RESOCHIN

Resochin is a widely known antimalarial medication that also plays an important role in the treatment of autoimmune conditions such as lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
By inhibiting heme polymerase in Plasmodium parasites, Resochin disrupts hemoglobin digestion and causes toxic heme accumulation, effectively killing the parasite.
Although its antimalarial use has declined due to resistance, Resochin remains relevant in chronic disease management and experimental research as a low-cost, orally active therapeutic.

CAS Number: 54-05-7
EC Number: 200-212-7
Molecular Formula: C18H26ClN3
Molecular Weight: 319.88 g/mol

Synonyms: Chloraquine, Chlorochin, Chloroquina, Chloroquinium, Chlorquin, Nivaquine, Aralen, Artrichin, Bipiquin, Malaquin, Quingamine, Reumachlor, Sanoquin, Roquine, RP 3377, Aralen, Chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine, 54-05-7, Aralen, Chlorochin, Chloraquine, Artrichin, Chloroquina, Chloroquinium, Capquin, Reumachlor, Chlorquin, Clorochina, Arthrochin, Chingamin, Gontochin, Bipiquin, Klorokin, Mesylith, Sanoquin, Trochin, Amokin, Nivaquine B, Bemaphate, Cloroquina, Khingamin, Resoquine, Chlorochine, Chloroquinum, Chlorochinum, RP 3377, CHEBI:3638, 4-N-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-1-N,1-N-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine, 7-Chloro-4-((4-(diethylamino)-1-methylbutyl)amino)quinoline, N4-(7-Chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine, NSC-187208, 886U3H6UFF, SN 7618, Arechine, DTXSID2040446, 7-Chloro-4-[[4-(diethylamino)-1-methylbutyl]amino]quinoline, Quinoline, 7-chloro-4-((4-(diethylamino)-1-methylbutyl)amino)-, 1,4-Pentanediamine, N(4)-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N(1),N(1)-diethyl-, Chingaminum, N(4)-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N(1),N(1)-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine, N'-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N,N-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine, Quinoline, 7-chloro-4-[[4-(diethylamino)-1-methylbutyl]amino]-, Sulfate, Chloroquine, Sulphate, Chloroquine, 7-chloro-N-(5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl)quinolin-4-amine, 7-CHLORO-N-[5-(DIETHYLAMINO)PENTAN-2-YL]QUINOLIN-4-AMINE, DTXCID0020446, P01BA01, 200-191-2, Chemochin, Bemaco, Bemasulph, Benaquin, Cidanchin, Cocartrit, Dichinalex, Heliopar, Iroquine, Lapaquin, Pfizerquine, Quinachlor, Quinercyl, Quinilon, Quinoscan, Silbesan, Solprina, Sopaquin, Tresochin, Elestol, Imagon, Malaren, Malarex, Neochin, Roquine, Siragan, Quingamine, Ronaquine, N4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N1,N1-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine, Avlochlor, Nivachine, Quinagamin, Quinagamine, Resochen, Resoquina, Reumaquin, Tanakan, WIN 244, 1,4-Pentanediamine, N4-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-, W 7618, {4-[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]pentyl}diethylamine, MFCD00024009, Chloroin, Miniquine, Rivoquine, Tanakene, Arolen, Gontochin phosphate, CHEMBL76, SN 6718, Ipsen 225, N(sup 4)-(7-Chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N(sup 1),N(sup 1)-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine, NSC187208, Chloroquine (VAN), Clorochina [DCIT], N4-(7-chloro-4-quinolyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-pentane-1,4-diamine, 3377 RP, CQ, 1,4-Pentanediamine, N(sup 4)-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N(sup 1),N(sup 1)-diethyl-, ST 21 (pharmaceutical), Chloroquinum [INN-Latin], Cloroquina [INN-Spanish], 1246815-14-4, 3377 RP opalate, Chloroquin, ST 21, C18H26ClN3, (+-)-Chloroquine, CCRIS 3439, HSDB 3029, Chloroquine (USP/INN), EINECS 200-191-2, {4-[(7-chloro(4-quinolyl))amino]pentyl}diethylamine, Malaquin (Diphosphate), NSC 187208, BRN 0482809, UNII-886U3H6UFF, Cloroquine, Chloroquine [USP:INN:BAN], Chloroquine, 17, Arechin (Salt/Mix), Delagil (Salt/Mix), Tanakan (Salt/Mix), RP-3377, Bemaphate (Salt/Mix), Resoquine (Salt/Mix), Chloroquine (Standard), Spectrum_000132, Chloroquine + Proveblue, CHLOROQUINE [MI], Prestwick0_000548, Prestwick1_000548, Prestwick2_000548, Prestwick3_000548, Spectrum2_000127, Spectrum3_000341, Spectrum4_000279, Spectrum5_000707, CHLOROQUINE [INN], (.+/-.)-Chloroquine, CHLOROQUINE [HSDB], Epitope ID:131785, MolMap_000009, CHLOROQUINE [VANDF], SCHEMBL8933, CHLOROQUINE [MART.], Lopac0_000296, BSPBio_000595, BSPBio_002001, CHLOROQUINE [WHO-DD], KBioGR_000778, KBioSS_000592, DivK1c_000404, CU-01000012392-2, SPBio_000174, SPBio_002516, GNF-Pf-4216, BPBio1_000655, GTPL5535, orb1298711, SCHEMBL29363614, BDBM22985, KBio1_000404, KBio2_000592, KBio2_003160, KBio2_005728, KBio3_001221, NINDS_000404, CHLOROQUINE [USP IMPURITY], HMS2090O03, HMS5087M13, HY-17589AR, CHLOROQUINE [USP MONOGRAPH], ALBB-025694, MSK11158, HY-17589A, s6999, SBB072644, AKOS015935106, CCG-204391, CS-W004760, DB00608, KH-0005, SB73098, SDCCGSBI-0050284.P005, IDI1_000404, SMP2_000034, NCGC00015256-02, NCGC00015256-03, NCGC00015256-04, NCGC00015256-05, NCGC00015256-06, NCGC00015256-07, NCGC00015256-08, NCGC00015256-09, NCGC00015256-10, NCGC00015256-13, NCGC00015256-17, NCGC00015256-28, NCGC00162120-01, DA-51857, FC150960, NCI60_000894, SY086904, WLN: T66 BNJ EMY1&3N2&2 IG, SBI-0050284.P004, AB00053436, C3730, CS-0021871, NS00001540, ST45028748, C07625, D02366, EN300-120683, MLS-0466768.0001, AB00053436-05, AB00053436_06, AB00053436_07, 1, N4-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-, Q422438, BRD-A91699651-065-01-1, BRD-A91699651-316-06-7, BRD-A91699651-316-09-1, BRD-A91699651-316-10-9, BRD-A91699651-316-11-7, n(sup4)-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-n(sup1),4-pentanediamine, quinoline, 7-chloro-4-(4-diethylamino-1-methyl)butylamino-, Quinoline, 7-chloro-4-(4-diethylamino-1-methyl-butylamino)-, N(4)-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N(1),N(1)-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine, N4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N1,N1-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine, 1,4-PENTANEDIAMINE, N(SUP 4)-(7-CHLORO-4-QUINOLINYL)-N(SUP 1),N (SUP 1)-DIETHYL-, 1,4-pentanediamine, N4-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-, phosphate (1:2), 7-Chloro-4-[[4-(diethylamino)-1-methylbutyl]amino]quinoline;(+/-)-Chloroquine, N(sup4)-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N(sup1),N(sup1)-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine, 117399-83-4

Resochin is a synthetic 4-aminoquinoline compound originally developed as an antimalarial drug and later recognized for its broad pharmacological profile.
Structurally, Resochin features a quinoline ring system with a side chain containing a terminal amine, a configuration that allows it to accumulate in acidic intracellular compartments such as lysosomes and the digestive vacuole of the malaria parasite Plasmodium.

By interfering with heme detoxification in the parasite, Resochin exerts potent antimalarial activity, and for decades it served as one of the most widely prescribed treatments for malaria prevention and therapy.
Beyond its antimalarial role, Resochin has been employed in the management of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus due to its immunomodulatory effects, particularly its ability to inhibit toll-like receptor signaling and antigen presentation.

In research settings, Resochinhas also been used as a lysosomotropic agent to study autophagy and intracellular trafficking.
Although resistance in Plasmodium falciparum has limited its efficacy in many regions, Resochin remains a significant drug in medicine and research, valued for its relatively low cost, oral availability, and wide range of biological activities.

Resochin is an antiparasitic medication that treats malaria.
Resochin works by increasing the levels of heme in the blood, a substance toxic to the malarial parasite.

Resochin was studied to treat COVID-19 early in the pandemic, but these studies were largely halted in the northern summer of 2020, and the NIH does not recommend its use for this purpose.
Resochin is a member of the drug class 4-aminoquinoline.

As an antimalarial, Resochin works against the asexual form of the malaria parasite in the stage of its life cycle within the red blood cell.
How Resochin works in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus is unclear.

Resochin was discovered in 1934 by Hans Andersag.
Resochin is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Resochin is available as a generic medication.
Resochin belongs to a group of medicines known as antimalarials.

Resochin works by preventing or treating malaria, a red blood cell infection transmitted by the bite of a mosquito.
However, this medicine is not used to treat severe or complicated malaria and to prevent malaria in areas or regions where Resochin is known not to work (resistance).

Resochin is a 4-aminoquinoline with antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and potential chemosensitization and radiosensitization activities.
Although the mechanism is not well understood, Resochin is shown to inhibit the parasitic enzyme heme polymerase that converts the toxic heme into non-toxic hemazoin, thereby resulting in the accumulation of toxic heme within the parasite.

Resochin may also interfere with the biosynthesis of nucleic acids.
Resochin's potential chemosensitizing and radiosensitizing activities in cancer may be related to its inhibition of autophagy, a cellular mechanism involving lysosomal degradation that minimizes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) related to tumor reoxygenation and tumor exposure to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation.

Resochin is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) that was first approved in 1949 and is indicated for malaria and has 24 investigational indications.
Resochin is an aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at position 7 by chlorine.

Resochin is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Resochin has a role as an antimalarial, an antirheumatic drug, a dermatologic drug, an autophagy inhibitor and an anticoronaviral agent.

Resochin is an aminoquinoline, a secondary amino compound, a tertiary amino compound and an organochlorine compound.
Resochin is a conjugate base of a Resochin(2+).
Resochin is an aminoquinolone derivative first developed in the 1940s for the treatment of malaria.

Resochin was the drug of choice to treat malaria until the development of newer antimalarials such as [pyrimethamine], [artemisinin], and [mefloquine].
Resochin and its derivative [hydroxyResochin] have since been repurposed for the treatment of a number of other conditions including HIV, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis.

The FDA emergency use authorization for [hydroxyResochin] and Resochin in the treatment of COVID-19 was revoked on 15 June 2020.
Resochin was granted FDA Approval on 31 October 1949.

Resochin is an Antimalarial.
Resochin has been reported in Cocos nucifera, Cinchona calisaya, and other organisms with data available.

Resochin is an antimalarial medicine.
Resochin is available in the United States by prescription only.

Resochin is sold under the brand name Aralen, and it is also sold as a generic medicine.
Resochin is available in tablets of two sizes: 150mg base (250mg salt) and 300mg base (500mg salt).

Resochinis just two different ways of describing the same thing.
Resochin can be prescribed for either prevention or treatment of malaria.

Resochin is a medication that treats and prevents malaria infections.
Malaria occurs after mosquitos deposit parasites into your body.
Resochin is, synthetic drug used in the treatment of malaria.

Resochin, discovered in 1934 and introduced into medicine in the 1940s, is a member of an important series of chemically related antimalarial agents, the quinoline derivatives.
Resochin is administered orally as Resochin phosphate.

Resochin also can be given by intramuscular injection as Resochin hydrochloride.
Resochin is effective against susceptible strains of the malarial parasites Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, and P. falciparum as well as certain parasitic worms and amoebas.

Resochin is a synthetic antimalarial medication that was first developed in 1934.
In addition to its antimalarial effects, Resochin has been used extensively in rheumatology and dermatology since the 1950s.
Despite its early successes, the use of Resochin has mostly been superseded by hydroxyResochin, a safer hydroxylated analogue, and its availability is now limited.

Resochin has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and may also have a photoprotective effect.
Resochin is an antiprotozoal agent belonging to the 4-aminoquinoline class of drugs, derived from the chemical quinoline, known for its antimalarial properties.

The precise mechanism of Resochin is not known.
Resochin may exert its effect against Plasmodium by accumulating inside the parasite’s acid vesicles which help digest blood, and inhibit the parasite’s ability to breakdown hemoglobin and draw nutrition for their survival and growth.

Resochin is effective only against the blood stage (erythrocytic) of the malarial parasite, and is ineffective against other stages including gametocyte and hypnozoite stages.
Other antimalarial therapies must be used in regions where the Plasmodium species have developed resistance to Resochin.

Resochin is effective against the trophozoite stage of E. histolytica.
Resochin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug.
Resochin is a prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood.

Resochin has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.
The mechanism of plasmodicidal action of Resochin is not completely certain.

Like other quinoline derivatives, Resochin is thought to inhibit heme polymerase activity.
This results in accumulation of free heme, which is toxic to the parasites.
Inside red blood cells, the malarial parasite must degrade hemoglobin to acquire essential amino acids, which the parasite requires to construct its own protein and for energy metabolism.

Digestion is carried out in a vacuole of the parasite cell.
During this process, the parasite produces the toxic and soluble molecule heme.
The heme moiety consists of a porphyrin ring called Fe(II)-protoporphyrin IX (FP).

Resochin then becomes protonated (to CQ2+), as the digestive vacuole is known to be acidic (pH 4.7); Resochin then cannot leave by diffusion.
Resochin caps hemozoin molecules to prevent further biocrystallization of heme, thus leading to heme buildup.

Resochin binds to heme (or FP) to form what is known as the FP-Resochin complex; this complex is highly toxic to the cell and disrupts membrane function.
Action of the toxic FP-Resochin and FP results in cell lysis and ultimately parasite cell autodigestion.

In essence, the parasite cell drowns in Resochin's own metabolic products.
The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood.

Resochin has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.
Resochin is a drug belonging to the pharmacological family of amino-4-quinolines.

Resochin mainly treats malaria, but is also a treatment for various autoimmune inflammatory diseases (such as Lupus or Rheumatoid Arthritis).
Resochin is a chemical substitute for quinine, an alkaloid substance of plant origin made from extracts of cinchona which comes from the bark of the cinchona tree.

This tree, which is native to Peru in high altitudes (Andes Cordillera).
Resochin's therapeutic properties (especially antipyretics) have been known since as early as the 17th century.

Market Overview of Resochin:
The global Resochin market has experienced significant shifts over the past decades, shaped by its role in infectious disease management, autoimmune therapies, and biomedical research.
Historically, Resochin dominated the antimalarial drug market due to its low cost, easy oral administration, and high effectiveness against Plasmodium falciparum before widespread resistance emerged.

Today, while its clinical use in malaria is restricted to regions where resistance remains low, Resochin continues to hold medical importance in the treatment of autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis, where long-term therapy improves patient outcomes.
The COVID-19 pandemic temporarily boosted global demand for Resochin and hydroxyResochin, though subsequent clinical evidence limited their recommended use.

Regionally, Africa and Asia-Pacific remain key markets due to ongoing malaria prevalence, while North America and Europe sustain demand through autoimmune and research applications.
Looking ahead, the market is expected to remain stable, supported by Resochin's established role in chronic disease therapy and experimental biomedical uses, while research into safer derivatives and novel applications continues.

Uses of Resochin:
Resochin is used off-label for certain autoimmune disorders.
Resochin also accumulates inside organelles of human immune cells, which prevents the proliferation of inflammatory T helper cells and the presentation of unique proteins (antigens) that autoimmune antibodies recognize and attack in autoimmune disorders.

Resochin is used to prevent and treat malaria.
Resochin is also used to treat liver infection caused by protozoa (extraintestinal amebiasis).

Do not take any medicine that contains Resochin unless prescribed by your doctor.
Resochin is also occasionally used for amebiasis that is occurring outside the intestines, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythematosus.
Resochin is an aminoquinoline used for the prevention and therapy of malaria.

Resochin is also effective in extraintestinal amebiasis and as an antiinflammatory agent for therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus.
Resochin is not associated with serum enzyme elevations and is an extremely rare cause of clinically apparent acute liver injury.

Resochin is also used in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases, such as lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Resochin is closely related to hydroxyResochin, another type of quinoline derivative.
Resochin is used to treat or prevent malaria infections.

Resochin is also used to treat amebiasis.
Resochin may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.

Resochin is used to treat or prevent malaria, a disease caused by parasites that enter the body through the bite of a mosquito.
Resochin is not effective against all strains of malaria, or against malaria in areas where the infection has been resistant to a similar drug called hydroxyResochin.

Resochin is also used to treat amebiasis (infection caused by amoebae).
Resochin may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Resochin is a 4‑aminoquinoline derivative first developed in the 1940s, primarily used as an antimalarial agent—effective against Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and susceptible P. falciparum.

Resochin’s also used to treat extra‑intestinal amebiasis, and off‑label for rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus.
Resochin was once considered for COVID‑19 treatment, but emergency use authorizations were revoked by mid‑2020.

Medical Uses:

Malaria:
Resochin has been used in the treatment and prevention of malaria from Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae.
Resochin is generally not used for Plasmodium falciparum as there is widespread resistance to it.

Resochin has been extensively used in mass drug administrations, which may have contributed to the emergence and spread of resistance.
Resochin is recommended to check if Resochin is still effective in the region prior to using it.

In areas where resistance is present, other antimalarials, such as mefloquine or atovaquone, may be used instead.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend against treatment of malaria with Resochin alone due to more effective combinations.

Amebiasis:
In treatment of amoebic liver abscess, Resochin may be used instead of or in addition to other medications in the event of failure of improvement with metronidazole or another nitroimidazole within five days or intolerance to metronidazole or a nitroimidazole.

Rheumatic Disease:
As Resochin mildly suppresses the immune system, Resochin is used in some autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and has an off-label indication for lupus erythematosus.
Resochin is an antimalarial drug used to treat susceptible infections with P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. falciparum.

Resochin is also used for second line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
Resochin is an aminoquinolone derivative first developed in the 1940s for the treatment of malaria.

Resochin was the drug of choice to treat malaria until the development of newer antimalarials such as pyrimethamine, artemisinin, and mefloquine.
Resochin and its derivative hydroxyResochin have since been repurposed for the treatment of a number of other conditions including HIV, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Applications of Resochin:

Antimalarial Therapy:
Resochin traditionally used for malaria prophylaxis and treatment, particularly effective against Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae.

Autoimmune Disease Management:
Resochin employed as a disease-modifying agent for lupus and rheumatoid arthritis due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.

Antiviral & Anticancer Research:
Investigated as an adjunct therapy in viral infections and in oncology, especially for its ability to modulate autophagy in tumor cells.

Biomedical Research Tool:
Resochin is used experimentally as a lysosomotropic agent to inhibit autophagy, study lysosomal function, and explore intracellular drug delivery mechanisms.

Benefits of Resochin:

Proven Therapeutic Value:
Resochin has decades of clinical use, demonstrating strong efficacy in malaria treatment (before resistance) and in managing chronic autoimmune conditions like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Resochin's long-standing presence in healthcare makes it a well-characterized, reliable, and cost-effective option.

Immunomodulatory Properties:
Beyond its antimalarial role, Resochin provides significant benefit in reducing inflammation and modulating the immune system, improving patient quality of life in autoimmune disorders.

Versatility Across Disciplines:
Resochin’s lysosomotropic activity makes it highly valuable in biomedical research, particularly in studying autophagy, intracellular trafficking, and novel drug delivery strategies.

Global Accessibility & Affordability:
As a relatively inexpensive, orally bioavailable drug, Resochin remains accessible in low- and middle-income countries, ensuring continued relevance in public health strategies.

Innovation Potential:
Ongoing research explores Resochin and its derivatives as adjunct therapies in oncology, virology, and nanomedicine, highlighting its potential for new medical applications.

Production and Synthesis of Resochin:

Industrial Production:
Resochin is typically manufactured through multi-step organic synthesis using cost-effective intermediates.
The process usually starts with 4,7-dichloroquinoline, a halogenated quinoline derivative that forms the drug’s core structure.

This intermediate undergoes nucleophilic substitution with a side chain amine, most often derived from diethylaminoalkylamine derivatives, to form the final Resochin base or its phosphate salt.
Industrial production emphasizes high yield, purity, and scalability, often using optimized catalysts and solvents to minimize by-products and reduce costs.

Laboratory Synthesis:

In research settings, Resochin can be synthesized via:

Skraup Synthesis Pathway:
Building the quinoline ring system through condensation of aniline derivatives with glycerol and oxidizing agents.

Side-Chain Attachment:
Introducing the 4-diethylamino-1-methylbutyl side chain via alkylation or reductive amination, followed by coupling with the quinoline nucleus.

Salt Formation:
Conversion of Resochin base into Resochin diphosphate or sulfate salts for clinical use, enhancing solubility and bioavailability.

Quality Control:
Final products undergo stringent purity checks using HPLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry to confirm structure and absence of toxic impurities.
Stability testing ensures the compound remains effective during long-term storage under varying climatic conditions.

Modern Developments:
Advances in green chemistry are being explored to improve Resochin synthesis by reducing hazardous solvents and improving atom efficiency.
Alternative synthetic routes are under research to support low-cost, sustainable production in malaria-endemic regions.

History of Resochin:

Early Roots (1930s–1940s):
Resochin traces its origins to the German dye and chemical industry, where scientists were investigating synthetic quinoline derivatives as antimalarial agents.
In 1934, Hans Andersag and colleagues at Bayer synthesized Resochin, but it was initially dismissed as too toxic compared to other candidates.

Rediscovery During World War II:
With the Japanese occupation of cinchona-producing regions (the natural source of quinine), the search for synthetic alternatives intensified.
During the war, U.S. researchers re-examined Resochin and found that with proper dosing it was both safe and highly effective, making it a frontline treatment for malaria in soldiers.

Post-War Adoption (1950s–1970s):
Following World War II, Resochin became the standard global antimalarial drug, distributed widely under programs by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Resochin was affordable, orally available, and offered both treatment and prophylaxis, leading to its reputation as a “wonder drug” against malaria.

Emergence of Resistance (Late 20th Century):
By the late 1950s and 1960s, resistance in Plasmodium falciparum emerged in Southeast Asia and South America, later spreading to Africa.
This significantly reduced Resochin’s effectiveness, leading to the development and adoption of alternative drugs such as mefloquine, artemisinin, and combination therapies.

Expanded Medical Use:
Even as its antimalarial dominance declined, Resochin gained new life in autoimmune disease treatment, particularly rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Resochin's immunomodulatory properties allowed long-term management of chronic conditions.

21st Century Research & Controversies:
Resochin and its derivative hydroxyResochin attracted global attention during the COVID-19 pandemic as potential antiviral agents.
While early studies suggested possible benefits, larger clinical trials revealed limited or no efficacy, leading to regulatory caution.
Nevertheless, these events highlighted Resochin’s enduring scientific relevance.

Present Role:
Today, Resochin remains in use in regions where Plasmodium falciparum resistance is low, as well as in the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
Resochin also continues to serve as an important research tool in cell biology, particularly in autophagy and lysosomal function studies.

Handling and Storage of Resochin:

Handling:
Work in a fume hood or well-ventilated area.
Avoid dust/aerosol generation.

Do not breathe dust; avoid skin and eye contact; avoid ingestion.
Use closed transfers where possible.

Storage:
Keep tightly closed in original, clearly labeled container.
Store cool, dry, and away from light (amber or opaque packaging preferred).
Protect from moisture and incompatible materials.
Segregate from food/feeds.

Hygiene:
Wash hands/forearms after handling; no eating, drinking, or smoking in work area.

Stability and Reactivity of Resochin:

Stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids/bases, nitrites/nitrates, and reactive halogenating agents.

Hazardous decomposition products (fire/thermal):
CO, CO₂, NOₓ, hydrogen chloride/phosphoric acid fumes (depending on salt), and other irritating/ toxic vapors.

Reactivity:
Not self-reactive; may react with strong oxidants.
Avoid excessive heat, UV, and humidity.

First Aid Measures of Resochin:

General:
Remove victim from exposure.
Seek medical advice if symptoms occur or persist.
Show this information/SDS to the clinician.

Inhalation (dust/aerosol):
Move to fresh air; keep at rest and warm.
If symptoms (cough, throat irritation, dizziness) persist, get medical attention.

Skin contact:
Remove contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with soap and water for ≥15 min.
Seek medical attention if irritation or systemic effects occur.

Eye contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for ≥15 min, lifting upper/lower lids.
Remove contact lenses if easy.
Obtain medical attention.

Ingestion:
Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Get urgent medical care due to potential systemic toxicity.

Notes for clinicians (info only):
Monitor for GI upset, CNS effects, cardiovascular disturbances (e.g., conduction changes), and hypoglycemia; treat supportively per local protocols.

Firefighting Measures of Resochin:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water spray/fog, dry chemical, foam, or CO₂.

Specific hazards:
Combustible solid; dust may form combustible dust clouds.
Thermal decomposition can release toxic/irritant gases.

Protective equipment:
Firefighters to wear SCBA and full protective gear.
Cool exposed containers with water spray.

Accidental Release Measures of Resochin:

Personal precautions:
Evacuate non-essential personnel.
Avoid dust; ensure adequate ventilation.
Wear appropriate PPE.

Small spills:
Carefully sweep or HEPA-vacuum to prevent dust; avoid dry brushing that raises dust clouds.
Place in a clean, labeled container for recovery or disposal.

Large spills:
Isolate area; prevent entry to drains/soil.
Lightly mist to suppress dust if compatible.
Collect mechanically; place in sealed drums.

Decontamination:
Wipe residues with damp disposable towels and mild detergent.
Dispose of cleanup materials as hazardous waste per regulations.

Exposure Controls / Personal Protective of Resochin:

Engineering controls:
Use fume hood or local exhaust; enclose processes.
Provide eyewash and safety shower.

Respiratory protection:
If ventilation is inadequate or dust/aerosol may be present, use a NIOSH/EN-approved P3/N100 particulate respirator (or equivalent).

Eye/face:
Safety goggles (EN166/ANSI Z87.1); face shield for bulk handling.

Skin/Hands:
Nitrile gloves (change regularly); lab coat or chemical-resistant clothing.
For bulk/industrial handling, consider sleeve/forearm protection.

Environmental:
Prevent releases to waterways; collect and dispose per local environmental regulations.

Identifiers of Resochin:
IUPAC name: N′-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N,N-diethyl-pentane-1,4-diamine
Molecular formula: C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃
Molecular weight: 319.88 g/mol
CAS Number: 54-05-7
EC Number (EINECS): 200-212-7
UNII (FDA): 886U3H6UFF
PubChem CID: 2719
DrugBank ID: DB00608
ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL20

IUPAC Name: N′-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N,N-diethyl-pentane-1,4-diamine
Molecular Formula: C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃
Molecular Weight: 319.88 g/mol
CAS Number: 54-05-7
EC Number (EINECS): 200-212-7
PubChem CID: 2719
DrugBank ID: DB00608
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:3638
ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL20
UNII (FDA): 886U3H6UFF
KEGG ID: D00293
InChI: InChI=1S/C18H26ClN3/c1-4-22(5-2)13-8-12-21-17-10-6-7-15-14(17)11-16(19)18-9-3-...
InChIKey: HSLSYJGGJFPSNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CCN(CC)CCCCNC1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N=C1Cl

CAS Number: 54-05-7 (free base) / 50-63-5 (phosphate salt)
EC Number: 200-055-2 (Resochin phosphate)
Molecular Formula: C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃
Molecular Weight: ~319.87 g/mol (free base)
IUPAC Name: N⁴-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N¹,N¹-diethyl-pentane-1,4-diamine (aka N'-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N,N-diethyl-1,4-pentane-diamine)
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder (bitter taste), odourless
Melting Point: ~87–92 °C
Solubility: Very slightly soluble in water; soluble in organic solvents

Properties of Resochin:
Appearance: White to light yellow crystalline solid or powder
Odor: Odorless
Molecular Formula: C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃
Molecular Weight: 319.88 g/mol
Physical State: Solid (crystalline)
Melting Point: ~87–89 °C
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Density: ~1.19 g/cm³
LogP (Partition coefficient): ~4.6 (lipophilic)
pKa Values:
pKa₁ ≈ 8.1 (protonated amine)
pKa₂ ≈ 10.2 (secondary amine)
Solubility:
Very soluble in chloroform, ethanol, methanol
Sparingly soluble in water (≈0.06 g/L at 25 °C)
Stability: Stable under normal conditions but photosensitive; decomposes under strong UV light
Hygroscopicity: Slightly hygroscopic
Flammability: May burn but not highly flammable

XLogP3: ~4.27 (lipophilicity)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: ~8
Topological Polar Surface Area: ~28.16 Ų
Exact Mass: 319.1815 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 319.1815 Da
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Complexity: 309
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Chemical Class: 4-aminoquinoline derivative
IUPAC Name: N’-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N,N-diethyl-pentane-1,4-diamine
CAS Number: 54-05-7
Color/Form: White to pale yellow crystalline powder
Taste: Bitter
Odor: Odorless
Crystal System: Monoclinic (for diphosphate salt)
Molecular Weight: 319.88 g/mol