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Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is an organic chemical compound, the potassium salt of sorbic acid and is very soluble in water.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is mainly used as a preservative (E 202) against moulds and yeast in food, wine, personal care products and pharmaceutics and does not affect the taste or smell of the end product.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) occurs as a white crystalline powder with a faint, characteristic odor.
CAS: 24634-61-5
MF: C6H7KO2
MW: 150.22
EINECS: 246-376-1
Synonyms
SORBIC ACID K SALT;potassiumsalt,(e,e)-4-hexadienoicacid;potassiumsalt,(e,e)-sorbicaci;potassiumsorbate(e);(E,E)-hexadienoic acid, potassium salt;2,4-potassium hexadienoic acid;potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate;POTASSIUM SORBATE, GRAN FCC/ USP/NF
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is petitioned for use in organic livestock production as mold inhibitor.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) was first discovered in the Mountain Ash Tree (Sorbus aucuparia or Sorbus americana).
Today most Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is made synthetically.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is a naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acid and is completely safe with regard to health and has the lowest allergenic potential of all food preservatives.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) was also petitioned for use in liquid livestock medications primarily aloe vera juice as a substitute for antibiotics and other various hormones.
The use of chemical food preservatives, except for salts, sugars, spices, vinegar, etc., was not very widespread until the last 200 years.
Progress in the development of food preservatives has not been steady.
With a view to developing more effective, simpler, and less expensive means of food preservation, many chemicals having strong antimicrobial properties were initially utilized for food preservation but were subsequently abandoned when their undesirable physiological and biochemical properties were discovered.
For example, boric acid, salicyclic acid, creosote, and formaldehyde, which were utilized as preservatives in foods during the 19th century, are no longer used.
On the other hand, Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202), benzoic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid esters, and sulfur dioxide have proved very useful in various food preservation applications and their use has been officially permitted in almost all countries of the world.
Sorbates have been reported to be less toxic than benzoate and have been classified as “Generally Recognized as Safe” (GRAS) additives by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is metabolised to mainly to carbon dioxide.
While the minor amounts are converted to trans,trans-muconic acid (ttMA), which is excreted unchanged into the urine.
Urinary ttMA is a biomarker for the occupational and environmental exposure to benzene.
Ability of trans,trans-2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt (Sorbic acid potassium salt, Potassium sorbate) to induce chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and gene mutations in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells has been examined.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is reported to be less genotoxic than the sodium salt analog.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, structural formula CH3CH=CH−CH=CH−CO2K.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is a white salt that is very soluble in water (58.2% at 20 °C).
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is primarily used as a food preservative (E number 202).
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is effective in a variety of applications including food, wine, and personal care products.
While sorbic acid occurs naturally in rowan and hippophae berries, virtually all of the world's supply of Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202), from which potassium sorbate is derived, is manufactured synthetically.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 270 °C
density: 1,361 g/cm3
vapor pressure: <1 Pa (20 °C)
FEMA: 2921 | POTASSIUM SORBATE
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
form: Powder
pka: 4.69[at 20 ℃]
color: White to light cream
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 8 - 11 at 580 g/l at 20 °C
PH: 7.8 (H2O, 20.1℃)
Water Solubility: 58.2 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,7671
BRN: 5357554
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Major Application: cleaning products
cosmetics
food and beverages
personal care
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: FRAGRANCE
PRESERVATIVE
InChI: 1S/C6H8O2.K/c1-2-3-4-5-6(7)8;/h2-5H,1H3,(H,7,8);/q;+1/p-1/b3-2+,5-4+;
InChIKey: CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-STWYSWDKSA-M
LogP: -1.72 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 24634-61-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) (24634-61-5)
Chemically, Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is a straight chain, alpha beta-unsaturated, trans-trans 2,4 hexadienoic monocarboxylic acid (CH3-CH = CH-CH = CH-COOH).
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) has a molecular weight of 112 and a pKa value of 4.75.
At room temperature Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is a white crystalline solid with a melting point range of 132°-137°C.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202)'s solubility in water at 25°C is 0.16% while that of its potassium salt is over 50%.
This higher solubility renders Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) a preferred form of sorbic acid in foods.
In oils, however, sorbic acid is more soluble than the potassium salt.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) was first isolated from oil of unripened rown berries (sorbapple or mountain ash berry) by A. W. Hoffmann in 1859.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) was named after the scientific name of mountain ash {Sorbus aucuparia}, which is the parent plant of rown berry.
The chemical structure of Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) was elucidated during 1870-1890 and it was synthesized in 1900 by Doebner by condensation of crotonalhyde and malonic acid.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, chemical formula C6H7KO2.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202)'s primary use is as a food preservative (E number 202).
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is effective in a variety of applications including food, wine, and personal care products.
Commercial sources are now produced by the condensation of crotonaldehyde and ketene.
Uses
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) and its potassium salt is commonly employed as food preservative in wide range of foodstuffs, such as cheese, pickles, sauces and wines.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is a food grade preservative generally regarded as safe (GRAS) worldwide.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is the inactive salt of sorbic acid.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) readily dissolves in water where it converts to sorbic acid, its active form, at a low pH.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is very pH dependent.
While Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) shows some activity up to pH 6 (about 6%), it is most active at pH 4.4 (70%).
At pH 5.0 Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is 37% active.
As Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202), it is considered to be active against mold, fair against yeast and poor against most bacteria.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is an unsaturated fatty acid and as such is subject to oxidation (use of an antioxidant like Mixed Tocopherols T50 is recommended).
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is also sensitive to UV light and may turn yellow in solution.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is reported to stabilize potassium sorbate against discoloration and darkening in aqueous solutions and may be useful in stabilizing sorbic acid in the water phase of a product.
As mold and yeast inhibitor, like sorbic acid, especially where greater soly in water is desirable.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is used to inhibit molds and yeasts in many foods, such as cheese, wine, yogurt, dried meats, apple cider, soft drinks and fruit drinks, and baked goods.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) can also be found in the ingredients list of many dried fruit products.
In addition, herbal dietary supplement products generally contain Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202), which acts to prevent mold and microbes and to increase shelf life, and is used in quantities at which there are no known adverse health effects, over short periods of time.
Labeling of this preservative on ingredient statements reads as "potassium sorbate" and or "E202".
Also, Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is used in many personal care products to inhibit the development of microorganisms for shelf stability.
Some manufacturers are using this preservative as a replacement for parabens.
Also known as "wine stabilizer", potassium sorbate produces sorbic acid when added to wine.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) serves two purposes.
When active fermentation has ceased and the wine is racked for the final time after clearing, Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) will render any surviving yeast incapable of multiplying.
Yeast living at that moment can continue fermenting any residual sugar into CO2 and alcohol, but when they die no new yeast will be present to cause future fermentation.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is a naturally occurring polyunsaturated fat that has antimicrobial properties.
That means that Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) helps to prevent the growth of molds, yeasts, and fungus.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is found in many food products, especially those which are meant to be stored and eaten at room temperature.
This helps to ward off particles such as mold or fungus that can cause foods to spoil or make people sick. Baked goods, processed fruits and vegetables or dairy products frequently contain this product.
When brewing wine, yeast is used to convert sugar to alcohol.
This process is called fermentation.
When the wine reaches the desired flavour and body, you want to stop the yeast from growing.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is added to inhibit yeast growth.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is used to inhibit molds and yeasts in many foods, such as cheese, wine, yogurt, dried meats, apple cider, dried fruits, soft drinks and fruit drinks, and baked goods.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) can also be found in the ingredients list of many dried fruit products.
In addition, herbal dietary supplement products generally contain Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202), which acts to prevent mold and microbes and to increase shelf life.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is used in quantities at which no adverse health effects are known, over short periods of time.
Labeling of this preservative on ingredient statements reads as "potassium sorbate" or "E202".
Also, Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is used in many personal care products to inhibit the development of microorganisms to increase shelf stability.
Some manufacturers use this preservative as a replacement for parabens.
Also known as "wine stabilizer", potassium sorbate produces sorbic acid when added to wine.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) serves two purposes:
When active fermentation has ceased and the wine is racked for the final time after clearing, potassium sorbate renders any surviving yeast incapable of multiplying.
Yeast living at that moment can continue fermenting any residual sugar into CO2 and alcohol, but when they die, no new yeast will be present to cause future fermentation. When a wine is sweetened before bottling, potassium sorbate is used to prevent refermentation when used in conjunction with potassium metabisulfite.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is primarily used with sweet wines, sparkling wines, and some hard ciders, but may be added to table wines, which may not maintain their clarity after fining.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) also inhibits bacteria, especially Clostridium botulinum.
Tube feeding of potassium sorbate reduces the amount of pathogenic bacteria in the stomach.
Some molds (notably some Trichoderma and Penicillium strains) and yeasts are able to detoxify sorbates by decarboxylation, producing piperylene (1,3-pentadiene).
The pentadiene manifests as a typical odor of kerosene or petroleum.
Pharmaceutical Applications
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is an antimicrobial preservative, with antibacterial and antifungal properties used in pharmaceuticals, foods, enteral preparations, and cosmetics.
Generally, Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is used at concentrations of 0.1–0.2% in oral and topical formulations, especially those containing nonionic surfactants.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) has been used to enhance the ocular bioavailability of timolol.
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is used in approximately twice as many pharmaceutical formulations as is sorbic acid owing to its greater solubility and stability in water.
Like sorbic acid, Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) has minimal antibacterial properties in formulations above pH 6.
Production Methods
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is produced by reacting sorbic acid with an equimolar portion of potassium hydroxide.
The resulting Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) may be crystallized from aqueous ethanol.
Most of the sorbic acid is generally prepared by a process comprising the steps of reacting crotonaldehyde with ketene in the presence of a catalyst (e.g., a fatty acid salt of zinc) to yield a polyester, and hydrolyzing the polyester with an acid or an alkali, or decomposing the polyester in a hot water.
Preparation
Potassium Sorbate Food Grade (E202) is prepared by reacting potassium hydroxide with sorbic acid, followed by evaporation and crystallization:CH3CH=CHCH=CHCOOH + KOH →CH3CH=CHCH=CHCOOK + H2O.
