POTASSIUM CARBONATE

CAS No.: 584-08-7
EC No.: 209-529-3

Synonyms:
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POTASSIUM CARBONATE

Potassium carbonate
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Potassium carbonate
Potassium carbonate.svg
Potassium-carbonate-xtal-3D-SF.png
Potassium carbonate.jpg
Names
IUPAC name
Potassium carbonate
Other names
Carbonate of potash, dipotassium carbonate, sub-carbonate of potash, pearl ash, potash, salt of tartar, salt of wormwood.
Identifiers
CAS Number    
584-08-7 check
6381-79-9 sesquihydrate
3D model (JSmol)    
Interactive image
ChEBI    
CHEBI:131526 ☒
ChemSpider    
10949 check
ECHA InfoCard    100.008.665 Edit this at Wikidata
E number    E501(i) (acidity regulators, ...)
PubChem CID    
11430
RTECS number    
TS7750000
UNII    
BQN1B9B9HA check
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)    
DTXSID2036245 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI[show]
SMILES[show]
Properties
Chemical formula    K
2CO
3
Molar mass    138.205 g/mol
Appearance    White, hygroscopic solid
Density    2.43 g/cm3
Melting point    891 °C (1,636 °F; 1,164 K)
Boiling point    Decomposes
Solubility in water    110.3 g/100 mL (20 °C)
149.2 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility    
3.11 g/100 mL (25 °C) methanol
Insoluble in alcohol, acetone
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)    −59.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet    ICSC 1588
GHS pictograms    GHS07: Harmful
GHS Signal word    Warning
GHS hazard statements    H302, H315, H319, H335
GHS precautionary statements    P261, P305+351+338
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)    
NFPA 704 four-colored diamond
010
Flash point    Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)    1870 mg/kg (oral, rat)[1]
Related compounds
Other anions    Potassium bicarbonate
Other cations    Lithium carbonate
Sodium carbonate
Rubidium carbonate
Caesium carbonate
Related compounds    Ammonium carbonate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Potassium carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2CO3. It is a white salt, which is soluble in water. It is deliquescent, often appearing as a damp or wet solid. Potassium carbonate is mainly used in the production of soap and glass.[2]

Contents
1    History
2    Production
3    Applications
4    References
5    Bibliography
6    External links
History
Potassium carbonate is the primary component of potash and the more refined pearl ash or salts of tartar. Historically, pearl ash was created by baking potash in a kiln to remove impurities. The fine, white powder remaining was the pearl ash. The first patent issued by the US Patent Office was awarded to Samuel Hopkins in 1790 for an improved method of making potash and pearl ash.

In late 18th-century North America, before the development of baking powder, pearl ash was used as a leavening agent for quick breads.[3][4]

Production
Potassium carbonate is prepared commercially by the reaction potassium hydroxide with carbon dioxide:[2]

2 KOH + CO2 → K2CO3 + H2O
From the solution crystallizes the sesquihydrate K2CO3·​3⁄2H2O ("potash hydrate"). Heating this solid above 200 °C gives the anhydrous salt. In an alternative method, potassium chloride is treated with carbon dioxide in the presence of an organic amine to give potassium bicarbonate, which is then calcined:

2 KHCO3 → K2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Applications
(historically) for soap, glass, and china production
as a mild drying agent where other drying agents, such as calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate, may be incompatible. It is not suitable for acidic compounds, but can be useful for drying an organic phase if one has a small amount of acidic impurity. It may also be used to dry some ketones, alcohols, and amines prior to distillation.[5]
in cuisine, where it has many traditional uses. It is an ingredient in the production of grass jelly, a food consumed in Chinese and Southeast Asian cuisines, as well as Chinese hand-pulled noodles and moon cake. It is also used to tenderize tripe. German gingerbread recipes often use potassium carbonate as a baking agent, although in combination with hartshorn. Use of potassium carbonate must be limited to a certain amount to prevent harm, and should not be used without guidance.
in the alkalization of cocoa powder to produce Dutch process chocolate by balancing the pH (i.e., reduce the acidity) of natural cocoa beans; it also enhances aroma. The process of adding potassium carbonate to cocoa powder is usually called "Dutching" (and the products referred to as Dutch-processed cocoa powder), as the process was first developed in 1828 by Dutchman Coenraad Johannes van Houten.
as a buffering agent in the production of mead or wine.
in antique documents, it is reported to have been used to soften hard water.[6]
as a fire suppressant in extinguishing deep-fat fryers and various other B class-related fires.
in condensed aerosol fire suppression, although as the byproduct of potassium nitrate.
as an ingredient in welding fluxes, and in the flux coating on arc-welding rods.
as an animal feed ingredient to satisfy the potassium requirements of farmed animals such as broiler breeders.
as an acidity regulator in Swedish snus

Potassium Carbonate was believed to prevent the possibility of making alkali on a question similar to carbonate as soap during the ancient Egyptians. Potassium carbonate is K2CO3 and its chemical formula is a ph regulator. Along with the basic causes of cancer disease with the deterioration of PH balance in the human body. In other words, the most important ingredient in the alkaline effect on our body is potassium carbonate. Potassium carbonate is a soft, silvery and white alkali metal substance. It is generally seen due to sea water and many minerals. The potassium carbonate in question oxidizes rapidly in the air and is effective against water. It is known that potassium carbonate is a very important element for the growth of plants. Because, learn about the potassium substance plant soil type and fertilization structure. Potassium carbonate becomes soluble in water and is also used in bottled Cure buy. Potassium carbonate mineral is not soluble in alcohol. Since it has a crystal structure in general, it is known and exists as a calcinite mineral. Experts state that the PH ratio should be alkaline.

Potassium carbonate material is soft enough to be cut with a knife. Freshly cut potassium carbonate material turns out to be matte, where it combines with bright air. Potassium carbonate mineral should be stored in airless environments to reduce corrosion from metal oxide and hydroxide material formation. For this reason, potassium carbonate samples are generally stored in kerosene-like and reducing environments. When potassium carbonate mineral comes into contact with water like other alkali metals, it now causes hydrogen gas formation. When potassium carbonate waters are combined, it indicates that there is more violence than the lithium and sodium water reaction. Whereas, this reaction emerges and emerges.

Potassium is a compound that is used in our lives and carries great transport. This compound is used mostly in the industrial sector, glass industry, food industry, pharmaceutical industry and many other areas. This is why we understand the importance of this compound in our lives. Potassium carbonate ranks 7th among the most abundant elements in nature. What we need is an element that can be facilitated in this way. Potassium carbonate is widely used in fertilizer production. This causes this compound to be stored in plants through the soil. Humans, on the other hand, make this compound from plants as a healthiest way to their bodies. Of course, the human body also needs this compound. Potassium carbonate is white in color. It has a bright structure with its crystal structure. This is a comparable compound from other compounds.

Potassium carbonate is a substance that oxidizes very rapidly in air. Therefore, the storage conditions should be well adjusted. Contact with air should be cut off when not in use. This substance can react in the same way as water. This needs great attention. It makes it easier to need more in nature. It becomes ready to be obtained from rocks. Living beings insufficient potassium carbonate is very important. So much so that in the deficiency of this compound, which is an essential mineral for humanity, people complete this deficiency with plants. This mineral is essential for cells to survive. Heart functions are impaired in humans and animals.

Usage areas

Write in industrial products, glass surfaces, ceramics, explosive responders, fertilizers and glazing industries, personal care products, soft soap production, food industry, production of inorganic salts, chemical dyes and wool finishing business uses.
In addition, potassium carbonate, which is used in the alkalization of cocoa powder and as a leavening agent with sodium aluminum phosphate, causes the formation of a soap-like taste when added intensively. Adding potassium carbonate to the soap into the liquid helps to increase the hydrolysis entry and washing effect.
In addition, to ensure the liquid amount limit and gelation of potassium carbonate liquid soap.
Potassium carbonate, which is used in many fields from television tube to photography, is a compound that is easy to process and use. Potassium carbonate does not show a few properties and is used quite a lot in these fire extinguishers.

6.2.1 Potassium Carbonate
Potash, as potassium carbonate is referred to in the industry, is the name derived from the methods originally used for recovery of this potassium salt from wood ashes. About 1 tonne of crude potassium carbonate was recovered from the water leachate of the ash generated from the burning of some 400 tonnes (more than 200 cords) of hardwood [22]. Perhaps because of the availability of a large wood supply, Canada was the world’s largest potash exporter during much of the first half of the 19th century.

At this time, purified potassium carbonate was primarily of value as an ingredient in glass making. The discovery of mineral potassium chloride at Stassfurt, Germany, in 1852, rapidly provided competition to the wood ash leachate industry since this mineral could be readily converted to potassium carbonate by the Leblanc process, which was already in commercial scale operation (see Chap. 7). The mineral potash is also more specifically referred to as “muriate of potash” (muriatic acid = hydrochloric acid) for potassium chloride, and “sulfate of potash” for potassium sulfate in reference to these particular salts.

The acid-rich potassium carbonate solution from the bottom of the absorber is flashed to a flash drum, where much of the acid gas is removed. The solution then proceeds to the stripping column, which operates at approximately 245°F and near-atmospheric pressure. The low pressure, combined with a small amount of heat input, drives off the remaining acid gases. The lean potassium carbonate from the stripper is pumped back to the absorber. The lean solution may or may not be cooled slightly before entering the absorber. The heat of reaction from the absorption of the acid gases causes a slight temperature rise in the absorber.

The solution concentration for a potassium carbonate system is limited by the solubility of the potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) in the rich stream. The high temperature of the system increases the solubility of KHCO3, but the reaction with CO2 produces two moles of KHCO3 per mole of K2CO3 reacted. For this reason the KHCO3 in the rich stream limits the lean solution K2CO3 concentration to 20-35% by weight.

The entire system is operated at high temperatures to increase the solubility of potassium carbonate. Therefore, the designer must be careful to avoid dead spots in the system where the solution could cool and precipitate solids. If solids do precipitate, the system may suffer from plugging, erosion, or foaming.

The hot potassium carbonate solutions are extremely corrosive. All carbon steel must be stress-relieved to limit corrosion. A variety of corrosion inhibitors are available to decrease corrosion.