MULTISOL C10 ACID

MULTISOL C10 ACID

CAS No. : 334-48-5
EC No. : 206-376-4

Synonyms:
n-Decanoic Acid; Capric Acid; Multisol C10 acid; Decanoic acid; CAPRIC ACID; 334-48-5; n-Decanoic acid; n-Capric acid; Decoic acid; Decylic acid; Caprinic acid; n-Decylic acid; Caprynic acid; n-Decoic acid; 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid; Neo-fat 10; Hexacid 1095; tert-DECANOIC ACID; C10 fatty acid; Versatic 10; Versatic 10 acid; Fatty acid(C10); NSC 5025; Econosan Acid Sanitizer; Decanoic acid (natural); C10:0; UNII-4G9EDB6V73; FEMA No. 2364; CCRIS 4610; HSDB 2751; Emery 659; EINECS 206-376-4; MFCD00004441; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 128955; BRN 1754556; AI3-04453; 4G9EDB6V73; CHEBI:30813; caprynate; decoate; decylate; C10H20O2; n-caprate; n-decoate; n-decylate; Lead caprate; Decanoic acid, 99%; NCGC00091320-02; 1-nonanecarboxylate; Decanoic acid anion; DSSTox_CID_1554; Lead(2+) decanoate; DSSTox_RID_76208; DSSTox_GSID_21554; DKA; Capricacid; CAS-334-48-5; Dekansaeure; Kaprinsaeure; 1-decanoic acid; nonanecarboxylic acid; Nat. Decanoic Acid; Prifrac 296; Prifac 296; Acid C10; Decanoic acid, 96%; Prifac 2906; 15773-52-1; Nonane-1-carboxylic acid; ACMC-1CKM4; Lunac 10-95; Lunac 10-98; bmse000370; SCHEMBL2682; WLN: QV9; CCCCCCCCCC([O])=O; Decanoic acid (Capric acid); 4-02-00-01041 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); Decanoic acid 334-48-5; Decanoic acid, >=98.0%; KSC222I3L; MLS002415724; CH3-[CH2]8-COOH; CHEMBL107498; GTPL5532; DTXSID9021554; CTK1C2435; Decanoic acid, lead (2+) salt; KS-00000UKL; NSC5025; Decanoic acid, analytical standard; HMS2267B15; NSC-5025; ZINC1529229; Decanoic acid, >=98.0% (GC); Tox21_113533; Tox21_202209; Tox21_300366; ANW-27636; LMFA01010010; s6906; SBB060022; STL445666; Decanoic acid, >=98%, FCC, FG; AKOS000119623; Fatty acids C7to C20: decanoic acid; CS-W016025; DB03600; HY-W015309; LS-1213; MCULE-3914949169; NCGC00091320-01; AS-14704; FA(10:0); LS-59338; M249; SMR001252255; SY061635; D0017; Decanoic acid, natural, >=98%, FCC, FG; Decanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-Propanetriol Octanoate.; 1-(S)- cis 9-Aminooctahydro-10-oxo-6H-pyridazino[1,2-a][1,2]diazepine-1-carboxylic acid, t-butyl ester; octanoic acid; caprylic acid; 124-07-2; 1-Heptanecarboxylic acid; Octylic acid; C10:0; Octoic acid n-octanoic acid; Octylic acid; n-caprylic acid; octoic acid; n-octylic acid; n-Octoic acid; neo-fat 8; 1-heptanecarboxylic acid; Enantic acid; multisol C10 acid; Octic acid; C-8 acid; Caprylsaeure; Kaprylsaeure; Hexacid 898; Acido octanoico; 0ctanoic acid; Acide octanoique; 1-octanoic acid; Acidum octanocium; Fatty acids, C6-10; FEMA No. 2799; Kyselina kaprylova; capryloate; C10:0; octylate; Octansaeure; Caprylic acid (natural); Acide octanoique [French]; Acido octanoico [Spanish]; Acidum octanocium [Latin]; Kyselina kaprylova [Czech]; NSC 5024; Octanoic acid [USAN:INN]; UNII-OBL58JN025; MULTISOL C10 ACID; OCTANOIC ACID (CAPRYLIC ACID); CCRIS 4689; HSDB 821; CHEBI:28837; Emery 657; Prifac 2901; Lunac 8-95; NSC-5024; Carboxylic acids, C5-9; EINECS 204-677-5; MFCD00004429; BRN 1747180; CH3-[CH2]6-COOH; AI3-04162; caprylic acid, zinc salt; OBL58JN025; caprylic acid, barium salt; caprylic acid, sodium salt; NSC5024; caprylic acid, cadmium salt; caprilate; EDENOR C 8-98-100; Caprylic acid, potassium salt; n-caprylate; caprylic acid, tin(+2) salt; n-octoate; n-octylate; caprylic acid, copper(+2) salt; Octanoic acid, 99%; NCGC00090957-01; C10H16O2; 1-heptanecarboxylate; OCA; CAS-124-07-2; CH3-[CH2]6-COO(-); caprylic acid, tin salt; caprylic acid, cesium salt; caprylic acid, cobalt salt; caprylic acid, copper salt; caprylic acid, ammonia salt; caprylic acid, calcium salt; caprylic acid, 14C-labeled; octanoicacid; caprylic acid, aluminum salt; caprylic acid, manganese salt; caprylic acid, zirconium salt; octanic acid; Caprilic acid; caprylic acid, iron(+3) salt; caprylic acid, lead(+2) salt; acidum octanoicum; octanoate radical; caprylic acid, iridum(+3) salt; caprylic acid, nickel(+2) salt; caprylic acid, chromium(+2) salt; caprylic acid, lanthanum(+3) salt; caprylic acid, ruthenium(+3) salt; caprylic acid, zirconium(+4) salt; EINECS 273-085-7; Acid C10; Octanoic acid radical; Caprylic acid (NF); Multisol C10 Acid; Kortacid 0899; Neo-Fat 8S; Caprylic Acid 657; Octanoate, ion(1-); caprylic acid, sodium salt, 11C-labeled; n-heptanecarboxylic acid; Octanoic acid (USAN); Fatty acids, C6-1O; ACMC-1BTHQ; Lunac 8-98; 7319-86-0; Heptane-1-carboxylic acid; Octanoic acid, >=98%; Octanoic acid, >=99%; bmse000502; Caprylic/Capric Acid Blend; CCCCCCCC([O])=O; EC 204-677-5; SCHEMBL3933; WLN: QV7; NCIOpen2_002902; NCIOpen2_009358; Octanoic acid (USAN/INN); Caprylic acid/ Octanoic acid; 4-02-00-00982 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); 68937-74-6; KSC174S6D; MLS002415762; Octanoic acid, >=96.0%; caprylic acid (octanoic acid); Octanoic acid (mixed isomers); CHEMBL324846; GTPL4585; Octanoic acid, >=98%, FG; QSPL 011; QSPL 184; DTXSID3021645; n-Octanoic Acid 124-07-2; CTK0H4961; KS-00000WZB; HMS2270A23; Octanoic acid, analytical standard; STR10050; LS-691; s6296; SBB060020; octanoic acid; caprylic acid; 124-07-2; n-octanoic acid; Octylic acid; n-caprylic acid; octoic acid; n-octylic acid; n-Octoic acid; neo-fat 8; 1-heptanecarboxylic acid; Enantic acid; multisol C10 acid; Octic acid; C-8 acid; Caprylsaeure; Kaprylsaeure; Hexacid 898; Acido octanoico; 0ctanoic acid; Acide octanoique; 1-octanoic acid; Acidum octanocium; Fatty acids, C6-10; FEMA No. 2799; Kyselina kaprylova; capryloate; C10:0

Multisol C10 Acid

Multisol C10 acid, also known as decanoic acid or decylic acid, is a saturated fatty acid. Its formula is CH3(CH2)8COOH. Salts and esters of decanoic acid are called caprates or decanoates. The term Multisol C10 acid is derived from the Latin "caper / capra" (goat) because the sweaty, unpleasant smell of the compound is reminiscent of goats.
Occurrence
Multisol C10 acid occurs naturally in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%), otherwise it is uncommon in typical seed oils.[10] It is found in the milk of various mammals and to a lesser extent in other animal fats.[6] It also comprises 1.62% of the fats from the fruit of the durian species Durio graveolens.
Two other acids are named after goats: caproic acid (a C6:0 fatty acid) and caprylic acid (a C10:0 fatty acid). Along with Multisol C10 acid, these total 15% in goat milk fat.

Production of Multisol C10 acid
Multisol C10 acid can be prepared from oxidation of the primary alcohol decanol by using chromium trioxide (CrO3) oxidant under acidic conditions.
Neutralization of Multisol C10 acid or saponification of its triglyceride esters with sodium hydroxide yields sodium caprate, CH3(CH2)8CO2−Na+. This salt is a component of some types of soap.

Uses of Multisol C10 acid
Multisol C10 acid is used in the manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes. It is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses. It is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals.

Pharmaceuticals
Caprate ester prodrugs of various pharmaceuticals are available. Since Multisol C10 acid is a fatty acid, forming a salt or ester with a drug will increase its lipophilicity and its affinity for adipose tissue. Since distribution of a drug from fatty tissue is usually slow, one may develop a long-acting injectable form of a drug (called a depot injection) by using its caprate form. Some examples of drugs available as a caprate ester include nandrolone, fluphenazine, bromperidol, and haloperidol.

Effects of Multisol C10 acid
Multisol C10 acid acts as a non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist at therapeutically relevant concentrations, in a voltage- and subunit-dependent manner, and this is sufficient to explain its antiseizure effects.[14] This direct inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission by Multisol C10 acid in the brain contributes to the anticonvulsant effect of the MCT ketogenic diet.[14] Decanoic acid and the AMPA receptor antagonist drug perampanel act at separate sites on the AMPA receptor, and so it is possible that they have a cooperative effect at the AMPA receptor, suggesting that perampanel and the ketogenic diet could be synergistic.

Multisol C10 acid may be responsible for the mitochondrial proliferation associated with the ketogenic diet, and that this may occur via PPARγ receptor agonism and its target genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. Complex I activity of the electron transport chain is substantially elevated by decanoic acid treatment.
It should however be noted that orally ingested medium chain fatty acids would be very rapidly degraded by first-pass metabolism by being taken up in the liver via the portal vein, and are quickly metabolized via coenzyme A intermediates through β-oxidation and the citric acid cycle to produce carbon dioxide, acetate and ketone bodies.[17] Whether the ketones β-hydroxybutryate and acetone have direct antiseizure activity is unclear.
Multisol C10 acid is a white crystalline solid with a rancid odor. Melting point 31.5°C. Soluble in most organic solvents and in dilute nitric acid; non-toxic. Used to make esters for perfumes and fruit flavors and as an intermediate for food-grade additives.

The most common source of Salmonella infections in humans is food of poultry origin. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis has a particular affinity for the contamination of the egg supply. In this study, the medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), caproic, caprylic, and Multisol C10 acid, were evaluated for the control of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis in chickens. All MCFA were growth inhibiting at low concentrations in vitro, with Multisol C10 acid being the most potent. Contact of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis with low concentrations of MCFA decreased invasion in the intestinal epithelial cell line T84. By using transcriptional fusions between the promoter of the regulatory gene of the Salmonella pathogenicity island I, hilA, and luxCDABE genes, it was shown that all MCFA decreased the expression of hilA, a key regulator related to the invasive capacity of Salmonella. The addition of Multisol C10 acid (3 g/kg of feed) to the feed of chicks led to a significant decrease in the level of colonization of ceca and internal organs by Salmonella serovar Enteritidis at 3 days after infection of 5-day-old chicks. These results suggest that MCFA have a synergistic ability to suppress the expression of the genes required for invasion and to reduce the numbers of bacteria in vivo. Thus, MCFA are potentially useful products for reducing the level of colonization of chicks and could ultimately aid in the reduction of the number of contaminated eggs in the food supply.

The rate of intestinal absorption and hepatic uptake of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) was investigated in 6 pigs. The pigs were fitted with a permanent fistula in the duodenum, and catheters in the portal vein, carotid artery and hepatic vein. Multisol C10 acid (esterified with octanoic acid) was infused into the duodenum for 1 hr. Regular blood samples were taken over 12 hr and analysed for non-esterified Multisol C10 acid content. Multisol C10 acid levels in portal vein blood rose sharply after the beginning of the infusion (confirming data previously reported for dogs and rats), and showed a bi-phasic time course with 2 maximum values (at 15 min and 75 to 90 min). 54% of the Multisol C10 acid was recovered in portal blood samples. The amt of non-esterified MCFA taken up per hr by the liver were close to those absorbed from the gut via the portal vein, showing that the liver is the main site of MCFA metabolism in pigs.

Distillation Range (°C) Boiling Point 270
Flash Point (°C) 150
Purity (%m/m) C10 @ Min 98
Density (@ 20°C)(*@15°C) 0.850

An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of Multisol C10 acid in or on all raw agricultural commodities and in processed commodities, when such residues result from the use of Multisol C10 acid as an antimicrobial treatment in solutions containing a diluted end-use concentration of Multisol C10 acid (up to 170 ppm per application) on food contact surfaces such as equipment, pipelines, tanks, vats, fillers, evaporators, pasteurizers and aseptic equipment in restaurants, food service operations, dairies, breweries, wineries, beverage and food processing plants

The enhancing action of Multisol C10 acid on the intestinal absorption of phenosulfonphthalein (PSP) was studied in rats. Multisol C10 acid and 2 hydroxy derivatives enhanced PSP absorption to varying degrees; PSP was no longer absorbed once the enhancer had been completely absorbed. Absorption enhancement correlated with the ability to sequester calcium ions.

Multisol C10 acid's production and use in esters for perfumes and fruit flavor, base for wetting agents, intermediates, plasticizer, resins, and as an intermediate for food-grade additives may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Multisol C10 acid has been found in the seeds of American elm (Ulmus americana) and Garcinia mangostana, oil of lime and lemon, and occurs as a glyceride in natural oils. Multisol C10 acid is a fatty acid and occurs naturally in many essential oils. Fatty acids are widely distributed in nature as components of animal and vegetable fats and are an important part of the normal daily diet of mammals, birds and invertebrates. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.66X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Multisol C10 acid will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase Multisol C10 acid will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.4 days. If released to soil, undissociated Multisol C10 acid is expected to have slight mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 4,000 for the free acid. The pKa of Multisol C10 acid is 4.90, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon the pKa. A 46% of theoretical BOD after 20 days using a sewage inoculum and 42% of theoretical BOD in 1 day using an activated sludge inoculum suggest that biodegradation may be important environmental fate process in soil. If released into water, undissociated Multisol C10 acid is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc for the free acid. Biodegradation of 100 ppm Multisol C10 acid using a Japanese cultivation method was 100% in river water and 100% in sea water after 3 days, suggesting that biodegradtion may be an important environmental fate process in water. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon the pKa. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to Multisol C10 acid may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Multisol C10 acid is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Multisol C10 acid via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other containing Multisol C10 acid.

Multisol C10 acid was found in fine particulate abrasion products from green leaves at a concn of 183.3 ug/g and from dead leaves at a concn of 133.0 ug/g; samples collected were from trees characteristic of the Los Angeles, CA area(1). Multisol C10 acid was found as a volatile component of raw earth-almond (Cyperus esculentus L.)(2). The compound is a carboxylic acid that is also known as a fatty acid because fatty acids were first isolated by the hydrolysis of naturally occurring fats(3). Fatty acids are widely distributed in nature as components of animal and vegetable fats(4) including lipids such as oils and fats, waxes, sterol esters and other minor compounds(3).
Multisol C10 acid's production and use in esters for perfumes and fruit flavor, base for wetting agents, intermediates, plasticizer, resins and as an intermediate for food-grade additives(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

AEROBIC: The 5 day BOD of Multisol C10 acid, concn 100 ppm, was determined to be 8.52 mmol/mmol Multisol C10 acid using acclimated mixed microbial cultures in a mineral salt medium(1). Multisol C10 acid, present at 10,000 ppm, reached 45 to 53% and 46 to 54% of its theoretical BOD in 5 and 20 days, respectively, using a sewage inoculum(2). Multisol C10 acid, present at 10,000 ppm, reached 13, 45, and 46% of its theoretical BOD in 5, 10, and 20 days, respectively, using a sewage inoculum(3). In a similar study, Multisol C10 acid, present at 10,000 ppm, reached 49, 53, and 54% of its theoretical BOD in 5, 10, and 20 days, respectively, using an acclimated sewage inoculum(3). Multisol C10 acid, present at unknown concn, reached 9% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days using a sewage inoculum(4). Using the Warburg test method, Multisol C10 acid, present at 500 ppm, reached 29 to 42% of its theoretical BOD in 1 day, using an activated sludge inoculum with a microbial population of 2,500 mg/L corrected for endogenous respiration(5). Biodegradation of 100 ppm Multisol C10 acid using the cultivation method was 100% in river water and 100% in sea water after 3 days(6). The theoretical oxygen demand for 500 mg/L Multisol C10 acid was determined to be 10.9%, 18.9%, and 23.4% after 6, 12, and 24 hours of exposure to activated sludge solids at 2,500 mg/L in the Warburg respirometer(7). An aerobic biodegradation screening study of Multisol C10 acid, based on BOD measurements, using a sewage inoculum and an unknown Multisol C10 acid concn, indicated 23% of its theoretical BOD over a period of 20 days(8). The biodegradation of 100 mg/L Multisol C10 acid by non-acclimated activated sludge over an unspecified time period was determined to have 100% total organic carbon removal(9).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Multisol C10 acid with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Multisol C10 acid is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Multisol C10 acid was present at 1.5 mg/L in the influent to a continuous retort water treatment cell; after 1, 3 and 5 weeks Multisol C10 acid was not detected, and after 7 weeks Multisol C10 acid was found at 108.6 mg/L, indicating adsorption followed by desorption(3).

To assess the disposition kinetics of selected structural analogs of valproic acid, the pharmacokinetics of valproic acid and 3 structural analogs, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, l-methyl-l-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid; and Multisol C10 acid were examined in female rats. All 4 carboxylic acids evidenced dose-dependent disposition. A dose-related decrease in total body clearance was observed for each compound, suggesting saturable eiminination processes. The apparent volume of distribution for these compounds was, with the exception of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, dose-dependent, indicating that binding to proteins in serum and/or tissues may be saturable. Both valproic acid and 1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid exhibited enterohepatic recirculation, which appeared to be dose- and compound-dependent. Significant quantities of both valproic acid and 1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid were excreted in the urine as conjugates. Multisol C10 acid and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid were not excreted in the urine and did not evidence enterohepatic recirculation. It was concluded that minor changes in chemical structure of low molecular weight carboxylic acids have an influence on their metabolism and disposition.

For Multisol C10 acid (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code:128919) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses.
Multisol C10 acid is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).
Daily application of 7.2% Multisol C10 acid in propanol under cover to the skin of 10 volunteers caused redness in 4 subjects after 2 days and in 8 after 6 days.
Multisol C10 acid and its sodium and potassium salts caused skin irritation in man and the acid was an eye irritant in rabbits.

Cytochrome oxidase activity was investigated histochemically in the choroid plexus epithelium. Intense staining for the enzyme was exclusively limited to the mitochondria. Rats treated with Multisol C10 acid displayed extensive ultrastructural disruptions in the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. Mitochondria were fewer in number and more disrupted compared to the control. The enzyme activity was greatly reduced. However, pretreatment with an equimolar dose of L-carnitine followed by Multisol C10 acid injection produced little alteration of either ultrastructure or enzyme staining. This study suggests that L-carnitine supplementation may restore mitochondrial function of the choroid plexus subjected to toxic organic anions in metabolic disorders, and may be useful in the prevention of metabolic encephalopathy.

HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In 25 subjects, covered contact with 1% Multisol C10 acid in petrolatum for 48 hr was not irritating.
 The medium chain fatty acid Multisol C10 acid was injected i.p. into 20-22 g Swiss-Albino mice at a dose of 15 umol/g. This dose produced a reproducible response consisting of a 3-4 min period of drowsiness, followed by coma. These mice as well as suitable controls were sacrificed by rapid submersion in liquid N2, or by microwave irradiation in a 7.3 kW microwave oven. Tissue from the reticular formation and the inferior colliculus was prepared for microanalysis of the energy metabolites glucose, glycogen, ATP and phosphocreatine. Results from this study showed a selective effect on energy metabolism in cells of the reticular formation. Both glucose and glycogen were elevated in the coma and precoma state. In addition, ATP and phosphocreatine were decreased in the reticular formation during coma. These results show a selective effect of Multisol C10 acid on energy metabolism in the reticular formation both in the precoma stage, and during overt coma.

Multisol C10 acid's production and use in the synthesis of various dyes, drugs, perfumes, antiseptics and fungicides, in ore separations, synthetic flavors, hydraulic fluids, machining oils, flotation agents, and as a wood preservative may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Multisol C10 acid is a fatty acid and is widely distributed in nature as a component of animal and vegetable fats. Fatty acids are an important part of the normal daily diet of mammals, birds and invertebrates. Multisol C10 acid can occur naturally in essential oils and in cow milk fat. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.71X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Multisol C10 acid will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase Multisol C10 acid will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.9 days. If released to soil, undissociated Multisol C10 acid is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1,100 for the free acid. The pKa of Multisol C10 acid is 4.89, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon the pKa. Biodegradation of Multisol C10 acid in soil and water is expected to be an important fate process; Multisol C10 acid reached 32.8% of its theoretical oxygen demand after 24 hours using an activated sludge inoculum. If released into water, undissociated Multisol C10 acid is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc for the free acid. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based on the pKa. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to Multisol C10 acid may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Multisol C10 acid is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Multisol C10 acid via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing Multisol C10 acid.

The Multisol C10 acid content in milk fat of cows ranges from 0.53 to 1.04% of total fatty acids, with an average Multisol C10 acid content of 0.79% of total fatty acids(1). The compound is a carboxylic acid that is also known as a fatty acid because fatty acids were first isolated by the hydrolysis of naturally occurring fats(2). Fatty acids are widely distributed in nature as components of animal and vegetable fats(3) including lipids such as oils and fats, waxes, sterol esters and other minor compounds(2).
Multisol C10 acid's production and use in the synthesis of various dyes, drugs, perfumes, antiseptics and fungicides, in ore separations, synthetic flavors(1), hydraulic fluids, machining oils, flotation agents, and as a wood preservative(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,100 for the free acid(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.05(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that undissociated Multisol C10 acid is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of Multisol C10 acid is 4.89(4), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of Multisol C10 acid from moist soil is not expected to be an important fate process because the acid is in the anion form and anions do not volatilize(SRC). Multisol C10 acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.71X10-3 mm Hg(6). In Warburg respirometer tests using an activated sludge seed, Multisol C10 acid reached 9.8, 20.4, and 32.8% of its theoretical oxygen demand after 6, 12, and 24 hours incubation, respectively(7), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,100 for the free acid(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.05(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that undissociated Multisol C10 acid is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 4.89(4) indicates Multisol C10 acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). In Warburg respirometer tests using an activated sludge seed, Multisol C10 acid reached 9.8, 20.4, and 32.8% of its theoretical oxygen demand after 6, 12, and 24 hours incubation, respectively(8), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), Multisol C10 acid, which has a vapor pressure of 3.71X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Multisol C10 acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.9 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Multisol C10 acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

AEROBIC: Multisol C10 acid reached 43, 53, 64 and 63% of its theoretical BOD after 2, 5, 10, and 30 days, respectively using a domestic sewage inoculum and an Multisol C10 acid concn of 3.0 ppm(1). 100% decreases in initial Multisol C10 acid concns of 0.5 mg/L and 4.3 mg/L were observed after 21 days incubation in aerobic mixed bacterial cultures obtained from trench leachate at low-level radioactive waste disposal sites in Maxey Flats, KY and West Valley, NY, respectively(2). Multisol C10 acid reached 60% of its theoretical oxygen demand after 5 days using a sewage seed(3). After a lag period of 2.2 days, Multisol C10 acid present at a concn of 10,000 ppm, reached 60, 66, and 68% of its theoretical BOD after 5, 10, and 20 days, respectively using a sewage seed(4). Use of an adapted sewage seed reduced the lag period to 1.6 days, after which Multisol C10 acid reached 60, 69, and 70% of its theoretical BOD after 5, 10, and 20 days, respectively(4). In Warburg respirometer tests using an activated sludge seed, Multisol C10 acid, present at a concn of 500 ppm, reached 9.8, 20.4, and 32.8% of its theoretical oxygen demand after 6, 12, and 24 hours incubation, respectively(5). After 24 hours incubation, Multisol C10 acid, present at a concn of 500 ppm, reached 5 and 59% of its theoretical oxygen demand using activated sludge inoculum from two different municipal sources(5). In a Warburg test using an activated sludge inoculum acclimated to phenol, Multisol C10 acid, present at a concn of 500 ppm, reached 20% of its theoretical BOD after 12 hours(6). Two bacterial soil isolants were able to utilize octanoate as a growth substrate(7). A total organic carbon removal ratio of 97% was observed for Multisol C10 acid using a non-acclimated activated sludge and an initial Multisol C10 acid concn of 100 mg total organic carbon/L(8).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Multisol C10 acid with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 8.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.9 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Multisol C10 acid is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Multisol C10 acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(3).
The Koc of undissociated Multisol C10 acid is estimated as 1,100 for the free acid(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.05(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that undissociated Multisol C10 acid is expected to have low mobility in soil. The pKa of Multisol C10 acid is 4.89(4), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

Multisol C10 acid was detected in aqueous industrial effluent extracts collected between Nov 1979-81 in the following industrial categories (concentration in one effluent extract): paint and ink (119 ng/uL); printing and publishing (279 ng/uL); ore mining (43 ng/uL); organics and plastics (266 ng/uL); pulp and paper (399 ng/uL); rubber processing (1511 ng/uL); auto and other laundries (139 ng/uL); electronics (114 ng/uL); mechanical products (4976 ng/uL); and publicly owned treatment works at an unknown concn(1). Multisol C10 acid was detected in the leachate of a sanitary landfill located in Barcelona, Spain at an unreported concn(2). Oil shale retort water from the Kerosene Creek seam of the Rundle deposit, Queensland, Australia, was found to contain Multisol C10 acid at a concn of 270 mg/L(3). Multisol C10 acid was detected in groundwater from a landfill well near Norman, OK at an estimated concn of 0.6 ug/L(4). A grab sample, obtained in April 1980, of the final effluent from the Addison, IL Publicly Owned Treatment Works was found to contain Multisol C10 acid at an unreported concn(5). Multisol C10 acid was detected in Los Angeles County wastewater treatment plant effluent, collected between Nov 1980 and Aug 1981, at a concn of 400 ug/L(6). Multisol C10 acid was identified in the acidic fraction of sewage and sludge from the Iona Island Sewage Treatment Plant, British Columbia(7). Groundwater samples contaminated by industrial pollution near Barcelona, Spain were found to contain Multisol C10 acid at concns ranging from <5 to 27 ng/L(8).

Food Survey Values
Multisol C10 acid was identified as a volatile component of raw beef(1). Multisol C10 acid has been identified as a volatile flavor component of mutton and beef(2). Multisol C10 acid was a volatile constituent detected in strawberry jam at a concn of 2.9 mg/kg(3). Multisol C10 acid was found in popcorn using wet extraction method at 19 ug/kg(4). Multisol C10 acid was found as a volatile component of raw and roasted earth-almond (Cyperus esculentus l.).
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 222,149 workers (8,182 of these were female) were potentially exposed to Multisol C10 acid in the US(1). Occupational exposure to Multisol C10 acid may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Multisol C10 acid is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Multisol C10 acid via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing Multisol C10 acid(SRC).