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CAS NO:12054-48-7
EC NO:235-008-5
Nickel hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ni(OH)2.
Nickel hydroxide is an apple-green solid that dissolves with decomposition in ammonia and amines and is attacked by acids.
Nickel hydroxide is electroactive, being converted to the Ni(III) oxy-hydroxide, leading to widespread applications in rechargeable batteries.
Properties
Nickel hydroxide has two well-characterized polymorphs, α and β. The α structure consists of Ni(OH)2 layers with intercalated anions or water.] The β form adopts a hexagonal close-packed structure of Ni2+ and OH− ions. In the presence of water, the α polymorph typically recrystallizes to the β form. In addition to the α and β polymorphs, several γ nickel hydroxides have been described, distinguished by crystal structures with much larger inter-sheet distances.
The mineral form of Ni(OH)2, theophrastite, was first identified in the Vermion region of northern Greece, in 1980.
Nickel hydroxide is found naturally as a translucent emerald-green crystal formed in thin sheets near the boundaries of idocrase or chlorite crystals. A nickel-magnesium variant of the mineral, (Ni,Mg)(OH)2 had been previously discovered at Hagdale on the island of Unst in Scotland.
Reactions
Nickel hydroxide is frequently used in electrical car batteries. Specifically, Ni(OH)2 readily oxidizes to nickel oxyhydroxide, NiOOH, in combination with a reduction reaction, often of a metal hydride (reaction 1 and 2).
Reaction 1 Ni(OH)2 + OH− → NiO(OH) + H2O + e−
Reaction 2 M + H2O + e− → MH + OH−
Net Reaction (in H2O) Ni(OH)2 + M → NiOOH + MH
Of the two polymorphs, α-Ni(OH)2 has a higher theoretical capacity and thus is generally considered to be preferable in electrochemical applications. However, it transforms to β-Ni(OH)2 in alkaline solutions, leading to many investigations into the possibility of stabilized α-Ni(OH)2 electrodes for industrial applications
Properties
Chemical formula Ni(OH)2
Molar mass 92.724 g/mol (anhydrous)
110.72 g/mol (monohydrate)
Appearance green crystals
Density 4.10 g/cm3
Melting point 230 °C (446 °F; 503 K) (anhydrous, decomposes)
Solubility in water 0.0015 g/L
Solubility product (Ksp) 5.48×10−16
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) +4500.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Nickel Hydroxide is a green, crystalline, inorganic compound that produces toxic gases upon heating.
Nickel hydroxide is used in nickel-cadmium batteries and as a catalyst in chemical reactions. Exposure to this substance can cause severe dermatitis, skin and asthma-like allergies and affects the lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract and neurological system.
Nickel hydroxide is a known carcinogen and is associated with an increased risk of developing lung and nasal cancers.
Nickel hydroxide appears as a fine green powder. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Primary hazard is threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment.
Nickel Hydroxide is a highly water insoluble crystalline Nickel source for uses compatible with higher (basic) pH environments.
Application:
Nickel hydroxide - Ni(OH)2 is used for the production of positive masses of Ni-Cd and Ni-Fe batteries.
Ingredients:
Nickel hydroxide - chemical formula Ni(OH)2
Properties:
fine powder of green colour
insoluble in water, soluble in acids
Due to its redox behavior, it finds use in rechargeable battery electrodes.
Nickel hydroxide is useful for the storage of electrochemical energy, with potential applications in car batteries.
Nickel hydroxide is a potential material for several biological applications, for example in chromosomal DNA quantification assay.
Nickel hydroxide is used as the cathode active material for nickel hydride batteries, and is mainly used in hybrid-type electric automobiles.
Nickel Hydroxide, generally used in rechargeable battery electrodes, by oxidation to nickel(III) oxide-hydroxide.
Nickel hydroxide is denoted by Ni(OH)2 and is an insoluble chemical compound having strong redox properties. The mineral form of nickel hydroxide, also known as theophrastite, was first discovered in northern Greece in 1980.
Nickel Hydroxide is a translucent emerald-green crystal, formed naturally in thin sheet form near the boundaries of chlorite and idocrase crystals.
Nickel hydroxide has a molecular weight of 92.71 g/mol, having a melting point of 230?C.
Nickel hydroxide has two distinct pseudopolymorphs, namely α- and β-Ni(OH)2 forms. The α structure is made up of Ni(OH)2 layers, having intercalated anions or water molecules between them. The β type is a hexagonal closest-packed structure of OH- and Ni2+ ions, minus any kind of intercalated ions. Besides the α and β forms of nickel hydroxide, a number of γ-Ni(OH)2 have been described, which are made up of crystal structures having much bigger inter-sheet distances.
The global nickel hydroxide market is projected to register a high growth in demand due to the increasing requirements of nickel hydroxide as electrodes in electrochemical batteries. The long battery life, utmost reliability, and superior performance of the nickel hydroxide based batteries, as compared to the other types of batteries are expected to fuel the growth of the global nickel hydroxide market. However, the toxicity concerns related to Ni2+ ions are poised to hinder the growth of the global nickel hydroxide market. Additionally, the rising prices of raw materials may hinder the growth of the global nickel hydroxide market over the forecast period.
Nickel hydroxides have numerous applications including as battery electrodes, electrochromic devices, electrochemical sensors, and supercapacitors and in such processes as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and electrosynthesis.
Nickel hydroxide, [Ni(OH)2] has been used extensively as the positive electrode material in rechargeable nickel-based batteries.
A fine green powder. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Primary hazard is threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment.
Meaning
Nickel (II) Hydroxide is a solid (STP) chemical compound with the formula Ni(OH)2.
About Nickel (II) Hydroxide
Nickel (II) Hydroxide is a base.
Aqueous Nickel (II) Hydroxide is an alkali.
Nickel (II) Hydroxide is held together by ionic bonds.
Nickel (II) Hydroxide has a giant ionic structure.
Nickel (II) Hydroxide reacts with acids to produce a Nickel (II) salt:
Hydrochloric Acid + Nickel (II) Hydroxide → Nickel (II) Chloride + Water
2HCl + Ni(OH)2 → NiCl2 + H2O
Sulphuric Acid + Nickel (II) Hydroxide → Nickel (II) Sulphate + Water
H2SO4 + Ni(OH)2 → NiSO4 + 2H2O
Nitric Acid + Nickel (II) Hydroxide → Nickel (II) Nitrate + Water
2HNO3 + Ni(OH)2 → Ni(NO3)2 + H2O
Application:
Nickel(II) hydroxide is used in the nickel cadmium battery, nickel-metal hydride battery and in rechargeable battery electrodes.
Appearance
Nickel hydroxide is a green powder.
Solubility
Nickel hydroxide is soluble in diluted acids but insoluble in water.
Uses
Nickel hydroxide is used to produce other nickel salts.
Classification
Nickel hydroxide may have cancerous effects, although there is still insufficient evidence to prove this.
Nickel hydroxide is harmful if inhaled and swallowed and it may cause sensitisation by skin contact.
Nickel hydroxide is widely used as positive electrode material in Ni//Cd, Ni//MH and Ni//H2 batteries.
Nickel hydroxide is used in nickel-cadmium batteries and as a chemical intermediary for nickel catalysts and nickel salts. The hydrogenation of finely powdered newspaper with a nickel hydroxide catalyst produces conversion in high yields of cellulose feed materials to liquid hydrocarbon fuels.
Nickel hydroxide occurs as either a fine green powder, green crystals, or an amorphous black powder.
Nickel hydroxide is soluble in acids and ammonium hydroxide, but is practically insoluble in water.
Nickel hydroxide decomposes into nickel oxide and water when heated at elevated temperatures.
Preparation
Nickel hydroxide is prepared by various methods, mostly involving reaction of caustic soda or caustic potash with a soluble nickel salt. Thus, treating nickel sulfate solution with sodium hydroxide forms a voluminous green gel. The gel crystallizes on prolonged storage. Alternatively, the solution on neutralization forms a fine precipitate of nickel hydroxide.
Nickel nitrate also is used as starting material to prepare nickel hydroxide.
Nickel hydroxides aqueous solution, on treatment with sodium or potassium hydroxide, yields a gelatinous precipitate of nickel hydroxide which may be extracted with hot alcohol to form high purity product.
Nickel hydroxide in high purity is prepared by an electrolytic process using metallic nickel as the anode and nickel nitrate solution as the electrolyte.
Nickel hydroxide is electrodeposited at an inert cathode.
Chemical Properties
Black powder.
Chemical Properties
Nickel hydroxide is a light, apple-green powder.
Uses
Nickel salts.
Production Methods
Nickel hydroxide is obtained either by treating nickel sulfate solution with sodium hydroxide or by hot alcohol extraction of the precipitate formed as a result of the reaction of nickel nitrate with potassium hydroxide.
Nickel hydroxide is used for the manufacture of nickel–cadmium electric cells, and as an intermediate product during the manufacture of nickel catalysts.
Preparation
This is precipitated as finely divided green powder when an alkali metal hydroxide solution is added to an aqueous solution of a nickel(II) salt.
Nickel hydroxide is frequently difficult to filter at first but becomes more crystalline upon prolonged standing. If the nickel salt is incompletely precipitated, especially if very strong solutions of nickel(II) are used, then the precipitate may be a basic salt. This is particularly true of the halides, in which case compounds such as NiCl2?3Ni(OH)2 and NiCl2?Ni(OH)2 have been characterized.
Nickel(II) Hydroxide is an insoluble compound with strong redox properties and widespread industrial and laboratory applications.
Appearance :Powder
Physical State :Solid
Storage :Store at room temperature
Melting Point :230° C
Article service life
Release to the environment of Nickel hydroxide can occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.
Other release to the environment of Nickel hydroxide is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
Nickel hydroxide can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: electrical batteries and accumulators.
Nickel hydroxide can be found in products with material based on: metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery).
Uses at industrial sites
Nickel hydroxide is used in the following products: metal surface treatment products.
Nickel hydroxide has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Nickel hydroxide is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, electrical, electronic and optical equipment, machinery and vehicles and fabricated metal products.
Release to the environment of Nickel hydroxide can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
IUPAC names
Nickel hydroxide
nickel(2+);dihydroxide
SYNONYMS:
Nickel(II) hydroxide [Wiki]
12054-48-7 [RN]
234-348-1 [EINECS]
Dihydroxyde de nickel(2+) [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
L8UW92NW6J
Nickel dihydroxide
nickel hydroxide
Nickel(2+) dihydroxide [ACD/IUPAC Name]
nickel(2+) hydroxide
Nickel(2+)dihydroxid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
11113-74-9 [RN]
11113-74-912054-48-7
37280-71-0 [RN]
EINECS 234-348-1
MFCD00011140
Nickel (II) hydroxide
Nickel dihydrate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Nickel hydroxide (amorphous)
nickel hydroxide 98%
nickel hydroxide，ni 60.0-70.0 %
nickel(+2) cation dihydroxide
NICKEL(2+) ION BIS(?-OXIDANIDE)
nickel(2+);dihydroxide
nickel(ii) hydroxide, for analysis
nickel(ii) hydroxide, ni 61%
nickel(ii) hydroxide-ni 61%
