HEMP OIL

Hemp oil, also known as hemp seed oil, is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa). 
It is rich in essential fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6, and contains various nutrients including vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. 
Unlike CBD oil, hemp oil contains only trace amounts of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the psychoactive compound found in cannabis, so it does not produce any psychoactive effects.

CAS Number:
8001-29-4

Synonyms:
Cannabis Seed Oil,Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil,Hemp Seed Extract,Hemp Seed Fatty Acids,Pressed Hemp Oil,Cannabis Seed Extract,Cannabis Oil

Definition and Origin
Hemp oil, often referred to as hemp seed oil, is derived from the seeds of the Cannabis sativa L. plant. 
Unlike oils extracted from the flowers or leaves of cannabis, hemp seed oil contains negligible amounts of psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). 
It is primarily valued for its rich nutritional profile, especially its balanced essential fatty acid content.

Historical Uses
Hemp cultivation dates back thousands of years, with records indicating its use for fiber, food, and medicine. 
The oil extracted from hemp seeds has been used traditionally in cooking, skincare, and folk medicine. 
Modern interest in hemp oil has grown due to increased awareness of its potential health benefits and versatility.

Botanical Sources
Hemp seeds come from varieties of Cannabis sativa bred specifically to contain low THC (<0.3% by dry weight) and high fiber/oil content. 
The seeds are small, nutty-flavored, and contain a robust nutrient profile.

Botanical and Chemical Background
Cannabis sativa L. Plant Overview
Cannabis sativa L. is an annual herbaceous plant classified in the Cannabaceae family. 
The plant is dioecious, with distinct male and female specimens. 
Hemp varieties are cultivated primarily for fiber, seeds, and oils, while marijuana varieties are cultivated mainly for their psychoactive flower buds.

Differentiation Between Hemp and Marijuana
The main difference lies in THC concentration: hemp contains ≤0.3% THC, while marijuana often exceeds this. 
This distinction is critical for legal and industrial considerations.

Phytochemical Constituents of Hemp Seeds and Oil
Hemp seeds contain approximately 25-35% oil, composed mainly of triglycerides. 
The seed oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, vitamins, and antioxidants. 
It also contains trace amounts of cannabinoids, mainly cannabidiol (CBD), but at very low concentrations compared to extracts from flowers.

Chemical Composition of Hemp Oil
Fatty Acid Profile
Hemp oil is notable for its balanced fatty acid composition:
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs): ~70%
Linoleic acid (LA, omega-6): 50-60%
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, omega-3): 15-25%
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFAs): Oleic acid (omega-9): 10-15%
Saturated Fatty Acids (SFAs): Palmitic and stearic acids: 5-7%
Essential Fatty Acids Ratio
The omega-6 to omega-3 ratio in hemp oil is approximately 3:1, considered optimal for human health.
Minor Components
Phytosterols: Beta-sitosterol, campesterol – contribute to cholesterol-lowering effects.
Tocopherols (Vitamin E): Antioxidants protecting oil from oxidation.
Polyphenols: Phenolic acids contributing to antioxidant activity.
Cannabinoids: Trace amounts of CBD and others, with negligible psychoactivity.
Comparison with Other Vegetable Oils
Hemp oil differs from flaxseed oil, sunflower oil, and olive oil primarily in its unique fatty acid balance and minor bioactive compounds.

Extraction Methods
Cold Pressing
The most common method, preserving nutritional and bioactive compounds by minimal heat exposure.
Solvent Extraction
Uses organic solvents like hexane but may introduce residues and degrade sensitive components.
Supercritical CO2 Extraction
An advanced method yielding high purity oil, preserving delicate bioactives without solvent contamination.
Impact on Oil Quality
Extraction technique significantly affects oil composition, stability, and safety.

Physicochemical Properties
Appearance, Color, Odor, Taste
Light green to amber color.
Nutty aroma and flavor.
Slightly viscous liquid.
Density, Viscosity, Refractive Index
Typical density: ~0.91 g/mL; viscosity varies with temperature.
Stability and Shelf Life
Susceptible to oxidation due to high PUFA content; shelf life is typically 6-12 months when stored properly.
Oxidative Stability and Storage
Storage in dark, cool conditions with antioxidants prolongs shelf life.

Nutritional Aspects
Macronutrients
Rich source of essential fatty acids.
Contains proteins and dietary fiber in whole seeds.
Role in Human Nutrition
Supports cardiovascular health, immune function, skin health, and potentially neurological function.
Potential Health Benefits
Due to EFA content and minor compounds, hemp oil may reduce inflammation, improve lipid profiles, and enhance skin barrier function.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT HEMP OIL
  
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician. 
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
 
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air. 
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately. 
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
 
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
 
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting. 
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. 
Rinse mouth with water. 
Consult a physician.
 
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
 
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment. 
 
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. 
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
 
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
 
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. 
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
 
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
 
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. 
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
 
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
 
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles. 
Faceshield (8-inch minimum). 
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
 
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves. 
Gloves must be inspected prior to use. 
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. 
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. 
Wash and dry hands.
 
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
 
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. 
 
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. 
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. 
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
 
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. 
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
 
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. 
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product