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GLYOXYLIC ACID (OXOACETIC ACID)

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is an organic compound. Together with acetic acid, glycolic acid, and oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid is one of the C2 carboxylic acids.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is a colourless solid that occurs naturally and is useful industrially.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is the byproduct of the amidation process in biosynthesis of several amidated peptides.

CAS Number: 298-12-4
Molecular Formula: C2H2O3
Molecular Weight: 74.04
EINECS Number: 206-058-5

Glyoxylic acid, 2-Oxoacetic Acid, Glyoxalic acid, Oxoacetic acid, Oxoethanoic acid, Formylformic acid, Acetic acid, oxo-, Oxalaldehydic acid, alpha-Ketoacetic acid, oxaldehydic acid, Formic acid, formyl-, Acetic acid, 2-oxo-, glyoxalate, Kyselina glyoxylova, NSC 27785, CCRIS 1455, HSDB 5559, 563-96-2, .alpha.-Ketoacetic acid, JQ39C92HH6, CHEBI:16891, glyox, oxoacetate, NSC27785, MFCD00006958, NSC-27785, 2-OxoaceticAcid, Glyoxalic acid pound 50% in water pound(c), NSC 27785; Formylformic acid; Oxalaldehydic acid, Kyselina glyoxylova [Czech], alpha-ketoaceticacid, GLV, OCHCOOH, EINECS 206-058-5, BRN 0741891, UNII-JQ39C92HH6, Formylformate, Glyoxalsaeure, Glyoxylsaeure, Oxalaldehydate, Oxoethanoate, glyoxilic acid, a-Ketoacetate, C2H2O3, alpha-Ketoacetate, 2-Oxoacetate, (oxo)acetic acid, a-Ketoacetic acid, Acetic acid, oxo, Formic acid, formyl, Glyoxylic Acid 50%, OHCCO2H, Glyoxylic acid (8CI), Glyoxylic acid anhydrous, WLN: VHVQ, dioxymethylene formaldehyde, EC 206-058-5, GLYOXYLIC ACID [MI], Acetic acid, oxo- (9CI), GLYOXALATE; GLYOXYLATE, 4-03-00-01489 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), GLYOXYLIC ACID [HSDB], GLYOXYLIC ACID [INCI], Glyoxylic acid, 50% in water, CHEMBL1162545, DTXSID5021594, GLYOXYLIC ACID [WHO-DD], BDBM19472, Glyoxylic acid (50% in water), AMY40947, STR06186, Glyoxylic acid, 50% w/w aq. soln, AKOS005367012, CS-W019807, DB04343, HY-79494, ALLANTOIN IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], 2-OXOACETIC ACID (50% IN WATER), G0366, NS00003540, EN300-20485, C00048, D70821, Q413552, W-105518, F2191-0150, 0ADD8E81-5E77-4171-9241-E74AC05D4C8D

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is an intermediate of the glyoxylate cycle, which enables certain organisms to convert fatty acids into carbohydrates.
The conjugate base of Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is known as glyoxylate.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is an intermediate of the glyoxylate cycle, which enables organisms, such as bacteria, fungi and plants to convert fatty acids into carbohydrates.

The structure of Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is shown as having an aldehyde functional group.
The aldehyde is only a minor component of the form most prevalent in some situations.
Instead, Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) often exists as a hydrate or a cyclic dimer.

For example, in the presence of water, the carbonyl rapidly converts to a geminal diol (described as the "monohydrate").
The equilibrium constant (K) is 300 for the formation of Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) at room temperature: Dihydroxyacetic acid has been characterized by X-ray crystallography.
The conjugate base of Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is known as glyoxylate and is the form that the compound exists in solution at neutral pH.

For the historical record, Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) was prepared from oxalic acid electrosynthetically: in organic synthesis, lead dioxide cathodes were applied for preparing glyoxylic acid from oxalic acid in a sulfuric acid electrolyte.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is an intermediate of the glyoxylate cycle, which enables organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and plants to convert fatty acids into carbohydrates.
The glyoxylate cycle is also important for induction of plant defense mechanisms in response to fungi.

The glyoxylate cycle is initiated through the activity of isocitrate lyase, which converts isocitrate into glyoxylate and succinate.
Research is being done to co-opt the pathway for a variety of uses such as the biosynthesis of succinate.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is an organic compound.

Together with acetic acid, glycolic acid, and oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid is one of the C2 carboxylic acids.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is a colourless solid that occurs naturally and is useful industrially.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is an organic compound that is both an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is the byproduct of the amidation process in biosynthesis of several amidated peptides.
The glyoxylate cycle is a metabolic pathway occurring in plants, and several microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and yeast.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is a colourless solid that occurs naturally and is useful industrially.

Aqueous solution of Glyoxylic acid is transparent colorless or light yellow liquid.
Soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in organic solvents like ether or benzene, insoluble in esters aromatic solvents.
This solution is not stable but will not decay in the air.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is a strong organic acid and a highly reactive chemical intermediate having two functional groups: the aldehyde group and the carboxylic acid group.
Because of its bi-functionality is a versatile reagent in organic and fine chemicals syntheses.
Other synonyms are formylformic acid and oxoethanoic acid.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid.
Alkyl esters of glyoxylic acid are called alkyl glyoxylic acids.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is formed by organic oxidation of glycolic acid or ozonolysis of maleic acid.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is a liquid with a melting point of -93 °C and a boiling point of 111 °C.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is available commercially as a monohydrate or as a solution in water.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid), Monohydrate, also known as oxoacetic acid or formylformic acid, is an organic compound and one of the C2 carboxylic acids; it can be used to check for the presence of tryptophan in proteins. Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acids.
These are compounds containing a carboxylic acid group with the formula -C(=O)OH.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is the smallest alpha-keto acid which has a ketone group on the carbon atom next to the acid group.

If the ketone group is on the second carbon next to the acid group, it is called beta-keto acid.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) has dual functional compound with both carboxylic acid and aldehyde.
One more example of small mole weight alpha-keto acid is pyruvic acid which has methyl branch.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is an organic compound. Together with acetic acid, glycolic acid, and oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid is one of the C2 carboxylic acids.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is a colourless solid that occurs naturally and is useful industrially.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid), is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H2O3.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is characterized by its carbonyl group (C=O) and hydroxyl group (OH) attached to the same carbon atom, making it a α-hydroxy acid.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is a colorless solid at room temperature and is soluble in water.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) as an alternative reducing agent for electroless copper plating was investigated.

Plating rates and bath stability were superior to that of the formaldehyde bath under standard conditions.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) ions in the plating bath have no vapor pressure and showed good reducing power in the electroless copper plating.
Therefore, Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can replace formaldehyde, and eliminate health and environmental problems resulting from generation of the fumes (research overview).

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid), with the chemical formula C2H2O3 and CAS registry number 298-12-4, is a compound known for its versatile applications in various industries.
This colorless liquid, also referred to as Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid), is characterized by its carboxylic acid functional group.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is commonly used as a precursor in the synthesis of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is also used as a reducing agent and a catalyst in various chemical reactions.
Additionally, Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) finds applications in the production of resins, plastics, and adhesives.
With its wide range of uses, Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) plays a crucial role in the development of numerous products and processes across different sectors.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is an organic compound. ,
Together with acetic acid, glycolic acid, and oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid is one of the C2 carboxylic acids.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is a colourless solid that occurs naturally and is useful industrially.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is an organic compound that is both an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is an intermediate of the glyoxylate cycle, which enables certain organisms to convert fatty acids into carbohydrates.
The conjugate base of Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is known as glyoxylate.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is an intermediate of the glyoxylate cycle, which enables organisms, such as bacteria, fungi and plants to convert fatty acids into carbohydrates.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is the byproduct of the amidation process in biosynthesis of several amidated peptides.
The glyoxylate cycle is a metabolic pathway occurring in plants, and several microorganisms, such as E. coli and yeast.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) serves as a versatile building block in organic synthesis, where it is employed in the production of various chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is used as a bleaching agent and a fixing agent in textile processing, particularly for dyeing and printing of textiles.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is utilized in some cosmetic formulations, such as hair straightening products, where it acts as a texturizer or a bonding agent.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is used in developing solutions to fix photographic images on paper or film.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is utilized in pharmaceutical research and manufacturing, including the synthesis of certain drug intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) finds application in the production of herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) may be used in the food industry as a flavoring agent or as a precursor in the synthesis of food additives.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is employed as a reagent in various laboratory experiments and chemical analyses.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is sometimes used in metal surface treatment processes, where it serves as a mild etchant or cleaner for removing oxides, scales, or contaminants from metal surfaces prior to further processing, coating, or finishing.

In electroplating applications, Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) may be employed as a reducing agent or stabilizing agent in electrolyte solutions to facilitate the deposition of metal coatings onto substrates with improved adhesion, uniformity, or corrosion resistance.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) finds application in adhesive and sealant formulations, where it can act as a crosslinking agent or modifier to enhance bonding strength, durability, or moisture resistance in various bonding applications.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is utilized in tanning processes as a fixing agent or a bleaching agent to stabilize collagen fibers, remove impurities, and improve the color, softness, or texture of leather products.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) may be employed in water treatment applications as a disinfectant or biocide to control microbial growth, algae, or biofilm formation in water systems, cooling towers, swimming pools, or wastewater treatment facilities.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can be used as a standard or reference material in analytical chemistry methods, such as chromatography, spectrometry, or titration, for the quantification or identification of compounds in complex mixtures or matrices.

Melting point: -93°C
Boiling point: 111°C
Density: 1.33 g/mL at 20 °C
vapor pressure: 14hPa at 19.85℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.414
Flash point: 111°C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Miscible with ethanol. Slightly miscible with ether and benzene. Immiscible with esters.
pka: 3.18(at 25℃)
form: clear liquid
color: Colorless to Light orange to Yellow
Water Solubility: miscible
Merck: 14,4511
BRN: 741891
InChIKey: HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.930 (est)

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) occurs in unripe fruit and in young green leaves.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) has also been found in very young sugarbeets.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is found in plants and is a metabolite in mammalian biochemical pathways.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is one of several ketone- and aldehyde-containing carboxylic acids that together are abundant in secondary organic aerosols.
In the presence of water and sunlight, Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can undergo photochemical oxidation.
Several different reaction pathways can ensue, leading to various other carboxylic acid and aldehyde products.[29]

The Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) condensation reaction is commonly used for visual detection of biogenic amines in histological sections.
This is the Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) histofluorescence method for the visualization of monoamines in tissues where the fluorescence is analyzed by fluorescence microscopy.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is used for counterstaining tissues.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid)'s production and use as a cleaning agent for a variety of industrial applications, as a specialty chemical and biodegradable copolymer feedstock, and as an ingredient in cosmetics may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.
The pKa of glyoxylic acid is 3.3, indicating Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) will exist primarily as an anion in moist soil surfaces and anions are expected to have very high mobility in soils.
If released to soil or water, glyoxylic acid is expected to biodegrade.

Degradation may also occur in sunlit water through direct photolysis.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is produced via two pathways: through the oxidation of glycolate in peroxisomes or through the catabolism of hydroxyproline in mitochondria.
In the peroxisomes, Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is converted into glycine by AGT1 or into oxalate by glycolate oxidase.

In the mitochondria, glyoxylate is converted into glycine by AGT2 or into glycolate by glyoxylate reductase.
A small amount of glyoxylate is converted into oxalate by cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase.
In addition to being an intermediate in the glyoxylate cycle, Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is also an important intermediate in the photorespiration pathway.

Photorespiration is a result of the side reaction of RuBisCO with O2 instead of CO2.
While at first considered a waste of energy and resources, photorespiration has been shown to be an important method of regenerating carbon and CO2, removing toxic phosphoglycolate, and initiating defense mechanisms.
In photorespiration, glyoxylate is converted from glycolate through the activity of glycolate oxidase in the peroxisome.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is then converted into glycine through parallel actions by SGAT and GGAT, which is then transported into the mitochondria.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) has also been reported that the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex may play a role in glycolate and glyoxylate metabolism.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is thought to be a potential early marker for Type II diabetes.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) One of the key conditions of diabetes pathology is the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) caused by the hyperglycemia.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid)s can lead to further complications of diabetes, such as tissue damage and cardiovascular disease.
They are generally formed from reactive aldehydes, such as those present on reducing sugars and alpha-oxoaldehydes.

In a study, glyoxylate levels were found to be significantly increased in patients who were later diagnosed with Type II diabetes.
The elevated levels were found sometimes up to three years before the diagnosis, demonstrating the potential role for glyoxylate to be an early predictive marker.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is involved in the development of hyperoxaluria, a key cause of nephrolithiasis (commonly known as kidney stones).

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is both a substrate and inductor of sulfate anion transporter-1 (sat-1), a gene responsible for oxalate transportation, allowing it to increase sat-1 mRNA expression and as a result oxalate efflux from the cell.
The increased oxalate release allows the buildup of calcium oxalate in the urine, and thus the eventual formation of kidney stones.
In the petroleum industry, Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) derivatives may be used as fuel additives or combustion enhancers to improve fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, or prevent engine deposits in gasoline, diesel, or biodiesel fuels.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is studied in biomedical research for its potential applications in drug delivery systems, biomaterials, tissue engineering, or as a component in diagnostic assays or medical devices.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) derivatives may be utilized in the flavor and fragrance industry as building blocks for synthesizing aroma compounds, flavor enhancers, or fragrance ingredients used in perfumes, cosmetics, or food products.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is sometimes added to plating solutions as a complexing agent or stabilizer to improve solution stability, metal deposition rates, or the quality of plated coatings in electrochemical deposition processes.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can be employed in polymer modification processes to introduce functional groups, enhance polymer compatibility, or impart specific properties such as flame retardancy, UV stability, or biodegradability to polymer materials.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) continues to be investigated for new applications and process innovations across various industries, driven by ongoing research efforts to explore its chemical reactivity, properties, and potential benefits in diverse industrial sectors.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is utilized in the leather industry as a tanning agent and for improving the dyeing process.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) helps in the fixation of dyes onto leather surfaces and enhances the colorfastness of dyed leather products.
In electroplating processes, Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is sometimes employed as a reducing agent for metal ions.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) facilitates the deposition of metals such as silver or copper onto substrates, contributing to the production of metal coatings or platings.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can be used as a reagent or standard in analytical chemistry methods, such as chromatography or spectrophotometry.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) may serve as a reference material for quantification or identification purposes in chemical analyses.
Researchers explore the potential pharmaceutical applications of Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) derivatives in drug discovery and development.

Modified forms of glyoxylic acid may exhibit biological activities and pharmacological properties relevant to medicinal chemistry.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can function as a pH adjuster or buffer in various formulations, where precise pH control is necessary.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) may help maintain the desired acidity or alkalinity levels in solutions, suspensions, or emulsions in industrial processes or laboratory experiments.

In environmental engineering and wastewater treatment, Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) may be involved in chemical processes aimed at detoxification, degradation, or removal of organic pollutants from contaminated water or effluents.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) derivatives can participate in polymerization reactions, leading to the formation of polymeric materials with specific properties.
These polymers may find applications in coatings, adhesives, sealants, or specialty materials.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can form stable complexes with metal ions, influencing their reactivity and coordination chemistry.
These complexes may have applications in catalysis, coordination chemistry, or materials science.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) derivatives, such as its salts or esters, may have potential applications in food preservation or food packaging materials.

They could help extend the shelf life of food products by inhibiting microbial growth or oxidative degradation.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) or its derivatives may be incorporated into healthcare products such as disinfectants, antiseptics, or wound care formulations.
They may contribute to the antimicrobial or tissue-protective properties of these products.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) derivatives may be used in adhesive formulations to improve bonding properties, adhesion strength, or curing characteristics.
They may enhance the performance of adhesives in bonding substrates such as metals, plastics, or composites.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can be applied for surface modification or functionalization of materials to impart specific properties such as hydrophilicity, corrosion resistance, or bioactivity.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) may find use in surface coatings, treatments, or modifications across various industries.

Uses Of Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid):
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can be used in the synthesis of a variety of reactions.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is used in Hopkins Cole reaction, which is used in the detection of tryptophan in proteins.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) reacts with phenol to get 4-hydroxymandelic acid, which on further reaction with ammonia gives hydroxyphenylglycine, as a precursor to the drug amoxicillin.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is also used as a starting material for the preparation of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, which is used to get atenolol.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, leather treatment products and polymers.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Release to the environment of Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, leather treatment products and polymers.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur, metals and fabricated metal products.
Release to the environment of Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is a crucial intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavors, fragrances, and dyes.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) serves as a building block for many complex molecules in organic chemistry.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is used in textile processing as a fixing agent for reactive dyes, improving the color fastness of dyed fabrics.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) also acts as a reducing agent for vat dyes and as a bleaching agent for textiles.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is utilized in hair straightening products as it helps in breaking and reforming the disulfide bonds in hair, resulting in smoother and straighter hair.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is also used in some skin care formulations for its exfoliating properties.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is used as a component of developing solutions to stabilize and fix photographic images on film or paper.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is utilized in developing solutions to fix photographic images on paper or film.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) plays a crucial role in stabilizing the developed images and preventing fading or deterioration over time.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) finds application in pharmaceutical research and manufacturing.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is used in the synthesis of certain drug intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients, contributing to the production of pharmaceuticals for various therapeutic purposes.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is employed in the production of herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) serves as a key building block in the synthesis of active ingredients for agricultural chemicals used in crop protection and pest control.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) may be used in the food industry as a flavoring agent or as a precursor in the synthesis of food additives.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) contributes to the production of certain food ingredients or additives used for flavor enhancement or preservation.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is utilized as a reagent in various laboratory experiments and chemical analyses.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) may be employed for chemical derivatization, as a reducing agent, or for the synthesis of specific compounds in research settings.
In the leather industry, Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) serves as a tanning agent and aids in the dyeing process.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) helps fix dyes onto leather surfaces, improving color retention and enhancing the quality of dyed leather products.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is sometimes used as a reducing agent in electroplating processes for metal deposition.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) facilitates the deposition of metals onto substrates, contributing to the production of metal coatings or platings for various applications.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can function as a reagent or standard in analytical chemistry methods, such as chromatography or spectrophotometry.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) may be used as a reference material for quantification or identification purposes in chemical analyses.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can act as a pH adjuster or buffer in various formulations where precise pH control is necessary.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) helps to maintain the desired acidity or alkalinity levels in solutions, suspensions, or emulsions in industrial processes or laboratory experiments.

In environmental engineering and wastewater treatment, Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) may be involved in chemical processes aimed at detoxification, degradation, or removal of organic pollutants from contaminated water or effluents.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can help in the treatment of industrial wastewater or contaminated sites.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) derivatives can participate in polymerization reactions, leading to the formation of polymeric materials with specific properties.

These polymers may find applications in coatings, adhesives, sealants, or specialty materials in industries such as construction, automotive, and electronics.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can form stable complexes with metal ions, influencing their reactivity and coordination chemistry.
These complexes may have applications in catalysis, coordination chemistry, or materials science, contributing to the development of advanced materials and catalysts.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) derivatives, such as its salts or esters, may have potential applications in food preservation or food packaging materials.
They could help extend the shelf life of food products by inhibiting microbial growth or oxidative degradation, enhancing food safety and quality.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) or its derivatives may be incorporated into healthcare products such as disinfectants, antiseptics, or wound care formulations.

They may contribute to the antimicrobial or tissue-protective properties of these products, aiding in wound healing and infection control.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) derivatives may be used in adhesive formulations to improve bonding properties, adhesion strength, or curing characteristics.
They may enhance the performance of adhesives in bonding substrates such as metals, plastics, or composites, leading to the development of high-performance adhesives for various applications.

Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) continues to be investigated for its potential applications in various fields through research and development efforts.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is unique chemical properties and versatile reactivity make it a subject of interest for exploring novel applications and technologies in areas such as materials science, nanotechnology, and biotechnology.

Safety Profile Of Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid):
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is corrosive to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes upon contact.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) can cause severe irritation, burns, and tissue damage.
Skin contact may result in redness, pain, and dermatitis, while eye contact can lead to severe irritation, tearing, and potentially permanent damage to the eyes.

Inhalation of glyoxylic acid vapors or aerosols can irritate the respiratory tract, leading to coughing, shortness of breath, and respiratory discomfort.
Prolonged or high-level exposure may cause lung irritation or respiratory distress.
Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) is toxic if ingested, and ingestion can lead to gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

Ingestion of large quantities may result in systemic toxicity, affecting multiple organ systems.
Exposure to Glyoxylic acid (oxoacetic acid) may lead to sensitization reactions in some individuals, resulting in allergic dermatitis upon subsequent contact.
Sensitized individuals may experience itching, redness, and inflammation of the skin upon exposure to even small amounts of glyoxylic acid.