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Protectol PE is a colorless, slightly oily, low-odor liquid preservative based on 2-phenoxyethanol, known chemically as phenoxyethanol. Its molecular formula is C₈H₁₀O₂, its molecular weight is about 138.17 g/mol and its CAS number is 122-99-6. It is an aromatic glycol ether and phenol ether whose structure contains both an ether bond and a primary alcohol group. The same molecule is used as a solvent and coalescent as well as a preservative.
Phenoxyethanol acts by disrupting the cell membrane permeability of microorganisms and interfering with energy production; it is strongest against bacteria, especially Gram-negative species. Because its effect on yeasts and molds is more limited, it is often used together with co-actives such as ethylhexylglycerin. It is sparingly soluble in water, miscible with alcohols and glycols, and stable against hydrolysis.
Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, a multipurpose product that combines broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with solvent power, is used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products, household cleaners, water-based paints and adhesives, metalworking fluids, disinfectants and vaccine formulations, and as a solvent and coalescent in ink and resin systems. The grade, free phenol level, regulation and tendency to solidify in the cold should be considered when selecting it. This product can be supplied from ATAMAN KİMYA; for technical information and requests, contacting ATAMAN KİMYA is recommended.
WHAT IS PROTECTOL PE?
Protectol PE is a liquid preservative and biocide product based on 2-phenoxyethanol, known as phenoxyethanol. Its systematic name is 2-phenoxyethan-1-ol. The structure consists of an ethylene glycol unit attached to a benzene ring through an ether bond and a terminal primary alcohol group.
At room temperature it is a colorless, clear and slightly viscous liquid. Its odor is faint, aromatic or rose-like. Because it can solidify below about 9–14 °C, crystallization may be seen in cold storage.
BASF’s product page presents Protectol PE as a liquid biocide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that is compatible with other biocidal active substances. Its uses include in-can preservation of household, institutional and industrial formulations and use as an active substance in surface, skin and hand disinfectants. The product is also stated to be readily biodegradable and to meet EU Ecolabel criteria.
The common production route is the reaction of phenol with ethylene oxide in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. The reaction runs with sodium or potassium hydroxide as catalyst at about 100–180 °C and a pressure of several MPa; the product is purified by vacuum distillation. Residual phenol and diethylene glycol phenyl ether are the main impurities that determine quality.
The compound was first prepared in 1896 by W. H. Perkin and Edward Haworth. From the 1920s it was sold under the name “Phenyl Cellosolve” as a solvent for cellulose acetate. Today it is used both as a solvent and as a preservative.
Protectol PE is distinct from the GMP and S products of the same brand. Protectol PE GMP, in pharmaceutical quality, is intended for topical antiseptics and pharmaceutical formulations, conforms to the European Pharmacopoeia and has a CEP certificate. Protectol PE S, offered for in-can preservation of water-based paints, is a separate product; its composition is not given in public sources.
Products such as Euxyl PE 9010 and Verstatil PE are blends containing about 90% phenoxyethanol and about 10% ethylhexylglycerin. They are not the same product as Protectol PE, which is based on pure phenoxyethanol. Euxyl K 400 is a separate blend containing methyldibromoglutaronitrile; although it appears as a synonym on some pages, it should not be treated as identical to phenoxyethanol.
Phenoxyethanol should also not be confused with 2-phenylethanol, 1-phenoxypropan-2-ol or phenol. 2-Phenylethanol is an ethyl alcohol attached directly to the benzene ring and has a different CAS number. Phenol is the raw material used in production and is an impurity limited in the product as free phenol.
There are important differences between commercial grades. The cosmetic preservative grade, the pharmacopoeial grade conforming to the European Pharmacopoeia, USP and BP monographs, and the technical grade used as a solvent are offered with different purity and impurity limits. When buying, the grade should be specified, not just the name.
The same substance is subject to different rules depending on where it is used. It is treated as a preservative in cosmetics, as a biocidal active substance in disinfectants and as a solvent in paints and inks. The relevant regulation should therefore be reviewed separately for the target product and country.
COMMON PRODUCT AND CHEMICAL NAMES OF PROTECTOL PE:
Protectol PE
Fenoksietanol
Phenoxyethanol
Fenoksiyetanol
2-Fenoksietanol
2-Phenoxyethanol
2-Fenoksietan-1-ol
2-Phenoxyethan-1-ol
Fenoksietil Alkol
Phenoxyethyl Alcohol
2-Fenoksietil Alkol
2-Phenoxyethyl Alcohol
Etilen Glikol Monofenil Eter
Ethylene Glycol Monophenyl Ether
Etilen Glikol Fenil Eter
Ethylene Glycol Phenyl Ether
Glikol Monofenil Eter
Glycol Monophenyl Ether
2-Hidroksietil Fenil Eter
2-Hydroxyethyl Phenyl Ether
1-Hidroksi-2-fenoksietan
1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane
Fenilglikol
Phenylglycol
Fenil Monoglikol Eter
Phenylmonoglycol Ether
Etanol, 2-fenoksi-
Ethanol, 2-phenoxy-
Fenoksetol
Phenoxetol
Fenoksitol
Phenoxytol
Fenil Sellosolv
Phenyl Cellosolve
Gül Eteri
Rose Ether
Fenoksietanol BP
Phenoxyethanol BP
Phenoxyethanolum
Antimikrobiyal PE
PE Glikol Eter
Glycol Ether EPH
Dowanol EPh
Dowanol EP
Preventol PHE 100
Ensoline PHE LP
2-PE
EGMPE
122-99-6
Most of these names express the same substance with different spellings and naming systems. 2-Phenoxyethan-1-ol is the systematic name; ethylene glycol monophenyl ether and phenoxyethyl alcohol are synonyms that describe the structure as an ether and as an alcohol. Fenoksiyetanol is a different spelling commonly seen in Turkish.
Phenoxetol, phenoxytol and phenyl cellosolve are older or trade-derived names. Phenoxyethanol BP and Phenoxyethanolum point to the pharmacopoeial grade of the substance; conformity to the European Pharmacopoeia, USP or BP monograph should be confirmed from the product documents.
Protectol PE is BASF’s biocide brand. Dowanol EPh is a Dow product, Phenoxetol is Clariant’s and Preventol PHE 100 is Lanxess’s; Arkema’s Ensoline PHE LP is also a phenoxyethanol-based solvent. The purity and additive content of a product requested by brand name should be confirmed separately with the supplier.
2-PE and EGMPE are abbreviations. Because PE also appears in other products, orders and documents should not rely on the abbreviation alone. Names such as Antimikrobiyal PE and PE Glikol Eter are catalog names; when they are used, the CAS number 122-99-6 should be written with them.
Blends containing ethylhexylglycerin, such as Euxyl PE 9010, and Euxyl K 400 are not included in this list. They are products with different compositions and should not be used as synonyms of phenoxyethanol.
CAS NO, EC / EINECS NO AND CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF PROTECTOL PE
Product name: Protectol PE / Fenoksietanol
Common abbreviation: 2-PE
Chemical name: 2-Phenoxyethan-1-ol (2-phenoxyethanol)
INCI name: Phenoxyethanol
CAS No: 122-99-6
EC / EINECS No: 204-589-7
EU index number: 603-098-00-9
Molecular formula: C₈H₁₀O₂
Molecular weight: 138.17 g/mol
Chemical class: Aromatic glycol ether; phenol ether; primary alcohol
Main functions: Antimicrobial preservative, biocidal active substance, solvent, coalescent, fragrance fixative
The EU harmonised classification records the substance under index number 603-098-00-9 as acute toxicity category 4 (H302), serious eye damage category 1 (H318) and specific target organ toxicity single exposure category 3 (H335), which may cause respiratory tract irritation. The Committee for Risk Assessment adopted its opinion on 13 June 2019; older documents may show different classifications, such as eye irritation category 2.
Its PubChem identifier is 31236 and its US Food and Drug Administration substance code is known as HIE492ZZ3T. Its customs tariff position falls under heading 2909; the detailed tariff code should be verified for the product and the country.
The existence of an INCI name does not mean the product can be used freely in every cosmetic product; in the EU it is permitted as a preservative up to a maximum of 1.0%. Likewise, the existence of a pharmacopoeial monograph does not mean that every product batch is of pharmaceutical quality.
CAS and EC numbers are needed to match the product to the correct substance. Preservative, pharmacopoeial and technical grades carry the same number but have different impurity limits; requests should therefore state the grade and documents alongside the number.
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF PROTECTOL PE
The molecule is represented by the formula C₆H₅–O–CH₂CH₂–OH. The benzene ring is attached through the ether oxygen to a two-carbon chain, which ends in a primary hydroxyl group. The phenoxy group forms the hydrophobic side of the molecule and the hydroxyl group forms the hydrophilic side.
This structure makes the molecule amphiphilic. The aromatic ring interacts with oil and solvent phases, while the hydroxyl group can form hydrogen bonds with water and alcohols. The logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient is about 1.2, so the substance shows a balanced distribution between water and oil.
The ether bond is chemically stable. Phenoxyethanol is therefore not easily hydrolyzed in water, acid or mildly basic media; manufacturer documents stress its stability against hydrolysis, temperature changes and pH differences. The primary alcohol group, however, can react with strong oxidizers.
The molecule is covalent rather than ionic in character and is a neutral liquid. Because the estimated pKa of the hydroxyl group is about 14, its aqueous solution is practically neutral; product specifications give a pH range of 5.5–7.0 for a 1% solution.
Its polarity is moderate. In Dow’s document the Hansen solubility parameters are given as 17.8 for dispersion, 5.7 for polarity and 14.3 for hydrogen bonding. The high hydrogen bonding contribution explains why the substance is a good solvent for cellulose derivatives, dyes and many resins.
The phenoxy ring and the short hydrophilic chain allow the molecule to settle into the lipid layer of the microbial cell membrane. The effects of increasing membrane permeability and disrupting energy metabolism are related to this amphiphilic structure.
In biological systems it is oxidized to phenoxyacetic acid and excreted from the body. Because the bioconcentration factor is reported as 0.35, its tendency to accumulate in the environment is very low.
Thermal decomposition occurs at high temperature; one safety data sheet gives a decomposition temperature above 350 °C. The combustion products are carbon oxides. Because some documents point to the possibility of oxidation at high temperature, storage in a closed container under inert gas is recommended for sensitive uses.
Strong oxidizers, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, strong acids and bases are incompatible with the structure. Residual phenol and diethylene glycol phenyl ether from production are the main impurities that determine quality; in pharmacopoeial grades these limits are much tighter.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PROTECTOL PE
General technical properties:
Values may vary by manufacturer, grade and measurement method; the information below is for general information only and does not replace manufacturer-specific TDS and SDS documents.
Physical appearance: Colorless, clear, slightly viscous and oily liquid; faint aromatic or rose-like odor
Chemical character: Neutral, amphiphilic aromatic glycol ether; phenol ether and primary alcohol
Molecular formula: C₈H₁₀O₂
Molecular weight: 138.17 g/mol
CAS No: 122-99-6
EC / EINECS No: 204-589-7
Purity: In preservative grade mostly at least 99% (gas chromatography). The European Pharmacopoeia monograph requires 99.0–100.5%, the USP monograph 98.0–102.0%. A research-grade product is given as 92% and above. These values are example specification levels, not binding product limits
Density: Relative density 1.105–1.110 at 20 °C; 1.106 g/cm³ at 25 °C in one manufacturer document
Refractive index: n20/D about 1.537–1.539
Viscosity: About 21.5 mPa·s at 25 °C; 29–41 mPa·s at 20 °C in some documents. Strongly dependent on temperature
Melting / freezing point: About 9–14 °C according to documents; values of 9.1, 11–13, 11.8 and 14 °C are seen. May solidify in the cold
Boiling point: About 237–247 °C; 244 °C is given most often
Flash point: Between 119 and 133 °C according to documents; values of 119, 126, 130 and 133 °C are reported depending on method and cup type
Autoignition temperature: About 430–475 °C
Vapor pressure: Very low at 20 °C; about 0.004 mmHg, i.e. 0.01 hPa. The evaporation rate is 0.001 taking n-butyl acetate as 1.0
Water solubility: About 24–30 g/L at 20–25 °C, i.e. about 2.4–3.0%. The amount of water dissolved in the product is given as about 9% in one manufacturer document
Solubility in organic solvents: Miscible with acetone, ethanol, glycerol and propylene glycol; soluble in chloroform, ether and alkaline solutions; sparingly soluble in peanut and olive oil
pH (aqueous solution): In specifications 5.5–7.0 for a 1% solution; in safety data sheets about 7 for a 10 g/L solution at 23 °C. Should not be taken as a single value without stating concentration and solvent
Octanol-water partition coefficient: log Pow about 1.2
Free phenol: In manufacturer specifications at most 10 ppm to 150 ppm; the European Pharmacopoeia and USP limit is at most 0.1%
Moisture: At most 0.1% in one specification for pharmacopoeial grade, at most 0.2% in another for preservative grade
Color: At most 10 APHA in one specification; 30 or 100 APHA in other commercial grades
Heavy metals: At most 20 ppm for lead and arsenic in one preservative grade specification. There is no general limit; it depends on the product specification
Other impurities: Phenoxyethoxyethanol at most 1% in one specification; in one pharmacopoeial specification individual impurities at most 0.10% and total at most 0.3%. Ethylene oxide residue below 2 ppm is reported for a preservative grade
Decomposition: Stable under normal conditions; thermal decomposition starts above 350 °C, combustion products are carbon oxides
Reactivity: Incompatible with strong oxidizers, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, strong acids and bases
Brief Description of Physical Properties
Phenoxyethanol is a liquid that flows at room temperature but is distinctly more viscous than water. Its boiling point is around 240 °C and its flash point is above 119 °C. Because its vapor pressure is very low, it evaporates slowly even in an open container.
The melting point being close to room temperature is an important usage detail. In cold storage and in winter conditions, solidification or crystallization may be seen inside the drum. This is not a quality problem but a physical property, and it reverses in a warm environment.
Because water solubility is about 2.4–3.0%, use concentrations around 1% can be dissolved in the aqueous phase. High-concentration premixes are first prepared in propylene glycol or a similar co-solvent.
Small and large differences are seen between documents. The melting point is given as 9 to 14 °C, the flash point as 119 to 133 °C and water solubility as 24 to 30 g/L. The differences come from the measurement method, impurity level and grade; binding values should be sought in the product’s own certificate of analysis.
Free phenol and water are among the most important indicators of quality. In cosmetic and pharmacopoeial grades phenol is limited at the ppm level, while higher limits are seen in technical grades. Limit values should therefore be read from the product document.
HOW DOES PROTECTOL PE WORK AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL?
The action of Protectol PE rests on two separate functions. The first is the antimicrobial function acting on the microbial cell, the second is the solvent function dissolving polymers, resins and dyes. Both arise from the amphiphilic structure of the molecule.
In antimicrobial action, phenoxyethanol settles into the cell membrane and increases its permeability. Rapid leakage of potassium ions from the cell has been shown in bacteria such as E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and Enterococcus faecium.
A review article also reports uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation from respiration, competitive inhibition of malate dehydrogenase and suppression of microbial DNA and RNA synthesis. The cell is thus weakened both structurally and metabolically.
The effect is pronounced on bacteria and is also useful against Gram-negative species. There is an effect against yeasts and molds but it is weaker; in practice it is therefore often used together with a fungicidal co-active.
The type of effect depends on concentration and contact time. At cosmetic concentrations it is mostly considered growth-inhibiting, that is, biostatic. A brochure for a blend of phenoxyethanol and ethylhexylglycerin points to a contact time of at least 48 hours for a killing effect in a contaminated product.
Multifunctional substances such as ethylhexylglycerin and caprylyl glycol lower surface tension and increase the permeability of the microbial membrane. This eases the entry of phenoxyethanol into the cell and strengthens the effect against yeasts and molds, where it falls short on its own. Ready-made blends with a ratio of about 9:1 are common for this reason.
Nonionic ethoxylated surfactants can trap phenoxyethanol inside micelles. The amount of preservative remaining free in the aqueous phase decreases, and because this phase is usually the decisive one for microorganisms, protection weakens. Since the size of this effect varies with the formulation, a challenge test is needed in the final product.
Phenoxyethanol is a non-ionizing molecule. Its action does not depend on pH-dependent ionization as in organic acid type preservatives, and it can be used over a wide pH range. Blend manufacturers report an effective range up to 12, while independent sources give about 3–10.
As a solvent, the aromatic ring interacts with cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose and many resins, and the hydroxyl group interacts with polar components. The low evaporation rate keeps the substance in the system for a long time.
In latex paints it behaves like a slowly evaporating coalescent. It softens the polymer particles to ease film formation and slowly leaves after the film has formed.
IN WHICH SECTORS IS PROTECTOL PE USED?
Cosmetics and personal care
It is included as a preservative in creams, lotions, shampoos, shower gels, liquid soaps, deodorants, sun care, make-up and wet wipes. In most products it is used together with ethylhexylglycerin, benzyl alcohol or organic acids. The typical use level is in the range of 0.5–1%.
Household care, cleaning and detergents
It is used to prevent water-based cleaners, detergents and household care products from spoiling during their shelf life. BASF describes the product as an in-can preservative for household, institutional and industrial formulations. Lanxess also offers a similar phenoxyethanol product in this field.
Paints, coatings and adhesives
In water-based paints and adhesives it is considered both a preservative and a slowly evaporating coalescent. Dow’s Dowanol EPh product is presented as a latex coalescent and a solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate and various resins. For use as in-can protection, biocidal regulation should be checked separately.
Metalworking fluids and lubricants
It is used to prevent microbial spoilage in water-miscible cutting fluids. In an industry study, combinations of phenoxyethanol or benzisothiazolinone with amines were tried in this field in place of formaldehyde-releasing biocides. Dow also lists it as an aid in preparing homogeneous and stable fluids.
Disinfectants and antiseptics
BASF presents Protectol PE as a biocidal active substance in surface, skin and hand disinfectants and also lists the food service and kitchen hygiene fields. Pharmaceutical-grade Protectol PE GMP is intended for topical antiseptics. The European Biocidal Products Committee has given an opinion supporting approval of this substance for product types 1, 2 and 4, with the final decision left to the Commission and member states.
Vaccines and pharmaceuticals
It is used as a preservative in multi-dose vaccines and some pharmaceutical formulations. Levels of about 0.5–5 mg per dose are reported in vaccines. A pharmacopoeia-compliant product is required for these uses, which demand pharmaceutical quality.
Ink, textile and solvent applications
It is used in ballpoint pen and printing inks, as a dye solvent and carrier in textile dyes, as a solvent in paint strippers and in cellulose acetate systems. Arkema also offers its phenoxyethanol-based solvent for inks, paint strippers, textile printing pastes and metalworking fluids.
Perfumery and other fields
Because of its low evaporation rate it serves as a fragrance fixative in perfumes and soaps. It is reported to be used as a regulator in melamine formaldehyde resins and in mining chemicals. Use in insect repellents and as an anesthetic in fish farming has been reported; these are small and regional fields.
IS PROTECTOL PE USED IN COSMETIC, FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS?
Cosmetics
Yes. Phenoxyethanol is used in cosmetics as a preservative under the INCI name Phenoxyethanol. It appears in the list of Annex V of the EU Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009 under entry number 29 and can be used up to a maximum of 1.0% in the finished product.
In its 2016 opinion, the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety found the substance safe at this level for all consumers, including children. The committee calculated the margin of safety for children as about 50. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Panel also found 1% and below safe in 1990 and repeated this conclusion in 2007.
The French medicines and health products agency ANSM, in its 2019 decision, asked for labels to state that leave-on products should not be used on the nappy area of children aged three and under. The decision is precautionary and is not based on documented harm in humans.
Japan and Canada also apply the 1% limit for cosmetic preservatives. In Türkiye as well, 2-phenoxyethanol is addressed in the relevant legislation as a cosmetic preservative; the current limit and conditions should be confirmed from the current regulation.
Because BASF presents Protectol PE for household, institutional and industrial use rather than for cosmetics, for cosmetic use it should be confirmed with the supplier that the product is offered in cosmetic grade and that its documents are available.
Food
Phenoxyethanol is not a food additive in the EU and has no E number. It is not added directly to food. In some databases it appears under FEMA number 4620; this number does not mean free use in food.
In the United States, some uses are reported to be permitted under indirect food additives. This refers to use in materials that may come into contact with food and does not mean it enters the food content.
BASF states that the product can be used in surface disinfection in food service, kitchen hygiene and food processing. This is use as a surface disinfectant and is not an additive to food. For every application involving food contact, the food contact and biocidal regulation of the target country should be reviewed separately.
Pharmaceuticals
There are European Pharmacopoeia, USP-NF and BP monographs for phenoxyethanol. It is used as a preservative in vaccines, topical medicines and pharmaceutical formulations. It is reported to be present at a level of 0.5% in IPOL, one of the polio vaccines.
Because its preservative effect is weaker than that of mercury compounds, it is often used together with other preservatives in vaccines. No systemic toxicity was reported with repeated intramuscular administration of 5 mg/dose in rabbits.
In the pharmaceutical field the quality of the product is decisive. BASF states European Pharmacopoeia conformity and a CEP certificate for Protectol PE GMP. Technical or preservative grade does not replace pharmaceutical grade; pharmacopoeia-compliant, traceable and documented product is needed for pharmaceutical uses.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF PROTECTOL PE
The industrial value of Protectol PE comes from the combination of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect, solvent power and low evaporation rate. In the applications below, the product is usually used not alone but together with co-preservatives and solvents. The regulation and performance conditions of each application are separate.
Preservation in cosmetic and personal care products
The aim is to protect aqueous products such as creams, lotions, shampoos, liquid soaps and wet wipes from spoilage by bacteria, yeasts and molds. Phenoxyethanol dissolves in the aqueous phase and limits the contamination risk from production to the consumer. It is usually added in the cooling stage.
The reasons for choosing it are that it is an alternative to formaldehyde-releasing preservatives, is colorless and low in odor, and works over a wide pH range. A review reports that its effect on the skin’s beneficial flora is weaker than that of many preservatives. The average use level was found to be about 0.46% in a survey of 43 products.
The limitation is the 1.0% upper limit in the EU and its weaker effect against fungi. Efficacy may fall with ethoxylated surfactants. For this reason it is used in most formulas together with a co-active such as ethylhexylglycerin or caprylyl glycol, and a challenge test is performed.
In-can preservation in household care and industrial cleaners
The aim is to prevent bacterial spoilage of water-based cleaners, detergents and household care products during their shelf life. BASF recommends the product for in-can preservation of household, institutional and industrial formulations. Lanxess also offers the same chemical as a preservative in cleaners and detergents.
The reasons for choosing it are its stability against hydrolysis, temperature changes and pH differences. The manufacturer also reports good compatibility with other biocidal active substances; phenoxyethanol is often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds.
The limitation is that efficacy may fall at high surfactant content. An additional preservative may be needed for fungal control. Because use as an in-can preservative may be subject to biocidal product regulation, the rules of the target market should be checked.
Water-based paints, coatings and adhesives
The aim is to prevent bacterial spoilage of latex paints and adhesives in storage and, where needed, to aid film formation. BASF offers a separate product for paints, Protectol PE S. Dow’s phenoxyethanol product is presented as a latex coalescent and solvent.
The reasons for choosing it are its slow evaporation as a coalescent and high polymer-dissolving power. It softens the polymer particles to ease film formation and slowly leaves after the film has formed.
The limitation is that the effective concentration as a preservative is at the level of tenths of a percent. The mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone, which sources place among the leading in-can preservatives, is used at 15–22.5 ppm active substance. For this reason phenoxyethanol is mostly chosen not alone but together with another biocide.
Metalworking fluids
The aim is to extend fluid life in water-miscible cutting and cooling fluids by limiting bacterial and fungal growth. A study in Lubes’N’Greases magazine tried combinations of phenoxyethanol or benzisothiazolinone with amines in place of formaldehyde-releasing biocides in low-oil semi-synthetic fluids at 5% dilution.
The reason for choosing it is regulatory pressure on formaldehyde-releasing substances and boric acid. Boric acid is classified as reproductive toxicity category 1B in the EU and is on the candidate list of substances of very high concern. In the study, fluids using phenoxyethanol or benzisothiazolinone together with 3-amino-4-octanol gave the longest protection.
The limitation is that it did not fully match the fluid with 5% boric acid in bacterial control. In the study phenoxyethanol was tried only in amine combinations, and formaldehyde-free fluids were found to cost more. Use also depends on biocidal regulation.
Disinfectant and antiseptic formulations
The aim is to reduce microorganism counts as a biocidal active substance in surface, hand and skin disinfectants. BASF lists the product for surface, skin and hand disinfectants in healthcare, institutional and industrial settings. A review mentions use up to 5% in hand products.
The reasons for choosing it are its broad-spectrum effect, compatibility with other active substances and ready biodegradation. Pharmaceutical-grade Protectol PE GMP is intended for topical antiseptics.
The limitation is that it requires biocidal product authorization and efficacy tests. In the EU the committee opinion is favorable for product types 1, 2 and 4; under what claim a product can be sold varies by country and product type.
Vaccine and pharmaceutical formulations
The aim is to protect multi-dose vaccines and some medicines from microbial contamination. Phenoxyethanol is proposed as an alternative to the mercury-containing thiomersal and is mostly used together with a second preservative such as m-cresol or benzyl alcohol.
The reason for choosing it is that its cytotoxicity was found to be lower than that of thiomersal and benzethonium chloride in human cell studies. In vaccines a level of mostly 2.5–5 mg per dose is reported.
The limitation is that its preservative power is weaker than that of mercury compounds. Its effect against yeasts and molds is limited at low temperature, and it does not provide protection against viral contamination. A pharmacopoeia-compliant, traceable product is required for these uses.
Ink, textile and resin solvent applications
The aim is to dissolve cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, dyes and resins and to provide a slowly evaporating medium. It is used with this function in ballpoint pen inks, printing inks, paint strippers and textile printing pastes.
The reasons for choosing it are an evaporation rate about a thousand times lower than n-butyl acetate and high dissolving power. Dow states that formulations may need less performance solvent than with P and E series glycol ethers.
The limitation is the serious eye damage classification and the fact that slow evaporation lengthens drying time. In the United States it benefits from the low vapor pressure exemption in consumer products; the same substance is also on the hazardous air pollutants list.
POINTS TO NOTE WHEN USING PROTECTOL PE
Protectol PE is a moderately hazardous preservative; because it can cause serious eye damage, solidifies in the cold and interacts with surfactants, it requires careful use. Quality, compatibility and regulatory matters should be evaluated together.
Main points to note:
• Quality and free phenol: A grade suited to the intended use should be selected, and purity, free phenol and water values should be confirmed with the certificate of analysis. Preservative, pharmacopoeial and technical grades are not interchangeable
• Solidification: Below about 9–14 °C the product can solidify. One supplier document recommends gentle warming to 30–40 °C and avoiding direct heating. The container contents should be homogeneous before use
• Ethoxylated surfactants: Components such as PEG, polysorbate and laureth can reduce efficacy by holding phenoxyethanol in micelles. In such formulas, the preservative level and challenge testing should be planned together
• Fungal spectrum: The effect against yeasts and molds is weaker. A co-active such as ethylhexylglycerin, caprylyl glycol or an organic acid is often needed
• Temperature: The preservative should be added in the cooling stage and not held at high temperature for long periods
• Material compatibility: Stainless steel, carbon steel, phenolic-lined drums and HDPE are generally found suitable. Safety data sheets recommend avoiding aluminum, copper and galvanized containers. A blend product brochure does not consider polycarbonate, PMMA, PET and ABS suitable and recommends fluorinated rubber, EPDM and PTFE seals
• Incompatible substances: Contact with strong oxidizers, strong acids, bases, acid anhydrides and acid chlorides should be avoided
• Eyes and skin: The substance can cause serious eye damage. Protective goggles and suitable gloves should be used during work
• Ventilation: Vapor pressure is low, but vapor or mist may form in hot processes and spraying. The area should be well ventilated
• Fire: The flash point is high, but the substance is a combustible liquid. It should be kept away from heating, sparks and open flame
• Environment: It is readily biodegradable and has low aquatic toxicity, but it is water-soluble and mobile in soil. Large quantities should not be released into waterways and sewers
• Sensitive groups: In baby and small child products, regional rules such as the label warning in France should be taken into account. There are also warnings about use in nipple creams for breastfeeding infants
• Regulation: The cosmetic preservative limit, biocidal product registrations and pharmaceutical quality requirements vary by region and application. Current regulation should be checked for the target product and country
This section has been prepared for general information. The current safety data sheet and technical data sheet of the product to be used should be taken as the basis.
STARTING FORMULATION APPROACHES FOR PROTECTOL PE
The examples below are starting approaches prepared to show how Protectol PE can be evaluated as a preservative system. They are not verified commercial recipes, production instructions or regulation-compliant final formulas.
The ratios given are example starting levels for preliminary laboratory trials, and each formula adds up to 100%. The preservative concentration must be confirmed with a challenge test in every formula; actual ratios should be determined according to raw material quality, pH and target performance.
In every application, regulatory compliance, safety and material compatibility should be assessed by specialists. In cosmetic and cleaning products, the preservative level of the final product must comply with the regulation of the relevant country.
EXAMPLE 1: EVALUATION OF A PROTECTOL PE AND ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN PRESERVATIVE SYSTEM IN A LOTION
Purpose: To examine the bacteria, yeast and mold control of a combination of 0.8% Protectol PE with ethylhexylglycerin in an oil-in-water body lotion containing no ethoxylated ingredients.
Starting approach:
Demineralized water: about 80.7%
Caprylic/capric triglyceride: about 8.0%
Glycerin: about 4.0%
Cetearyl alcohol: about 3.0%
Glyceryl stearate citrate: about 3.0%
Xanthan gum: about 0.3%
Ethylhexylglycerin: about 0.2%
Protectol PE: about 0.8%
Application approach:
• Cetearyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate citrate and triglyceride are melted at about 70–75 °C. Glycerin and xanthan gum are dispersed in water and brought to the same temperature; the phases are combined to form the emulsion.
• When the emulsion has cooled below about 40 °C, ethylhexylglycerin and Protectol PE are added. The pH is measured and, if necessary, adjusted to about 5.5–6.5 with citric acid.
• Preservation is monitored for bacteria, yeast and mold with challenge tests such as European Pharmacopoeia 5.1.3 or ISO 11930. The preservative is compared at 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0%; appearance, viscosity and pH are monitored with storage at 4, 25 and 40 °C.
• The product is put through a cosmetic safety assessment and the preservative level does not exceed 1.0%. Because raw phenoxyethanol can cause serious eye damage, goggles and gloves are used in production.
EXAMPLE 2: EVALUATION OF IN-CAN PRESERVATION WITH PROTECTOL PE IN A WATER-BASED SURFACE CLEANER ACCORDING TO SURFACTANT EFFECT
Purpose: To examine the preservation performance of Protectol PE and the loss of efficacy micelles may cause in a water-based all-purpose surface cleaner containing a nonionic alcohol ethoxylate.
Starting approach:
Demineralized water: about 90.9%
Alcohol ethoxylate (nonionic surfactant): about 5.0%
Sodium cumene sulfonate: about 3.0%
Citric acid: about 0.5%
Protectol PE: about 0.6%
Application approach:
• Citric acid and sodium cumene sulfonate are dissolved in water, alcohol ethoxylate is added and stirred until the solution is clear. Protectol PE is added last at room temperature; if the product has solidified, it is first gently warmed at 30–40 °C.
• The same base formula is prepared at 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0% preservative levels and with different surfactant amounts; thus the micelle effect is observed.
• The pH is measured. A challenge test with repeated inoculation is performed with strains such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis. If fungal control remains weak, a co-preservative is added.
• The finished product may be subject to regulation as a household care product or biocidal product; the active substances and limits permitted for in-can preservatives in the target country are checked. Because the concentrate can cause serious eye damage, goggles and gloves are used.
EXAMPLE 3: EVALUATION OF A PRESERVATION SYSTEM WITH PROTECTOL PE AND CAPRYLYL GLYCOL IN A WET WIPE LOTION
Purpose: To examine the bacteria and mold control of a combination of Protectol PE with caprylyl glycol, and its stability in the pack, in an alcohol-free wet wipe lotion.
Starting approach:
Demineralized water: about 95.6%
Glycerin: about 2.0%
Decyl glucoside (non-ethoxylated surfactant): about 1.0%
Protectol PE: about 0.8%
Caprylyl glycol: about 0.3%
Citric acid: about 0.2%
Disodium EDTA: about 0.1%
Application approach:
• Glycerin, decyl glucoside and disodium EDTA are dissolved in water. Protectol PE and caprylyl glycol are added, stirred until the solution is clear, and the pH is adjusted to about 5.0–5.5 with citric acid.
• The lotion is loaded onto the wipe fabric and kept in the pack. The challenge test is performed on both the lotion and the loaded wipe, because the amount of free preservative may change due to the fabric and packaging.
• Odor, appearance, pH and skin compatibility are monitored over time. A dermatological tolerance test is performed; the combination of EDTA and phenoxyethanol is an approach used for protection against Gram-negative bacteria.
• The wipe is a leave-on product. If it will be used on the baby area, the ANSM label warning in France and the target country’s children’s product rules are assessed separately; the preservative level must not exceed 1.0%.
SIMILAR PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES TO PROTECTOL PE
An alternative to Protectol PE does not simply mean choosing another preservative. The field of application, microbial spectrum, pH, surfactant system, safety and regulatory status must be evaluated together. The substances below can take on a similar function or complement phenoxyethanol, but they are not interchangeable in every application.
PROTECTOL PE AND ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN
Ethylhexylglycerin is a multifunctional ether derived from glycerin and lowers surface tension. It is not a broad-spectrum preservative on its own; its main value is that it strengthens the effect of phenoxyethanol by increasing the permeability of the microbial membrane.
Ready-made blends such as Euxyl PE 9010 and Verstatil PE contain about 90% phenoxyethanol and about 10% ethylhexylglycerin. A ready-made blend offers ease of use; pure Protectol PE lets the formulator decide the ratio. In systems high in ethoxylated surfactants, the effect of the blend can also fall.
PROTECTOL PE AND CAPRYLYL GLYCOL
Caprylyl glycol is a 1,2-alkanediol that also has moisturizing properties and complements phenoxyethanol where it is weak against yeasts and molds. Mixtures of phenoxyethanol and caprylyl glycol are reported to have passed the European Pharmacopoeia challenge test in some formulas that failed with either alone.
This substance, which should not be confused with propylene glycol, is a different chemical. When the blend is used, pH, surfactant system and pack type should be tested together.
BENZYL ALCOHOL AND ORGANIC ACID PRESERVATIVES
Benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate and dehydroacetic acid are common alternatives or co-actives. Organic acids work in a pH-dependent way and largely lose their function above about 5.5–6.0. Phenoxyethanol, being non-ionizing, can be used over a wider pH range.
Benzyl alcohol, an aromatic alcohol, is also mostly used together with phenoxyethanol. In acidic and low-pH formulas organic acid-based systems are preferred, while phenoxyethanol is preferred in near-neutral formulas.
PROTECTOL PE AND PARABENS
Parabens are phenolic in structure like phenoxyethanol and provide a broad spectrum. One source reports that their typical use is below about 0.4%. Short-chain parabens are considered safe, while long-chain ones are subject to restrictions.
Phenoxyethanol is often preferred in place of parabens; parabens, on the other hand, are generally considered stronger against fungi. Some ready-made preservatives contain both groups together.
PROTECTOL PE AND ISOTHIAZOLINONES
Benzisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone and chloromethylisothiazolinone are common in-can preservatives in water-based paints and binders. The mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone is found effective against bacteria, yeast and mold at 15–22.5 ppm active substance.
The effective concentration of phenoxyethanol is at the level of tenths of a percent; it therefore generally remains a co-active to these biocides in paints needing heavy protection. Isothiazolinones, on the other hand, are under regulatory pressure, especially in Europe, because of sensitization labels and dose limits.
FORMALDEHYDE RELEASERS, TRIAZINES AND BORIC ACID
In metalworking fluids, formaldehyde-releasing triazines provided economical bacterial control for a long time. Because formaldehyde is considered carcinogenic to humans and boric acid is classified as reproductive toxicity category 1B in the EU, alternatives to these substances are being sought.
Phenoxyethanol and benzisothiazolinone, together with amine systems, are options tried in this field. In one study, however, no alternative fully matched the fluid with 5% boric acid in bacterial control; the choice should be made according to cost, performance and regulation.
PROTECTOL PE AND DBNPA
2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a fast-acting, low-cost biocide. It is used more in plant applications such as raw materials, wash water and equipment hygiene, and provides microbial control within minutes or hours.
Phenoxyethanol, on the other hand, is better suited to protecting the product through its shelf life. Because plant hygiene and product protection are different functions, the two substances are mostly complementary options rather than substitutes.
PROTECTOL PE AND GLYCOL ETHERS
In the solvent and coalescent role, P series glycol ethers based on propylene glycol, E series glycol ethers based on ethylene glycol, and benzyl alcohol can be alternatives. Dow states that its phenoxyethanol-based product may require less performance solvent in formulations than P and E series glycol ethers.
The aromatic structure of phenoxyethanol, its slow evaporation and its power to dissolve many resins set it apart. More volatile glycol ethers shorten drying time; the choice depends on the film formation and odor of the system and on volatile organic compound rules.
QUALITY CONTROL AND PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR PROTECTOL PE
Main parameters that can be evaluated in quality control and the purchasing process:
• Grade and identity: Preservative, pharmacopoeial or technical grade should be clearly stated; CAS number 122-99-6 and the product name should be written together. The infrared spectrum and refractive index can be used for identity confirmation
• Purity: Determined by gas chromatography. At least 99% is mostly expected in preservative grade. The European Pharmacopoeia monograph requires 99.0–100.5% by titration, the USP monograph 98.0–102.0% by gas chromatography
• Free phenol: Phenol from the raw material is an important impurity. The pharmacopoeial limit is at most 0.1%; a limit of 10 ppm is seen in some cosmetic and pharmacopoeial specifications and 150 ppm in some preservative grades
• Related substances: Diethylene glycol phenyl ether derivatives such as phenoxyethoxyethanol are monitored. One specification gives this as at most 1%; a pharmacopoeial specification requires 0.10% for individual impurities and 0.3% for the total. Ethylene oxide residue is reported below 2 ppm
• Water content: Measured by the Karl Fischer method. At most 0.1% is given in a pharmacopoeial specification and at most 0.2% in a preservative specification
• Color: Measured in APHA or Lovibond units. Values such as 10, 30 and 100 APHA are seen in specifications; a Lovibond limit of 1.0 is given in one preservative specification
• Relative density and refractive index: The ranges of 1.105–1.110 and 1.537–1.539 at 20 °C are common to pharmacopoeial and preservative documents. Deviations may indicate impurity or water contamination
• pH: Generally given in the range of 5.5–7.0 for a 1% solution. The solution concentration and measurement condition should be stated
• Heavy metals and special declarations: One preservative specification gives at most 20 ppm for lead and arsenic. Declarations on animal testing, BSE, GMO, CMR substances, nanoparticles and phthalates are independent statements by the manufacturer
• Appearance: A clear, colorless liquid free of visible foreign matter is expected. Solidification in the cold is not a quality defect; on warming it should become clear and homogeneous
• Typical value and specification: The manufacturer’s typical values should be distinguished from binding specification limits. Limit values should be given in the certificate of analysis together with their method
• Documents: A certificate of analysis, safety data sheet and technical data sheet should be requested. For pharmaceutical use, European Pharmacopoeia conformity and, if required, a CEP, and for cosmetic use the relevant quality declaration, should be sought separately
• Packaging and batch: Batch number, production date and shelf life should be traceable on the packaging. Shelf life varies between one and three years according to documents
• Test standards: The European Pharmacopoeia phenoxyethanol monograph, the USP-NF monograph and, depending on the application, European Pharmacopoeia 5.1.3 or ISO 11930 for challenge testing are used. The buyer should ask which standard applies in their own market
STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF PROTECTOL PE
Protectol PE should be stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, in its tightly closed original packaging. The USP monograph provides for storage in light-protected, tight containers, cool and dry. Some safety data sheets also recommend storage under inert gas.
The temperature limit varies by document. One document recommends below 30 °C and another 20–40 °C; a safety data sheet states storage above 15 °C, and since this value is close to the freezing point it should be confirmed with the supplier. The manufacturer’s own instruction should be taken as the basis.
If the product stays below about 9–14 °C for a long time it can solidify. One supplier document recommends gently warming to 30–40 °C in this case and avoiding direct heating. After heating, the contents should not be used without being homogenized.
Shelf life is about one to three years according to documents. One supplier reports 24 months, another at least 2.5 years, a pharmacopoeial supplier 36 months and an exporter 1 year. The period depends on the packaging and storage conditions; in products that have been stored for a long time, analysis should be repeated.
Suitable packaging is high-density polyethylene jerricans, stainless steel and carbon steel containers and phenolic-lined drums. Avoiding aluminum, copper and galvanized containers is recommended. Suppliers may offer options such as 200 kg drums, 1,000 kg IBCs, ISO tanks and bulk shipment.
Incompatible substances are strong oxidizers, strong acids, bases, acid anhydrides and acid chlorides. The warehouse should be kept away from heating and ignition sources; the product is a combustible liquid and its flash point is 119–133 °C.
In transport it is reported not to be regulated as a dangerous good under ADR, IMDG, IATA and DOT; no UN number has been assigned. This may change according to product form, mixture and applicable regulation; the current safety data sheet should be checked for every shipment.
During transport the packaging must be leak-tight, labels complete and precautions taken against solidification in winter conditions. In bulk shipment it should be verified that tanks and lines are clean and of compatible material.
SAFETY INFORMATION ON PROTECTOL PE
Protectol PE is a moderately hazardous substance. It requires attention especially because it can cause serious eye damage, is harmful if swallowed and can irritate the respiratory tract. The current safety data sheet specific to the product should be taken as the basis.
Main safety topics:
• Classification: The EU harmonised classification is given as acute toxicity category 4 (H302), serious eye damage category 1 (H318) and specific target organ toxicity single exposure category 3 (H335) for respiratory tract irritation; the signal word is “Danger”. The oral acute toxicity estimate is 1,394 mg/kg. Older documents may show different classifications, such as eye irritation category 2
• Acute toxicity: Oral LD50 values in rats are about 1,260–1,850 mg/kg according to documents and 2,740 mg/kg in one committee opinion. Dermal LD50 in rabbits is above 2,214 mg/kg. Inhalation LC50 is reported above 1,000 mg/m³
• Eyes: In rabbit studies corneal effects did not fully reverse in 21 days; this finding is the basis of the category 1 classification. On contact, the eyes should be rinsed with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, contact lenses removed if present, and a doctor consulted immediately
• Skin: Mild irritation was seen in animal studies. It was not found to be a sensitizer in guinea pigs. Patch test positivity in humans is reported at about 0.1–0.24%; allergy is rare, but cases of contact urticaria and dermatitis exist
• Skin absorption: In a controlled in vitro study, about 34–37% of phenoxyethanol from rinse-off formulations and about 78–81% from leave-on formulations was absorbed through the skin. The absorbed amount is converted to phenoxyacetic acid and excreted
• Inhalation: Vapor pressure is low. In hot processes or misting, respiratory tract irritation may occur. In a 14-day inhalation study in rats, the no-effect concentration for local effects on the upper respiratory tract was found to be 48.2 mg/m³
• Repeated dose: In rodents and rabbits the main findings are on red blood cells, kidney and spleen. In the rabbit 90-day dermal study the no-effect dose is 500 mg/kg/day, and in the rat 13-week oral study it is 369 mg/kg/day in males. Rabbits are the species most sensitive to this effect
• Reproduction, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity: It is not classified as reproductively toxic or carcinogenic in the EU. Genotoxicity tests are mostly negative and no neoplastic lesions were seen in two rodent studies. Developmental effects have been reported only together with maternal toxicity
• Infants: In 2008 the US Food and Drug Administration issued a warning for a nipple cream used by breastfeeding mothers, because of the potential of phenoxyethanol to depress the nervous system in breastfed infants. France requires a label warning for leave-on products on the nappy area of children aged three and under
• Occupational exposure: Occupational exposure limits that vary by country are reported; values range from about 1 to 40 ppm. In one safety data sheet, derived no-effect levels for workers are given as 20.83 mg/kg/day dermal and 5.7 mg/m³ inhalation
• Fire: The flash point is high, but the substance is a combustible liquid. Water mist, foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical powder is used in a fire. Combustion products are carbon oxides
• Personal protective equipment: Protective goggles conforming to EN 166, chemical gloves conforming to EN 374 and protective clothing are used. One safety data sheet gives a permeation time of 2 hours for butyl rubber or chloroprene gloves of 0.35 mm thickness for prolonged and repeated contact. Respiratory protection is needed only if ventilation is inadequate
• Spills: Spread to the environment is prevented, the liquid is collected with inert absorbent material and placed in a waste container. The floor may become slippery; the area is well ventilated
• Environment: Reported as readily biodegradable in most documents; about 90% degradation was seen in 28 days. LC50 is 344 mg/L in fish, above 500 mg/L in daphnia and 625 mg/L in algae. The bioconcentration factor is 0.35. One document does not consider the product rapidly degradable; the product document should be taken as the basis
• Waste management: Waste product and contaminated material are disposed of according to local regulation. Large quantities should not be released into waterways and sewers
• In an emergency: If swallowed, vomiting is not induced, the mouth is rinsed and a doctor is consulted. If inhaled, move to fresh air. On skin contact, wash with soap and plenty of water for at least 15 minutes
This section is for general information; it does not replace the product-specific SDS.
WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN BUYING PROTECTOL PE?
To choose the right product, identity must first be clearly established. Protectol PE can be confused with phenoxyethanol, blends containing ethylhexylglycerin such as Euxyl PE 9010, pharmaceutical-grade Protectol PE GMP and Protectol PE S for paints. The product name, CAS number and grade should be written together.
Main points to evaluate when buying:
• Correct identity: Product name, CAS number 122-99-6, EC number 204-589-7 and grade should be confirmed together. For products requested by brand name, whether an equivalent grade is acceptable should be asked separately
• Grade: Preservative, pharmacopoeial and technical grades are not interchangeable. For cosmetic, pharmaceutical and vaccine uses, the grade and documents suited to the target application should be requested
• Technical specifications: Purity, free phenol, water, color, relative density and other impurity limits should be written together with acceptance limits
• Suitability for intended use: Cosmetic, household care, paint, metalworking fluid and disinfectant applications require different grades and regulation. The suitable grade should be confirmed with small trials and a challenge test
• Packaging and logistics: Drum, IBC, jerrican, ISO tank or bulk shipment options should be asked about, and solidification in winter conditions and the need for heating should be clarified
• Batch consistency: Consistent purity, free phenol, water and color values between batches should be requested. It should be verified that the first sample and later shipments are to the same specification
• Product documents: A certificate of analysis, SDS and TDS should be requested. It should be checked that the documents match the product code and batch number
• Technical support: It is valuable if the supplier can advise on formulation, compatibility, challenge testing and storage
• Regulation: REACH and KKDİK, the cosmetic preservative limit, biocidal product conditions and pharmaceutical quality requirements should be checked for the target product and country
• Total cost of supply: Price is not just the unit price. Purity, free phenol level, packaging, freight, heating requirement, wastage and quality rejection rate determine the total cost. Comparisons should be made on the same grade
For low-priced products, free phenol, water content, color and impurity profile should be questioned in particular. These parameters directly affect both efficacy and tolerance and safety in use.
SUPPLY OF PROTECTOL PE FROM ATAMAN KİMYA
Protectol PE is a phenoxyethanol-based multipurpose product evaluated as a preservative and solvent in fields such as cosmetics, household care, paints, metalworking fluids and disinfectants.
The ATAMAN KİMYA website has more than one product page for phenoxyethanol. On some of them the name Protectol PE appears as a synonym. A separate page under the name Dowanol EPh Glycol Ether is also visible.
The existing product pages are general product introductions. The pages do not contain product-specific details such as grade, purity, free phenol, water content, packaging, stock, origin or document information.
Differing statements on topics such as density and recommended use level may be found between pages. Some synonyms belong to different products. Product-specific information should therefore not be accepted on the basis of these pages alone.
Protectol PE is a BASF trade name. Whether the product requested in an order is a BASF-made branded product or generic phenoxyethanol with the same CAS number should be clearly confirmed with ATAMAN KİMYA.
It is important for companies looking for Protectol PE for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, vaccine or disinfectant applications to clearly confirm with ATAMAN KİMYA, before ordering, the grade of the product and the documents with which it is supplied.
Companies wishing to obtain information about the supply of Protectol PE from ATAMAN KİMYA can share their fields of use and technical needs and request information on product suitability, current supply status, packaging options and a price quotation.
The current stock status, origin, grade, purity, free phenol level, regulatory compliance, analysis values, packaging and conditions regarding the intended use of the product should be confirmed with ATAMAN KİMYA before ordering.
Sharing the following information in a quotation request makes it easier to evaluate the right product:
• Sector of use and final application, for example cosmetics, household care, paint, metalworking fluid or disinfectant
• Required grade, for example preservative, pharmacopoeial or technical grade
• Target product category and country of use
• Required limits for purity, free phenol and water content
• Required limits for color and other impurities
• Required CAS number and, if any, brand or product code
• Estimated order quantity
• Required packaging type and size
• Requested technical documents: SDS, TDS, certificate of analysis and regulatory documents
• If available, the TDS or analysis information of the product currently in use
For ATAMAN KİMYA contact details, the contact page on the company’s website can be used.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT PROTECTOL PE
What is Protectol PE?
It is a colorless, slightly viscous liquid preservative based on 2-phenoxyethanol, known as phenoxyethanol. It is used as a preservative in fields such as cosmetics, household care, paints, metalworking fluids, disinfectants and vaccines, and as a solvent in ink and resin systems.
What does Protectol PE mean?
Protectol is the brand name BASF uses for its biocide products; the product with the PE code is based on phenoxyethanol. Its chemical name is 2-phenoxyethan-1-ol; its structure contains a benzene ring, an ether bond and a primary alcohol group.
What is the CAS number of Protectol PE?
It is 122-99-6. Blends such as Euxyl PE 9010, on the other hand, also carry the number 70445-33-9 for ethylhexylglycerin in addition to phenoxyethanol. The grade should also be stated in the order.
What is the EC / EINECS number of Protectol PE?
It is 204-589-7. In the EU harmonised classification it is registered under index number 603-098-00-9.
What is the chemical formula of Protectol PE?
It is C₈H₁₀O₂. The molecular weight is about 138.17 g/mol. Its structural representation is given as C₆H₅OCH₂CH₂OH or OCCOc1ccccc1.
What is the INCI name of Protectol PE?
It is Phenoxyethanol. The EU cosmetic database records its function as preservative. The existence of an INCI name does not mean it can be used without limit in every product.
Is Protectol PE used in cosmetics?
Phenoxyethanol is widely used in cosmetics. Because BASF presents Protectol PE for household, institutional and industrial use, grade and documents for cosmetic use should be confirmed with the supplier. Under the EU Cosmetics Regulation it is permitted as a preservative up to a maximum of 1.0%. It is found in creams, lotions, shampoos, liquid soaps, make-up and wet wipes.
What is the difference between Protectol PE and Euxyl PE 9010?
Protectol PE is a phenoxyethanol-based product. Euxyl PE 9010 is a blend containing about 90% phenoxyethanol and about 10% ethylhexylglycerin. Euxyl K 400 is also a separate product and contains methyldibromoglutaronitrile.
What is Protectol PE used for?
It is used as a preservative to prevent microbial spoilage, as a biocidal active substance in disinfectants, as a solvent and coalescent in paints and inks, and as a fragrance fixative in perfumery.
In which sectors is Protectol PE used?
It is used in cosmetics and personal care, household care and cleaning, paints and adhesives, metalworking fluids, disinfectants, vaccines and pharmaceuticals, and ink and textile fields. Grade and regulation differ in each sector.
How does Protectol PE act against microorganisms?
It increases the permeability of the cell membrane, causes leakage of potassium ions and disrupts energy metabolism. The effect is pronounced on bacteria; it is weaker against yeasts and molds, so it is mostly used together with a co-preservative.
What is Protectol PE good for?
It limits the growth of bacteria, yeast and mold in aqueous products and extends product shelf life. As a solvent it dissolves cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, dyes and resins and eases film formation in latex paints.
How does Protectol PE work in in-can preservation?
It dissolves in the aqueous phase of a water-based product and prevents the multiplication of bacteria that enter during production and use. It is stable over a wide pH range and compatible with other biocidal active substances. For heavy protection it is mostly chosen together with another biocide.
Is Protectol PE soluble in water?
Partly. About 24–30 g/L, i.e. about 2.4–3.0%, dissolves at 20–25 °C. It is miscible with ethanol, acetone, glycerol and propylene glycol.
How much Protectol PE is used in cosmetic products?
The upper limit in the EU is 1.0%. Typical use is in the range of 0.5–1%; in a survey of 43 products the average was found to be about 0.46%. The actual level should be determined by challenge testing.
Is Protectol PE a hazardous substance?
It is moderately hazardous. In the harmonised classification it is listed as harmful if swallowed, causing serious eye damage and irritating to the respiratory tract. It is not regarded as a dangerous good in transport; even so, goggles and gloves should be used and the product-specific SDS should be taken as the basis.
Why can Protectol PE cause serious eye damage?
When the undiluted liquid contacts the eye surface it affects the cornea; in rabbit studies the effects did not fully reverse in 21 days. On contact, the eyes should be rinsed with water for at least 15 minutes and a doctor consulted. This damage is not expected at cosmetic levels.
Is Protectol PE registered under REACH?
Supplier documents state that it is registered under REACH. The registration number, tonnage band and scope of use should be confirmed from the ECHA registered substances database and from the supplier. The situation under KKDİK in Türkiye should be checked separately.
What is the physical appearance of Protectol PE?
It is a colorless, clear, slightly viscous and oily liquid. Its odor is faint, aromatic or rose-like. Its relative density is about 1.105–1.110; it can solidify below 9–14 °C.
What is the UN number of Protectol PE?
It is reported not to be regulated as a dangerous good in transport, and no UN number has been assigned. Since this may change with product form and regulation, the current SDS should be checked for every shipment.
Why is free phenol important in Protectol PE?
Phenol is the raw material used in production and can remain in the product as a residue. Phenol has a higher potential for irritation and toxicity than phenoxyethanol; therefore the pharmacopoeial limit is at most 0.1% and 10 ppm is required in some specifications.
What does the price of Protectol PE depend on?
It varies with grade, purity, free phenol level, packaging, order quantity and transport conditions. The prices of the raw materials phenol and ethylene oxide are also influential. Pharmaceutical grade can be markedly more expensive than preservative or technical grade.
Is there an alternative to Protectol PE?
Yes. Ethylhexylglycerin, caprylyl glycol, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, parabens and, depending on the application, isothiazolinones can be evaluated. In the solvent role, glycol ethers can be chosen. None is interchangeable in every application.
How should Protectol PE be stored?
It should be stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, in its closed original packaging. It should be kept separate from strong oxidizers, acids and bases. If it solidifies, it can be gently warmed to 30–40 °C and mixed; it should not be heated directly.
Which documents should be requested when buying Protectol PE?
The SDS, TDS and a batch-specific certificate of analysis are the basic documents. Depending on the application, a quality declaration, European Pharmacopoeia conformity or CEP, and regulatory documents should also be requested.
Which technical specifications are important when buying Protectol PE?
Purity, free phenol, water content, color, relative density, refractive index, related substances and grade are important. Packaging, shelf life and batch consistency should also be asked about.
PROTECTOL PE – TECHNICAL SUMMARY
Chemical name: 2-Phenoxyethan-1-ol; phenoxyethanol
Common name: Protectol PE, Fenoksietanol, 2-Fenoksietanol, Fenoksietil Alkol, Etilen Glikol Monofenil Eter, Phenoxyethanol, 2-PE
CAS No: 122-99-6
EC / EINECS No: 204-589-7
Molecular formula: C₈H₁₀O₂
Molecular weight: 138.17 g/mol
Chemical class: Aromatic glycol ether; phenol ether; primary alcohol
Physical appearance: Colorless, clear, slightly viscous liquid; faint aromatic or rose-like odor
Key properties: Relative density about 1.105–1.110 (20 °C), refractive index about 1.537–1.539, melting / freezing point about 9–14 °C, boiling point about 237–247 °C, flash point about 119–133 °C, water solubility about 24–30 g/L, log Pow about 1.2
Main functions: Antimicrobial preservative, biocidal active substance, solvent, coalescent, fragrance fixative
Important application areas: Cosmetics and personal care, household care and cleaning, water-based paints and adhesives, metalworking fluids, disinfectants, vaccine and pharmaceutical preservative, ink and resin solvent
Critical parameters for quality control: Purity, free phenol, water content, color, relative density, refractive index, related substances, grade
Storage: In a cool, dry and ventilated area, in closed original packaging; take care over solidification and incompatible substances
Regulation: In the EU harmonised classification acute toxicity category 4 (H302), serious eye damage category 1 (H318) and specific target organ toxicity single exposure category 3 (H335); reported not to be regulated as a dangerous good in transport; maximum 1.0% in EU cosmetics; biocidal, pharmaceutical and paint preservation uses vary by country and product type; REACH and KKDİK status and permitted uses should be confirmed with the supplier and current regulation.
