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Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer is the trade name of polysorbate 80, defined as polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate, offered with emphasis on its function of solubilizing essential oils, fragrances and oil-soluble substances in water. It is a nonionic surfactant registered under CAS No 9005-65-6 and EC No 500-019-9. It is found as an oily, viscous liquid ranging from yellow to amber in color; it dissolves in water and ethanol, and its HLB value is about 15.
Also known in Turkish as Polisorbat 80 Çözündürücü, this substance carries water-loving polyethylene oxide chains and an oil-loving oleic acid tail in the same molecule. Above a certain concentration it forms micelles; the oil phase is taken into the micelle core, while the hydrated outer shell keeps the solution in balance in water. The amount of polysorbate required varies with the type and amount of oil to be solubilized, so the ratio is determined by trial in each system.
Also known as Tween 80, the product is used in room and linen sprays, body sprays, toners, shampoos, shower gels, bath oils, bath bombs, oral care products, pharmaceutical formulations and laboratory buffers. In selection, the quality grade, peroxide level, color, and ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane residues are decisive. This product can be supplied from ATAMAN KİMYA; it is recommended to contact ATAMAN KİMYA for technical information and supply requests.
WHAT IS POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER?
Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer is a nonionic surfactant belonging to the family of polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters. The name reflects the best-known function of the substance: dispersing or keeping clear, in aqueous products, oils, fragrances and oil-soluble components that do not dissolve in water.
Chemically, sorbitan, the derivative of sorbitol formed by intramolecular loss of water, is esterified with oleic acid and then ethoxylated with about 20 moles of ethylene oxide. For this reason the substance is also called polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate. The 80 at the end of the name shows that the fatty acid part is oleic acid.
The commercial product is not a single pure compound. It is a mixture of mono-, di- and triesters with different degrees of ethoxylation, free polyethylene oxide chains and isosorbide derivatives. For this reason the number 20 expresses an average value, while the formula and molecular weight express typical values.
In physical appearance it is a clear or slightly opalescent, viscous liquid ranging from yellow to amber. Its odor is very faint; in some documents it is described as odorless, in others as slightly characteristic. It is fluid at room temperature and its consistency increases in the cold.
The main function of the product is solubilization. When it is mixed with oil in a suitable ratio and added to water, the oil is taken into the micelles and a clear or slightly opalescent solution forms. This differs from an emulsion, because the droplets are very small and the solution can stay for a long time without separating.
The name Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer is seen especially in supply lists aimed at small and medium-scale cosmetic, personal care and home fragrance producers. These products are mostly offered in cosmetic grade and for external use.
Specification information is often limited. Some sellers sell the product with a note that it is not suitable for use in food.
In terms of chemical identity, the product shares the same CAS number as standard polysorbate 80, known as the food additive with the code E 433. The difference lies not in the chemical formula but in the quality grade, specification, documents and intended use. For use in food and drugs, conformity to the relevant monograph must be documented separately.
Because of its long and unsaturated oleic acid chain, polysorbate 80 shows good compatibility with heavier, less polar oils. Polysorbate 20, with lauric acid, is chosen more often for light essential oils and clear spray products. The two products are not direct substitutes for each other; trials are needed.
Sorbitan monooleate, that is Span 80, differs from polysorbate 80. Span 80 is a non-ethoxylated, oil-soluble emulsifier and is often used together with polysorbate 80 to build emulsions. Because the word “Solubilizer” only indicates the function, it must not be confused with other solubilizers such as castor oil ethoxylates.
COMMON PRODUCT AND CHEMICAL NAMES OF POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER:
Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer
Polisorbat 80 Çözündürücü
Polisorbat 80 Çözünürleştirici
Polysorbate 80
Polisorbat 80
Tween 80
Tween 80 Solubilizer
Polioksietilen (20) sorbitan monooleat
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate
Polioksietilen sorbitan monooleat
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate
POE (20) sorbitan monooleat
PEG-20 sorbitan monooleat
PEG-20 Sorbitan Oleate
Sorbimacrogol oleate 300
Polysorbatum 80
Polysorbat 80
Polysorbate 80 NF
Kozmetik kalite Polisorbat 80
Cosmetic grade Polysorbate 80
E 433
INS 433
Kolliphor PS 80
Montanox 80
Alkest TW 80
T-Maz 80K
Kotilen-80
Super Refined Polysorbate 80
The great majority of these names express the same substance in different languages, with different systematic spellings or under the brands of different manufacturers. Polysorbatum 80 is the Latin spelling used in the European pharmacopoeia; Polysorbat 80 is the German spelling. Polysorbate 80 NF indicates a grade conforming to the American National Formulary monograph.
Tween is a registered trademark of Croda International. Kolliphor PS 80 is a product name of BASF, Montanox 80 of Seppic, and Alkest TW 80 of Oxiteno and Indorama. Kotilen-80 and T-Maz 80K are also names of the same substance belonging to different manufacturers. The super refined grade is a class specially purified with the aim of low peroxide.
The “Solubilizer” suffix shows the sales presentation, not the chemical identity. Some of the products listed under this name are cosmetic-grade polysorbate 80; some present the same substance under brand names such as Tween 80 or T-Maz 80. When ordering, the CAS number, the quality grade and the document request must be written together with the name.
Attention must be paid to names that resemble each other. For polysorbate 20, CAS 9005-64-5; for polysorbate 40, 9005-66-7; and for polysorbate 60, 9005-67-8 are used. Sorbitan monooleate, on the other hand, is registered under number 1338-43-8. These substances are separate products carrying a different fatty acid or a different degree of ethoxylation.
On some database and seller pages, the formula C₂₄H₄₄O₆ and the value 428.6 g/mol are seen for polysorbate 80. These values belong to non-ethoxylated sorbitan monooleate, that is Span 80. The values C₃₂H₆₀O₁₀ and 604.8, on the other hand, show a single representative component of the mixture; they must not be used as identity information of the product.
CAS NO, EC / EINECS NO AND CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER
Product name: Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer / Polisorbat 80 Çözündürücü
Common abbreviation: PS 80; Tween 80
Chemical name: Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate
INCI name: Polysorbate 80
Food additive number: E 433; Codex INS 433. This number is for standard polysorbate 80; it must be verified separately whether a cosmetic-grade product sold under the name Solubilizer meets the food specification
CAS No: 9005-65-6
EC / EINECS No: 500-019-9
Molecular formula: C₆₄H₁₂₄O₂₆ (typical representation)
Molecular weight: About 1309.68 g/mol; rounded to 1310 g/mol in some documents
Chemical class: Nonionic, polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid ester
Main functions: Solubilizer, O/W emulsifier, dispersant, wetting agent, stabilizer, viscosity modifier, mild cleansing surfactant
In the cosmetic ingredient database it appears under the name Polysorbate 80 and with reference number 36902. As a flavoring component it is FEMA 2917, and its UNII code is 6OZP39ZG8H. In the European cosmetic ingredient list it is associated with functions such as emulsifying, cleansing surfactant and perfuming.
On some pages the number 100.105.529 is shown as if it were the EC number. This number is also seen as the ECHA InfoCard ID; the EC number of the product is 500-019-9. When examining a document, the two numbers must not be confused.
The formula C₆₄H₁₂₄O₂₆ represents an ideal molecule carrying 20 ethylene oxide units. The real product is a mixture of many molecules with different degrees of ethoxylation. For this reason the formula and molecular weight are not values measured directly in quality control, but typical values that help identification.
The existence of an INCI name does not mean the product can be used without limit in every cosmetic product; the existence of the E 433 number does not show that every grade can be used in food. A safety assessment in cosmetics, the E 433 specification in food and the relevant monograph in drugs must be sought separately.
The CAS number is necessary to match the product with the correct substance, but it is not sufficient on its own. Cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical, super refined and technical grades are sold under the same number. In a request, the quality grade, the monograph and the requested documents must be stated together with the CAS number.
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER
The backbone of polysorbate 80 is built on sorbitan. Sorbitol turns into sorbitan by intramolecular ring closure; one of the hydroxyl groups forms an ester bond with oleic acid, and polyoxyethylene chains containing a total of about 20 ethylene oxide units are attached to the remaining ones. The result is a four-armed structure extending from the sorbitan ring.
The polyoxyethylene chains consist of repeating ether bonds. Because the ether oxygens form hydrogen bonds with water, this region is strongly hydrophilic. The chains form a hydrated, flexible and wide shell in water; this shell prevents oil droplets and micelles from approaching one another.
The oil-loving part is the oleic acid chain, which has 18 carbons and a cis double bond at carbon 9. The double bond creates a kink in the chain. Because this kink prevents regular packing, the product stays liquid at room temperature; polysorbate 60 and 65, which carry saturated fatty acids, are firmer.
The 18-carbon length of the oleic acid chain provides a wider oil-loving region than the 12-carbon chain of lauric acid. This difference is the structural basis of polysorbate 80 being more compatible with heavy and less polar oils, and polysorbate 20 with light and more polar essential oils.
The molecule is nonionic. Because there is no charged group in its structure, its effect is much less influenced by pH and salt concentration than that of anionic surfactants. A supplier document states that the product is stable in about the pH 3–10 range. This makes it easier to use in acidic toners and sprays.
The ester bond is the chemically most sensitive region. In strong acid or base, at high temperature and under the action of esterase enzymes, the ester is hydrolyzed; oleic acid is released. As a result the surface activity weakens, free fatty acid accumulates in the medium and the product may become cloudy.
The double bond in oleic acid and the polyethylene oxide chains are open to oxidation. Light, heat, oxygen and trace metals can start radical reactions and form hydroperoxides, aldehydes and carboxylic acids. For this reason protection from light and monitoring of the peroxide value are important.
Polysorbate 80 forms micelles in water at high concentration. The critical micelle concentration is about 0.012 mM; this value corresponds to about 15 mg per liter. On one manufacturer page the aggregation number is given as about 60 and the average micelle mass as about 79,000.
Nonionic surfactants with polyethylene oxide chains become cloudy at a certain temperature because of the hydration water that the chains release as temperature rises. On one manufacturer page a cloud point of 65 °C is given for polysorbate 80. This value depends on concentration and measurement conditions and must not be regarded as an exact limit.
The structural features related to solubility can be summarized as follows. First, the number of ether oxygens and their hydration. Second, the hydrophobicity of the oleic acid chain. Third, the disruption of chain order by the double bond. Fourth, the wide molecular distribution resulting from the product being a mixture.
This structure explains why polysorbate 80 is a good solubilizer. The wide and flexible hydrated shell keeps the micelles in water; the bent oleic acid chains adapt to the oil molecules in the core. Whether the oil is polar or apolar determines the required amount of polysorbate.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER
General technical properties:
Values may vary with the manufacturer, the grade and the measurement method; the information below is for general informational purposes and does not replace manufacturer-specific TDS and SDS documents.
Physical appearance: Clear or slightly opalescent, oily and viscous liquid ranging from yellow to amber; very faintly characteristic odor, odorless in some documents
Chemical character: Nonionic, hydrophilic, polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid ester; solubilizer and O/W emulsifier
Molecular formula: C₆₄H₁₂₄O₂₆ (typical representation)
Molecular weight: About 1309.68 g/mol; 1310 g/mol in some documents
CAS No: 9005-65-6
EC / EINECS No: 500-019-9
Purity and composition: Defined by a monograph or supplier specification rather than a single purity percentage. In pharmacopoeia and food specifications, at least 58 percent of the fatty acids is oleic acid. Some cosmetic supplier pages state a purity above 95 percent or above 99 percent; because the measurement method is not given, these statements need to be verified with a COA
HLB value: About 15
Density: About 1.06–1.10 g/cm³ at 25 °C; values such as 1.064, 1.08 and 1.09 are seen in documents
Viscosity: 300–500 mm²/s kinematic at 25 °C; about 400–620 mPa·s dynamic is given in different documents
Solubility in water: Soluble in water; also soluble in ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate. Practically insoluble in fixed oils and liquid paraffin. One supplier states that it does not dissolve in glycerin
pH (aqueous solution): About 5–7 at 20 °C at a concentration of 50 g/L; given as 6–8 for a 5 percent solution. It should not be taken as a single value without the concentration being stated
Saponification value: 45–55 mg KOH/g
Hydroxyl value: 65–80 mg KOH/g in most specifications
Acid value: At most about 2 mg KOH/g in pharmacopoeia and food specifications
Water (moisture): At most 3 percent in monographs in most cases; some suppliers give a lower limit
Peroxide value: Limited to about 10 mEq/kg in the food specification; much lower in super refined and low-peroxide grades
Ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane: In the EU food specification, ethylene oxide at most 0.2 mg/kg and 1,4-dioxane at most 5 mg/kg. In cosmetic supplier documents, limits such as 1 ppm for ethylene oxide and 10 ppm for 1,4-dioxane are seen
Heavy metals: General limit at most 10 ppm; one European supplier reports below 20 ppm
Flash point: According to documents above 113 °C, above 125 °C, above 149 °C, above 250 °C or 280 °C; the measurement method differs
Cloud point: 65 °C on one manufacturer page; depends on concentration and conditions
Critical micelle concentration: About 0.012 mM in pure water
Decomposition: At high temperature, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide form. Light, oxygen, heat and trace metals accelerate peroxide formation
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions. Incompatible with strong oxidizers, strong acids and bases, and heavy metal salts; it should be protected from moisture, heat and light
Short Description of Physical Properties
Polysorbate 80 is a fluid but viscous liquid at room temperature. Because its density is slightly higher than that of water, it may sink to the bottom when added to water and requires stirring to mix. Its consistency increases in the cold; in this case, gentle heating makes weighing and transfer easier.
In cosmetic use, color and odor are important. Polysorbate 80 can look slightly darker than polysorbate 20 and hazier in solution. A color difference from bright yellow to greenish yellow has been reported between production batches; this difference may be visible in light-colored and clear products.
Some values in data sheets look inconsistent at first glance. The flash point is given between 113 °C and 280 °C, the viscosity between 300 and 620, and the pH between 5 and 8. These differences mostly come from the grade, the measurement method and the solution concentration; values should be checked against the product’s own COA.
The value of about 79,000 given as average molecular weight on some pages expresses the micelle, not a single molecule. Since the aggregation number is about 60 and the molecular mass is about 1310, the product is close to this value. This value should not be used as the molecular weight in the formula.
Both the expressions “oil soluble” and “oil insoluble” are seen in sources. According to the monographs, the product is practically insoluble in fixed oils and liquid paraffin; however, a premix can be made with the oil phase and the oil can be taken into the micelles. The two expressions describe different conditions.
If the acid value has risen, the color has darkened or a bitter odor has developed, the product may have aged or hydrolyzed. pH alone is not a quality criterion; the acid value, peroxide value and appearance should be monitored together.
HOW DOES POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER WORK AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL?
When polysorbate 80 is added to water, the polyoxyethylene chains form hydrogen bonds with water molecules through their ether oxygens and become hydrated. The oleic acid tail, on the other hand, avoids water. This two-faced structure makes the molecules orient at the water-oil interface; the tail faces the oil phase and the hydrated chains face the water phase.
When the concentration exceeds the critical micelle concentration, polysorbate 80 forms micelles. The micelle core consists of oleic acid chains and the outer shell of hydrated polyethylene oxide chains. Perfume, essential oils and oil-soluble active substances settle in the core or in the core-shell interlayer.
This event is called solubilization. When oil molecules enter the micelles, the micelle swells and the oil phase stays in water as a single visible phase. The solution can be clear, because the size of swollen micelles does not reach a size that strongly scatters visible light.
The swelling capacity of micelles is limited. In laboratory studies, swollen micelles prepared with polysorbate 80 carried volatile components such as oregano oil and cinnamaldehyde in structures of 92–337 nm. At low surfactant-oil ratios, about 10 g of hydrophobic component was taken per gram of surfactant.
In the same study, when the surfactant-oil ratio went up to one, the proportion of encapsulated oil stayed between about 50 and 79 percent depending on the component. So, even if the amount of polysorbate increases, not every oil is solubilized to the same extent. The water solubility and polarity of the oil are the main factors determining the required amount of polysorbate.
Solubilization is not instantaneous. In the study, the mixing of the oil into water proceeded largely by diffusion and the tendency to turbidity continued for days. In practice, therefore, polysorbate is first mixed with the oil, and when the mixture becomes clear it is added slowly to the water with stirring.
Dilution affects micelles. In the same study, diluted micelles grew, and at very high dilution some dispersed. If an aqueous product will be diluted during use, for example one added to bath water, this behavior can change the dispersion and appearance of the oil.
Temperature is also effective. Heating can enlarge micelles, and the solution may become cloudy as the cloud point is approached. In a seller question it is stated that when polysorbates are kept around 40 °C for a long time their effect may decrease and turbidity or separation may be seen; this information is a seller comment and should be tried in your product.
The oleic acid tail of polysorbate 80 is longer than the lauric acid tail of polysorbate 20. In a study with a poorly soluble component such as quercetin, polysorbate 80 provided a greater solubility increase than polysorbate 20 under the same conditions. This suggests that the long tail offers a wider oil environment in the core.
When used to build an emulsion, the effect is based on lowering interfacial tension. Molecules settling at the interface make it easier to break the oil into small droplets; the hydrated chain layer around the droplet physically prevents them from approaching.
Because this steric stabilization does not rely on electric charge, it is more resistant to changes in salt and pH.
In a nanoemulsion study made with eucalyptus oil, mixtures prepared with polysorbate 60 and 80 were found unstable at low concentrations and stable in the 12–18 percent range. This result shows that when the amount of surfactant is insufficient, the system may separate instead of solubilizing.
Hydrolysis and oxidation reduce the effect over time. When the ester bond is hydrolyzed, free oleic acid accumulates, and turbidity, precipitate or odor change can be seen. Oxidation can form peroxides and disturb the stability of perfumes, vitamins and sensitive active substances.
In the laboratory, the same surface activity is used in wash buffers to reduce the sticking of proteins to plastic surfaces, to dissolve membrane proteins and in cell separation processes. Because it can disrupt cell membranes at high concentrations, the concentration is chosen carefully in these applications.
IN WHICH SECTORS IS POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER USED?
Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer is found as a solubilizer, emulsifier and dispersant in more than one sector. The most common area of use is cosmetics and personal care; home fragrance, bath products, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology, laboratory and some industrial applications follow. The main sectors and functions are given below.
Cosmetics and personal care
In toners, face sprays, body sprays, micellar water, shampoos, shower gels and lotions, it keeps perfume and essential oils in the aqueous base in a clear or slightly opalescent form. It takes part in creams as a co-emulsifier. On cosmetic supplier pages, the use level is mostly given between 1–10 percent or 1–20 percent.
Home fragrance and cleaning products
In room sprays, linen sprays and water-based fragrance products, it disperses perfume oil in water. In some cleaning products such as furniture polish, it is also mentioned as a dispersant. In these applications, the aim is for the oil to stay in the aqueous base without forming a ring or droplets on the surface.
Bath products
In bath oils that disperse on opening, bath milks and bath bombs, it disperses the oil phase and colorants in bath water. It is also used to reduce the formation of a color and oil ring at the edge of the tub. In this area, polysorbate 80 is preferred over polysorbate 20 with heavier carrier oils.
Oral care products
In mouthwash, mouth spray and toothpaste-like products, it solubilizes mint and other flavor oils. In alcohol-free mouthwashes in particular, a solubilizer is needed to keep the flavor clear. For these products, the cosmetic or medicinal product legislation of the target country must also be checked.
Pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals
In liquid medicines and oil-soluble vitamin preparations it is used as a solubilizer, and in soft gelatin capsules as a wetting agent and emulsifier. In parenteral and biopharmaceutical products it reduces the degradation of proteins at interfaces. In these areas, a pharmacopoeia-compliant or super refined grade is required.
Laboratory and biotechnology
It is used in immunoassay and wash buffers, in cell lysis and nuclei isolation, in mycobacterial culture media and in membrane protein studies. For this purpose, research-grade products and ready-made dilute solutions are sold.
Agriculture and industrial applications
In agricultural chemicals it takes part as a wetting and spreading agent, and in textile processing and lubricant emulsions as a wetting agent and emulsifier. In these areas, cosmetic or food grade is often not sought; the selection is made according to cost and emulsion stability.
Food
Standard polysorbate 80 is used in food as an emulsifier under the code E 433. However, cosmetic-grade products sold under the name Solubilizer may not have been produced for food application. For food use, a certificate of conformity to the E 433 specification and the permission conditions in the target country are also required.
IS POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER USED IN COSMETIC, FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS?
Cosmetics
Yes. Polysorbate 80 is used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, solubilizer and cleansing surfactant. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) expert panel found polysorbates safe for cosmetics at current use levels.
In the review, use up to about 18 percent in rinse-off products and about 12 percent in leave-on products was reported for polysorbate 80. These figures are quoted from a secondary source and should be verified against the original report.
In intensive clinical skin tests, the irritation risk was found to be very low, and no sensitization or phototoxicity was seen. Still, product-based testing should be done for the eye area and very sensitive skin. Essential oil and perfume themselves can be allergens; polysorbate does not eliminate this risk.
It is an ingredient listed in the European cosmetic ingredient database. One source states that there is no separate restriction for this substance in the annexes of the European cosmetics regulation.
The cosmetic legislation in Türkiye is largely parallel to the European regulation; however, the current text and product-based safety assessment should be verified before use.
Because it is an ethoxylated product, 1,4-dioxane and ethylene oxide residues may form during production. The European Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety has accepted a trace level of 10 ppm or below in the finished cosmetic product as safe. It is important to request these values in the raw material’s COA.
Food
Standard polysorbate 80 is used in food as E 433. In its 2015 opinion, the European Food Safety Authority set an acceptable daily intake of 25 mg/kg body weight/day for the E 432–436 group. In the USA, use is limited by 21 CFR 172.840.
A cosmetic-grade product sold under the name Solubilizer should not be used in food. One supplier clearly states that the product is not of food grade and is intended for external use. For a food purpose, a product with documented conformity to the E 433 specification should be requested.
Use in food is as a direct additive. In applications such as solubilizing flavor oil too, the food category, permitted level and label declaration should be checked according to the target country’s legislation. The current E 433 text in Turkish food legislation has not been verified first-hand in this work.
Pharmaceuticals
Polysorbate 80 is used in pharmaceuticals as an excipient: a solubilizer, emulsifier, wetting agent and protein stabilizer. It takes part in oral, topical and parenteral products; it is also found in some vaccines and biological medicines.
Pharmaceutical use is made with a product conforming to American, European and Japanese pharmacopoeia monographs. In parenteral products or products containing a sensitive active substance, super refined grades with low moisture and low peroxide are preferred. For topical products, a use level of 0.5–5 percent is mentioned for the super refined grade.
Very rarely seen anaphylactoid reactions have been associated with some injected products. This situation cannot be regarded as directly equivalent to external use at cosmetic levels. In pharmaceutical applications, the safety assessment is made product by product.
Being usable in cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical fields does not mean that every grade can be used in every field. For each use, the grade, documents and legislative conditions should be verified separately.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER
The use of Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer rests on the water-loving nature of the polyethylene oxide chains and the oil-loving nature of the oleic acid tail. The headings below describe the function of the product, the reasons it is preferred and its limits, application by application. Cosmetics, home care and bath products are put first.
Room and linen sprays
Perfume oil does not dissolve in water and rises to the surface in a water-based spray. Polysorbate 80 takes the perfume into the micelles and disperses it in water, making it possible to obtain a clear or slightly opalescent spray at a suitable ratio. In sources, the polysorbate-to-perfume ratio is mostly given between one-to-one and ten, typically between three and six.
The reasons for preference are low cost and wide perfume compatibility. The limitation is that the desired clarity cannot be obtained with some perfumes and the product stays slightly hazy. Alternatives are polysorbate 20, hydrogenated castor oil ethoxylates and ready-made solubilizer blends.
Toners, face sprays and body sprays
In aqueous products with a low oil content, it solubilizes essential oils and botanical actives. As the oil proportion rises, the required amount of polysorbate increases rapidly; for a clear toner containing 3–5 percent oil, a high solubilizer level is needed and the skin feel may be sticky.
For this reason, the oil proportion is kept low in clear and light products. Polysorbate 20 is preferred for light essential oils, and polysorbate 80 for heavier or less polar oils. Alternatives are components that are themselves oils, such as bisabolol, and glycol co-solvents.
Shampoos, shower gels and cleansing products
It keeps perfume and small amounts of oil clear; as a mild co-surfactant, it contributes to the foam structure in rinse-off products. Because it is nonionic, it is compatible with anionic cleansing systems.
The limitation is that a very high level can change the viscosity and the foam behavior. Alternatives are polysorbate 20, alkyl glycosides and hydrogenated castor oil ethoxylates.
Bath oils and bath milks
In bath oils that disperse on opening, it disperses the carrier oil and perfume in the bath water. The oil and polysorbate may separate into two phases in the bottle together; the product is shaken in use and added to the water. In sources, blends containing polysorbate 80 at about one quarter of the oil phase are given as examples.
The reason for preference is that the oil gives a milky-looking dispersion instead of a thin layer on the water. The limitations are slipperiness of the tub and floor, and perfume allergens. Alternatives are blends with polysorbate 20 and hydrogenated castor oil ethoxylates.
Bath bombs and bath salts
When the oil phase and mica colorants are premixed with polysorbate 80, they disperse physically in water; the formation of a color and oil ring at the edge of the tub is reduced. In supplier information, a level of about 1–6 percent is mentioned for a bath bomb and about 1–2 percent for preventing tub staining.
Polysorbate can affect the hardening of the bomb. If added in large amounts, the bombs may stay soft and fragile. For this reason it is assessed together with compression, moisture and binders such as clay or starch.
Massage oils and cleansing oils
Polysorbate 80 mixed into the carrier oil makes the oil disperse like milk on contact with water and makes rinsing easier. In one source, a water-dispersible massage oil example consisting of about 24 percent polysorbate 80 and 76 percent almond oil is given.
In this use, skin feel and oxidation are important. To keep the oil from deteriorating, an antioxidant and dark packaging are preferred. Alternatives are blends with polysorbate 20 and castor oil ethoxylates.
Lotion and cream emulsions
It is used as the main emulsifier that disperses the oil phase in water, or as the partner of a lipophilic emulsifier such as sorbitan oleate. The ratio of the two emulsifiers is adjusted to bring the HLB value of the mixture close to the value required by the oil phase. Fatty alcohols such as cetyl alcohol strengthen the emulsion.
On its own it is generally not sufficient for creams with a high oil content; it is used together with emulsifying waxes or other emulsifier systems. When polysorbate is used as a solubilizer, the resulting product is a solution, not an emulsion.
Oral care products
In mouthwashes and mouth sprays, it solubilizes mint and other flavor oils in water. In alcohol-free formulas, the clarity of the flavor depends on the solubilizer. The ratio between flavor and polysorbate is determined by trial.
The limitation is the taste effect at a high level; polysorbate can leave a bitter taste. Alternatives are polysorbate 20, poloxamer 407 and castor oil ethoxylates. The category of the product should also be assessed separately in legislation as a cosmetic or a medicinal product.
Pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical formulations
It takes part as a solubilizer in liquid medicines and oil-soluble vitamin preparations, and as a wetting agent in soft gelatin capsules. In biopharmaceuticals it protects proteins from interfacial stress. In these applications, peroxide, free fatty acids and oxidation products are critical.
Degrading polysorbate can lead to particle formation from free fatty acids. For this reason, super refined grades with low peroxide and low moisture are preferred. Alternatives are polysorbate 20, poloxamer 188 and alkyl saccharides; each is assessed specifically for the product.
Laboratory and biotechnology
Used at around 0.05–0.5 percent in wash buffers, it reduces the sticking of antibodies and proteins to surfaces. It also takes part in cell separation, nuclei isolation and culture medium preparation.
It can be used in the solubilization of membrane proteins; for work needing stronger solubilization, other detergents may be required. Research-grade products are not pharmacopoeia or cell-culture tested; therefore an appropriate grade should be selected.
Agriculture and industrial applications
It acts as a wetting and spreading agent in agricultural chemicals, and as a wetting agent and emulsifier in textiles and lubricant emulsions. In these areas, food or cosmetic grade is mostly not sought; the selection is made according to cost and emulsion stability.
Alternatives are other polysorbates, alcohol ethoxylates and other nonionic surfactants.
THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN USING POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER
Polysorbate 80 is an excipient with low acute toxicity that is widely used in many sectors. Even so, the grade must be chosen correctly, it must be used at the right ratio and it must be protected from oxidation. The main points to keep in mind during use are as follows:
• The grade must be chosen correctly. The quality and documents required for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food and laboratory are different. A cosmetic-grade product must not be used in food or pharmaceuticals, nor a research-grade product in cosmetics
• A premix with the oil should be made first. After polysorbate and perfume or oil are mixed together and cleared, the mixture should be added slowly to the water. Adding water directly to the polysorbate-oil mixture can lead to gelling or turbidity
• The ratio must be determined by trial. The required amount of polysorbate varies with the type of perfume or oil; ratios from one-to-one to ten are seen in sources, and some oils require a higher ratio
• Clarity expectations must be realistic. Polysorbate 80 can give a hazier appearance than polysorbate 20. Apolar oils, for example coconut oil, may not become clear even at a high ratio
• The oil amount should be kept low. As the proportion of oil being solubilized rises, the required amount of polysorbate rises; this can adversely affect cost, sticky skin feel and foam behavior
• Temperature and storage conditions must be tested. Turbidity or separation can be seen in solutions kept around 40 °C for a long time; the product should be tested for stability at 4 °C, room temperature and high temperature
• A preservative system is necessary. Polysorbates are not preservatives. Some phenolic preservatives such as parabens may bind to polysorbate micelles and reduce their microbiological activity; a preservative efficacy test should be done
• The peroxide value must be checked. Aged or light-exposed product may contain peroxides and aldehydes; these adversely affect odor and the stability of sensitive components
• It must be protected from light and oxygen. The package should be closed tightly after each use; dark-colored glass or high-density polyethylene packaging should be preferred
• Order must be observed for carbomer and similar polymers. When used with gelling polymers, the polymer may need to be neutralized before the polysorbate premix is added; compatibility should be tested
• A slipperiness warning must be given for bath products. Bath products containing oil and polysorbate can make the tub and floor slippery; this should be stated in the usage instructions
• Perfume and essential oil allergens must be assessed. Polysorbate does not remove the allergen potential of these substances; the product’s safety assessment and label declarations must be made separately
• Ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane residues should be asked about. Because it is an ethoxylated product, these values should be requested in the COA or supplier declaration
• Legislation must be verified. Cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical legislation differs in Türkiye, the EU and the USA. Current texts should be checked before use
• Protective equipment should be used. The product is not classified as hazardous in most documents, but protective goggles and gloves are recommended in case of contact with eyes and skin
This information is for general informational purposes and does not replace product-specific SDS and TDS documents.
STARTING FORMULATION APPROACHES FOR POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER
The examples below are starting approaches prepared to show how polysorbate 80 can be evaluated as a solubilizer in room spray, bath and personal care formulations. They are not verified commercial recipes, production instructions or final formulas compliant with legislation.
The ratios given are example starting levels for preliminary laboratory trials, and each formula adds up to 100%. Each component must be of a grade suitable for the relevant application, and the product’s conformity to the legislation of the target country must be verified.
The grade of the product used, the structure of the perfume or oil, pH and temperature change the result. In every application, technical assessment, product safety and relevant legislative checks must be carried out; the ratios should be reviewed by experts.
EXAMPLE 1: EVALUATION OF SOLUBILIZING PERFUME OIL WITH POLYSORBATE 80 IN A ROOM AND LINEN SPRAY
Purpose: To examine the effect of the polysorbate 80 level on clarity, surface oil ring and storage stability in solubilizing perfume oil in a water-based room and linen spray.
Starting approach:
Perfume oil: about 1.0%
Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer: about 5.0%
Preservative system: about 0.8%
Demineralized water: about 93.2%
Application approach:
• Perfume oil and polysorbate 80 are weighed in a clean container; they are stirred until the mixture is homogeneous and clear, gently heated if necessary.
• The preservative system is prepared in demineralized water; the perfume-polysorbate mixture is added slowly to this water with stirring and without forming foam.
• The mixture is left to rest for at least 24 hours; the surface is checked for an oil ring, turbidity or precipitate.
• The polysorbate 80 level is varied stepwise to about 3, 5 and 8 times the amount of perfume; the lowest clear ratio is sought, and some perfumes may require a higher ratio.
• Clarity, oil formation on the surface, odor intensity, spray pattern and stability at 4, 25 and 40 °C are monitored.
• Whether it leaves a stain on fabric is tested in an invisible area.
• Perfume allergens, label declarations and the preservative efficacy test are assessed separately; the usage instructions state that the spray must not be sprayed directly into the eyes or respiratory tract.
EXAMPLE 2: EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE POLYSORBATE 80 LEVEL ON CARRIER OIL DISPERSION IN A WATER-DISPERSIBLE BATH OIL
Purpose: To examine the effect of the polysorbate 80 level in a carrier-oil-based bath oil on the dispersion rate in bath water, milky appearance, oil layer on the surface and tub ring.
Starting approach:
Sweet almond oil or similar carrier oil: about 72.0%
Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer: about 24.0%
Perfume or essential oil: about 3.0%
Tocopherol (vitamin E): about 1.0%
Application approach:
• The carrier oil, perfume and tocopherol are mixed; polysorbate 80 is added and stirred until homogeneous.
• The mixture is put into a dark-colored bottle; if it separates into two phases during standing, it is shaken before use.
• A fixed amount of product is added to water at about 37–40 °C; the dispersion rate, milky appearance and oil layer on the surface are observed.
• The polysorbate 80 level is varied stepwise between about 15%, 20%, 24% and 28%; the oil proportion is kept constant.
• Tub ring, skin feel, ease of rinsing, and separation and odor change during storage at 4, 25 and 40 °C are monitored.
• In this composition, a high oil and surfactant ratio can make the tub and floor slippery; the slipping risk is stated in the usage instructions.
• Perfume allergens, skin testing and label requirements are assessed separately; the oxidation of the oil is monitored throughout the shelf life.
EXAMPLE 3: EVALUATION OF REDUCING OIL AND COLOR SEPARATION IN A BATH BOMB WITH POLYSORBATE 80
Purpose: To examine the effect of the polysorbate 80 level in a bath bomb on color and oil ring formation in the tub, fizzing behavior and the hardness of the bomb.
Starting approach:
Sodium bicarbonate: about 48.0%
Citric acid: about 24.0%
Corn starch: about 12.0%
Magnesium sulfate: about 4.5%
Carrier oil: about 6.0%
Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer: about 3.0%
Perfume: about 1.5%
Mica-based colorant: about 1.0%
Application approach:
• The carrier oil, perfume and polysorbate 80 are mixed; the mica colorant is dispersed in this mixture so that no lumps remain.
• The dry components are homogenized in a separate container; the oil-polysorbate mixture is added to the dry mixture slowly and without forming lumps.
• The moisture level of the mixture is kept very low; if necessary, a very small amount of alcohol or water is sprayed and the added amount is recorded.
• The mixture is filled firmly into the mold and left to dry.
• The polysorbate 80 level is varied stepwise between about 1% and 6%; the ratio is kept around about half of the carrier oil.
• Color and oil ring in the tub, fizzing time, hardness of the bomb, fragility and moisture uptake during storage are monitored.
• If there is too much polysorbate, the bombs may stay soft and fragile; the lowest effective level is sought.
• Powder components can irritate the eyes and respiratory tract; eye and hand protection and dust control must be provided during work.
SIMILAR PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES TO POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER
An alternative to Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer does not simply mean choosing another solubilizer. In determining an alternative, the type of perfume or oil, the desired clarity, the HLB value, the effect on odor and color, legislation, label declaration and cost must be assessed together.
POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER AND POLYSORBATE 20
Polysorbate 20 is a lauric acid ester with an HLB value of about 16.7. Compared with polysorbate 80, it dissolves more easily in water and glycerin, is lighter in color and lighter in build. It is often preferred in light essential oils, toners, face sprays and clear body sprays.
Polysorbate 80, with its oleic acid chain, gives good results with heavier and less polar oils, in bath products and in more oily systems. In sources, polysorbate-to-oil ratios of three to six for polysorbate 20 and four to ten for polysorbate 80 are mentioned.
These figures come from supplier and blog sources; a trial is needed before changing.
POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER AND HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL ETHOXYLATES
Products such as PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil are often chosen to solubilize perfumes and oils in water in a clear form. A seller source highlights this product in perfumed products where a clear result is targeted and states that it has a low odor.
These products are also ethoxylated; therefore they raise similar questions about ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane residues. The fatty acid chain of polysorbate 80 is oleic acid, whereas that of hydrogenated castor oil ethoxylates consists of hydroxystearic acid derivatives coming from castor oil; this difference can create changes in compatibility, odor and skin feel.
POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER AND READY-MADE SOLUBILIZER BLENDS
There are commercial blends on the market prepared to solubilize perfumes and essential oils. A seller states that these blends require two to five parts per part of perfume, while blends of polysorbate 20 and 80 may require more than four to ten parts.
The same seller claims that the blends are colorless and odorless and remain stable at 40 °C and 4 °C. These are claims by the seller that highlight its own product; no independent comparison data exists. The cost is mostly higher, so a trial should be made with your own perfume.
POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER AND POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS AND ALKYL GLYCOSIDES
Manufacturers looking for a naturally derived or PEG-free solubilizer evaluate polyglycerol esters and alkyl glycosides. These substances give different HLB values, foam behavior and skin feel.
They generally do not clarify as wide a range of perfumes at the same ratio as polysorbate; therefore ratio and combination trials are needed. They may offer an advantage in terms of legislation and certification, but this must be verified for each product.
POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER AND POLOXAMER 407
Poloxamer 407 is a nonionic block copolymer used to solubilize flavors in oral care products. It may show a different taste and foam behavior compared with polysorbates.
Its flavor loading may be lower than that of polysorbate 80. A separate trial is needed for each flavor, and the legislative conditions must be checked according to the product category.
POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER AND SORBITAN MONOOLEATE
Sorbitan monooleate, that is Span 80, is not an alternative to polysorbate 80 but its partner. This oil-soluble emulsifier, with an HLB value of about 4.3, when mixed with polysorbate 80 makes it possible to reach an HLB value between 4.3 and 15. This pair is a common emulsifier system in creams and lotions.
Span 80 is not used alone for solubilization, because it does not dissolve in water. A hydrophilic character is required for the solubilizing function of polysorbate 80.
POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER AND CO-SOLVENTS
Co-solvents such as propanediol, butylene glycol and ethanol are not solubilizers, but they can make the perfume mix with polysorbate more easily and reduce the required polysorbate ratio. One source states that adding propanediol in an equal ratio to the perfume reduced the required solubilizer ratio.
Glycols do not act to hold oil in water as an emulsion or in micelles. Co-solvents should be assessed together with polysorbate, not in place of it. Ethanol should be considered separately because of fire risk and legislation.
It should not be assumed that all alternatives will replace one another in every application. The selection should be made by trial, assessing perfume or oil, target clarity, temperature, pH, cost and document requirements together.
QUALITY CONTROL AND PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER
The main parameters that can be assessed in the quality control and purchasing process:
• Grade and monograph: Cosmetic, pharmaceutical (USP/NF, Ph. Eur., JP), super refined, food (E 433) or research grade must be clearly stated
• Appearance and color: It should be a clear liquid ranging from yellow to amber. A color difference between batches can cause problems in light-colored products
• Oleic acid content: In monographs, at least 58 percent of the fatty acids is limited to oleic acid
• Acid value: Shows the aging and hydrolysis of the product; at most about 2 mg KOH/g in monographs
• Saponification and hydroxyl value: Saponification value 45–55, hydroxyl value 65–80 mg KOH/g in most specifications
• Water content: At most 3 percent in monographs in most cases; lower limits may be requested in sensitive applications
• Peroxide value: Shows the level of oxidation. A low value is preferred for the stability of perfumes, vitamins and sensitive active substances
• Ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane: Production residues. In cosmetic use, limits such as 10 ppm for 1,4-dioxane are mentioned; values must be verified with a COA
• Heavy metals: General limit at most 10 ppm; below 20 ppm is stated in some documents
• Viscosity and density: Ranges of 300–500 mm²/s at 25 °C and about 1.06–1.10 g/cm³ are seen
• pH: It should not be assessed without the concentration and temperature being stated
• Solubility and clarity trial: The clarity of a solution prepared at the determined ratio with the perfume or oil to be used must be verified by a pilot trial before production
• Fatty acid source: Oleic acid of plant or animal origin may be used. Documents should be requested for a halal, vegan or palm-sourced product declaration
• Documents: SDS, TDS, batch-based COA; for cosmetics, quality and safety declarations that will contribute to the product information file
• Packaging and batch information: Batch number, production date, shelf life, package type and closure compatibility
Manufacturers’ typical values should be distinguished from binding product specifications. Many cosmetic supplier pages give only general statements; a TDS or COA containing numerical limits should be requested.
STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER
Polysorbate 80 should be stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place in its closed original packaging. One supplier source recommends storage between 10 and 30 °C; another European supplier states storage below 30 °C, dark and dry.
When the temperature exceeds about 40 °C, oxidation and hydrolysis may accelerate. In the cold, the consistency of the product increases and its flow slows; bringing it to room temperature or gently heating it before use makes the work easier, but long-term high temperature should be avoided.
Light, especially ultraviolet and long-term fluorescent light, accelerates peroxide formation. Dark-colored glass and high-density polyethylene packaging are preferred. The product is mostly transported in these packages and in drums.
Because metal ions can accelerate oxidation, long contact with reactive metals should be avoided. The cap should be closed tightly after each use, and as the product decreases it should be transferred to a smaller package to reduce the air space inside.
Incompatible substances are strong oxidizers, strong bases and heavy metal salts. It should be stored separately from food, feed and odorous substances.
Shelf life varies with the supplier and the grade. Small-scale cosmetic suppliers mostly foresee one year; for a research-grade product, about four years after manufacturer quality approval is given as the retest date. Therefore the product’s own label and COA information should be taken as the basis.
Color darkening, turbidity or an old-oil odor may be signs of deterioration. Use should be avoided without checking the acid and peroxide values of such a product.
Transport: In the safety data sheets examined, polysorbate 80 is not classified as a dangerous good in road, sea and air legislation and has no assigned UN number. However, this may depend on the product form, mixture and current legislation; the supplier’s current SDS should be checked before shipment.
SAFETY INFORMATION ON POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER
Polysorbate 80 is a substance with low acute toxicity that is not classified as hazardous in most safety data sheets. Even so, classification may vary by supplier, and the product-specific current SDS should be taken as the basis.
Main safety topics:
• Classification: In most SDS there is no classification under CLP. The current SDS of a European supplier classifies it as chronic aquatic hazard category 3 (H412); a seller page also contains a serious eye damage statement. This difference between documents should be checked
• Acute toxicity: Oral LD50 values in rats are between 20,000 and 42,200 mg/kg according to documents; one document gives above 5,000 mg/kg. This shows very low acute toxicity
• Skin: Not irritating in rabbit tests. No sensitization has been seen in human patch tests. Still, product-based testing is recommended on sensitive skin
• Eye: Not irritating in most documents; nevertheless, in case of contact it should be rinsed with plenty of water. Protective goggles should be used
• Respiratory: No significant vapor pressure under normal conditions. Vapor and mist formed during heating or spraying should not be inhaled
• Ingestion: Swallowing large amounts may cause gastrointestinal discomfort. Vomiting should not be induced, the mouth should be rinsed and water given, and medical help obtained if necessary
• Injection-related reactions: Very rare anaphylactoid reactions have been reported in parenteral medicines. It should not be regarded as directly equivalent to external use at cosmetic levels
• Residues: 1,4-dioxane, which may form during production, is classified as carcinogen category 1B. In the assessment of cosmetic safety committees, 10 ppm and below in the finished product is accepted as safe
• Fire: The flash point is high. Water spray, carbon dioxide, dry chemical or foam can be used for extinguishing. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide form during burning
• Spills: Creates slipperiness. It should be collected with absorbent material, the floor cleaned, and the product must not be allowed to reach waterways and sewers
• Environment: The 96-hour LC50 value is given as about 471 mg/L in fish and 165 mg/L in an invertebrate. In biodegradation tests, about 64 percent degradation in 29 days and 100 percent in 100 days has been reported. There are differences between documents
• Personal protective equipment: Protective goggles, chemical-resistant gloves and work clothing should be used. Suitable respiratory protection is needed in environments where vapor or mist forms
• Storage and waste: It should be stored in closed packaging, protected from light; waste should be disposed of according to local legislation
• Exposure limit: No occupational exposure limit is stated in the safety data sheets examined
This section is intended as general information for the general reader and does not replace the product-specific official SDS.
WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN BUYING POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER?
To choose the right product, the product identity must first be clearly determined. Because the word “Solubilizer” describes a function, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, castor oil ethoxylates and ready-made blends can be listed under the same heading. A request that says only “solubilizer” is insufficient.
In the request, the name Polysorbate 80 or Polisorbat 80, CAS No 9005-65-6 and EC No 500-019-9 should be written together. For food or pharmaceuticals, E 433 or the target monograph should also be stated. Because additional wording in the product name may indicate a different grade or a blend, the full product name should be written.
The main points to assess when buying:
• Grade: The requirement for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, super refined, food or research grade must be clearly stated. A cosmetic-grade product must not be used in food and pharmaceuticals
• Specification: A TDS or COA with numerical limits should be requested. Product pages containing only general statements are not sufficient for technical comparison
• Peroxide and impurity profile: The peroxide value, acid value, water and the limits for ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane should be asked about. For sensitive applications, a super refined grade should be considered
• Color and odor: In light-colored and clear products, a color difference between batches can cause problems. A clarity trial should be made with a sample in your own perfume or oil
• Fatty acid source: Oleic acid of plant or animal origin should be asked about for halal, vegan and palm-sourced product declarations
• Legislation: It must be verified that the product is permitted in the sector, category and country where it will be used. For cosmetics, a product safety assessment is required, and for food and pharmaceuticals, separate conditions are sought
• Packaging and logistics: Boxes and jerrycans for small cosmetic production, and drum or IBC options for large production should be assessed. A closed package that protects from light should be preferred
• Batch consistency: The COA values, color and viscosity of consecutive batches should be compared
• Shelf life: The production date and the remaining shelf life should be asked about. In small-scale supply, short shelf lives such as one year may be given
• Documents: SDS, TDS, COA, quality and safety declarations, and REACH and KKDİK status should be requested
• Technical support: Whether the supplier can provide support on perfume solubilization, ratio selection and clarity problems should be assessed
• Total cost of supply: Besides the unit price, the required polysorbate ratio, packaging, storage, retest and quality control costs should be calculated together
In making a price comparison, one should not look only at the price per kilogram; grade, peroxide level, document level and supply security should be assessed together. As the amount of oil to be solubilized increases, the required amount of polysorbate also increases; therefore the cost per formula should be calculated separately.
SUPPLY OF POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER FROM ATAMAN KİMYA
Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer is a multi-purpose product assessed as a cosmetic solubilizer, emulsifier, pharmaceutical excipient, laboratory surfactant and industrial wetting agent.
On the ATAMAN KİMYA website, it appears under the names polisorbat 80, Polysorbate 80, Polysorbate 80 E433, Tween 80 and Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
The existing product pages are general product introductions. The pages do not contain product-specific details such as grade, pharmacopoeia conformity, peroxide level, packaging, stock or document information.
Because the Tween 80 page also contains properties of a ready-made dilute solution, it should be clearly stated whether the requested product is the neat product or a dilute solution.
There is also a page under the name Kolliphor PS 80; this name is a brand name of BASF, and a request for a branded product should be confirmed separately.
For this reason, it is important that companies looking for polysorbate 80 for cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical or sensitive biopharmaceutical applications clearly confirm with ATAMAN KİMYA, before ordering, the grade of the product and the documents with which it is supplied.
Companies that want information about the supply of polysorbate 80 from ATAMAN KİMYA can request information on product suitability, current supply status, packaging options and a price quotation by sharing their areas of use and technical needs.
The current stock status of the product, its origin, grade, cosmetic, food or pharmacopoeia conformity declaration, peroxide and other analysis values, packaging, and the legislative conditions for the intended use should be confirmed with ATAMAN KİMYA before ordering.
Sharing the following information in a quotation request makes it easier to assess the right polysorbate 80 product:
• Sector of use and final application, for example room spray, bath product, shampoo or oral care product
• Cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical, laboratory or technical grade requirement; E 433 for food, the target monograph for pharmaceuticals
• Target product category and the country of use
• Type and approximate ratio of the perfume or oil to be solubilized
• Required limits for peroxide value, acid value, water and ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane
• Super refined or standard grade preference
• Special requirements such as fatty acid source, halal or vegan
• Estimated order quantity
• Required package type and size
• Requested technical documents: SDS, TDS, COA, monograph conformity and safety documents
• If available, the TDS or COA information of the current product
For ATAMAN KİMYA contact details, the contact page on the company’s website can be used.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER
What is Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer?
Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer is the trade name of polysorbate 80, defined as polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate, offered with its solubilizing function. It is a nonionic surfactant that disperses essential oils, perfumes and oil-soluble substances in water.
What does Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer mean?
Polysorbate expresses polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, 80 expresses that the fatty acid is oleic acid, and Solubilizer expresses the solubilizing function. Chemically it shares the same CAS number as standard polysorbate 80; the difference is in grade, documents and presentation.
What is the CAS number of Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer?
The CAS number is 9005-65-6. Different numbers are used, such as 9005-64-5 for polysorbate 20 and 9005-67-8 for polysorbate 60; therefore the number should be verified in the request.
What is the EC / EINECS number of Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer?
The EC number is 500-019-9. This number is used for polysorbate 80 in safety data sheets. The number 100.105.529 seen on some pages is the ECHA InfoCard ID.
What is the chemical formula of Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer?
Its typical representation is C₆₄H₁₂₄O₂₆ and its molecular weight is about 1310 g/mol. Because the commercial product is a mixture, these values are averages. The formula C₂₄H₄₄O₆ belongs to non-ethoxylated sorbitan monooleate.
What is the HLB value of Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer and what does it mean?
The HLB value is about 15. This value shows that the water-loving side of the molecule is dominant and that it is suitable for systems in which oil is dispersed in water and for solubilization with micelles.
What is the INCI name of Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer?
The INCI name is Polysorbate 80. The existence of an INCI name does not mean the product can be used without limit in every cosmetic product; a product safety assessment is required.
Is Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer used in cosmetics?
Yes. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifier in toners, sprays, shampoos, shower gels, bath products and lotions. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel found polysorbates safe at current use levels.
Does Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer have an E code?
Yes. In food, standard polysorbate 80 is identified by the code E 433 and, in the Codex system, INS 433. Whether a cosmetic-grade product sold under the name Solubilizer meets the food specification must be verified separately.
What is the difference between Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer and polysorbate 20?
Polysorbate 20 contains lauric acid, polysorbate 80 contains oleic acid. Polysorbate 20 is more hydrophilic, lighter in color and gives a clearer result with light oils; polysorbate 80 is compatible with heavier oils and may look hazier.
What is Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer used for?
It is preferred for solubilizing perfume, essential oil and oil-soluble substances in water, dispersing the oil phase in bath water, acting as a co-emulsifier in emulsions, and being used as a surfactant in pharmaceuticals and the laboratory.
In which sectors is Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer used?
It is used in cosmetics and personal care, home fragrance and cleaning, bath products, oral care, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology, the laboratory, agriculture and some industrial applications. For food use, E 433 conformity is required.
How does Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer perform its solubilizing function?
Above a certain concentration in water, it forms micelles. Oil molecules are taken into the oleic acid core, and the hydrated polyethylene oxide shell keeps the solution in balance in water. The required ratio is determined by trial according to the type of oil.
What is Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer good for?
It prevents the oil from separating from water, disperses perfume in an aqueous product, spreads bath oil in water like milk, lowers surface tension, and protects proteins from interfacial stress in pharmaceuticals and the laboratory.
How does Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer work in a room spray?
The perfume oil is premixed with polysorbate and added slowly to the water. The perfume is taken into the micelle and disperses in the spray without rising to the surface. The solution may be clear or slightly opalescent.
Is Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer soluble in water?
Yes. It is soluble in water, ethanol and methanol. Practically insoluble in fixed oils and liquid paraffin. Its aqueous solution may be clear or slightly opalescent.
How much Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer is used when solubilizing perfume?
In sources, the polysorbate-to-perfume ratio varies from one-to-one to ten; four to six is mostly mentioned. The required amount depends on the type of perfume and is determined by trial.
Is Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer a hazardous substance?
In most safety data sheets it is not classified as hazardous, and its acute toxicity is very low. One supplier document gives chronic aquatic hazard category 3. Eye and skin protection is recommended; the product-specific SDS should be taken as the basis.
Why can Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer degrade or form peroxides?
The double bond of oleic acid and the polyethylene oxide chains can be oxidized by light, heat, oxygen and trace metals. The ester bond is hydrolyzed by moisture, strong acid or base and enzymes. For this reason the peroxide and acid values are monitored.
Is Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer registered under REACH?
Its registration status has not been verified first-hand from the ECHA database in this work. Some of the safety data sheets examined do not give a registration number. REACH and KKDİK status should be requested from the supplier.
What is the physical appearance of Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer?
It is a clear or slightly opalescent, oily and viscous liquid ranging from yellow to amber. Its odor is very faint or absent. Its density is about 1.06–1.10 g/cm³.
What is the UN number of Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer?
In the safety data sheets examined it has no UN number, as it is not classified in dangerous goods transport legislation. The supplier’s current SDS should be checked before shipment.
Why are peroxide, ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane important in Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer?
Peroxides disturb the stability of perfumes and sensitive components. Ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane are ethoxylation residues and are kept at low limits. The values should be verified with a COA.
What does the price of Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer depend on?
The price varies with the grade, peroxide level, whether it is super refined, the fatty acid source, packaging, order quantity, origin, certification and logistics conditions. Pharmaceutical and super refined grades increase the cost.
Does Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer have an alternative?
Yes. Polysorbate 20, hydrogenated castor oil ethoxylates, ready-made solubilizer blends, polyglycerol esters, alkyl glycosides and poloxamer 407 may be alternatives depending on the application. None is a direct substitute in every system.
How should Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer be stored?
It should be stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place, in its closed original packaging, away from light, heat, moisture, strong oxidizers and bases. One source recommends the 10–30 °C range.
Which documents should be requested when buying Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer?
SDS, TDS and batch-based COA are the basic documents. In addition, a quality and safety declaration, fatty acid source, halal or vegan certificate, and REACH and KKDİK information may be requested.
Which technical specifications are important when buying Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer?
Grade, oleic acid content, acid value, peroxide value, water, ethylene oxide, 1,4-dioxane, heavy metals, viscosity, color, clarity trial, shelf life and packaging are important.
POLYSORBATE 80 SOLUBILIZER – TECHNICAL SUMMARY
Chemical name: Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate; polysorbate 80
Common name: Polysorbate 80 Solubilizer, Polisorbat 80, Polysorbate 80, Tween 80
CAS No: 9005-65-6
EC / EINECS No: 500-019-9
Molecular formula: C₆₄H₁₂₄O₂₆ (typical representation)
Molecular weight: About 1309.68 g/mol
Chemical class: Nonionic, polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid ester; hydrophilic solubilizer and emulsifier
Physical appearance: Clear or slightly opalescent, oily viscous liquid ranging from yellow to amber
Key properties: HLB about 15, density about 1.06–1.10 g/cm³, viscosity 300–500 mm²/s at 25 °C, soluble in water and ethanol, pH about 5–8 in aqueous solution, critical micelle concentration about 0.012 mM
Main functions: Solubilizer, O/W emulsifier, dispersant, wetting agent, stabilizer
Important areas of application: Room and linen sprays, toners and body sprays, shampoo and shower gel, bath oil and bath bomb, oral care products, pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, laboratory buffers
Parameters critical for quality control: Grade, oleic acid content, acid value, saponification and hydroxyl value, water, peroxide value, ethylene oxide, 1,4-dioxane, heavy metals, color and clarity trial
Storage: In a cool, dry and ventilated area, in a closed dark-colored package; away from light, heat, moisture, strong oxidizers and bases
Legislation: Found safe by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel at current use levels; as E 433 in food, the acceptable daily intake in the EU for the E 432–436 group is 25 mg/kg body weight/day; not covered by dangerous goods transport in most SDS; REACH and KKDİK status, Turkish legislation and use permissions must be confirmed with the supplier and from current legislation.
