POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBITAN MONOSTEARATE (POLYSORBATE 60)

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) has a faint, characteristic odor and a warm, somewhat bitter taste. 
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is a mixture of stearate and palmitate partial esters of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydrides condensed with approximately 20 mole of ethylene oxide (C2H4O) for each mole of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60), commonly known as Polysorbate 60, is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier used in a wide range of applications. 

CAS Number: 9005-67-8
Molecular Formula: C64H126O26
EINECS Number: 500-020-4

Synonyms: ], 3453J8557N, X61U1UH01B, 073G38N8GC, HD40WR33LC, 90SOR12GHG, CAL22UVI4M, 9005-67-8, Sorbitan, monostearate polyoxyethylene deriv., CCRIS 702, FEMA No. 2916, Glycosperse S-20, Peg sorbitan stearate, Peg-20 sorbitan stearate, Polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monostearate, Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, Sorbitan, monostearate, polyoxyethylene derivs., PEG-40 Sorbitan stearate, Polyoxyethylene-40-sorbitan monostearate, Polysorbate 60, Sorbitan, monooctadecanoate, poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivs., Tween 60, PEG-6 Sorbitan stearate, PEG-60 Sorbitan stearate, Polyethylene glycol (3) sorbitan monostearate, Polyethylene glycol 300 sorbitan monostearate, Polyethylene glycol 3000 sorbitan monostearate, Polyethylene glycol 2000 sorbitan stearate, PEG-3 Sorbitan stearate, Polyoxyethylene (6) sorbitan monostearate, Polyoxyethylene (60) sorbitan monostearate, Polyoxyethylene (40) sorbitan stearate, Polysorbate 61, Sorbimacrogol stearate 300, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate, Polyoxyethylene (3) sorbitan monostearate, Polyoxyethylene (4) sorbitan monostearate, UNII-HD40WR33LC, UNII-90SOR12GHG, UNII-3453J8557N, UNII-X61U1UH01B, UNII-073G38N8GC, UNII-CAL22UVI4M, Sorbitan monostearate, ethoxylated, EC 500-020-4, FEMA 2916;POLYSORBATE 60 USP/NF;POLYSORBATE 60 extrapure;Polysorbat 60;Polysorbatum 60, Tween(R) 60;Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monostearate, Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate;TWEEN(R) 61;Lonzest(R) SMS-20

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is derived from the reaction of sorbitan (a sugar alcohol and fatty acid derivative) with ethylene oxide. 
The "20" in its name refers to the average number of ethylene oxide units in the molecule.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) consists of a mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides (which have an
acid value below 10 and a water content below 0.2%) with the food-grade stearic acid and condensed with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of sorbitol and its anhydrides. 

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is a versatile and efficacious synthetic compound made up of sorbitol, fatty acids, and ethylene oxide. 
It exhibits both hydrophilic and lipophilic characteristics, making it an effective emulsifier. 
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) emulsifier is also known by the E number E435 when used as a food additive.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) serves as an emulsifying agent, helping to disperse and stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. 
It allows water and oil to mix, preventing separation. 
Its emulsification properties make it especially useful in the personal care, food, and pharmaceutical industries. 
 
The number 20 following the 'polyoxyethylene' part refers to the total number of oxyethylene -(CH2CH2O)- groups found in the molecule. 
The number following the 'Polysorbate 60' part is related to the type of fatty acid associated with the polyoxyethylene sorbitan part of the molecule. 
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is indicated by 20, monopalmitate is indicated by 40, monostearate by 60, and monooleate by 80.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is listed in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 as an authorised food additive and categorized in “Additives other than colours and sweeteners” (4).
Its safety was re-evaluated in 2018, together with other polysorbates (20, 40, 65, 80). 

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is approved ingredient in Australia and New Zealand with the code number 435. 
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) and the other Polysorbate ingredients (Polysorbate 21, Polysorbate 40, Polysorbate 60, Polysorbate 61, Polysorbate 65, Polysorbate 65, Polysorbate 80, Polysorbate 81, Polysorbate 85) are a series of general purpose hydrophilic, nonionic surfactants. 
The Polysorbates are used in a variety of products including skin fresheners, skin care products, skin cleansing products, makeup bases and foundations, shampoos, permanent waves and fragrance powders.

The Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) ingredients help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they would not normally dissolve.
They also help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified.
Polysorbates are surfactants that are produced by reacting the polyol, sorbitol, with ethylene oxide. 

The number in the name of the Polysorbate indicates the average number of moles of ethylene oxide that has been reacted per mole of sorbitol. 
The polyoxyethylenated sorbitan is then reacted with fatty acids obtained from vegetable fats and oils such as lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. 
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) function to disperse oil in water as opposed to water in oil Safety Information.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) permits Polysorbate 20, Polysorbate 60, Polysorbate 65 and Polysorbate 80 to be directly added to food as adjuvants of flavoring agents or as multipurpose additives. 
FDA also includes Polysorbate 20, Polysorbate 40, Polysorbate 60, Polysorbate 65, Polysorbate 80 and Polysorbate 85 on its list of indirect food additives as emulsifiers and/or surface active agents.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) has FDA approval as an ophthalmic demulcent and may be used in Over-The-Counter (OTC) ophthalmic drug products. 
The safety of Polysorbate 20, Polysorbate 21, Polysorbate 40, Polysorbate 60, Polysorbate 61, Polysorbate 65, Polysorbate 80, Polysorbate 81 and Polysorbate 85 has been assessed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. 
The CIR Expert Panel evaluated the scientific data and concluded that Polysorbate 20, 21, 40, 60, 61, 65, 80, 81 and 85 were safe as cosmetic ingredients.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is the abbreviation of “polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate”. 
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is primarily used as an emulsifier in food and a solubilizer and surfactant in cosmetics. 
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) helps water-based and oil-based ingredients blend easily and prevent their separation in food.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is an amber/golden-colored water-soluble viscous liquid. 
It is manufactured from polyethoxylated sorbitan (derived from the dehydration of sorbitol, a sugar alcohol) and oleic acid, a fatty acid found in animal and vegetable fats. 
Due to this structure, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) forms an approximate hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of 15. 

The final products are free from genetically modified organisms and of vegetable origin. 
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is a non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier find use in foods as emulsifier for salad dressings and chocolates, in cosmetics for preparing skin, facial cleansers and hair care products, and to disperse active ingredients in pharmaceuticals benefiting the pharmacological industry.

The solubility of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) allows it to assist in dissolving ingredients that would remain solid under normal circumstances.
In foods like ice cream, Polysorbate 80 is added up to 0.5% (v/v) concentration to make the ice cream smoother and easier to handle, as well as increasing its resistance to melting. 
Vitamins, tablets, and supplements also contain Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) because of its preservative nature. 

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) being a nonionic surfactant is used in soaps and cosmetics (including eyedrops), or as solubilizer in mouthwashes.
In order to get the same wonderful colors you use in your other bath and body products, add Polysorbate 80 at about 2 % (of total batch) in your liquid stage. 
This should eliminate any ring around the tub or floating mica that can occur if don't use it.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) or Tween 60, is an synthetic ingredient made from reaction of sorbitol, stearic acid (C18) and ethylene oxide. 
Due to this structure, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) forms an approximate hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of 14.9. 
The primary use of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) as an emulsifier in food (number E435) and as a solubilizer & surfactant in cosmetics is well known.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is a synthetic multi-ingredient that can be used as a surfactant, emulsifier, solubilizer, stabilizer in food, cosmetics and personal care products. 
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) helps water-based and oil-based ingredients blend easily and prevent their separation in food.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) and 80 are mostly used in food among the category of Polysorbates, but the latter is used more than polysorbate 60 in food.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) and 80 are the most commonly used in bakery food production. 
They help to extend shelf life, improve the strength and increase volume of baked goods and frozen desserts.
As a high HLB emulsifier, its food grade can be blended with a low HLB emulsifier (e.g. sorbitan stearate, mono and diglycerides) to provide a suitable HLB value for the various food uses, either oil in water, or water in oil emulsion.

Its general purpose in cosmetics is to mix water and oil together.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) functions as a surfactant, emulsifier, solubilizer and dispersing agent. 
Some of its applications as follows: Help wash away body dirt by lowering the surface tension on the skin when used in shampoos and body washes. 

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) heps distribute essential oils, fragrances and colorants evenly in water for Lotions, Creams, Hair products, Skin care products and Makeup products.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is safe to consume and has been approved as a safe ingredient by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), as well as the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is short for polyoxyethylene-(20)- sorbitan monostearate. 
It and its close relatives, polysorbate 65 and 80, work the same way as mono- and diglycerides, but smaller amounts are needed. 
They keep baked goods from going stale, keep dill oil dissolved in bottled dill pickles, help coffee whiteners dissolve in coffee, and prevent oil from separating out of artificial whipped cream. 

A 2015 study of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) and another emulsifier (car­boxymethylcellulose) in mice found that both affected gut bacteria and triggered inflammation and other changes in the gut, as well as obesity and metabolic syndrome. 
In mice that were predisposed to colitis, the emulsifiers pro­moted the disease. 

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is possible that polysorbates and other emulsifiers act like detergents to disrupt the mucous layer that lines the gut, and that the results of this study may apply to other emulsifiers as well. 
Research needs to be done to determine long-term effects of these and other emulsifiers at levels that people consume.

Melting point: 45-50 °C
Boiling point: 802.68°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.044 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: <10 hPa (20 °C)
FEMA: 2916 | POLYSORBATE 60
refractive index: n20/D 1.474
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 100 g/L
pka: 0[at 20 ℃]
form: powder to lump to clear liquid
color: White or Colorless to Yellow
Odor: mild alcoholic
PH: 5.5-7.7 (50g/l, H2O, 25℃)
Odor Type: alcoholic
Water Solubility: 100 g/L
FreezingPoint: 21.0 to 25.0 ℃
Merck: 14,7582
Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB): 15
LogP: 3.938 at 25℃

A polymer composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan, where the total number of poly(ethylene glycol) units is 20 (w + x + y + z = 20) and a single terminal is capped by a stearate group.
Mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides with edible commercial stearic acid and condensed with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of sorbitol and its anhydrides

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60), the full name polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate, is an ingredient made from sorbitol, stearic acid (C18) and ethylene oxide. 
It is primarily used as an emulsifier in food (the European food additive number E435) and a solubilizer & surfactant in cosmetics.
Like other polysorbates, the number 60 after polysorbate means the type of fatty acid, here is monostearate; the number 20 following polyoxyethylene indicates the total number of oxyethylene groups in the molecule structure.

According to the FDA, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is manufactured by reacting stearic acid with sorbitol to obtain sorbitan monostearate first and then condensed with ethylene oxide. 
As the commercial food grade stearic acid usually contains palmitic acid, so Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is a mixture of ethoxylated ethers of stearic and palmitic acid esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides and other related compounds.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60)s are derived from ethoxylated sorbitan (a derivative of sorbitol) esterified with fatty acids and exist as oily liquids. 
These Polysorbates belong to the class of emulsifiers used in pharmaceuticals and food preparations (salad dressing, ice cream, chocolates, baked goods and confectionery). 
They are used in cosmetics to solubilize essential oils into water-based products, pharmaceuticals, detergents, paints, and plastic applications. 

These Polysorbates surfactants consist primarily of oleic, stearic or lauric fatty acid esters with sorbitol-derived cyclic ethers (sorbitans and sorbides) and further polymerized with approximately 20 molecules of oxirane per molecule of Polysorbates.
The number following the 'polysorbates' part reflects the type of fatty acid connected with the polyoxyethylene sorbitan part of the molecule. 

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60), monopalmitate is indicated by 40, monostearate by 60, and monooleate by 80. 
The number 20 following the 'polyoxyethylene' part refers to the total number of oxyethylene -(CH2CH2O)- groups found in the molecule.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is derived from sorbitol, a natural sugar alcohol and forms a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant by the ethoxylation of sorbitan (derived from the dehydration of sorbitol) before the addition of lauric acid. 

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is relatively nontoxic and stable therefore can be used as a emulsifier and detergent in a number of domestic, scientific, and pharmacological applications.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) functions as a good wetting agent having food application in flavoured mouth drops, providing a spreading feeling to other added flavour ingredients. 
In biochemical applications, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) finds use as washing agent in immunoassays, solubilizing agent for membrane proteins, and lysis solutions for mammalian cells. 

While in the pharma sector, it functions as an excipient helping to stabilize emulsions and suspensions. 
The Cosmetics Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel evaluated the scientific data and concluded that Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is safe for use in cosmetic formulations.

Uses:
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is used as an emulsifier for plastic & polymers, personal care and industrial applications.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is used as an emulsifier. 
Suggested applications: cakes, shortenings, milk substitute, chocolate flavored syrup.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is an emulsifier manufactured by reacting stearic acid with sorbitol to yield a product which is reacted with ethylene oxide. 
It is a nonionic, waterdispersible surface-active agent which is very hydrophilic. 
It is also termed polysorbate 60. 

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is used in whipped vegetable toppings for overrun and lightness; in cakes for increased volume and fine grain; in icings and confectionery for lightness and syneresis control; and in salad dressing for emulsion stability. 
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is frequently used with sorbitan monostearate or monoand diglycerides. 

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is used in baked goods to improve crumb softness and extend shelf life.
Helps maintain foam stability and consistency in whipped creams and toppings.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) enhances smoothness and prevents ice crystal formation.

Acts as an emulsifier to combine water and oil components, providing a smooth texture.
Stabilizes formulations and enhances foaming properties.
Improves the spreadability and stability of foundations, mascaras, and lipsticks.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) adds mild cleansing and conditioning properties while maintaining formulation stability.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is used in creams and ointments to stabilize emulsions and ensure uniform dispersion of active ingredients.
Ensures that water-insoluble ingredients are evenly distributed.

Occasionally used in injectable formulations as a solubilizer for certain drugs.
Enhances cleaning performance and improves the solubility of hydrophobic components.
Provides emulsification and stability in water-based paints and coatings.

Acts as a lubricant or antistatic agent in textile processing.
Sometimes used in cell culture media or biochemical applications as a solubilizing agent.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) employed in pesticide formulations to stabilize emulsions.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is used in margarine, peanut butter, and processed cheeses to improve stability and texture.
Prevents oil separation in products containing fats or oils.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) acts as a stabilizer in flavored beverages and emulsifies essential oils in fruit drinks.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) enhances the aeration and volume of baked goods like cakes and pastries.
Reduces staling, thereby extending the product's shelf life.
Helps improve mouthfeel and texture in low-fat mayonnaise, salad dressings, and spreads.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) stabilizes active ingredients like retinoids or vitamins in anti-aging formulations.
Helps evenly disperse UV-blocking agents in water-resistant sunscreens.
Maintains uniform dispersion of active ingredients and fragrances.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) included in baby lotions and washes due to its gentle, non-irritating properties.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is used as a solubilizer for hydrophobic drugs in parenteral formulations.
Acts as an emulsifier in eye drops to maintain sterility and dispersion.

Improves consistency and uniform distribution of active components.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) incorporated in dietary supplements to stabilize oil-soluble vitamins like A, D, E, and K.
Acts as a surfactant in herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides, ensuring even dispersion of active ingredients.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) stabilizes pigments and prevents separation in water-based inks.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is used in polymer emulsions to control foam and improve texture during manufacturing.
Serves as an anti-rust agent and stabilizer in lubricants for industrial machinery.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is used as a surfactant in cell culture media to solubilize hydrophobic compounds.
Protects proteins from denaturation during pharmaceutical formulation or biochemical assays.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is utilized in certain preparations to enhance contrast or stabilize slides.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) improves grease-cutting efficiency and foam stability.
Enhances solubility and disperses stains more effectively in water.
Maintains emulsification of cleaning agents in water-based products.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is used as a solubilizer for essential oils in alcohol-free fragrance formulations.
Found in eco-friendly cleaning products for its mild and biodegradable nature.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) emulsifies oil-based medications for animal use.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) contributes to the stability and spreading ability of firefighting foams.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is used to stabilize resins or create fine-textured printable materials.
Applied in stabilizing nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery or other high-tech applications.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is used to encapsulate active ingredients like vitamins or peptides for time-release effects in skincare.
Helps extend the shelf life of products by stabilizing emulsified preservatives.

Safety Profile:
Moderately toxic by intravenous route. 
Experimental reproductive effects. 
Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. 

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) by regulatory bodies such as the FDA when used within recommended limits. 
However, excessive intake or prolonged use in certain sensitive individuals might cause minor gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions.