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Phenol (Phenolic Acid), also known as carbolic acid, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H7O4P.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a white crystalline solid that is aromatic and has a characteristic odor.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is derived from benzene and is a hydroxy derivative, meaning it contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a benzene ring.
CAS Number: 701-64-4
Molecular Formula: C6H7O4P
Molecular Weight: 174.09
EINECS Number: 211-857-7
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a white crystalline solid that is volatile.
The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxy group (−OH).
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) and Flavonoids constitute one of the most widespread groups of plant phenolics.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid), it requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 million tonnes a year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, explosives, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid), or Benzenol, (also known as carbolic acid or phenolic acid) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH.
Due to their significance in human health and plants, a deeper understanding of the flavonoid concentration and biological activities can suggest their potential as therapeutic agents, including predicting and monitoring the medicinal herbs' quality as well, would be useful.
Thus, these compounds contain at least one hydroxy group, one carboxyl group, and one aromatic ring.
Salicylic acid is also given as one of the simplest Phenol (Phenolic Acid).
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 mL (0.895 M).
Homogeneous mixtures of Phenol (Phenolic Acid) and water at phenol to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible.
The sodium salt of Phenol (Phenolic Acid), sodium phenoxide, is far more water-soluble.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a combustible solid (NFPA rating = 2). When heated, phenol produces flammable vapors that are explosive at concentrations of 3 to 10% in air.
Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used to fight phenol fires.
C6H5OH + NaOH → C6H5ONa + H2O
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) or phenolcarboxylic acids are types of aromatic acid compounds.
Included in that class are substances containing a phenolic ring and an organic carboxylic acid function (C6-C1 skeleton).
Two important naturally occurring types of Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids, which are derived from non-phenolic molecules of benzoic and cinnamic acid, respectively.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s can be found in many plant species.
Their content in dried fruits can be high.
Natural phenols in horse grams (Macrotyloma uniflorum) are mostly phenolic acids, namely 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic, p-hydroxy benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, syringic, and sinapinic acids.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s can be found in several mushroom-forming species of basidiomycetes.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is also a part of the humic substances, which are the major organic constituents of soil humus.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s can be found in human urine.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a naturally occurring compound in plants.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is slightly aromatic and mostly found in the skins of fruits, seeds, and the leaves of vegetables.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s belong to subclass of a larger category of metabolites commonly referred to as "phenolics".
There are approximately 8,000 naturally occurring compounds under "phenolics", which all have one common structural feature, a Phenol (Phenolic Acid) (an aromatic ring with one hydroxyl substituent).
As a result, Phenol (Phenolic Acid), also known as phenolcarboxylic acids, are phenolic compounds with one carboxylic acid group.
They are one of the main classes of plant phenolic compounds, as they are found in the variety of plant-based foods.
Particularly, a high amount of Phenol (Phenolic Acid) can be found in seeds, skins of fruits, and leaves of vegetables.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a very weak acid and the position of equilibrium lies well to the left.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) can lose a hydrogen ion because the phenoxide ion formed is stabilised to some extent.
The negative charge on the oxygen atom is delocalised around the ring.
The more stable the ion is, the more likely Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is to form.
One of the lone pairs on the oxygen atom overlaps with the delocalised electrons on the benzene ring.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is highly reactive toward electrophilic aromatic substitution.
The enhanced nucleophilicity is attributed to donation pi electron density from O into the ring.
Many groups can be attached to the ring, via halogenation, acylation, sulfonation, and related processes.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is so strongly activated that bromination and chlorination lead readily to polysubstitution.
The reaction affords 2- and 4-substituted derivatives.
The regiochemistry of halogenation changes in strongly acidic solutions where PhOH2]+ predominates.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) reacts with dilute nitric acid at room temperature to give a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol while with concentrated nitric acid, additional nitro groups are introduced, e.g. to give 2,4,6-trinitrophenol.
Friedel Crafts alkylations of Phenol (Phenolic Acid) and its derivatives often proceed without catalysts.
Alkylating agents include alkyl halides, alkenes, and ketones.
Alcohols and hydroperoxides alkylate Phenol (Phenolic Acid) in the presence of solid acid catalysts (e.g. certain zeolite).
Cresols and cumyl Phenol (Phenolic Acid) can be produced in that way.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a type of phytochemical, also called a polyphenol.
Other types of Phenol (Phenolic Acid) include flavonoids and stilbenes.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s and other polyphenols are found in a variety of plant-based foods.
The seeds and skins of fruits and the leaves of vegetables contain the highest concentrations.
Foods rich in Phenol (Phenolic Acid), such as fruits and vegetables, may be beneficial for health, but it's difficult to understand how much of that benefit is actually due to the phenolic acids or to the nutrients, fiber, and other phytochemicals also found in those foods.
Aqueous solutions of Phenol (Phenolic Acid) are weakly acidic and turn blue litmus slightly to red.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is neutralized by sodium hydroxide forming sodium phenate or phenolate, but being weaker than carbonic acid, it cannot be neutralized by sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate to liberate carbon dioxide.
When a mixture of Phenol (Phenolic Acid) and benzoyl chloride are shaken in presence of dilute sodium hydroxide solution, phenyl benzoate is formed.
This is an example of the Schotten–Baumann reaction:
C6H5COCl + HOC6H5 → C6H5CO2C6H5 + HCl
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is reduced to benzene when it is distilled with zinc dust or when its vapour is passed over granules of zinc at 400 °C:
C6H5OH + Zn → C6H6 + ZnO
When Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is treated with diazomethane in the presence of boron trifluoride (BF3), anisole is obtained as the main product and nitrogen gas as a byproduct.
C6H5OH + CH2N2 → C6H5OCH3 + N2
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) and its derivatives react with iron(III) chloride to give intensely colored solutions containing phenoxide complexes.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are readily absorbed through the walls of your intestinal tract.
They may be beneficial to your health because they work as antioxidants that prevent cellular damage due to free-radical oxidation reactions.
They may also promote anti-inflammatory conditions in your body when you eat them regularly.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are found in several plant species.
Their content present in the dried fruits can be high.
Natural Phenol (Phenolic Acid) in the horse grams (which is Macrotyloma uniflorum) are mostly given as phenolic acids, which are namely phydroxybenzoic, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic, vanillic, p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, sinapinic acids, and syringic.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are also found in the species of mushroom Basidiomycetes.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a part of the humic substances, which are given as the major organic constituents of soil humus.
Drinking coffee has been associated with a decreased risk of certain cancers and other chronic diseases.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) contains caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, but it also contains caffeine and other potentially beneficial compounds.
Similarly, red wine has Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) also has resveratrol, another polyphenol that has potential health benefits.
Phenolic acids, also known as phenol carboxylic acids, are aromatic acids that contain a phenolic ring and a carboxyl functional group.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s constitute one of the most widespread groups of plant phenolics.
Because of their significance in plants and human health, a deeper understanding of flavonoid concentration and biological activities may suggest their potential as therapeutic agents, as well as predicting and monitoring the quality of medicinal herbs, would be useful.
Therefore, Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s contain at least one aromatic ring, one hydroxyl group, and one carboxyl group.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is one of the simplest phenolic acids.
The structure of a Phenol (Phenolic Acid) molecule is illustrated below.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a colorless to light-pink, crystalline solid with a sweet, acrid odor.
Exposure to phenol may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, nose, throat, and nervous system.
Some symptoms of exposure to phenol are weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, muscle aches, and pain.
Severe exposure can cause liver and/or kidney damage, skin burns, tremor, convulsions, and twitching.
Workers may be harmed from exposure to phenol.
The level of harm depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is used in many industries.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)’s used for medicine as a slimicide, antiseptic, and disinfectant and to manufacture a number of products.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s including simple phenols and phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids are bioactive substances occurring widely in food plants.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are closely associated with the sensory and nutritional quality of fresh and processed plant foods.
The enzymatic browning reaction of phenolic compounds, catalyzed by polyphenoloxidase, could cause the formation of undesirable color and flavor and the loss of nutrient in fruits and vegetables.
Many Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s in plants are good sources of natural antioxidants.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a great interest in recent years that many phenolic compounds in foods have inhibitory effects on mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid), any of a family of organic compounds characterized by a hydroxyl (―OH) group attached to a carbon atom that is part of an aromatic ring.
Besides serving as the generic name for the entire family, the term Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is also the specific name for its simplest member, monohydroxybenzene (C6H5OH), also known as benzenol, or carbolic acid.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are similar to alcohols but form stronger hydrogen bonds.
Thus, they are more soluble in water than are alcohols and have higher boiling points.
Phenols occur either as colourless liquids or white solids at room temperature and may be highly toxic and caustic.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid), one of the most potent plant-based compounds, is a natural source of antioxidants for skin.
They have become famous and widely recommended by dermatologists for their pivotal role in skin care.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is highly synergistic component which means phenol acid interacts with other antioxidants for skin quickly to boost their benefits.
For example, both Vitamins C and E are natural skin antioxidants that often get depleted due to various reasons, like pollution, but when add phenolic acid to Vitamins C and E, the acidic nature of phenol boosts their efficacy.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are compounds that have gained much attention in many scientific research areas due to their strong antioxidant properties which are thought to be beneficial to health.
Scientists believe that they stop the reaction of free radicals with other molecules in body, preventing damage to DNA as well as long-term health affect phenolic compounds from medicinal herbs and dietary plants include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, stilbenes, curcuminoids, coumarins, lignans, quinones, and others.
Even lemon peel is high in Phenol (Phenolic Acid).
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is an antiseptic and disinfectant. It is active against a wide range of micro-organisms including some fungi and viruses, but is only slowly effective against spores.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) has been used to disinfect skin and to relieve itching.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is also used as an oral analgesic or anesthetic in products such as Chloraseptic to treat pharyngitis.
Additionally, Phenol (Phenolic Acid) and its related compounds are used in surgical ingrown toenail treatment, a process termed phenolization.
Research indicates that parental exposure to phenol and its related compounds are positively associated with spontaneous abortion.
During the second world war, Phenol (Phenolic Acid) injections were used as a means of execution by the Nazis.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a toxic compound whose vapours are corrosive to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are technically chemical compounds that contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon group (ring of carbons).
They are found as simple phenols (image 1) and polyphenols that contain many carbon rings (image 2).
Because they can take many shapes and sizes they have many different functions within our bodies and the environment.
The phenols discussed here are those found in food that have health benefits.
There are also synthetic phenols, phenols made in the body (dopamine, epinephrine, estrogen, et al) and phenols from the environment that have estrogen and endocrine disrupting properties.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) has a six-membered benzene ring with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is chemical structure is represented as C6H5OH.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is considered an aromatic compound due to the presence of a benzene ring in its structure.
The benzene ring contributes to its stability and characteristic aromatic properties.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a white crystalline solid at room temperature, but it can also be found in liquid form.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) has a characteristic sweet and medicinal odor.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is soluble in water to some extent.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, but its solubility decreases with the presence of more hydrophobic groups.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a weak acid and can donate a proton (H+) from its hydroxyl group.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) undergoes ionization in aqueous solutions to form phenoxide ions.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) has various industrial applications, including its use in the production of plastics, resins, and pharmaceuticals.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a precursor to various chemicals, including bisphenol A, used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics.
Historically, Phenol (Phenolic Acid) has been used as an antiseptic and disinfectant due to its ability to kill bacteria.
However, its use in this regard has diminished over time due to its toxic nature.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is used as a laboratory reagent and is involved in certain organic syntheses.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) serves as the parent compound for a variety of derivatives, including phenolic acids.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are a class of compounds that contain a phenolic ring and a carboxylic acid group.
Melting point: 97°C
Boiling point: 346.9±25.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.499±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
solubility: soluble in Methanol
form: powder to crystal
pka: 1.25±0.30(Predicted)
color: White to Light yellow to Light red
FDA 21 CFR: 176.170
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are found in some of the healthiest foods and supplements we consume.
The foods highest in phenols are all berries, dark-skinned grapes, pomegranates and other fruits with dark red and purple pigments.
In many cases it's the phenols that make them healthy.
There's a flip side to phenols though.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)'s a perfect example of "too much of a good thing".
Compounds like alcohols and phenol which contain an -OH group attached to a hydrocarbon are very weak acids.
Alcohols are so weakly acidic that, for normal lab purposes, their acidity can be virtually ignored.
However, Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is sufficiently acidic for it to have recognizably acidic properties - even if it is still a very weak acid.
A hydrogen ion can break away from the -OH group and transfer to a base.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is more acidic than aliphatic alcohols.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is enhanced acidity is attributed to resonance stabilization of phenolate anion.
In this way, the negative charge on oxygen is delocalized on to the ortho and para carbon atoms through the pi system.
An alternative explanation involves the sigma framework, postulating that the dominant effect is the induction from the more electronegative sp2 hybridised carbons; the comparatively more powerful inductive withdrawal of electron density that is provided by the sp2 system compared to an sp3 system allows for great stabilization of the oxyanion.
In support of the second explanation, the pKa of the enol of acetone in water is 10.9, making it only slightly less acidic than phenol (pKa 10.0).
Thus, the greater number of resonance structures available to phenoxide compared to acetone enolate seems to contribute little to its stabilization.
However, the situation changes when solvation effects are excluded.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a potent proteolytic agent.
Concentrations in the 5% to 7% range dissolve tissue on contact via proteolysis.
In high concentrations when injected next to a nerve, Phenol (Phenolic Acid) produces a chemical neurolysis which is nonselective across nerve fiber size and most prominent on its outer aspect.
Local anesthetic effects occur within 5-10 minutes.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid), phenyl glucuronide, quinol sulfate, and quinol glucuronide were detected in human beings as phenol metabolites.
In carbon tetrachloride and in alkane solvents, Phenol (Phenolic Acid) hydrogen bonds with a wide range of Lewis bases such as pyridine, diethyl ether, and diethyl sulfide.
The enthalpies of adduct formation and the −OH IR frequency shifts accompanying adduct formation have been compiled.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is classified as a hard acid.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are common in nature; examples include tyrosine, one of the standard amino acids found in most proteins; epinephrine (adrenaline), a stimulant hormone produced by the adrenal medulla; serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain; and urushiol, an irritant secreted by poison ivy to prevent animals from eating its leaves.
Many of the more complex Phenol (Phenolic Acid) used as flavourings and aromas are obtained from essential oils of plants.
For example, vanillin, the principal flavouring in vanilla, is isolated from vanilla beans, and methyl salicylate, which has a characteristic minty taste and odour, is isolated from wintergreen.
Other Phenol (Phenolic Acid) obtained from plants include thymol, isolated from thyme, and eugenol, isolated from cloves.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) exhibits keto-enol tautomerism with its unstable keto tautomer cyclohexadienone, but the effect is nearly negligible.
The equilibrium constant for enolisation is approximately 10−13, which means only one in every ten trillion molecules is in the keto form at any moment.
The small amount of stabilisation gained by exchanging a C=C bond for a C=O bond is more than offset by the large destabilisation resulting from the loss of aromaticity.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) therefore exists essentially entirely in the enol form.
4, 4' Substituted cyclohexadienone can undergo a dienone–phenol rearrangement in acid conditions and form stable 3,4‐disubstituted phenol.
For substituted Phenol (Phenolic Acid), several factors can favor the keto tautomer: (a) additional hydroxy groups (see resorcinol) (b) annulation as in the formation of naphthols, and (c) deprotonation to give the phenolate.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) liquid is often used in molecular biology with trichloromethane and chloroform to separate RNA, DNA, or proteins, and isolate them in the pure form.
This process is known as liquid-liquid extraction.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)’s done by adding an equal amount of phenol and chloroform to a solution of cells or tissues.
The phenol-chloroform mixture separates molecules based on how soluble the tissue sample is in that solution.
The pH level of phenol helps separate the DNA and RNA.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are enolates stabilised by aromaticity.
Under normal circumstances, phenoxide is more reactive at the oxygen position, but the oxygen position is a "hard" nucleophile whereas the alpha-carbon positions tend to be "soft".
In organic chemistry, Phenol (Phenolic Acid), sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of one or more hydroxyl groups (−OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
The simplest is phenol, C6H5OH.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are both synthesized industrially and produced by plants and microorganisms.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) and its vapors are corrosive to the eyes, the skin, and the respiratory tract.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is corrosive effect on skin and mucous membranes is due to a protein-degenerating effect.
Repeated or prolonged skin contact with phenol may cause dermatitis, or even second and third-degree burns.
Inhalation of Phenol (Phenolic Acid) vapor may cause lung edema.
The Phenol (Phenolic Acid) may cause harmful effects on the central nervous system and heart, resulting in dysrhythmia, seizures, and coma.
The kidneys may be affected as well.
Long-term or repeated exposure of the substance may have harmful effects on the liver and kidneys.
There is no evidence that phenol causes cancer in humans.
Besides its hydrophobic effects, another mechanism for the toxicity of Phenol (Phenolic Acid) may be the formation of phenoxyl radicals.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) can be injected into muscles to treat a condition known as muscle spasticity.
This happens when brain doesn’t communicate properly with spinal cord and nerves.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) causes muscles to become tight.
Muscle spasticity can even interrupt ability to walk or talk.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) can be caused by conditions like Parkinson’s disease, cerebral palsy, or brain trauma.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) injection helps limit the signals sent from nerves to muscles that cause contractions.
This allows to move more easily and feel less discomfort.
This treatment is similar to getting a botulinum toxin A (Botox) shot.
But Phenol (Phenolic Acid) tends to be more useful for large muscles.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a major component of phenolic adhesives used in wood products like plywood and oriented strand board (OSB).
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s can also be used in wood preservatives such as creosote.
History Of Phenol (Phenolic Acid):
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) was discovered in 1834 by Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, who extracted it (in impure form) from coal tar.
Runge called phenol "Karbolsäure" (coal-oil-acid, carbolic acid).
Coal tar remained the primary source until the development of the petrochemical industry.
The French chemist Auguste Laurent extracted phenol in its pure form, as a derivative of benzene, in 1841.
In 1836, Auguste Laurent coined the name "phène" for benzene; this is the root of the word "phenol" and "phenyl".
In 1843, French chemist Charles Gerhardt coined the name "phénol".
The antiseptic properties of phenol were used by Sir Joseph Lister (1827–1912) in his pioneering technique of antiseptic surgery.
Lister decided that the wounds themselves had to be thoroughly cleaned.
He then covered the wounds with a piece of rag or lint covered in carbolic acid (phenol).
The skin irritation caused by continual exposure to phenol eventually led to the introduction of aseptic (germ-free) techniques in surgery.
Lister's work was inspired by the works and experiments of his contemporary, Louis Pasteur in sterilizing various biological media.
He theorized that if germs could be killed or prevented, no infection would occur.
Lister reasoned that a chemical could be used to destroy the micro-organisms that cause infection.
Meanwhile, in Carlisle, England, officials were experimenting with sewage treatment using carbolic acid to reduce the smell of sewage cesspools.
Having heard of these developments, and having himself previously experimented with other chemicals for antiseptic purposes without much success, Lister decided to try carbolic acid as a wound antiseptic.
He had his first chance on August 12, 1865, when he received a patient: an eleven-year-old boy with a tibia bone fracture which pierced the skin of his lower leg.
Ordinarily, amputation would be the only solution.
However, Lister decided to try carbolic acid.
After setting the bone and supporting the leg with splints, he soaked clean cotton towels in undiluted carbolic acid and applied them to the wound, covered with a layer of tin foil, leaving them for four days.
When he checked the wound, Lister was pleasantly surprised to find no signs of infection, just redness near the edges of the wound from mild burning by the carbolic acid.
Reapplying fresh bandages with diluted carbolic acid, the boy was able to walk home after about six weeks of treatment.
Uses Of Phenol (Phenolic Acid):
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) can be used to stain membranes and other biological structures.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) resin is used in binders, adhesives, laminates, impregnation products, surface coatings, casting sand, etc.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are widely used in household products and as intermediates for industrial synthesis.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) itself is used (in low concentrations) as a disinfectant in household cleaners and in mouthwash.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) may have been the first surgical antiseptic.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) resin is a synthetic resin, commonly known as phenolic, made by the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde, and employed as a molding material for the making of mechanical and electrical parts.
The resins are also used for laminating, coatings, and casting resins.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are used most extensively as thermosetting plastic materials, as there are only a few uses as thermoplastics.
The polymer is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is molecular weight varies from a very low value during its early state of formation to almost infinity in its final state of cure.
The chemical configuration, in the thermoset state, is usually represented by a threedimensional network in which the phenolic nuclei are linked by methylene groups.
The completely cross-linked network requires three methylene groups to two phenolic groups.
A lesser degree of cross-linking is attainable either by varying the proportions of the ingredients or by blocking some of the reactive positions of the Phenol (Phenolic Acid) nucleus by other groups, such as methyl, butyl, etc.
Reactivity can be enhanced by increasing the hydroxyl groups on the Phenol (Phenolic Acid), for example, by the use of resorcinol.
In industry, Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is used as a starting material to make plastics, explosives such as picric acid, and drugs such as aspirin.
The common phenol hydroquinone is the component of photographic developer that reduces exposed silver bromide crystals to black metallic silver.
Other substituted Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are used in the dye industry to make intensely coloured azo dyes.
Mixtures of Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s (especially the cresols) are used as components in wood preservatives such as creosote.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are used for low-cost partsrequiring good electrical insulating properties,heat resistance, or chemical resistance.
Theaverage shelf life of this resin is about 1 monthat 21.1°C.
This can be extended by storing it ina refrigerator at 1.6 to 10°C.
Varying the catalyst(according to the thickness of the cast) andraising the cure temperature to 93°C will alterthe cure time from as long as 8 h to as short as15 min.
Some shrinkage occurs in the finished casting(0.012 to 0.6 mm/mm), depending on thequantity of filler, amount of catalyst, and therate of cure.
Faster cure cycles produce a higherrate of shrinkage.
Since the cure cycle can beaccelerated, Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are used in short-runcasting operations.
Cast Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s parts are easily removed fromthe mold if the parting agents recommended bythe supplier are used.
Posteuring improves thebasic properties of the finished casting.
The major uses of Phenol (Phenolic Acid), consuming two thirds of its production, involve its conversion to precursors for plastics.
Condensation with acetone gives bisphenol-A, a key precursor to polycarbonates and epoxide resins.
Condensation of phenol, alkylphenols, or diphenols with formaldehyde gives phenolic resins, a famous example of which is Bakelite.
Partial hydrogenation of phenol gives cyclohexanone, a precursor to nylon.
Nonionic detergents are produced by alkylation of Phenol (Phenolic Acid) to give the alkylphenols, e.g., nonylphenol, which are then subjected to ethoxylation.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is also a versatile precursor to a large collection of drugs, most notably aspirin but also many herbicides and pharmaceutical drugs.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a component in liquid–liquid phenol–chloroform extraction technique used in molecular biology for obtaining nucleic acids from tissues or cell culture samples.
Depending on the pH of the solution either DNA or RNA can be extracted.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is used in certain medical procedures and as an ingredient in numerous treatments and laboratory applications.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is commonly used in surgeries for ingrown toenails.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)’s used on more severe ingrown toenails that don’t respond to other treatments.
The Phenol (Phenolic Acid), in the form of trichloroacetic acid, is used to stop the nail from growing back.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are among the phytochemicals present in cereals which promote health.
Because of their antioxidant properties, phenolic compounds are receiving a lot of attention.
The most common types of Phenol (Phenolic Acid) compounds found in whole grains are phenolic acids and flavonoids.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are the most abundant in cereals, and flavonoids also exist in grains.
The total Phenol (Phenolic Acid) and flavonoid content of 20 genotypes of small grain cereals, including bread wheat, durum wheat, rye, hulless barley and hull-less oat, was analysed.
These phytochemicals had the highest content in hull-less barley followed by hull-less oat, rye, durum wheat, and bread wheat.
The role of gut microbiota in the biotransformation of phytochemicals, including Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s, is widely accepted, causing the formation in the circulation of food-derived metabolites and excreted in the urine.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) was widely used as an antiseptic.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is use was pioneered by Joseph Lister (see § History section).
From the early 1900s to the 1970s Phenol (Phenolic Acid) was used in the production of carbolic soap.
Concentrated phenol liquids are used for permanent treatment of ingrown toe and finger nails, a procedure known as a chemical matrixectomy.
The procedure was first described by Otto Boll in 1945.
Since that time Phenol (Phenolic Acid) has become the chemical of choice for chemical matrixectomies performed by podiatrists.
Concentrated liquid Phenol (Phenolic Acid) can be used topically as a local anesthetic for otology procedures, such as myringotomy and tympanotomy tube placement, as an alternative to general anesthesia or other local anesthetics.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) also has hemostatic and antiseptic qualities that make it ideal for this use.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s find use in industry as antioxidants, chemical intermediates, disinfectants, tanning agents, photographic developers, and additives to lubricants and gasoline.
They are widely used in the photography, petroleum, paint, explosive, rubber, plastics, pharmaceutical and agricultural industries.
The three major uses for Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are found in the manufacture of phenolic resins, bisphenol A and caprolactam.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is used in the manufacture of a variety of compounds, including drugs, dyes and colourless or light-coloured artificial resins.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a general disinfectant for toilets, stables, cesspools, floors and drains, as well as an extractive solvent for petroleum refining.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is found in germicidal paints, slimicides and glue.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is used particularly as an antioxidant in the rubber, chemical, photography, dye, fat and oil industries.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is also employed in cosmetics and in some pharmaceuticals.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is used in some throat sprays that can help numb throat and relieve symptoms caused by a sore throat, or irritation in the mouth caused by canker sores.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are the ones among the phytochemicals that are present in cereals that promote health.
Despite their antioxidant properties, Phenol (Phenolic Acid) compounds receive more attention.
The most common types of phenolic compounds found in whole grains are given as flavonoids and phenolic acids.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are the most abundant compounds found in cereals, and the flavonoids also exist in grains.
The total flavonoid and phenolic content of 20 genotypes of very small grain cereals, including durum wheat, bread wheat, rye, hulless oat, and hullless barley, were analyzed.
These phytochemicals consisted of the highest content in hull-less barley, followed by the rye, durum wheat, bread wheat, and hulless oat.
The role of gut microbiota in bio-transformation of the phytochemicals, along with the Phenol (Phenolic Acid), is widely accepted, causing the circulation of food-derived metabolites excreted in the urine.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) was also used for skin cleaning and itching reducing.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is also used in drugs such as Chloraseptic to treat pharyngitis as an oral analgesic or anaesthetic.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) and its related compounds are also used in the diagnosis of a surgical ingrown toenail, a procedure called phenolization.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) spray, usually at 1.4% phenol as an active ingredient, is used medically to treat sore throat.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is the active ingredient in some oral analgesics such as Chloraseptic spray, TCP and Carmex.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is so inexpensive that it also attracts many small-scale uses.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a component of industrial paint strippers used in the aviation industry for the removal of epoxy, polyurethane and other chemically resistant coatings.
Due to safety concerns, Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is banned from use in cosmetic products in the European Union and Canada.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s are used as disinfectants in household cleaners and can have an anti-inflammatory effect in mouthwash.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is a Phenol (Phenolic Acid) that is a common antioxidant in food, cosmetics and industrial fluids.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is used to manufacture polycarbonate and epoxy resins, used in a range of consumer product and industrial applications, from protective eyewear, sports safety equipment and food containers to coatings, electronic equipment and automobiles
Phenol (Phenolic Acid)s also can be used as an intermediate for industrial synthesis to make a variety of products, ranging from plastics, explosives, paints, fertilizers, textiles, aspirin and paper.
Hydroquinone, a common Phenol (Phenolic Acid), is used as a reduction agent in photographic developing solutions.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a key raw material in the production of plastics and resins.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is used in the synthesis of phenolic resins, which find applications in manufacturing molded products, laminates, and coatings.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is a precursor in the synthesis of bisphenol A (BPA), an essential component in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is utilized in the pharmaceutical industry as a starting material for the synthesis of various drugs and pharmaceutical compounds.
Historically, Phenol (Phenolic Acid) has been used as a disinfectant and antiseptic due to its antimicrobial properties.
However, Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is use in this context has diminished over time due to concerns about its toxicity.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) derivatives are used in the formulation of certain herbicides and pesticides, contributing to their effectiveness in controlling weeds and pests.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is used in the production of explosives, particularly in the synthesis of picric acid.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is employed in the production of dyes and pigments, contributing to the coloration of various materials.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) serves as a common laboratory reagent and is used in organic synthesis for the preparation of various organic compounds.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) and its derivatives have been used in wood preservation to protect wood from decay and insect infestation.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is used in the textile industry for various processes, including dyeing and finishing.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) resins derived from phenol are widely used in the production of laminates and adhesives, providing strength and durability.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) has been historically used in some oral care products, such as mouthwash, for its antimicrobial properties.
However, alternative ingredients are often preferred in modern formulations.
Safety Profile OfPhenol (Phenolic Acid):
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is toxic and can cause harm if ingested, inhaled, or comes into contact with the skin.
The severity of toxicity depends on the concentration and duration of exposure.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is corrosive and can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact.
Skin exposure may lead to burns, redness, and blistering.
Ingesting Phenol (Phenolic Acid) can lead to systemic effects, affecting the central nervous system, liver, kidneys, and cardiovascular system.
Symptoms may include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and, in severe cases, organ damage.
Inhalation of Phenol (Phenolic Acid) vapors can irritate the respiratory tract, causing coughing, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is flammable and can form explosive mixtures in the air.
Combustion can release toxic by-products such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is hazardous to the environment.
If released into water, Phenol (Phenolic Acid) can be toxic to aquatic life.
Phenol (Phenolic Acid) is persistent and can accumulate in the environment, contributing to long-term ecological concerns.
Synonyms Of Phenol (Phenolic Acid):
Phenylphosphoric acid
Phenyl dihydrogen phosphate
Phenylphosphate
701-64-4
Phenyl phosphate
Phosphoric acid, monophenyl ester
MONOPHENYL PHOSPHATE
monophenylphosphate
Phenolic phosphate
phenol phosphate
PHENYLPHOSPHORICACID
Dihydrogen Phenyl Phosphate
Phosphoric Acid Phenyl Ester
CHEMBL26128
DTXSID6044981
CHEBI:37548
75M88J863E
EINECS 211-857-7
UNII-75M88J863E
phenoxyphosphonic acid
1o4o
PHENYL ACID PHOSPHATE
SCHEMBL20263
Phenyl dihydrogen phosphate #
Phosphoric acid monophenyl ester
DTXCID4024981
BDBM14675
HSDB 8430
phenylphosphoric acid, AldrichCPR
Tox21_301808
MFCD00058970
AKOS001031076
DB03298
NCGC00256125-01
CAS-701-64-4
PHENYL PHOSPHATE ((PHO)(HO)2PO)
B0026
FT-0695226
C02734
D88591
Q27094221
Z56801278
