Emerest 2401
Aldo-28
Aldo-72
Atmos 150
Atmul 124
Estol 603
Ogeen 515
Tegin 503
Grocor 5500
Grocor 6000
Glycerol stearate, pure
Stearic acid alpha-monoglyceride
Cremophor gmsk
Glyceryl 1-octadecanoate
Cerasynt-sd
Lonzest gms
Cutina gms
Lipo GMS 410
Lipo GMS 450
Lipo GMS 600
glycerol stearate
1-MONOSTEAROYL-rac-GLYCEROL
Nikkol mgs-a
Glyceryl monopalmitostearate
USAF KE-7
1-octadecanoyl-rac-glycerol
EMUL P.7
EINECS 204-664-4
EINECS 245-121-1
UNII-230OU9XXE4
Stearic acid, monoester with glycerol
Glycerol .alpha.-monostearate
Glyceroli monostearas
Glycerol monostearate, purified
Imwitor 491
Sorbon mg-100
22610-63-5
Cithrol gms 0400
UNII-258491E1RZ
NSC3875
Stearic acid .alpha.-monoglyceride
(1)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate
MONOSTEARIN (L)
NSC-3875
1-Monooctadecanoylglycerol
EINECS 250-705-4
1,2,3-Propanetriol monooctadecanoate
Octadecanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
GLYCERYL 1-STEARATE
1-O-Octadecanoyl-2n-glycerol
AI3-00966
MG(18:0/0:0/0:0)[rac]
230OU9XXE4
DTXSID7029160
CHEBI:75555
EC 250-705-4
GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE 40-50
Octadecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
258491E1RZ
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol (90per cent)
83138-62-9
NCGC00164529-01
(+/-)-2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL OCTADECANOATE
DTXCID909160
Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (A+/-)-
MFCD00036186
Celinhol - A
CAS-123-94-4
Myvaplex 600
rac-Glycerol 1-stearate
C21H42O4
1-Monooctadecanoyl-rac-glycerol
Celinhol-A
Glyceryl monostearate [JAN:NF]
MG 18:0
(+/-)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate; 1-Glyceryl stearate; 1-Monooctadecanoylglycerol; 1-Monostearin
Eastman 600
1-O-stearoylglycerol
1-octadecanoylglycerol
85666-92-8
rac-octadecanoylglycerol
glycerol 1-octadecanoate
rac-glyceryl monostearate
Glycerol .alpha.-sterate
rac-1-monostearoylglycerol
DSSTox_CID_9160
Monoglycerides, c16-18
(+-)-1-stearoylglycerol
SCHEMBL4488
(+-)-glyceryl monostearate
Geleol mono and diglycerides
DSSTox_RID_78757
DSSTox_GSID_29304
Glycerol monostearate (GMS)
(+-)-1-monostearoylglycerol
(+-)-1-octadecanoylglycerol
Glycerides, C16-18 mono-
Glycerol monostearate 40-55
GLYCERYL STEARATE (II)
CHEMBL255696
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate #
DTXSID7027968
CHEBI:75557
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol (90%)
GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE (II)
Glyceryl monostearate (JP17/NF)
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol, >=99%
MAG 18:0
EINECS 238-880-5
EINECS 293-208-8
Tox21_112160
Tox21_202573
Tox21_301104
LMGL01010003
rac-2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
AKOS015901589
Tox21_112160_1
DB11250
(+-)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
NCGC00164529-02
NCGC00164529-03
NCGC00164529-04
NCGC00255004-01
NCGC00260122-01
Octadecanoic acid,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
1,2,3-Propanetriol 1-octadecanoyl ester
BS-50505
CAS-11099-07-3
FT-0626740
FT-0626748
FT-0674656
G0085
Octadecanoic acid, 2.3-dihydroxypropyl ester
D01947
EC 293-208-8
F71433
S-7950
A890632
A903419
SR-01000944874
Q-201168
Q5572563
SR-01000944874-1
W-110285
()-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate; 1-Glyceryl stearate; 1-Monooctadecanoylglycerol; 1-Monostearin
342394-34-7
InChI=1/C21H42O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-21(24)25-19-20(23)18-22/h20,22-23H,2-19H2,1H