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Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is a nonionic surface-active agent that improves the stability and uniformity of oil-in-water formulations.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is especially useful in food systems where fat dispersion, aeration, softness, and texture control are required.
In cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and industrial products, Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) helps solubilize oily ingredients and improve wetting, spreading, and dispersion.
CAS Number: 9005-67-8
EC Number: 500-021-X
Molecular Formula: C64H126O26
Molecular Weight: ~1311.65 g/mol
Synonyms: Polysorbate 60, E435, INS 435, Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate, Polyoxyethylene(20) Sorbitan Monostearate, PEG-20 Sorbitan Monostearate, PEG Sorbitan Stearate, Sorbimacrogol Stearate 300, Sorbomacrogol Stearate 300, POE(20) Sorbitan Monostearate, Tween 60, FEMA No. 2916, FDA UNII CAL22UVI4M
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is a versatile synthetic compound made up of sorbitol, stearic acid (C18), and ethylene oxide, labeled E435 and belonging to polysorbate emulsifiers based on sorbitan, stearic acid, and a polyoxyethylene part.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) exhibits both hydrophilic and lipophilic characteristics, making it an effective emulsifier that allows water and oil to mix and prevents separation.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is an O/W emulsifier with an HLB value of 14.9, and is a lemon to orange oily liquid or semi-gel at room temperature with a slight characteristic odor and slightly bitter taste.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is soluble in water, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, aniline, and toluene, and is insoluble in mineral and vegetable oils.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is produced by chemically combining sorbitol with stearic acid followed by ethoxylation with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule; as with other polysorbates, the number 60 refers to the monostearate fatty acid type and 20 indicates the total number of oxyethylene groups.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is widely used in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, daily chemicals, and industrial processing, and the World Health Organization and the US Food and Drug Administration have recognized it as authorized for use in food and pharmaceuticals.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is used to stabilize emulsions and improve uniformity, volume, and texture in products where fat and water phases must remain together.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is often used in combination with sorbitan monostearate and is also used as a finisher and lubricant in the textile industry.
Uses of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, solubilizer, wetting agent, dispersing agent, flavoring agent, surface-active agent, and thickener.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is widely used in the food industry as an emulsifier and stabilizer in baked goods, dairy products, salad dressings, whipped cream, ice cream, margarines, creams, sauces, jellies, pie fillings, cake, protein drinks, and frozen desserts.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) helps water-based and oil-based ingredients blend easily and prevents their separation in food, and can also act as a foaming agent in alcoholic drinks and as a dispersant in candy making.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) helps improve the texture and mouthfeel of food products such as ice cream and whipped cream by preventing ice crystal formation and stabilizing foam.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) in food can be used as an emulsifier, stabilizer especially in frozen desserts to avoid oil-water separation, and dispersant such as in the dispersion of non-dairy coffee creamer.
As a high-HLB emulsifier, Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) food grade can be blended with a low-HLB emulsifier such as sorbitan stearate or mono- and diglycerides to provide a suitable HLB value for oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion food applications.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is used in cosmetics including lotions, creams, sunscreens, shampoos, hair products, skin care products, and makeup as an emulsifier, solubilizer, surfactant, and dispersing agent to combine oil and water-based ingredients and distribute essential oils, fragrances, and colorants evenly.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is a gentle emulsifier that can be incorporated into baby products, as it is mild and non-irritating to the skin.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a solubilizer to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs and improves their solubility in aqueous solutions.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is used as a softener and antistatic agent in the textile industry to improve the texture, softness, and elasticity of fabrics.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) can effectively improve the absorptive capacity for liquid paraffin and fat-soluble substances.
Benefits or Advantages of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is an emulsifier with excellent emulsion-stabilizing properties, capable of producing stable homogeneous mixtures that are extremely important in the production of food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) acts as a surfactant that facilitates the combination of two normally incompatible substances such as water and fats.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) can be widely used in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications, offering versatility across many sectors.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is a nonionic surfactant with a neutral charge, making it compatible with a broad range of ingredient types and formulation systems.
Features of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) appears as a pale yellow to yellowish solid, semi-solid, or paste at room temperature with a mild characteristic odor; it becomes a lemon-to-orange oily liquid or semi-gel and is pourable at 30 to 35 degrees C.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) has a density of approximately 1.10 to 1.12 g/cm3, a viscosity of 300 to 450 cSt at 30 degrees C, a melting point of 45 to 50 degrees C, a boiling point of 583.8 degrees C (760 mmHg), and a flash point above 149 degrees C.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) has an HLB value of approximately 14.9, a pH of 5.5 to 7.7 in 50 g/L aqueous solution, and a refractive index of approximately 1.498.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is soluble in water at 100 g/L, soluble in ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, and toluene, and insoluble in mineral oil and vegetable oil.
Chemical Properties of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is produced by esterification of sorbitan with stearic acid followed by ethoxylation with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide, yielding a polyoxyethylene chain that gives the molecule its hydrophilic character.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) has a molecular formula of C64H126O26 and a molecular weight of approximately 1311.65 g/mol.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is chemically stable under recommended storage and handling conditions and does not react dangerously under normal use conditions.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) may react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, or strong bases, and thermal decomposition or combustion may produce carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and irritating organic fumes.
Production and Chemical Reactions of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is produced by first dehydrating sorbitol to form sorbitan, then esterifying with stearic acid (C18 fatty acid), and finally ethoxylating with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide to form the final polyoxyethylene chain.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) production is carried out under controlled conditions to ensure consistent HLB value, saponification value, hydroxyl value, and acid value within specification limits, and quality control verifies parameters including acid value, hydroxyl value, moisture, oxyethylene content, residue on ignition, heavy metals, arsenic, and lead content.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Handling of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) should be handled in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practices.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) handling requires avoiding contact with eyes, skin, and clothing, and avoiding breathing mist or aerosols.
SDS of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Stability and Reactivity of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Chemical stability:
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) is stable under recommended storage and handling conditions.
Reactivity:
No dangerous reaction is expected under normal conditions of use.
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) may react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, or strong bases.
Conditions to avoid:
Excessive heat.
Open flames.
Direct sunlight.
Freezing.
Contamination.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents.
Strong acids.
Strong bases.
Reactive chemicals.
Hazardous decomposition products:
Carbon monoxide (CO).
Carbon dioxide (CO2).
Irritating organic fumes.
Handling and Storage of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Handling:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practices.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
Avoid breathing mist or aerosols.
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep container tightly closed when not in use.
Protect from heat, direct sunlight, freezing, and contamination.
Keep in original sealed containers or suitable HDPE/plastic packaging.
First Aid Measures of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Inhalation:
Move person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulty or irritation occurs, seek medical attention.
Skin contact:
Wash affected area with plenty of water and soap.
Remove contaminated clothing.
Seek medical advice if irritation persists.
Eye contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion:
Rinse mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Seek medical advice if symptoms occur.
Firefighting Measures of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Suitable extinguishing media:
Water spray.
Foam.
Dry chemical powder.
Carbon dioxide (CO2).
Specific hazards:
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435) may burn under fire conditions.
Combustion may produce carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and irritating organic fumes.
Protective equipment for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear full protective clothing during firefighting operations.
Accidental Release Measures of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Personal precautions:
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Use suitable protective equipment.
Surfaces may become slippery after spillage.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent large spills from entering drains, waterways, or soil.
Cleanup methods:
Absorb with inert material such as sand, earth, or absorbent granules.
Collect into suitable labeled containers for disposal.
Wash spill area with water after collection.
Exposure Controls / Personal Protective Equipment of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Engineering controls:
Use adequate ventilation, especially where mist or aerosols may be generated.
Eye protection:
Wear safety goggles or face shield.
Skin protection:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves and protective clothing.
Respiratory protection:
Not normally required under good ventilation.
Use suitable respiratory protection if mist or aerosols are generated.
Hygiene measures:
Wash hands after handling.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while using the product.
Identifiers of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
E Number: E435
INS Number: 435
CAS No.: 9005-67-8
EC No.: 500-021-X
FDA UNII: CAL22UVI4M
HLB value: Approximately 14.9
GB Standard: 10.015 (China National Food Additive Standard)
Chemical class: Nonionic surfactant / Polysorbate / Sorbitan ester
Function: Emulsifier, stabilizer, solubilizer, wetting agent, dispersant, surfactant, thickener
Properties of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Physical state: Liquid, semi-solid, or paste (temperature-dependent)
Appearance: Pale yellow to yellowish solid or semi-solid; lemon to orange oily liquid above 30 to 35 degrees C
Odor: Mild characteristic odor
Taste: Slightly bitter
Density: Approximately 1.10 to 1.12 g/cm3
Melting point: 45 to 50 degrees C
Boiling point: 583.8 degrees C (760 mmHg)
Flash point: Above 149 degrees C (open cup: 190.4 degrees C)
Viscosity: 300 to 450 cSt at 30 degrees C
pH (50 g/L, H2O, 25°C): 5.5 to 7.7
Refractive index: Approximately 1.498
HLB value: Approximately 14.9
Peroxide number: ≤10
Heavy metals: ≤10 ppm
Solubility in water: 100 g/L (soluble)
Solubility in ethanol: Soluble
Solubility in isopropanol: Soluble
Solubility in ethyl acetate: Soluble
Solubility in toluene: Soluble
Solubility in mineral oil: Insoluble
Solubility in vegetable oil: Insoluble
Ionic character: Nonionic
Emulsion type: Oil-in-water (O/W)
Specifications of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Chemical name: Polyoxyethylene(20) Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60)
Acid value (mg KOH/g): ≤2.0
Saponification value (mg KOH/g): 45-55
Hydroxyl value (mg KOH/g): 81-96
Moisture (w/%): ≤3.0
Residue on ignition (w/%): ≤0.25
Lead (Pb) (mg/kg): ≤2
Arsenic (As) (mg/kg): ≤3
Oxyethylene (w/%): 65.0-69.5
Storage conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in original sealed containers
Names of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Polysorbate 60) (E435):
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate
Polysorbate 60
E435
INS 435
Polyoxyethylene(20) Sorbitan Monostearate
PEG-20 Sorbitan Monostearate
POE(20) Sorbitan Monostearate
PEG Sorbitan Stearate
Sorbimacrogol Stearate 300
Sorbomacrogol Stearate 300
Tween 60
FEMA 2916
