Quick Search
Palmitoyl Glycine is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid.
Palmitoyl Glycine is a conjugate acid of a N-hexadecanoylglycinate.
Palmitoyl Glycine is an endogenous lipid that modulates calcium influx and nitric oxide (NO) production in sensory neurons.
CAS Number: 2441-41-0
Molecular Formula: C18H35NO3
Molecular Weight: 313.48
EINECS Number: 627-023-4
Synonyms: N-Palmitoylglycine, 2441-41-0, 2-(hexadecanoylamino)acetic acid, N-Palmitoyl glycine, Elmiric acid, N-HEXADECANOYLGLYCINE, N-(1-Oxohexadecyl)glycine, N-hexadecanoyl-glycine, N-Ethanoyl-Hexadecanamide, M6V3RIU5KI, Glycine, N-(1-oxohexadecyl)-, CHEBI:39540, DTXSID40179163, RefChem:927307, DTXCID70101654, 627-023-4, Palmitoylglycine, palmitoyl glycine, palmitoyl-glycine, PALGLY, MFCD00153471, 2-hexadecanamidoacetic acid, C18H35NO3, UNII-M6V3RIU5KI, N-palmitoyl-Gly, hexadecanoylglycine, n-palmitoyl-glycine, Pal-Gly-OH, TIMECODE, PALMITOILGLICINA, 2-Palmitamidoacetic Acid, N-palmitoylglycine (NPG), N-palmitoylglycine, powder, EC 627-023-4, N-(1-oxooctadecyl)-Glycine, SCHEMBL515102, CHEMBL226117, orb1693057, BDBM212439, HMS3604M20, PalGly, >=98% (HPLC), solid, LMFA08020079, AKOS021983458, DB03440, FP49073, HY-W074890, NCGC00161199-02, BS-27751, SY277780, DB-255909, CS-0111614, NS00070468, ST50976886, D76997, F493041, Q27094364, N-ALPHA-PALMITOYL-GLYCINE, PALMITOYL-GLYCINE, PAL-GLY-OH, Hexadecanoylaminoacetic acid, PalGly, N-PALMITOYLGLYCINE, N-PALMITOYLGLYCINE, Palmitoyl-glycine≥ 99% (TLC), N-palmitoylglycine, 2-palMitaMidoacetic acid, 2-(hexadecanoylamino)acetic acid, Glycine, N-(1-oxohexadecyl)-
Palmitoyl Glycine is an N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl).
Palmitoyl Glycine has a role as a marine metabolite and a human metabolite.
Palmitoyl Glycine is a fatty amide and a N-acylglycine 16:0.
Palmitoyl Glycine has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties and is widely used in cosmetics.
Palmitoyl Glycine is a naturally occurring N-acyl amino acid, in which a palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) moiety is covalently attached to the amino group of glycine, forming a lipid-conjugated amino acid derivative that combines the hydrophobic, long-chain fatty acid character of palmitic acid with the polar, zwitterionic properties of glycine, giving the molecule both amphiphilic properties and the ability to interact with lipid membranes, proteins, and receptors in biological systems.
This structural arrangement allows Palmitoyl Glycine to function in cellular signaling, modulate pain perception, and influence inflammatory responses, and its lipid component enhances membrane permeability and solubility in lipophilic environments, which is critical for its biological activity and pharmacological potential.
In its physical and chemical characteristics, Palmitoyl Glycine is generally a white to off-white crystalline solid or waxy substance, soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), while being poorly soluble in water, reflecting the dominant hydrophobic effect of the palmitoyl chain.
Its chemical structure allows it to participate in amide bond cleavage, enzymatic hydrolysis, and lipid metabolic pathways, making it a molecule of interest in biochemical research, cosmetic formulations, and pharmaceutical applications, where it is investigated for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and skin-conditioning effects.
Palmitoyl Glycine is considered biocompatible and naturally occurring in small amounts in mammalian tissues, particularly in skin, nervous tissue, and plasma, and it is thought to act as an endogenous modulator of sensory neurons and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which may influence pain signaling, vasodilation, and cellular homeostasis.
Palmitoyl Glycines combination of lipophilic and amino acid properties makes it a versatile compound for topical formulations, therapeutic research, and biochemical studies, where it can be incorporated into creams, gels, or delivery systems to improve skin penetration and biological activity.
Palmitoyl Glycine is an N-acyl amino acid derivative in which the long-chain saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) is covalently bonded to the amino group of the simplest amino acid, glycine, forming an amide linkage that imparts both hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics to the molecule, allowing it to interact with lipid membranes, modulate protein function, and participate in signaling pathways in biological systems.
This amphiphilic nature enables Palmitoyl Glycine to penetrate lipid-rich environments, enhance cellular uptake, and influence receptor-mediated processes, particularly in neuronal and epidermal tissues, where it is known to interact with transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and other sensory or signaling receptors, potentially modulating pain perception, inflammation, and local immune responses.
Melting point: 121 °C (solvent: acetone (67-64-1))
Boiling point: 491.8 ± 28.0 °C (Predicted)
Density: 0.960 ± 0.06 g/cm³ (Predicted)
Vapor pressure: 0.001 Pa at 85 °C
Storage temperature: Sealed, dry, 2–8 °C
Solubility in DMSO: >10 mg/mL
pKa: 3.59 ± 0.10 (Predicted)
Form: Solid
Color: White to off-white
InChI: InChI=1S/C18H35NO3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-17(20)19-16-18(21)22/h2-16H2,1H3,(H,19,20)(H,21,22)
InChIKey: KVTFEOAKFFQCCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(O)(=O)CNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
LogP: 5.85 at 25 °C
Palmitoyl Glycine potently inhibits heat-evoked firing of nociceptive neurons in rat dorsal horn.
Palmitoyl Glycine is an endogenous signaling lipid th at modulates calcium influx and nitric oxide production.
Palmitoyl Glycine inhibits heat-evoked firing of wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons, activates calcium influx in DRG cells and stimulates NO production.
Preliminary studies suggest its signaling mechanism involves GPCR-mediated cation channel activation and a Gαi/o-coupled signaling pathway, which is being further investigated.
Palmitoyl Glycine is an acylglycine with C-16 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety.
Palmitoyl Glycine 1 possess a common amidoacetic acid moiety and are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids.
Elevated levels of certain acylglycines appear in the urine and blood of patients with various fatty acid oxidation disorders.
They are normally produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine ↔ CoA + N-acylglycine.
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acyl-alpha amino acids.
Palmitoyl Glycines are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom.
Palmitoyl Glycine is a white to off-white waxy solid or crystalline powder, typically soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, acetone, and DMSO, while exhibiting limited solubility in water due to the dominant hydrophobicity of the palmitoyl chain, which also influences its melting point, stability, and formulation properties.
Palmitoyl Glycine’s structure allows it to participate in enzymatic hydrolysis, amidation, lipid metabolism, and receptor-mediated biological pathways, making it a valuable molecule in biochemical research, cosmetic science, and pharmaceutical development, where it is explored for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and skin-conditioning properties.
In biological systems, Palmitoyl Glycine is endogenously present in small quantities, particularly in mammalian skin, nervous tissue, and plasma, where it is thought to modulate sensory neuron activity, contribute to homeostatic regulation, and act as a signaling lipid.
Its presence in the skin and interaction with lipid membranes make it a promising ingredient in topical formulations, including creams, gels, and serums, where it can enhance the delivery of active compounds, improve skin barrier function, and provide soothing or conditioning effects.
The combination of a hydrophobic palmitic acid moiety and a hydrophilic glycine residue makes Palmitoyl Glycine an effective molecular tool in pharmaceutical research, cosmetic product development, and mechanistic studies of lipid signaling, where it is utilized to investigate pain pathways, inflammation modulation, lipid-protein interactions, and transdermal delivery mechanisms, highlighting its versatility and functional significance across multiple scientific and industrial applications.
Uses:
Palmitoyl Glycine has been used as an intact polar lipid (IPL) standard for determination of δ 15N values of nitrogen containing headgroups of IPLs using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope-ratio mass spectrometry.
Palmitoyl Glycine is primarily used in pharmaceutical research and development as a bioactive N-acyl amino acid capable of modulating sensory neurons and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, where its activity is exploited to investigate pain signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, and cellular responses to lipid-derived signaling molecules, making it an important compound for the design and testing of novel analgesic, anti-inflammatory, or neuroprotective agents.
In the cosmetic and personal care industry, Palmitoyl Glycine is employed as a skin-conditioning and soothing agent, where its amphiphilic structure allows it to penetrate the stratum corneum and interact with lipid membranes, helping to maintain skin barrier integrity, reduce irritation, and improve the delivery and efficacy of other active ingredients in topical formulations such as creams, lotions, serums, and gels, making it a valuable ingredient in products targeted at sensitive, inflamed, or stressed skin.
Palmitoyl Glycine is also used in biochemical and pharmacological research as a model N-acyl amino acid to study lipid signaling, enzymatic interactions, and receptor binding, allowing scientists to explore mechanisms of action in pain modulation, inflammatory pathways, and neuroprotective signaling, and to develop new molecules with improved pharmacokinetic properties, targeted delivery, or selective receptor modulation, which is crucial in early-stage drug discovery and mechanistic studies.
In addition, Palmitoyl Glycine is applied in formulation science and product development where its amphiphilic nature and mild bioactivity can enhance solubility, stability, and skin penetration of other actives, supporting its use in complex formulations that require compatibility with both hydrophilic and lipophilic components, including functional cosmetics, topical pharmaceuticals, and experimental therapeutic gels.
Palmitoyl Glycine is widely utilized in pharmaceutical and biomedical research as a biologically active N-acyl amino acid capable of modulating sensory neurons, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, and other receptor-mediated pathways, where its molecular structure allows researchers to investigate mechanisms of pain perception, neuroinflammation, immune signaling, and lipid-mediated cellular communication, contributing to the development of novel analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective compounds, as well as providing a model system for studying endogenous lipid signaling molecules and their interactions with cellular membranes and proteins.
In the cosmetic and dermatological industry, Palmitoyl Glycine is incorporated as a skin-conditioning, soothing, and barrier-supporting ingredient, where its amphiphilic character enables it to penetrate the stratum corneum, interact with lipid layers of the skin, and enhance the absorption and efficacy of co-formulated actives, making it particularly valuable in products designed for sensitive, irritated, or inflamed skin, such as creams, serums, gels, and topical therapeutic formulations, while simultaneously improving the sensory feel, hydration, and overall skin barrier function.
Palmitoyl Glycine is also used extensively in formulation and delivery research due to its ability to act as a lipid-based solubilizer and bioactive enhancer, which allows it to increase the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble compounds, improve transdermal or topical delivery of active ingredients, and serve as a functional additive in complex formulations that combine hydrophilic and lipophilic components, thereby supporting innovative product development in both pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Furthermore, Palmitoyl Glycine serves as a valuable experimental tool in biochemical and pharmacological studies, enabling scientists to explore receptor-ligand interactions, enzymatic hydrolysis, lipid-protein binding, and signaling pathways involving N-acyl amino acids, which provides critical insights into molecular mechanisms of pain modulation, immune responses, and cellular homeostasis, ultimately facilitating the rational design of new therapeutics or functional molecules with targeted biological effects.
Palmitoyl Glycine encompass a wide spectrum of applications across pharmaceutical research, cosmetic science, formulation development, and mechanistic biological studies.
Palmitoyl Glycines unique combination of a hydrophobic palmitoyl chain and hydrophilic glycine residue allows it to function simultaneously as a bioactive signaling molecule, a skin-conditioning agent, a solubilizing enhancer, and a research tool, making it highly versatile and indispensable in scientific, industrial, and consumer-product contexts.
Palmitoyl Glycine arises from its dual functional nature combining a long-chain fatty acid and an amino acid, which allows it to serve simultaneously as a bioactive signaling molecule, a cosmetic skin-conditioning agent, a research tool in biochemical and pharmacological studies, and a functional additive in topical formulations, making it a high-value compound across pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and scientific applications.
Safety Profile:
Palmitoyl Glycine is generally considered low in toxicity and safe for use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications at typical concentrations, but, like many bioactive compounds, it may pose certain health risks if handled improperly in concentrated forms, where direct skin contact with high-purity powder or solutions could potentially cause mild irritation, redness, or sensitization in individuals with particularly sensitive skin, and prolonged or repeated exposure may exacerbate these effects in susceptible individuals.
Although Palmitoyl Glycine is biocompatible and naturally occurring in small amounts in mammalian tissues, accidental ingestion of large quantities could cause gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, or mild digestive upset, while inhalation of fine powders during laboratory handling might lead to respiratory irritation, coughing, or transient throat discomfort, particularly in environments lacking adequate ventilation or personal protective equipment.
From a handling and storage perspective, Palmitoyl Glycine should be kept in tightly sealed containers, protected from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight, because exposure to extreme conditions may alter its chemical stability or lead to degradation products, although it is generally chemically stable under normal laboratory or formulation conditions.
Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats should be used when handling the pure compound to minimize contact with skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
