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Pullulan is a water-soluble, linear homopolysaccharide of glucose that is produced extracellularly by certain strains of the Aureobasidium pullulans fungus.
This polysaccharide possesses adhesive properties and can be utilized to create strong, compression moldings, fibers, and oxygen-impermeable films.
In the food industry, pullulan films are frequently used as coating or packaging material for dried foods, as a binder for tobacco, plant fertilizers, and seed coatings, as a low-viscosity filler in sauces and beverages, as well as a stabilizer and binder in food pastes.
CAS: 9057-02-7
MF: C20H36O16
MW: 532.49024
EINECS: 232-945-1
Synonyms
Pullulan Standard 6μ000;Pullulan Standard 400μ000;Pullulan Standard 110μ000;Pullulan Standard 320;Pululan;PULLULAN STANDARD 340;pullulan from aureobasidium pullulans;Pullulan standard 100000
Additionally, this polysaccharide is often used to halt fungal growth in food.
As for pharmaceutical applications, pullulan is used as a denture adhesive and an ingredient in sugar-coated pharmaceutical compositions to prevent the development of brownish coloring. Finally, pullulan finds application in lotions, shampoos, and cosmetics.
A water-soluble polysaccharidecomposed of glucose unitsthat are polymerized in such a wayas to make it viscous and impermeableto oxygen.
Pullulan is used in adhesives, food packaging, andmoulded articles.
Pullulan is derived fromthe fungus Aureobasidium pullulans.
Pullulan Standards are mostly used to obtain molecular mass distribution of cellulosic samples.
Pullulan mainly consists of polymaltotriose units linked together by α-(1→6) linkages.
Pullulan is a biodegradable polysaccharide made by yeast fermentation, originally developed in Japan.
Pullulan's adhesive and oxygen impermeable properties enable it to be used to coat pharmaceutical products.
Pullulan is water soluble, odorless, and edible.
Pullulan is a polysaccharide consisting of maltotriose units, also known as α-1,4- ;α-1,6-glucan'.
Three glucose units in maltotriose are connected by an α-1,4 glycosidic bond, whereas consecutive maltotriose units are connected to each other by an α-1,6 glycosidic bond.
Pullulan is produced from starch by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. Pullulan is mainly used by the cell to resist desiccation and predation.
The presence of this polysaccharide also facilitates diffusion of molecules both into and out of the cell.
As an edible, mostly tasteless polymer, the chief commercial use of pullulan is in the manufacture of edible films that are used in various breath freshener or oral hygiene products such as Listerine Cool Mint of Johnson and Johnson (USA) and Meltz Super Thin Mints of Avery Bio-Tech Private Ltd. (India).
Pullulan and HPMC can also be used as a vegetarian substitute for drug capsules, rather than gelatine.
As a food additive, Pullulan is known by the E number E1204.
Pullulan has also been explored as a natural polymeric biomaterial used to fabricate injectable scaffolding for bone tissue engineering, cartilage tissue engineering, and intervertebral disc regeneration.
Pullulan is a glucan elaborated by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans.
The chemical structure is essentially repeating units of maltotriose joined by α-D-(1-6) linkages.
Pullulan dissolves readily in water to form a stable, viscous solution that does not gel.
The polysaccharide can be moulded, made into fibres and forms clear soluble films.
Applications are in foods as a low calorie ingredient and it can be used as a water soluble film.
Pullulan can also be used in industrial applications as a binder and film former and in pharmaceutical applications.
Pullulan is a polysaccharide polymer composed of maltotriose units linked by α-1,6-glycosidic bonds.
Pullulan is produced by the fermentation of starch by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans.
Pullulan is characterized by its water-solubility, film-forming ability, and biodegradability, making it a versatile substance in various applications.
Pullulan appears as a white to yellowish powder and is known for its low viscosity in solution, which allows for easy processing.
Pullulan exhibits excellent film-forming properties, leading to its use in food packaging, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, where it can serve as a coating or encapsulating agent. Additionally, Pullulan has been studied for its potential health benefits, including its role as a prebiotic and its ability to form edible films that can enhance food preservation.
Its non-toxic nature and compatibility with other substances further contribute to its appeal in both industrial and consumer products.
Overall, pullulan is valued for its functional properties and sustainability in various applications.
Pullulan is a glucan elaborated by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans.
The chemical structure is essentially repeating units of maltotriose joined by α-1,6 linkages.
Pullulan dissolves readily in water to form stable, viscous solutions that do not gel.
The polysaccharide can be moulded, made into fibres and forms clear soluble films. Applications are in foods as a low calorie ingredient and the polysaccharide forms water soluble films that have been used as seed coatings and to coat fruit.
Pullulan can also be used in industrial applications as a binder, film former and in pharmaceutical applications.
Average MW is typically 100-200kDa.
Viscosity is ca 120 mm2/s.
Pullulan Chemical Properties
Melting point: >248°C (dec.)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility H2O: 50 mg/mL, slightly hazy, colorless
form: Powder
color: White to Off-white
Odor: at 100.00%. odorless
Optical Rotation: +190
Water Solubility: water: 50mg/mL, colorless to very faintly yellow
Major Application:cleaning products
cosmetics
food and beverages
personal care
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: BINDING
FILM FORMING
EPA Substance Registry System: Pullulan (9057-02-7)
Pullulan is a white, tasteless, and odorless non-crystalline powder that dissolves easily in water and dimethylformamide, but not in alcohol, ether, or oil.
Pullulan's solution is viscous, stable, and neutral, with no gelling effect.
The viscosity of the solution is the same as that of gum arabic, and it has a very good thickening effect of salt resistance, enzyme resistance, heat resistance, and pH value change resistance.
Pullulan has strong film-forming properties, and the film formed after its aqueous solution is dried on a metal plate has strong gas barrier properties to oxygen and nitrogen.
Moreover, Pullulan is suitable for making water-soluble edible films and is compatible with other water-soluble polymers.
Uses
Pullulan has been used in a study to assess bone tissue engineering.
Pullulan has also been used in a study that investigated anti-fog applications.
Pullulan is a hemocompatible, nonimmunogenic, and noncarcinogenic agent.
In the food industry are mainly filler, edible, and tasteless polymers.
Furthermore, in pharmaceuticals and electronics pullulan is used in tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery systems, as a coating agent, and as a film- and fiber-forming agent, due to its excellent physicochemical properties.
Pullulan is the backbone of a polymeric system capable of forming hydrogels and nanogels.
These systems show potential applications in the preparation of green smart materials, biomimetics, biosensors, artificial muscles, drug delivery systems, and chemical separations. Pullulan-based nanosystems can act as carriers of different drugs.
Pullulan has been used as a carrier for oral, nasal, and lung transmucosal drug delivery systems because Pullulan is not attacked by the digestive enzymes in the human gut.
Production Methods
Pullulan is produced by fermentation from a food-grade hydrolyzed search with a non-toxin-producing strain of Aureobasidium pullulans.
After fermentation, the fungal biomass is removed by microfiltration, the filtrate is heat-sterilized, and pigments and other impurities are removed by adsorption and ion exchange chromatography.
The product contains not less than 90% glucan on a dried basis.
The main impurities from the starting material are mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides.
The average relative molecular mass of pullulan varies considerably depending on the conditions of the culture.
A commercially available product has an average relative molecular mass of 200 000 Da.
Biological Functions
Pullulan is a polysaccharide polymer that is derived from the Aureobasidium pullulans yeast and consists of D-Maltotriose units.
Pullulan is used as a binder and film former in a variety of formulation categories (skin, make-up, and hair).
Pullulan has been used in a study to assess bone tissue engineering.
Addition of pullulan has improved the elongation at break of gelatin based edible film when the amount was 50% (wt. %).
Structure and conformation
Pullulan is a naturally occurring, fungal polysaccharide produced by fermentation of liquefied corn starch by Aureobasidium pullulans, a ubiquitous yeast-likefungus.
Pullulan has a linear structure consisting predominantly of repeating maltotriose units, which are made up of three o-1,4-linked glucose molecules linked by a-1,6-glycosidic bonds.
The maltotriose units are interspersed with about 6% maltotetraose units consisting of four o-1,4-linked glucose molecules; rarely, branch points occur, at which poly-maltotriose side chains are attached to the main chain by a 1,3-glycosidic bond.
