MORPHOLINE

MORPHOLINE

CAS: 110-91-8
EC NUMARASI: 203-815-1

SYNONYMS:
MORPHOLINE; 110-91-8; 1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane; Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine; Diethylene oximide; Diethylenimide oxide; Diethyleneimide oxide; Drewamine; Diethylene imidoxide; morpholin; Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine; Tetrahydro-p-oxazine; p-Isoxazine, tetrahydro-; Tetrahydro-1,4-isoxazine; BASF 238; Caswell No. 584; Morpholine, 4-soya alkyl derivs.; 2H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-; 4H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-; NSC 9376; UNII-8B2ZCK305O; CCRIS 2482; HSDB 102; EINECS 203-815-1; UN2054; C4H9NO; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 054701; BRN 0102549; Tetrahydro-4H-1-4-oxazine; AI3-01231; 8B2ZCK305O; CHEBI:34856; MFCD00005972; 61791-40-0; Morpholine [UN2054] [Flammable liquid]; DSSTox_CID_5688; DSSTox_RID_77880; DSSTox_GSID_25688; Morpholine, 99+%, extra pure; Morpholine, 99+%, ACS reagent; CAS-110-91-8; MORPHOLINE,REAG; Tetrahydro-p-isoxazine; MORPHOLINE, PRACT; morphline; Morpholine, 99.5%, purified by redistillation, AcroSeal(R); morpho line; morpholine-; EINECS 263-172-8; 4H-1, tetrahydro-; PubChem15002; Morpholine Reagent Grade; Morpholine on Rasta Resin; WLN: T6M DOTJ; 1,4$l^{2}-oxazinane; EC 203-815-1; NCIMech_000154; Tetrahydro-1, 4-isoxazine; NCIOpen2_007748; Oprea1_317540; Tetryhydro-2H-1,4-oxazine; Tetrahydro-4H-1,4-Oxazine; 4-27-00-00015 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); KSC175A0J; BIDD:ER0297; ACMC-20997q; Morpholine, analytical standard; CHEMBL276518; DTXSID2025688; CTK0H5004; NSC9376; BCP24054; NSC-9376; STR00194; ZINC1699948; Tox21_202450; Tox21_303240; ANW-16212; STL182843; AKOS000118829; Morpholine, ACS reagent, >=99.0%; Morpholine, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%; DB13669; MCULE-4684386765; NA 2054; NE10420; UN 2054; KS-00000V97; NCGC00249227-01; NCGC00256942-01; NCGC00259999-01; SC-19088; Morpholine, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%; DB-030063; Morpholine [UN2054] [Flammable liquid]; FT-0628993; M0465; NS00010190; Morpholine purified by distillation from glass; 1031-EP2269992A1; 1031-EP2269993A1; 1031-EP2270004A1; 1031-EP2270006A1; 1031-EP2270010A1; 1031-EP2270113A1; 1031-EP2272509A1; 1031-EP2272517A1; 1031-EP2272813A2; 1031-EP2272817A1; 1031-EP2272827A1; 1031-EP2272832A1; 1031-EP2272834A1; 1031-EP2272835A1; 1031-EP2272839A1; 1031-EP2272840A1; 1031-EP2272841A1; 1031-EP2272844A1; 1031-EP2272848A1; 1031-EP2272849A1; 1031-EP2272935A1; 1031-EP2272972A1; 1031-EP2272973A1; 1031-EP2274983A1; 1031-EP2275102A1; 1031-EP2275395A2; 1031-EP2275401A1; 1031-EP2275403A1; 1031-EP2275404A1; 1031-EP2275410A1; 1031-EP2275411A2; 1031-EP2275413A1; 1031-EP2275422A1; 1031-EP2277848A1; 1031-EP2277858A1; 1031-EP2277872A1; 1031-EP2277877A1; 1031-EP2277880A1; 1031-EP2277881A1; 1031-EP2280001A1; 1031-EP2280004A1; 1031-EP2280005A1; 1031-EP2280006A1; 1031-EP2280008A2; morpholine; Morfolin; Morpholine; MORPHOLIN; morfoline; MorphoLine; 1031-EP2305219A1; 1031-EP2305250A1; 1031-EP2305629A1; 1031-EP2305633A1; 1031-EP2305648A1; 1031-EP2305651A1; 1031-EP2305652A2; 1031-EP2305672A1; 1031-EP2305674A1; 1031-EP2305675A1; 1031-EP2305677A1; 1031-EP2305679A1; 1031-EP2305682A1; 1031-EP2305687A1; 1031-EP2305695A2; 1031-EP2305696A2; 1031-EP2305697A2; 1031-EP2305698A2; 1031-EP2308479A2; 1031-EP2308509A1; 1031-EP2308510A1; 1031-EP2308562A2; 1031-EP2308812A2; 1031-EP2308833A2; 1031-EP2308838A1; 1031-EP2308839A1; 1031-EP2308840A1; 1031-EP2308849A1; 1031-EP2308850A1; 1031-EP2308854A1; 1031-EP2308857A1; 1031-EP2308861A1; 1031-EP2308867A2; 1031-EP2308868A1; 1031-EP2308870A2; 1031-EP2308879A1; 1031-EP2308880A1; 1031-EP2309584A1; 1031-EP2311451A1; 1031-EP2311455A1; 1031-EP2311464A1; 1031-EP2311796A1; 1031-EP2311797A1; 1031-EP2311798A1; 1031-EP2311799A1; 1031-EP2311802A1; 1031-EP2311803A1; 1031-EP2311808A1; 1031-EP2311810A1; 1031-EP2311815A1; 1031-EP2311825A1; 1031-EP2311827A1; 1031-EP2311829A1; 1031-EP2311842A2; 1031-EP2314295A1; 1031-EP2314574A1; 1031-EP2314575A1; 1031-EP2314586A1; 1031-EP2314587A1; 1031-EP2314588A1; 1031-EP2314590A1; 1031-EP2316450A1; 1031-EP2316459A1; 1031-EP2316470A2; 1031-EP2316831A1; 1031-EP2316832A1; 1031-EP2316833A1; 1031-EP2316974A1; 1031-EP2371811A2; 1031-EP2371831A1; 1031-EP2372804A1; 1031-EP2374454A1; 1031-EP2378585A1; 1031-EP2380872A1; 1031-EP2380874A2; C14452; 59619-EP2275422A1; 59619-EP2292589A1; 59619-EP2295436A1; 59619-EP2295439A1; 59619-EP2298076A1; 59619-EP2298077A1; 59619-EP2298305A1; 59619-EP2298762A2; 59619-EP2301353A1; 59619-EP2305031A1; 59619-EP2305034A1; 59619-EP2305035A1; 59619-EP2308852A1; 59619-EP2371823A1; Morpholine, purified by redistillation, >=99.5%; Q410243; J-522715; 1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane ; Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine; F2190-0339; 6LR; Morpholine, polymer-bound, 200-400 mesh;

Morpholine is an organic chemical compound having the chemical formula O(CH2CH2)2NH. This heterocycle features both amine and ether functional groups. Because of the amine, morpholine is a base; its conjugate acid is called morpholinium. For example, treating morpholine with hydrochloric acid makes the salt morpholinium chloride.

Preferred IUPAC name:
Morpholine
Other names:
Diethylenimide oxide
1,4-Oxazinane
Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine
Diethylene imidoxide
Diethylene oximide
Tetrahydro-p-oxazine
Chemical formula:
C4H9NO
Molar mass:
87.122 g·mol−1
Appearance:
Colorless liquid
Odor:
Weak ammonia-like or fish-like[2]
Density    :
1.007 g/cm3
Melting point:
−5 °C (23 °F; 268 K)
Boiling point:
129 °C (264 °F; 402 K)
Solubility in water:
Miscible

Applications

Morpholine is often produced industrially by the dehydration of diethanolamine with sulfuric acid. Morpholine is a common additive, in parts per million concentrations, for pH adjustment in both fossil fuel and nuclear power plant steam systems. Morpholine is used because its volatility is about the same as water, so once it is added to the water, its concentration becomes distributed rather evenly in both the water and steam phases. Its pH-adjusting qualities then become distributed throughout the steam plant to provide corrosion protection. Morpholine is often used in conjunction with low concentrations of hydrazine or ammonia to provide a comprehensive all-volatile treatment chemistry for corrosion protection for the steam systems of such plants. Morpholine decomposes reasonably slowly in the absence of oxygen at the high temperatures and pressures in these steam systems.

Organic synthesis

Morpholine undergoes most chemical reactions typical for other secondary amines, though the presence of the ether oxygen withdraws electron density from the nitrogen, rendering it less nucleophilic (and less basic) than structurally similar secondary amines such as piperidine. For this reason, it forms a stable chloramine. It is commonly used to generate enamines. Morpholine is widely used in organic synthesis. For example, it is a building block in the preparation of the antibiotic linezolid, the anticancer agent gefitinib (Iressa) and the analgesic dextromoramide. In research and in industry, the low cost and polarity of morpholine lead to its common use as a solvent for chemical reactions.

Agriculture
Morpholine is used as a chemical emulsifier in the process of waxing fruit. Naturally, fruits make waxes to protect against insects and fungal contamination, but this can be lost as the fruit is cleaned. A small amount of new wax is applied to replace it. Morpholine is used as an emulsifier and solubility aid for shellac, which is used as a wax for fruit coating. The European Union has forbidden the use of morpholine in fruit coating.

Detergent of Morpholine 
It is used as an additive in optical brighteners for chlorine bleaching for use in detergents.
Cosmetic of Morpholine
Is used in fatty acid salts for water-resistant emulsiers and plasticizer formulations in cosmetic products. It is also used as an intermediate in quaternary morpholinium salts for hair conditioners and deodorant products. 
Medicine of Morpholine 
Drugs (analgesics, locust anesthetics, antibiotics, antimycotics and antiplat) are used as intermediates in the production of products. 
Morpholine is a weaker base. The melting point is -5 ° C and the boiling point is 129 ° C. The density is 0.999 g / mL. A hygroscopic liquid, morpholine can be mixed with water and many organic solvents. A characteristic amine smell It has. Under normal conditions, morpholine, which is highly stable, decomposes at the end of the overheating and ignites when it forms nitrogen oxide, entering into severe reaction with strong oxidants. It is a very stable and useful molecule.

Morpholine is a clear, colorless, volatile, hygroscopic liquid with a characteristic amine odor. It is miscible in water and most organic solvents. The mixture of morpholine and water does not have a constant boiling point. Therefore morpholine in aqueous solution is not easily separable by distillation or entraining. It is a heterocyclic chemical compound, which has both a secondary amine and an ether functional group; its molecule has a chair structure. Morpholine is chemically stable and is not expected to degrade in hot water, acid and alkali solutions. It forms morpholinium salts with mineral acids. It reacts with aldehydes and ketones with hydrogen atoms in alfa-position to form enamines.