PRODUCTS

MARLOX MO 154

Marlox Mo 154 is a non-ionic surfactant ideal for use in rinse aids.Marlox Mo 154 from alkoxylated alcohol is low foaming, biodegradable, offers excellent rinsing, and very good wetting and is a clear liquid fatty alcohol polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol ether with a setting point of about -7 ° C.

CAS NUMBER : 68439-51-0

SYNONYM :

Marlox Mo 154 ; alkoxylated alcohol ; Alcohols C12-14, ethoxylated, propoxylated ; Ethoxylated propoxylated C12-14 alcohols ; Linear (C12-C14) alkyl alcohols, ethoxylated, propoxylated ; alpha-Alkyl-omega-hydroxypoly (oxypropylene) and / or poly (oxyethylene) polymers where the alkyl chain contains a minimum of six carbons, minimum number average molecular weight (in amu) 1,100 ; Dehypon Ls-54 ; Ethoxylated propoxylated alcohols C12-14 ; C12-C14 Alcohols ethoxylated propoxylated ; Alcohols, C12-14, ethoxylated propoxylated

Marlox Mo 154 is a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide adds to a substrate. Marlox Mo 154 is the most widely practiced alkoxylation, which involves the addition of epoxides to substrates.In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R (OC2H4) nOH where n ranges from 1 to 10. Such compounds are called Marlox Mo 154 . Marlox Mo 154 are often converted to related species called ethoxysulfates. Marlox Mo 154 and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic an d other commercial products. The process is of great industrial significance with more than 2,000,000 metric tons of various ethoxylates produced worldwide in 1994. Production of Marlox Mo 154 .

The process was developed at the Ludwigshafen laboratories of IG Farben by Conrad Schöller an d Max Wittwer during the 1930s. Marlox Mo 154,Industrial Marlox Mo 154 is primarily performed upon fatty alcohols in order to generate fatty Marlox Mo 154 (FAE's), which are a common form of nonionic surfactant (eg octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether). Such alcohols may be obtained by the hydrogenation o f fatty acids from seed oils, or by hydroformylation in the Shell higher olefin process. The reaction proceeds by blowing ethylene oxide through the alcohol at 180 ° C and under 1-2 bar of pressure, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) serving as a catalyst. The process is highly exothermic (ΔH -92 kJ / mol of ethylene oxide reacted) and requires careful control to avoid a potentially disastrous thermal runaway . [ ROH + n C2H4O → R (OC2H4) nOH ]. The starting materials are usually primary alcohols as Marlox Mo 154 react ~ 10-30x faste r than do secondary alcohols. Typically 5-10 units of ethylene oxi de are added to each alcohol, however Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) can be more prone to Marlox Mo 154 than the starting alcohol, making the reaction difficult to control and leading to the formation of a product with varying repeat unit length (the value of n in the equation above). Better control can be afforded by the use of more sophisticated catalysts, which can be used to generate narrow-range ethoxylates. Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) are considered to be a high production volume ( HPV) chemical by the US EPA. [ Marlox Mo 154 / propoxylation )]

Marlox Mo 154 is sometimes combined with propoxylation, the analogous reaction using propylene oxide as the monomer. Both reactions are normally performed in the same reactor and may be run simultaneously to give a random polymer, or in alternation to obtain block c opolymers such as poloxamers.Propylene oxide is more hydrophobic than ethylene oxide and Marlox Mo 154 inclusion at low levels can significantly affect the properties of the surfactant. In particular Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) which have been 'capped' with ~ 1 propylene oxide unit are ext ensively marketed as defoamers. Ethox ysulfates ; Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) are often converted to the corresponding organosulfates, which can be easily deprotonated to give anionic surfactants such as sodium laureth sulfate. Being salts, ethoxysulfates exhibit good water solubility (high HLB value).

The conversion is achieved by treating Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated al cohol) with sulfur trioxide. Laboratory scale synthesis may be perfo rmed using chlorosulfuric acid : R (OC2H4) nOH + SO3 → R (OC2H4) nOSO3H ; R ( OC2H4 ) nOH + HSO3Cl → R (OC2H4) nOSO3H + HCl. The resulting sulfate esters ar e neutralized to give the salt : R (OC2H4) nOSO3H + NaOH → R (OC2H4) nOSO3Na + H2O . Small volumes are neutralized with alkanolamines such as triethanolamine (TEA). In 2006, 382,500 metric tons of alcohol ethoxysulfates ( Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol)) were consumed in North America. Other materials ; Although alcohols are by far the major substrate for Marlox Mo 154 , many nucleophiles are reactive toward ethylene oxide. Primary amines will react to give di-chain materials such as polyethoxylated tallow amine. The reaction of ammonia produces important bulk chemicals such as ethanolamine, dietha nolamine, and triethanolamine. Appli cations of ethoxylated products Marlox Mo 154 (AE) and alcohol ethoxysulfates ( Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol)) are surfactants found in products such as laundry detergents, surface cleaners, cosmetics, agricultural products, textiles, and paint. { Marlox Mo 154 }. As Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) based surfactants are non-ionic typically require longer ethoxylate chains than their sulfonated analogues in order to be water-soluble. Examples synthesized on an industrial scale include octyl phenol ethoxylate, polysorbate 80 and poloxamers.

Marlox Mo 154 is commonly practiced, albeit on a much smaller scale, in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries to increase water solubility and, in the case of pharmaceuticals, circulatory half-life of non-polar organic compounds. In this application, Marlox Mo 154 is known as "PEGylation" (polyethylene oxide is synonymous with polyethylene glycol, abbreviated as PEG). Carbon chain length is 8-18 while the ethoxylated chain is usually 3 to 12 ethylene oxides long in home products.They feature both lipophilic tails, indicated by the alkyl group abbreviation, R, and relatively polar headgroups, representation nted by the formula (OC2H4) nOH. Alcohol ethoxysulfates ; Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) found in consumer products generally are linear alcohols, which could be mixtures of entirely linear alkyl chains or of both linear and mono-branched alkyl chains. A high-volume example of these is sodium laureth sulfate a foaming agent in shampoos and liquid soaps, as well as industrial detergents. Environmental and safety, Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol).

Marlox Mo 154 are not observed to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or skin sensitizers, nor cause reproductive or developmental effects. One byproduct of Marlox Mo 154 is 1,4-dioxane, a possible human carcinogen.Undiluted Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) can cause dermal or eye irritation. In aqueous solution, the level of irritation is dependent on the concentration. Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) are considered to have low to moderate toxicity for acute oral exposure, low acute dermal toxicity, and have mild irritation potential for skin and eyes at concentrati ons found in consumer products. Aquatic and environmental aspects ; Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) are usually released down the drain, where they may be adsorbed into solids and biodegrade through anaerobic processes, with ~ 28-58% degraded in the sewer.The remaining Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) are treated at waste water treatment plants and biodegraded via aerobic processes with less than 0.8% of Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) released in effluent.If released into surface waters, sediment or soil, Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) will degrade through aerobic and anaerobic processes or be taken up by plants and animals.

For branched alcohol exthoxylates, toxicity ranges from 0.5 mg / l to 50 mg / l.The EC50 toxicity for algae from linear and branched Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) was 0.05 mg / l to 50 mg / l. Acute toxicity to fish ranges from LC50 values for linear AE of 0.4 mg / l to 100 mg / l, and branched is 0.25 mg / l to 40 mg / l. For invertebrates, algae and fish the essentially linear and branched Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) are considered to not have g reater than Linear AE. Alcohol ethoxysulfates ( Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) s) Biodegradation of Marlox Mo 154 The degradation of Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) proceeds by ω- or β-oxidation of the alkyl chain, enzymatic hydrolysis of the sulfate ester, and by cleavage of an ether bond in the Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) producing alcohol or Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) and an ethylene glycol sulfate. Studies of aerobic processes also found Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) to be readily biodegradable.The half-life of both AE and Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) in surface water is estimated to be less than 12 hours.The removal of Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) due to degradation via anaerobic processes is esti mated to be between 75 and 87%. In water ; Flow-through laboratory tests in a terminal pool of Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) with mollusks found the NOEC of a snail, Goniobasis and the Asian clam, Corbicula to be greater than 730 ug / L. Corbicula growth was measured to be affected at a concentration of 75 ug / L. The mayfly, genus Tricorythodes has a normalized density NOEC value of 19 0 ug / L. Human safety of Marlox Mo 154 . Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) has not been found to be genotoxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic.

Alcohols, C8-10, ethoxylated, propoxylated, ( Marlox Mo 154 ) are a small subset of alcohol ethoxylates which have many applications, but are primarily used in detergents and as surfactants because they are particularly effective at removing oily soils. They are also used in commercial and residential cleaner s and hydraulic fracturing. Marlox Mo 154 (alcohol ethoxylate) s are a class of compounds that are commonly used throughout many industrial practices and commercial markets. These compounds are synthesized via the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, resulting in a molecule that consists of two main components, the oleophilic, carbon-rich, fatty alcohol and the hydr ophilic, polyoxyethylene chain. Due the basic structure of these compounds that pair a hydrophobic portion (water-hating) with a hydrophilic component (water-loving), Marlox Mo 154 (alcohol ethoxylate) s are a versatile class of compounds, commonly referred to as surfactants. Marlox Mo 154 (alcohol ethoxylate) surfactants enhance the mixing and solubilization of oil and water by having these contrasting sections within the same compound. With this unique structure, a single molecule can inhabit the interface of two immiscible phases (ie oil and water), effectively bringing them closer together and lowering the interfacial energy associated between them. By lowering this energy, many novel solution applications can be accessed by increasing the homogeneity of these tw o previously immiscible phases.

IUPAC NAME :

Aduxol VP-4648 ; Ethoxylated propoxylated C12-14 alcohols ; Linear (C12-C14) alkyl alcohols, ethoxylated, propoxylated ; Alcohols, C12-14, ethoxylated propoxylated

TRADE NAME :

Marlox OP1 ; Eumulgin ; Aethoxal B ; ; Agrimul LS 52 R ; 5-EO + 2-PO (Random) ; Alcohols, C12-14, ethoxylated propoxylated ; Alcools en C12-14 éthoxylés et propoxylés ; Alkohole, C12-14, ethoxyliert propoxyliert ; Alkoxy alcohols, C12-14, ethoxylated propoxylated ; Antarox RA-40 ; BDF-251 ; 5-EO + 4-PO ; Be 7121 ; Berol 087 ; Berol 185 ; BF 4419 Dehydol LS 54 ; Dehydran 1620

OTHER NAME :

1432446-63- 3 ; 146239 -50-1 ; 149175-82-6 ; 188132-64-1 ; 477567-86-5 ; 92228-88-1 ; 68439-51-0

Marlox Mo 154 (alcohol ethoxylate) s can vary widely in their properties and applications because the materials used to make these products can vary in their structures and amounts. For instance, fatty alcohols, which are commonly sourced from natural materials, can provide different structures depending on the plant from which they were extracted. Common natural sources of fatty alcohols include the palm oil tree (including both palm oil and palm kernel oil), oils from the coconut tree, and the oil from rapeseed. Each of these natural sources differs in Marlox Mo 154 distribution of carbon chains, making an Marlox Mo 154 (alcohol ethoxylate) from coconut oil alcohol different from an Marlox Mo 154 (alcohol ethoxylate) made from th e alcohol of a palm kernel oil. Oxiteno offers a wide array of Marlox Mo 154 (alcohol ethoxylate) s that have been sourced from natural materials ( Marlox Mo 154 (alcohol ethoxylate) s), each of which provide a unique set of application properties.

Additionally, fatty alcohols can also be synthesized from petroleum products, providing unique structures in the hydrophobic moiety that are not commonly observed in nature. Branched alcohols and alcohols of specific carbon distributions can be attained using synthetic starting materials, all of which strongly affect the Marlox Mo 154 (alcohol ethoxylate) 's final properties. If you're seeking surfactant companies, please visit the Oxiteno website to see our large portfolio of Marlox Mo 154 (alcohol ethox ylate) s from synthetic sources. Alternatively, the length of the polyoxyethylene component (ie the hydrophilic portion) of the Marlox Mo 154 (alcohol ethoxylate) provides this class of compounds with a wide assortment of water solubilities and detergency properties. Increasing the amount of ethylene oxide on the Marlox Mo 154 (alcohol ethoxylate) typically increases Marlox Mo 154 water solubility, as well as increases the hydrophilic / lipophilic balance (HLB) of the compound. Ranging in arbitrary units of 1-20, the HLB of a nonionic surfactant can be calculated and used to determine the propensity of a compound to work effectively in a given solution of oil and water.

Lower HLB values (<10) are commonly used for oil-rich solutions while surfactants with higher HLB values (> 10) are typically most effic ient in oil-in-water emulsions. Marlox Mo 154 is a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide adds to a substrate. Marlox Mo 154 is the most widely practiced alkoxylation, which involves the addi tion of epoxides to substrates. In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R (OC2H4) nOH where n ranges from 1 to 10. Such compounds are called Marlox Mo 154 . Marlox Mo 154 are often converted to related species called ethoxysulfates. Marlox Mo 154 and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic a nd other commercial products. The process is of great industrial significance with more than 2,000,000 metric tons of various ethoxyla tes produced worldwide in 1994. Production of Marlox Mo 154 . The process was developed at the Ludwigshafen laboratories of IG Farben by Conrad Schöller an d Max Wittwer during the 1930s.

Industrial Marlox Mo 154 is primarily performed upon fatty alcohols in order to generate fatty Marlox Mo 154 (FAE's), which are a common form of nonionic surfactant (eg octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether). Such alcohols may be obtained by the hydrogenation o f fatty acids from seed oils, or by hydroformylation in the Shell higher olefin process. The reaction proceeds by blowing ethylene oxide through the alcohol at 180 ° C and under 1-2 bar of pressure, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) serving as a catalyst. The process is highly exothermic (ΔH -92 kJ / mol of ethylene oxide reacted) and requires careful control to avoid a potentia lly disastrous thermal runaway. ROH + n C2H4O → R (OC2H4) nOH. The starting materials are usually primary alcohols as they react ~ 10-30x faste r than do secondary alcohols. Typically 5-10 units of ethylene oxi de are added to each alcohol, however Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) can be more prone to Marlox Mo 154 than the starting alcohol, making the reaction difficult to control and leading to the formation of a product with varying repeat unit length (the value of n in the equation above). Better control can be afforded by the use of m orre sophisticated catalysts, which can be used to generate narrow-range ethoxylates.

Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) are considered to be a high production volume ( HPV) chemical by the US EPA. Marlox Mo 154 propoxylation, Marlox Mo 154 is sometimes combined with propoxylation, the analogous reaction using propylene oxide as the monomer. Both reactions are normally performed in the same reactor and may be run simultaneously to give a random polymer, or in alternation to obtain block c opolymers such as poloxamers. Propylene oxide is more hydrophobic than ethylene oxide and Marlox Mo 154 inclusion at low levels can significantly affect the properties of the surfactant. In particular Marlox Mo 154 (alkoxylated alcohol) which have been 'capped' with ~ 1 propylene oxide unit are extensively marketed as defoamers.

Alcohol alkoxylate ( Marlox Mo 154 ), also known as Plurafac, Poloxalene, or Pluronic, is a clear or slightly yellow liquid but can also appear in granular form. It is a copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. What Does Alcohol alkoxylate ( Marlox Mo 154 ) Do in Our products? Alcohol alkoxylate ( Marlox Mo 154 ) is a surfactant used in household cleaning products as ar inse aid to prevent spotting. Marlox Mo 154 is also a wett ing agent that controls foam. We use Marlox Mo 154 in our dishwasher detergent. Why Puracy Uses Alcohol alkoxylate ( Marlox Mo 154 ) Alcohol alkoxylate ( Marlox Mo 154 ) is a mild eye and skin irritant. Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in Marlox Mo 154 body care and clea ning product quality standards. How Alcohol alkoxylate ( Marlox Mo 154 ) Is Made Alcohol alkoxylate ( Marlox Mo 154 ) has a trade-secret formula but is derived from sugar.

Marlox Mo 154 for alkoxylates of aliphatic alcohols (C ³6) or alcohol alkoxylates ( Marlox Mo 154 ) is conducted in conjunction with the other IMAP Human Health Tier II assessments for ethoxylates of and propoxylates of aliphatic alcohols (C ³6) (NICNASa ; NICNASb) . Three assessments in this series are based on the analogue chain-length category approach (OECD, 2014), including structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses of these chemicals and their physiochemical, toxicokinetic and toxicological profiles. The SAR information is mainly derived from available data for alcohol ethoxylates ( Marlox Mo 154 ) where applicable (NICNASa). In Marlox Mo 154 , the chemicals will be referred to as Marlox Mo 154 and the individual alkoxylate units (either ethoxylate or propoxylate) as AO. Although most Marlox Mo 154 in this group are polymers according to the definition in the National Industrial Chemicals (Notification and Assessment) Act (1989), the individual members do not necessarily meet the criteria for polymers of low concern (please refer to NICNAS PLC criteria available at nicnas.gov.au), based on molecular weight (MW). These AA polymers share similar uses as nonionic surfactants in cosmetic products, including in baby, personal care, and fragrance products. They are also used in domestic and commercial products, including in laundry detergents, household and industrial cleaners (see Import, Manufacture & Use section).

The Marlox Mo 154 in Marlox Mo 154 are structurally related, where the hydrophilic alkoxylate (AO) chain is attached via an ether linkage to the hydrophobic aliphatic alcohol chain (C ³6). The alkoxylate chain comprises mixed polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) repeats, which may be block, alternating, or randomly ordered chains (Lindner, 2010 ; CIR, 2016).Marlox Mo 154 can be linear, branched, saturated or unsaturated in the AA group. Alkoxylated shorter chain alcohols (C <6) do not show the same degree of surface activity compared with longer chains, and hence they are not included in Marlox Mo 154 . A notation of 'Cx – yAOn' will be used to represent the corresponding Marlox Mo 154 in Marlox Mo 154 . n = average number of alkoxylation (AO) units x – y = range of carbon units (C ³6) Generally, increasing the carbon chain length increases lipophilicity, whereas increasing alkoxylation increases hydrophilicity of the chemical. For surfactants of similar chain length, increasing ethoxylate content increases hydrophilicity, while increasing propoxylate content increases lipophilicity. These trends are consistent across the linear, branched, saturated or unsaturated Marlox Mo 154 of varying alkyl chain lengths and alkoxylation degrees (Lindner, 2010).

Marlox Mo 154 was demonstrated that branching of the Marlox Mo 154 had a relatively minor impact on calculated partition coefficients (Kow), and hence their biological properties (Lindner, 2010). Further, for unsaturated Marlox Mo 154 , as the point of unsaturation is generally remote from the carbon where the alkoxylate chain is attached, they are expected to have similar physiochemical properties to saturated Marlox Mo 154 . On the basis of the analogue and chain-length approach (ie by considering similarities and trends in molecular structure, physiochemical properties (Kow), uses, and hazard profiles), the Marlox Mo 154 in Marlox Mo 154 are qualified to be assessed as a group. According to CIR (2016), the only difference between Marlox Mo 154 and Marlox Mo 154 (analogues) is the inclusion of PPG units for fine- 29/06/2020 IMAP Group Assessment Report ; tuning the surfactant properties of the AA chemicals. Available data for any Marlox Mo 154 or read-across information from analogues will be applicable to group members where data are incomplete or unavailable.

Overall, Marlox Mo 154 are not expected to be systemically , although some short chain ethylene glycol ethers, eg methyl and ethyl homologues are of concern for a range of adverse health effects. They include skin and eye irritation, liver and kidney damage, bone marrow and central nervous system (CNS) depression, testicular atrophy, developmental toxicity, and immunotoxicity. For higher propyl and butyl homologues, the toxicity involves haemolysis (anaemia) with secondary effects relating to haemosiderin accumulation in the spleen, liver and kidney, and compensatory haematopoiesis in the bone marrow. Systemic toxicity was shown to decrease with increasing alkyl chain lengths and / or alkoxylation degrees (ECETOC, 2005 ; US EPA, 2010). The chemicals ethylene glycol hexyl ether (with a longer alkyl chain length, CAS No.112-25-4) and diethylene glycol butyl ether (with a higher ethoxylation degree, CAS No.112-34-5) have no evidence of systemic effects including haemolysis (ECETOC, 2005 ; NICNASc). Commercially available Marlox Mo 154 are mixtures of homologues of varying carbon chain lengths and Marlox Mo 154 is possible that some of the chemicals with an average alkyl chain length C ³6 may also contain shorter alkyl chains C <6. Marlox Mo 154 is not practical to quantify the proportion of shorter C <6 chain lengths present in such chemicals, or these shorter chain lengths may not be present at all. The available data suggest a lack of systemic toxicity for the AE chemicals with potential short alkyl chain presence (NICNASa) ; Therefore, the toxicity of the chemicals in Marlox Mo 154 is unlikely to be significantly affected by the presence of shorter chain alkyl groups.

Marlox Mo 154 is based on a C12-14 fatty alcohol. Marlox Mo 154 can basically be mixed with anionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactants. Marlox Mo 154 can be used as a wetting agent in metalworking and electroplating applications. For the treatment of infections caused by gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria and Mycoplasma. Especially, Marlox Mo 154 is highly effective on pathogens resistance to other antibiotics. Cattle, pigs, dogs, cats, goats, sheep : Salmonellosis, porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), enzootic pneumonia, pasteurellosis, diarrhea, arthritis, edema disease, metritis, mastitis, dermatitis. Poultry : CRD, CRD Complex, salmonellosis, pasteurellosis, sinusitis. Ethoxylated propoxylated fatty alcohol. Dispersing and wetting agent.

Ethoxylation is a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide adds to a substrate. Marlox Mo 154 is the most widely practiced alkoxylation, which involves the addi tion of epoxides to substrates. In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R (OC2H4) nOH where n ranges from 1 to 10. Such compounds are called alcohol ethoxylates. Alcohol ethoxylates are often converted to related species called ethoxysulfates. Alcohol ethoxylates and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic an d other commercial products. The process is of great industrial significance with more than 2,000,000 metric tons of various ethoxylates produced worldwide in 1994. Alcohol ethoxylates ; Industrial ethoxylation is primarily performed upon fatty alcohols in order to generate fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAE's), which are a common form of nonionic surfactant (eg octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether). Such alcohols may be obtained by the hydrogenation of fatty acids from seed oils, or by hydroformylation in the Shell higher olefin process. [The reaction proceeds by blowing ethylene oxide through the alcohol at 180 ° C and under 1-2 bar of pressure, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) serving as a catalyst.

The process is highly exothermic (ΔH -92 kJ / mol of ethylene oxide reacted) and requires careful control to avoid a potentially disastrous thermal runaway.ROH + n C2H4O → R (OC2H4) nOH. The starting materials are usually primary alcohols as they react ~ 10-30x faster than do secondary alcohols. Typically 5-10 units of ethylene oxide are added to each alcohol,however ethoxylated alcohols can be more prone to ethoxylation than the starting alcohol, making the reaction difficult to control and leading to the formation of a product with varying repeat unit length (the value of n in the equation above). Better control can be afforded by the use of more sophisticated catalysts, which can be used to generate narrow-range ethoxylates. Ethoxylated alcohols ( Marlox Mo 154 ) are considered to be a high production volume (HPV) chemical by the US EPA. Ethoxylation / propoxylation, Ethoxylation ( Marlox Mo 154 ) is sometimes combined with propoxylation, the analogous reaction using propylene oxide as the monomer. Both reactions are normally performed in the same reactor and may be run simultaneously to give a random polymer, or in alternation to obtain block copolymers such as poloxamers.Propylene oxide is more hydrophobic than ethylene oxide and Marlox Mo 154 inclusion at low levels can significantly affect the properties of the surfactant. In particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols which have been 'capped' with ~ 1 propylene oxide unit are extensively marketed as defoamers. Ethoxysulfates, Marlox Mo 154 are often converted to the corresponding organosulfates, which can be easily deprotonated to give anionic surfactants such as sodium laureth sulfate.

Being salts, ethoxysulfates exhibit good water solubility (high HLB value). The conversion is achieved by treating ethoxylated alcohols with sulfur trioxide.Laboratory scale synthesis may be performed using chlorosulfuric acid, R (OC2H4) nOH + SO3 → R (OC2H4) nOSO3H ; R (OC2H4) nOH + HSO3Cl → R (OC2H4) nOSO3H + HCl. The resulting sulfate esters are neutralized to give the salt : R (OC2H4) nOSO3H + NaOH → R ( OC2H4) nOSO3Na + H2O; Small volumes are neutralized with alkanolamines such as triethanolamine (TEA).In 2006, 382,500 metric tons of alcohol ethoxysulfates ( Marlox Mo 154 ) were consumed in North America. Although alcohols are by far the major substrate for ethoxylation, many nucleophiles are reactive toward ethylene oxide. Primary amines will react to give di-chain materials such as polyethoxylated tallow amine. The reaction of ammonia produces important bulk chemicals such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine. Applications of ethoxylated products Alcohol ethoxylates (AE).

Marlox Mo 154 and alcohol ethoxysulfates ( Marlox Mo 154 ) are surfactants found in products such as laundry detergents, surface cleaners, cosmetics, agricultural products, textiles, and paint.Alcohol ethoxylates,As alcohol ethoxylate based surfactants are non-ionic they typically require longer ethoxylate chains than their sulfonated analogues in order to be water-soluble.Examples synthesized on an industrial scale include octyl phenol ethoxylate, polysorbate 80 and poloxamers. Ethoxylation ( Marlox Mo 154 ) is commonly practiced, albeit on a much smaller scale, in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries to increase water solubility and, in the case of pharmaceuticals, circulatory half-life of non-polar organic compounds. In this application, ethoxylation is known as "PEGylation" (polyethylene oxide is synonymous with polyethylene glycol, abbreviated as PEG). Carbon chain length is 8-18 while the ethoxylated chain is usually 3 to 12 ethylene oxides long in home products.They feature both lipophilic tails, indicated by the alkyl group abbreviation, R, and relatively polar headgroups, represented by the formula (OC2H4) nOH. Alcohol ethoxysulfates ; Marlox Mo 154 found in consumer products generally are linear alcohols, which could be mixtures of entirely linear alkyl chains or of both linear and mono-branched alkyl chains.

A high-volume example of these ( Marlox Mo 154 ) is sodium laureth sulfate a foaming agent in shampoos and liquid soaps, as well as industrial detergents.Environmental and safety,this section relies too much on references to primary sources. Please improve this section by adding secondary or tertiary sources. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Alcohol ethoxylates ( Marlox Mo 154 ). Human health ; Alcohol ethoxylates are not observed to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or skin sensitizers, nor cause reproductive or developmental effects.One byproduct of ethoxylation is 1,4-dioxane, a possible human carcinogen.Undiluted Marlox Mo 154 can cause dermal or eye irritation. In aqueous solution, the level of irritation is dependent on the concentration. Marlox Mo 154 are considered to have low to moderate toxicity for acute oral exposure, low acute dermal toxicity, and have mild irritation potential for skin and eyes at concentrations found in consumer products. Aquatic and environmental aspects,Marlox Mo 154 are usually released down the drain, where they may be adsorbed into solids and biodegrade through anaerobic processes, with ~ 28--58% degraded in the sewer.

The remaining Marlox Mo 154 are treated at waste water treatment plants and biodegraded via aerobic processes with less than 0.8% of Marlox Mo 154 released in effluent.If released into surface waters, sediment or soil, Marlox Mo 154 will degrade through aerobic and anaerobic processes or be taken up by plants and animals. Toxicity to certain invertebrates has a range of EC50 values for linear AE from 0.1 mg / l to greater than 100 mg / l. For branched alcohol exthoxylates, toxicity ranges from 0.5 mg / l to 50 mg / l.The EC50 toxicity for algae from linear and branched Marlox Mo 154 was 0.05 mg / l to 50 mg / l. Acute toxicity to fish ranges from LC50 values for linear AE of 0.4 mg / l to 100 mg / l, and branched is 0.25 mg / l to 40 mg / l. For invertebrates, algae and fish the essentially linear and branched Marlox Mo 154 are considered to not have greater toxicity than Linear AE.Alcohol ethoxysulfates ( Marlox Mo 154 s).

Biodegradation,The degradation of Marlox Mo 154 proceeds by ω- or β-oxidation of the alkyl chain, enzymatic hydrolysis of the sulfate ester, and by cleavage of an ether bond in the Marlox Mo 154 producing alcohol or alcohol ethoxylate and an ethylene glycol sulfate. Studies of aerobic processes also found Marlox Mo 154 to be readily biodegradable.The half-life of both AE and Marlox Mo 154 in surface water is estimated to be less than 12 hours.The removal of Marlox Mo 154 due to degradation via anaerobic processes is estimated to be between 75 and 87%. In water,Flow-through laboratory tests in a terminal pool of Marlox Mo 154 with mollusks found the NOEC of a snail, Goniobasis and the Asian clam, Corbicula to be greater than 730 ug / L. Corbicula growth was measured to be affected at a concentration of 75 ug / L.The mayfly, genus Tricorythodes has a normalized density NOEC value of 190 ug / L.

Marlox Mo 154 is a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide adds to a substrate. Marlox Mo 154 is the most widely practiced alkoxylation, which involves the addition of epoxides to substrates. In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R (OC2H4) nOH where n ranges from 1 to 10. Such compounds are called alcohol ethoxylates. Alcohol ethoxylates are often converted to related species called ethoxysulfates. Alcohol ethoxylates and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic and other commercial products.The process (ANTAROX: LF-224) is of great industrial significance with more than 2,000,000 metric tons of various ethoxylates produced worldwide in 1994.

Used in industrial formulations requiring low foam, dairy and food plant cleaning formulations, ambient temperature spray metal cleaners, mechanical dishwashing and rinse aid formulations, laundry detergents and textile scouring and wetting . Exhibits acid stability. Marlox Mo 154 is used for the following applications : industrial formulations requiring low foam applications ; ANTAROX: LF-224 dairy and food plant cleaning formulations ; ambient temperature industrial spray metal cleaners ; mechanical dishwashing and rinse aid formulations ; laundry detergents ; and textile scouring and wetting. Marlox Mo 154 is stable to acid and has a cloud point of 10 C to 20 C below operating temperature.

Marlox Mo 154 grades are fatty alcohol alkoxylates. The Marlox Mo 154 grades are oleochemical sourced. Marlox Mo 154 are alkoxylated special grades which provide very low foaming properties. The physical form varies from liquid to solid, even granules are available. Marlox Mo 154 grades are versatile useable and provide properties such as wetting, soil removal, low foaming and emulsification. Low foaming surfactants are nonionic surfactants which are modified either by degree of alkoxylation or modified alkyl chain. The modification reduces the foam capacity. All low foaming surfactants are liquid, either 100% active or in a water diluted solution. The solubility of the low foaming surfactants increases in line with their cloud point. Products with a cloud point below room temperature can be made to form clear solutions by adding solubilizers such as alcohols or glycols.

Marlox Mo 154 is a Low-foaming fatty alcohol EO / PO derivative, Marlox Mo 154 is great for use in industrial application where low foam in necessary. Marlox Mo 154 is suitable for the preparation of pretreatment agents for various fiber fabrics, which is beneficial to the shedding and dispersion of the oil agent. The treatment agent foam prepared by Marlox Mo 154 is lower than that of JFC. Marlox Mo 154 is used as emulsifier, penetrant and detergent in other industries. Marlox Mo 154 grades are fatty alcohol alkoxylates. The Marlox Mo 154 grades are oleochemical sourced. Marlox Mo 154 are alkoxylated special grades which provide very low foaming properties. The physical form varies from liquid to solid, even granules are available.

Marlox Mo 154 grades are versatile useable and provide properties such as wetting, soil removal, low foaming and emulsification. Low foaming surfactants are nonionic surfactants which are modified either by degree of alkoxylation or modified alkyl chain. The modification reduces the foam capacity. All low foaming surfactants are liquid, either 100% active or in a water diluted solution. The solubility of the low foaming surfactants increases in line with their cloud point. Products with a cloud point below room temperature can be made to form clear solutions by adding solubilizers such as alcohols or glycols. Marlox Mo 154 is a Low-foaming fatty alcohol EO / PO derivative, Marlox Mo 154 is great for use in industrial application where low foam in necessary. Marlox Mo 154 is suitable for the preparation of pretreatment agents for various fiber fabrics, which is beneficial to the shedding and dispersion of the oil agent. The treatment agent foam prepared by Marlox Mo 154 is lower than that of JFC. A thermo-separating aqueous two-phase system composed of Marlox Mo 154 LS 54, a polymeric surfactant and the waxy maize starch (amylopectin starch), has been used for partitioning of cutinase as a model protein. The phase diagram obtained for this novel polymer-polymer two-phase system shows two-phases with high polymer concentration. The waxy maize starch is enriched in the bottom phase while the copolymer of Ethylene Oxide (EO) and Propylene Oxide (PO) is found in the upper phase.

Since, this copolymer ( Marlox Mo 154 ) is the thermo-reactive, the upper phase can be removed and heated above the copolymer's cloud-point resulting in the formation of a new two-phase system with a lower water phase containing the target protein and an upper copolymer-rich phase. Present results show that the systems were formed by the waxy maize starch and a copolymer Marlox Mo 154 LS 54 may be considered as an interesting alternative to be used in protein purification due to t heir low cost, in addition, Marlox Mo 154 offer a viable solution to problems of polymer removal and recycling. Block copolymers have a long history as industrial surfactants. The major types of block copolymers, such as those made from ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) or EO and styrene, are cheap and easy to tailor-make for specific applications.

The water-soluble EO-PO block copolymers are stable over a wide pH range and compatible with all other types o f surfactants. In addition, are mild to the skin and hair, a property related to their high molecular weight. In the manufacture of an amphiphilic block copolymer for a specific application there are several degrees of freedom as compared with the synthesis of conventional, low-molecular weight surfactants,the size of both the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic part can be varied at will ,the molecular weight can be varied within wide ranges while maintaining constant hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, and the properties and function of a block copolymer at an interface, eg oil-water, can be governed by the molecular architecture. As an example, an EO-PO-EO triblock polymer is preferred as steric stabilizer of oil-in-water emulsions whereas water-in-oil emulsions may be better served with a copolymer of PO-EO-PO type. In more recent times slow degradability in the environment of the major type of water-soluble block copolymers, the EO-PO based compounds, has become a major obstacle for both household and industrial use of the products.

Improved biodegradability is probably the strongest driving force for the development of new surfactants today and products which do not meet the OECD guideline in rate of degradation into carbon dioxide and water are challenged by alternative products, even if these are more expensive or not as good in terms of technical performance. Environmental considerations have already limited the use of EO-PO block copolymers and are likely to do so even more in the future. Even so, water-soluble block copolymers are still an important surfactant class. The various types of EO-PO based products, constitute the vast majority but ethylene oxide-butylene oxide (EO-BO) copolymers are also on the market. The three smallest alkylene oxide monomers, EO, PO and BO, all give a linear polymer backbone consisting of a repeating CCO- segment.