IZOAMILOVYY SPIRT

IZOAMILOVYY SPIRT

Izoamilovyy spirt predstavlyayet soboy bestsvetnuyu zhidkost' s formuloy C5H12O, a imenno (H3C–) 2CH – CH2 – CH2 – OH. Eto odin iz neskol'kikh izomerov amilovogo spirta (pentanola). On takzhe izvesten kak izopentilovyy spirt, izopentanol ili (v rekomendovannoy IYUPAK nomenklature) 3-metilbutan-1-ol. Ustarevsheye nazvaniye izobutilkarbinol.

SINONIMY: IZOAMILOVYY SPIRT; Isoamyl alcohol; 3-Methyl-1-butanol; Isopentyl alcohol; 3-Methylbutan-1-ol; Isopentanol; 123-51-3; 3-Methylbutanol; 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-; Isoamylol; Isobutylcarbinol; Iso-amyl alcohol; Iso-amylalkohol; Fusel Oil; 2-Methyl-4-butanol; Isobutyl carbinol; ISOAMYLALCOHOL; Alcool isoamylique; Fermentation amyl alcohol; Alcool amilico; Amylowy alkohol; Isoamyl alkohol; i-Amyl Alcohol; Primary isoamyl alcohol; 3-Metil-butanolo; isopentan-1-ol; Isoamyl alcohol (natural); isoamyl-alcohol; 3-Methyl-Butan-1-Ol; Isoamyl alcohol, primary; FEMA Number 2057; Isoamyl alkohol [Czech]; Alcool amilico [Italian]; Amylowy alkohol [Polish]; Iso-amylalkohol [German]; UNII-DEM9NIT1J4; 3-methyl-Butanol; NSC 1029; Alcool isoamylique [French]; 3-Metil-butanolo [Italian]; MFCD00002934; FEMA No. 2057; HSDB 605; Methyl-3-butan-1-ol; Butan-1-ol, 3-methyl; EINECS 204-633-5; DEM9NIT1J4; Fuseloel; AI3-15288; Huile de fusel; CHEBI:15837; 3-METHYL-BUTAN-(1)-OL; Magnesium bis(3-methylbutan-1-olate); Isoamyl alcohol (primary and secondary); 3-Methyl-1-butanol, ACS reagent; iso-pentanol; WLN: Q2Y1 & 1; 3-Methyl-1-butanol, 98%, pure; 1-Hydroxy-3-Methylbutane; 6423-06-9; Isopentyl alcohol (8CI); 3-Methyl-1-butanol, 99%, for biochemistry, AcroSeal(R); iso-amylalcohol; isopentylalcohol; Isopentylalkohol; CCRIS 8806; 3-methylbutanoI; 3-methyl butanol; 3-methyl 1-butanol; 3-methyl-1 butanol; 3-methylbutane-1-ol; Butanol, 3-methyl-; 3-Methylbutan-1-ol.; ACMC-1ADLL; DSSTox_CID_5469; EC 204-633-5; DSSTox_RID_77799; DSSTox_GSID_25469; KSC175S7D; 3-Methyl-1-butanol, 98%; CHEMBL372396; QSPL 002; DTXSID3025469; Isoamyl alcohol, >=98%, FG; CTK0H5971; NSC1029; NSC7905; 3-Methyl-1-butanol, for analysis; ZINC896830; Isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl butanol); NSC-1029; NSC-7905; 1-$l^{1}-oxidanyl-3-methylbutane; 3-Methylbutanol, analytical standard; EINECS 229-179-5; Tox21_302359; 7340AF; ANW-18132; LMFA05000108; STL282718; 3-Methyl-1-butanol A.C.S. Reagent; 3-Methyl-1-butanol, LR, >=98%; AKOS000118739; NATURAL ISOAMYL ALCOHOL P & F; DB02296; LS-2837; MCULE-7411270401; 3-Methyl-1-butanol, p.a., 99.8%; Isoamyl alcohol, natural, >=98%, FG; KS-00000X06; 3-Methyl-1-butanol, analytical standard; NCGC00255329-01; 3-Methyl-1-butanol, anhydrous, >=99%; CAS-123-51-3; 3-Methyl-1-butanol, reagent grade, 98%; 3-Methyl-1-butanol, technical grade, 95%; ISOAMYL ALCOHOL ULTRA PURE GRADE 1L; FT-0616032; I0289; NS00008204; 1973-EP2281899A2; 1973-EP2316937A1; 3-Methyl-1-butanol, ACS reagent, >=98.5%; 3-Methyl-1-butanol, biotech. grade, >=99%; 3-Methyl-1-butanol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%; C07328; 74374-EP2269986A1; 74374-EP2308857A1; 74374-EP2380568A1; NATURAL ISOAMYL ALCOHOL - TECHNICAL GRADE; 117932-EP2287147A2; 117932-EP2298768A1; 3-Methyl-1-butanol, SAJ first grade, >=96.0%; Q223101; 3-Methyl-1-butanol, JIS special grade, >=98.0%; F0001-0367; Z955123582; UNII-2NK7O363Q6 component PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N; 3-Methylbutanol, BioReagent, for molecular biology, >=98.5%; 3-Methylbutanol, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=98.5% (GC); 3-Methylbutanol, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.0% (GC); ISOAMYL ALCOHOL;3-methylbutan-1-ol;Isopentanol;Isopentyl alcohol; 3-Methyl-1-butanol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard; 3-Methylbutanol, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 98.5%

CAS 123-51-3
EC (EINECS / ELINCS) 204-633-5
Indeksnyy nomer YES 603-006-00-7
Klass YES legkovosplamenyayushchiyesya, vrednyye

Khimicheskaya formula: C5H12O
Molyarnaya massa: 88,148 g / mol'
Vneshniy vid: prozrachnaya bestsvetnaya zhidkost'.
Plotnost': 0,8104 g / sm3 pri 20 ° C
Temperatura plavleniya: -117 [2] [3] ° C (-179 ° F, 156 K)
Temperatura kipeniya: 131,1 ° C (268,0 ° F, 404,2 K)
Rastvorimost' v vode: malo rastvorim, 28 g / l
Rastvorimost': khorosho rastvoryayetsya v atsetone, dietilovom efire, etanole.
Davleniye parov: 28 mm rt. St. (20 ° C) [3]
Magnitnaya vospriimchivost' (ch): -68,96 : 10-6 sm3 / mol'
Vyazkost': 3,692 mPa · s

Izoamilovyy spirt yavlyayetsya ingrediyentom pri proizvodstve bananovogo masla, slozhnogo efira, vstrechayushchegosya v prirode, a takzhe proizvodimogo v kachestve aromatizatora v promyshlennosti. Eto obychnyy sivushnyy spirt, kotoryy obrazuyetsya kak pobochnyy produkt fermentatsii etanola.

Vkhozhdeniye
Izoamilovyy spirt yavlyayetsya odnim iz komponentov aromata Tuber melanosporum, chernogo tryufelya.

Eto soyedineniye takzhe bylo identifitsirovano kak khimicheskoye veshchestvo v sostave feromona, ispol'zuyemogo shershnyami dlya privlecheniya drugikh chlenov ul'ya dlya napadeniya.

Izoamilatsetat yavlyayetsya komponentom natural'nogo aromata bananov, osobenno sorta Gro Mishel'.

Izvlecheniye iz sivushnogo masla
Izoamilovyy spirt mozhno otdelit' ot sivushnogo masla odnim iz dvukh metodov: vstryakhivaniyem s sil'nym rassolom i otdeleniyem maslyanistogo sloya ot rassol'nogo sloya; distillyatsiya i sbor fraktsii, kotoraya kipit mezhdu 125 i 140 ° C. Dal'neyshaya ochistka vozmozhna s pomoshch'yu etoy protsedury: vstryakhivaniye produkta s goryachey izvestkovoy vodoy, otdeleniye maslyanogo sloya, sushka produkta s khloridom kal'tsiya i yego distillyatsiya, sobiraya fraktsiyu s temperaturoy kipeniya ot 128 do 132 ° C.

Sintez
Izoamilovyy spirt mozhno sintezirovat' iz izobutanola putem preobrazovaniya v izovaleral'degid, kotoryy vposledstvii vosstanavlivayetsya do izobutilkarbinola s pomoshch'yu amal'gamy natriya. Eto bestsvetnaya zhidkost' plotnost'yu 0,8247 g / sm3 (0 ° C), kipyashchaya pri 131,6 ° C, slabo rastvorima v vode i legko rastvoryayetsya v organicheskikh rastvoritelyakh. Obladayet kharakternym rezkim zapakhom i rezkim zhguchim vkusom. Amilovyy spirt imeyet peroral'nuyu LD50 dlya myshey 200 mg / kg, chto pozvolyayet predpolozhit', chto on znachitel'no boleye toksichen, chem etanol. Propuskaya par cherez raskalennuyu trubku, on razlagayetsya na atsetilen, etilen, propilen i drugiye soyedineniya. On okislyayetsya khromovoy kislotoy do izovaleral'degida i obrazuyet kristally additivnykh soyedineniy s khloridom kal'tsiya i khloridom olova (IV).

Ispol'zuyet
Pomimo ispol'zovaniya v sinteze bananovogo masla, izoamilovyy spirt takzhe vkhodit v sostav reaktiva Kovacha, ispol'zuyemogo dlya bakterial'nogo diagnosticheskogo indol'nogo testa.

On takzhe ispol'zuyetsya v kachestve protivovspenivayushchego agenta v reagente khloroform-izoamilovyy spirt.

Izoamilovyy spirt ispol'zuyetsya v fenol-khloroformnoy ekstraktsii v smesi s khloroformom dlya dal'neyshego ingibirovaniya aktivnosti RNKazy i predotvrashcheniya rastvorimosti RNK s dlinnymi uchastkami poliadenina.

IDENTIFIKATSIYA PRODUKTA
Nazvaniye produkta Izoamilovyy spirt
Empiricheskaya formula C5H12O
Nomer CAS 123-51-3
Sinonimy 3-Meti-1-butanol, Izopentilovyy spirt
Fizicheskoye sostoyaniye Bestsvetnaya zhidkost'
Zapakh Grushevyye kapli, efir
Vyazkost' 7,2 mPa · s (pri 21 ° C)
Rastvorimost' v vode 28 g / l
Tochka kipeniya 131-132 ° C

PRILOZHENIYA
Izoamilovyy spirt ispol'zuyetsya v kachestve rastvoritelya dlya prigotovleniya sinteticheskikh fruktovykh aromatizatorov, takikh kak aromatizatory abrikosa, banana, bodrosti, zeleni, soloda, apel'sina, slivy i viski, a takzhe yavlyayetsya syr'yem pri proizvodstve sinteticheskogo bananovogo masla. Eto odna iz sostavlyayushchikh aromata chernogo tryufelya. On takzhe ispol'zuyetsya dlya otsenki zhirnosti moloka i molochnykh produktov.

On yavlyayetsya osnovnym ingrediyentom reaktiva Kovacha, ispol'zuyemogo dlya bakterial'nogo diagnosticheskogo testa na indol.

Sochetaniye yego svoystv delayet yego podkhodyashchim dlya ispol'zovaniya v kachestve sredstva dlya podavleniya penoobrazovaniya, vliyayushchego na poverkhnostnoye natyazheniye mikroemul'siy i vyzyvayushchego razrusheniye peny.

V kachestve rastvoritelya on nakhodit vse boleye shirokoye primeneniye v bol'shom kolichestve promyshlennykh primeneniy. Po sposobnosti k rastvoreniyu on nakhoditsya mezhdu obychnymi uglevodorodnymi rastvoritelyami i ketonami s boleye nizkim molekulyarnym vesom. Parafinovyy vosk rastvoryayetsya v goryachem izoamilovom spirte.

V sostav nekotorykh vysokomolekulyarnykh slozhnykh efirov i polyarnykh plastikov vkhodyat sistemy na osnove izoamilovogo spirta, naprimer efiry tsellyulozy. Shellak i karbamidoformal'degid. On yavlyayetsya razbavitelem nekotorykh tipografskikh krasok, lakov i rezinok.