PRODUCTS

RESVERATROL

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin.
Resveratrol is a stilbenoid, a derivate of stilbene, and is produced in plants with the help of the enzyme stilbene synthase.

CAS Number: 501-36-0
EC Number: 200-566-2
Molecular Formula: C₁₄H₁₂O₃

SYNONYMS:
Trans-Resveratrol, 3,5,4'-Trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, 5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol, Natural Resveratrol, Resveratrol Standard, Cis-Resveratrol, Z-Resveratrol, 5-[(E)-2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethen-1-yl]benzene-1,3-diol, trans-3,5,4′-Trihydroxystilbene, 3,4′,5-Stilbenetriol, (E)-5-(p-Hydroxystyryl)resorcinol, (E)-5-(4-hydroxystyryl)benzene-1,3-diol, resveratrol, 501-36-0, trans-resveratrol, 3,4',5-Trihydroxystilbene, (E)-5-(4-Hydroxystyryl)benzene-1,3-diol, 3,5,4'-Trihydroxystilbene, (E)-resveratrol, Resvida, 3,4',5-Stilbenetriol, 5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol, 3,4',5-Trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, Biofort, Cuspidatin, 5-[(1E)-2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3-benzenediol, SRT-501, (E)-5-(p-Hydroxystyryl)resorcinol, Resveratrol p 5, SRT501, SRT 501, Resveratrol(e)-form, 3,5,4'-Trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, Melinjo resveratrol 20, CHEBI:45713, Srt 501m, trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene, 5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)vinyl]benzene-1,3-diol, NSC 327430, NSC-327430, trans-1,2-(3,4',5-Trihydroxydiphenyl)ethylene, CCRIS 8952, 5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol, DTXSID4031980, UNII-Q369O8926L, HSDB 7571, Resveratrol (Standard), 5-((1E)-2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)-1,3-benzenediol, Ca 1201, C14H12O3, 1,3-Benzenediol, 5-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)-, (E)-, 1,3-Benzenediol, 5-[(1E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-, BIA 6-512, BIA-6-512, MFCD00133799, NSC327430, CHEMBL165, Q369O8926L, (E)-5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3-benzendiol, MLS000069735, 133294-37-8, DTXCID2011980, CHEBI:27881, trans-3,4',5 - trihydroxystilbene, SMR000058206, RESVERATROL (MART.), RESVERATROL [MART.], 1,3-Benzenediol, 5-((E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)-, Resveratol, TRANS-RESVERATROL (USP-RS), TRANS-RESVERATROL [USP-RS], 5-((E)-2-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)-ETHENYL) BENZENE-1,3 DIOL, trans Resveratrol, 3,4',5-trihydroxy-stilbene, Resveratrol, natural, 5-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)benzene-1,3-diol, SR-01000000163, 5-((E)-2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)vinyl)benzene-1,3-diol, 1,3-Benzenediol, 5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-, Jotrol, 3fts, 4jaz, 4qer, Resveratrol, E-, Resveratrol,(S), KUC104385N, Stilbene, 2f, TaxusChinensisiRehd, NCGC00015894-02, CAS-501-36-0, STL, Prestwick_619, Resveratrol, trans-, (E)-5-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)-1,3-benzenediol, KSC-10-164, Resveratrol, synthetic, RM-1812, Opera_ID_586, RESVERATROL [MI], Prestwick2_000508, Prestwick3_000508, Spectrum5_000552, RESVERATROL [HSDB], R 5010, RESVERATROL [VANDF], 1,3-Benzenediol, 5-[(1Z)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-, Lopac0_001111, REGID_for_CID_6240, SCHEMBL19425, BSPBio_000435, BSPBio_001114, BSPBio_003461, RESVERATROL [WHO-DD], MLS001055357, MLS001076538, MLS001424228, MLS002207121, MLS002222231, SPECTRUM1502223, CU-01000001503-3, BPBio1_000479, cid_445154, GTPL8741, SGCUT00007, Resveratrol, analytical standard, REGID_for_CID_445154, BDBM23926, Resveratrol, >=99% (HPLC), AMY5760, 2l98, BCPP000091, HMS1362H15, HMS1569F17, HMS1792H15, HMS1921N04, HMS1990H15, HMS2052I09, HMS2096F17, HMS2232A18, HMS3263O04, HMS3403H15, HMS3412O14, HMS3649A20, HMS3676O14, BCP01416, to_000079, Tox21_110257, Tox21_201374, Tox21_303376, Tox21_501111, AC-727, BBL028252, CCG-38874, HB4055, HY-16561R, LMPK13090005, s1396, STL146386, AKOS005720936, Tox21_110257_1, CS-1050, DB02709, KS-5047, LP01111, NC00349, SDCCGMLS-0002998.P003, SDCCGSBI-0051080.P003, IDI1_002152, NCGC00017352-05, NCGC00017352-06, NCGC00017352-07, NCGC00017352-08, NCGC00017352-09, NCGC00017352-10, NCGC00017352-11, NCGC00017352-12, NCGC00017352-13, NCGC00017352-14, NCGC00017352-15, NCGC00017352-16, NCGC00017352-17, NCGC00017352-18, NCGC00017352-19, NCGC00017352-24, NCGC00017352-31, NCGC00017352-37, NCGC00017352-39, NCGC00024003-00, NCGC00024003-04, NCGC00024003-05, NCGC00024003-06, NCGC00024003-07, NCGC00024003-08, NCGC00024003-09, NCGC00024003-10, NCGC00024003-11, NCGC00024003-12, NCGC00024003-13, NCGC00024003-14, NCGC00257465-01, NCGC00258925-01, NCGC00261796-01, trans-Resveratrol , SRT 501, 1ST40018, AS-12413, HY-16561, CS-0694771, EU-0101111, R0071, Resveratrol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, SW196786-4, trans [2,5,4'-trihydroxydiphenyl] ethylene, C03582, N88795, 5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)vinyl]-1,3-benzenediol, AB00052942-29, AB00052942_31, trans-Resveratrol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, Q407329, 5-[(E)-2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)vinyl

Resveratrol is a phytoalexin, which means it is a protective antibiotic produced in plants under stress, whether due to fungal attack, drought, ultraviolet irradiation, or inflammation.
Resveratrol helps the plants to fight back and maintain health.

Resveratrol is one of the substances that the body needs.
Because resveratrol is a complete antioxidant source.
Resveratrol contributes greatly to the renewal and health of the body.

In addition, resveratrol is a phytoalexin, which is an antimicrobial and antifungal compound found in many plants.
Resveratrol is a polyphenol, a naturally occurring highly powerful antioxidant.
Although you can find it in peanuts, blueberries and cranberries, Resveratrol’s most prominent in the skin of grapes and shines through in natural grape juice and red wine.

Red wine is fermented with grape skins, so it contains resveratrol.
There is some resveratrol in white wine, but red wine contains three to 10 times more resveratrol compared to white wine.
Resveratrol is a bioactive molecule found in plant sources such as grapes, peanuts, blueberries, and, famously, red wine.

Resveratrol has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that benefit cardiovascular function, glycemic control, and lipid metabolism.
Resveratrol is a compound in plants such as grapes, peanuts, and blueberries.
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin.

Resveratrol is a stilbenoid, a derivate of stilbene, and is produced in plants with the help of the enzyme stilbene synthase.
Resveratrol exists as cis-(Z) and trans-(E) isomers.
The trans- form can undergo isomerisation to the cis- form when heated or exposed to ultraviolet irradiation.

In a 2004 issue of Science, Dr. Sinclair of Harvard University said resveratrol is not an easy molecule to protect from oxidation.
It has been claimed that Resveratrol is readily degraded by exposure to light, heat, and oxygen.
However, studies find that Trans-resveratrol undergoes negligible oxidation in normal atmosphere at room temperature.

Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) belongs to a class of polyphenolic compounds called stilbenes.
Certain plants produce resveratrol and other stilbenoids in response to stress, injury, fungal infection, or ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Resveratrol is a fat-soluble compound that occurs in both trans and cis molecular configurations.

Both cis- and trans-resveratrol also occur as glucosides, i.e., bound to a glucose molecule.
One major resveratrol derivative is resveratrol-3-O-β-glucoside, also called piceid.
Since the early 1990s, when the presence of resveratrol in red wine was established, the scientific community has been exploring the effects of resveratrol on health.

Specifically, it was postulated that resveratrol intake via moderate red wine consumption might help explain the fact that French people have a relatively low incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in spite of consuming foods high in saturated fat, a phenomenon dubbed the “French Paradox”.
Since then, reports on the potential for resveratrol to prevent cancer, delay the development of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, and extend lifespan in experimental models have continued to generate scientific interest

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound naturally found in peanuts, grapes, red wine, and some berries.
When taken orally, resveratrol is well absorbed by humans, but its bioavailability is relatively low because it is rapidly metabolized and eliminated.
In preclinical studies, resveratrol has been shown to possess numerous biological activities, which could possibly be applied to the prevention and/or treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases.

The presence of resveratrol in red wine was initially thought to be responsible for red wine’s beneficial cardiovascular effects.
Yet, there is currently no evidence that the content of resveratrol in red wine confers any additional risk reduction beyond that attributed to the alcohol content and to other wine polyphenols.

In randomized controlled trials, short-term supplementation with resveratrol significantly improved glucose and lipid metabolic disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Resveratrol is a stilbenol that is stilbene in which the phenyl groups are substituted at positions 3, 5, and 4' by hydroxy groups.

Resveratrol has a role as a phytoalexin, an antioxidant, a glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor and a geroprotector.
Resveratrol is a stilbenol, a polyphenol and a member of resorcinols.
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin.

Resveratrol is a plant polyphenol found in high concentrations in red grapes that has been proposed as a treatment for hyperlipidemia and to prevent fatty liver, diabetes, atherosclerosis and aging.
Resveratrol use has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations or with clinically apparent liver injury.

Resveratrol has been reported in Humulus lupulus, Malus, and other organisms with data available.
Resveratrol is a phytoalexin derived from grapes and other food products with antioxidant and potential chemopreventive activities.

Resveratrol induces phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (anti-initiation activity); mediates anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits cyclooxygenase and hydroperoxidase functions (anti-promotion activity); and induces promyelocytic leukemia cell differentiation (anti-progression activity), thereby exhibiting activities in three major steps of carcinogenesis.

Resveratrol may inhibit TNF-induced activation of NF-kappaB in a dose- and time-dependent manner. (NCI05)
Resveratrol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
A stilbene and non-flavonoid polyphenol produced by various plants including grapes and blueberries.

Resveratrol has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic properties.
Resveratrol also inhibits platelet aggregation and the activity of several DNA HELICASES in vitro.
Resveratrol is a class of plant micronutrients called polyphenols.

Polyphenols are organic chemicals that plants make to survive drought or attack from disease.
These compounds are found in plant foods and have a variety of health benefits.
Resveratrol is found in peanuts, berries, and grapes. Resveratrol is also found in red wine in higher amounts.

Resveratrol, found in the skin and seeds of red grapes, is a substance that provides the antioxidant effect of red grapes.
Plants produce resveratrol when they are stressed by natural conditions.
The discovery of resveratrol and the first studies began in 1976 by researchers Langcake and Pryce in the vine leaf (Vitis Vinifera).

Later, large amounts of resveratrol were also detected in the roots of the medicinal plant (Poligonum Capsidatum) known as Kojo-kon in Japan.
Studies on resveratrol have provided extensive information about its health benefits.
The powerful antioxidant properties of resveratrol found in grape skins are 50 times greater than vitamin E and 30 times greater than vitamin C.

Resveratrol is an important activator of the sirtuin (SIRT-silent information regulator) protein and gene family.
Sirtuins are thought to play an important role in the treatment of type II diabetes, obesity, cancer, aging and various neurodegenerative diseases.
Resveratrol is a plant compound with antioxidant- like properties derived from red grapes .

Resveratrol is also found in products made from red grapes, such as wine and juice.
Resveratrol is a compound belonging to the stilbenoid group of polyphenols, consisting of two phenol rings connected by an ethylene bridge.
Resveratrol’s found in over 70 species of plants, especially in the skins and seeds of red grapes .

Resveratrol is also a phytoalexin , a protective antibiotic that plants produce under stress .
Phytoalexin is what helps plants survive fungal attacks, ultraviolet radiation, and other threatening conditions.
The human body metabolizes Resveratrol rapidly.

Resveratrol is fat-soluble and has been the subject of numerous scientific studies with claims that it has anticancer, antioxidant and estrogenic effects.
Resveratrol is a chemical mostly found in red grapes and products made from these grapes (wine, juice).
Resveratrol may be helpful for hay fever and weight loss.

Resveratrol might have many effects in the body, including expanding blood vessels and reducing blood clotting.
Resveratrol may also decrease pain and swelling, reduce levels of sugar in the blood, and help the body fight against disease.
Resveratrol is most commonly used for high cholesterol, cancer, heart disease, and many other conditions.

But there is no strong evidence to support resveratrol for any use.
Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol or polyphenol and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or when the plant is under attack by pathogens, such as bacteria or fungi.
Sources of resveratrol in food include the skin of grapes, blueberries, raspberries, mulberries, and peanuts.

USES and APPLICATIONS of RESVERATROL:
Resveratrol, which is found in products made from red grapes such as wine and fruit juice, is also used in some skin care products.
Resveratrol, which has a strong antioxidant effect, is also preferred by many people as a health-enhancing food supplement.

Resveratrol’s popularly known for its presence in red wine — which is also used as a possible explanation for the phenomenon called the “French Paradox”, which refers to the low incidence of cardiovascular disease among the French population despite their high intake of dietary fat.

This low disease incidence was thought to be attributed to their intake of red wine.
Resveratrol has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties to protect you against diseases like cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease.
The anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol make it a good remedy for arthritis, and skin inflammation.

Also, resveratrol has antibacterial and antifungal properties that help treat infections of the urinary and digestive tracts.
Many people use Resveratrol as a health-boosting supplement.
Some scientific studies have linked Resveratrol to potential health benefits, such as improved brain health and blood pressure.

Resveratrol also has some notable side effects.
Although commonly used as a dietary supplement and studied in laboratory models of human diseases, there is no high-quality evidence that resveratrol improves lifespan or has a substantial effect on any human disease.

-Dietary Supplements uses of Resveratrol:
*Antioxidant: Resveratrol protects cells from oxidative stress.
*Anti-Aging: Resveratrol may activate sirtuins, proteins linked to longevity.
*Metabolic Health: Resveratrol supports insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.

-Pharmaceutical Industry uses of Resveratrol:
*Cardiovascular Health: Resveratrol reduces inflammation and prevents oxidation of LDL cholesterol.
*Neuroprotection: Resveratrol protects against neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
*Cancer Research: Resveratrol inhibits cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis in various cancer types.

-Cosmetics and Skincare uses of Resveratrol
*Anti-Aging Products: Resveratrol is incorporated into creams and serums to reduce wrinkles and improve skin elasticity.
*Skin Protection: Resveratrol shields skin from UV damage and environmental stressors.

-Agriculture uses of Resveratrol:
*Natural Pesticide: Resveratrol is utilized for its antifungal and antibacterial properties.
E. Food and Beverages
*Natural Preservative: Resveratrol extends shelf life and preserves quality of food products.

BENEFITS OF RESVERATROL:
*Antioxidant Properties
Resveratrol neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress.
Benefit:
Resveratrol protects against cellular damage and chronic diseases.

*Cardiovascular Health
Resveratrol lowers LDL cholesterol and prevents plaque formation in arteries.
Benefit:
Resveratrol reduces risk of heart disease and stroke.

*Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Resveratrol inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Benefit: Alleviates symptoms of inflammatory conditions like arthritis.

*Neuroprotective Effects
Resveratrol protects neuronal cells from damage.
Benefit:
Resveratrol may reduce risk of neurodegenerative diseases.

*Anti-Cancer Potential
Resveratrol inhibits growth of cancer cells and induces apoptosis.
Benefit:
Potential complementary treatment in cancer therapy.

*Anti-Aging
Resveratrol activates sirtuins linked to increased lifespan.
Benefit:
Resveratrol may slow down aging processes.

*Metabolic Health
Resveratrol enhances insulin sensitivity and regulates blood sugar levels.
Benefit:
Resveratrol assists in managing diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

*Skin Health
Resveratrol improves skin hydration and elasticity.
Benefit:
Resveratrol maintains youthful and healthy-looking skin.

ACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF RESVERATROL:
The primary bioactive compound, Resveratrol, is responsible for most of its health benefits.

MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF RESVERATROL:
*Antioxidant Activity
Mechanism:
Scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), preventing cellular damage.
Impact:
Resveratrol reduces oxidative stress and lowers risk of chronic diseases.

*Activation of Sirtuins
Mechanism:
Activates SIRT1, a protein that regulates cellular processes related to aging and metabolism.
Impact:
Resveratrol promotes longevity and metabolic health.

*Anti-Inflammatory Pathways
Mechanism:
Resveratrol inhibits the NF-κB pathway, reducing production of inflammatory cytokines.
Impact:
Resveratrol decreases inflammation and alleviates symptoms of inflammatory conditions.

*Apoptosis Induction in Cancer Cells
Mechanism:
Resveratrol promotes programmed cell death in cancerous cells by activating caspases.
Impact:
Resveratrol inhibits growth of cancer cells.

*Improvement of Endothelial Function
Mechanism:
Resveratrol enhances function of the endothelium (inner lining of blood vessels).
Impact:
Resveratrol improves vascular health and reduces blood pressure.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION OF RESVERATROL:
*Dietary Supplements of Resveratrol
Common Dosages: Typically range from 100 mg to 500 mg per day.
Forms: Available in capsules, tablets, and liquid extracts.

*Food and Beverages
Sources: Naturally present in red wine, grapes, berries, and peanuts.

TOPICAL APPLICATIONS OF RESVERATROL:
Forms: Resveratrol is incorporated into skincare products in concentrations usually below 1%.
Resveratrol is applied as creams, serums, and lotions for antioxidant and anti-aging benefits.

RECOMMENDED DOSAGE OF RESVERATROL:
Supplement Form: Follow product-specific guidelines, typically 100-500 mg per day.
Note: Adhere to recommended dosages and consult a healthcare professional, especially for therapeutic use.

CURRENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTS OF RESVERATROL:
*Anti-Cancer Research
Focus: Investigating resveratrol’s role in inhibiting cancer cell growth and inducing apoptosis.
Findings: Studies show potential in treating various cancers, including breast, colon, and prostate cancer.

*Neuroprotective Effects
Focus: Exploring the potential of resveratrol in preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
Findings: Promising results in protecting neuronal cells and enhancing cognitive function.

*Cardiovascular Health
Focus: Assessing resveratrol’s impact on heart health and vascular function.
Findings: Evidence suggests it may lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol levels, and improve endothelial function.

*Metabolic Health
Focus: Studying resveratrol’s effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
Findings: Potential benefits in managing diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

*Anti-Aging Studies
Focus: Investigating the role of resveratrol in extending lifespan and reducing aging markers.
Findings: Activation of sirtuins linked to increased lifespan in some model organisms.

*Skin Health and Cosmetics
Focus: Developing
skincare formulations utilizing resveratrol’s antioxidant properties.
Findings: Effective in reducing signs of aging, protecting against UV damage, and improving skin elasticity.

SUSTAINABILITY AND CULTIVATION OF RESVERATROL:
*Cultivation Practices
Regions: Grown in temperate regions, including the Mediterranean, parts of Asia, and North America.
Methods: Cultivated on vines (grapevines) and harvested for grape skins and seeds, which contain resveratrol.

*Sustainability Concerns
Agricultural Practices: Sustainable farming practices ensure the quality and yield of resveratrol-rich plants.
Environmental Impact: Minimal when using by-products of grape processing, promoting waste reduction.

MARKET AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF RESVERATROL:
*Global Market
Demand: Increasing demand in the dietary supplement, cosmetics, and functional food markets.
Growth Drivers: Rising consumer interest in natural antioxidants and anti-aging products.

*Economic Benefits
Local Economies: Resveratrol provides income opportunities for farmers and manufacturers involved in grape cultivation and processing.
Export Potential: High potential for export to markets interested in natural health products and cosmetics.

*Challenges
Standardization: Ensuring consistent quality and concentration of resveratrol in supplements and products.
Regulatory Hurdles: Navigating varying regulatory requirements across different regions for supplements and cosmetic products.

*Conclusion
Resveratrol is a potent natural compound with a wide array of applications spanning dietary supplements, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food industries.
Its powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-cancer properties make Resveratrol a highly sought-after ingredient in health and wellness products.

While promising in various research domains, responsible use, adherence to recommended dosages, and sustainable cultivation practices are essential to maximize Resveratrol's benefits and minimize potential risks.
Ongoing research continues to unveil the extensive potential of Resveratrol, solidifying its role in both traditional and modern health paradigms.

RESEARCH OF RESVERATROL:
Resveratrol has been studied for its potential therapeutic use, with little evidence of anti-disease effects or health benefits in humans.

*Cardiovascular disease
There is no evidence of benefit from resveratrol in people who already have heart disease.
A 2018 meta-analysis found no effect on systolic or diastolic blood pressure; a sub-analysis revealed a 2 mmHg decrease in systolic pressure only from resveratrol doses of 300 mg per day, and only in diabetic people.

A 2014 Chinese meta-analysis found no effect on systolic or diastolic blood pressure; a sub-analysis found an 11.90 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure from resveratrol doses of 150 mg per day.

*Cancer
As of 2020, there is no evidence of an effect of resveratrol on cancer in humans.

*Metabolic syndrome
There is no conclusive evidence for an effect of resveratrol on human metabolic syndrome.
One 2015 review found little evidence for use of resveratrol to treat diabetes.
A 2015 meta-analysis found little evidence for an effect of resveratrol on diabetes biomarkers.

One review found limited evidence that resveratrol lowered fasting plasma glucose in people with diabetes.
Two reviews indicated that resveratrol supplementation may reduce body weight and body mass index, but not fat mass or total blood cholesterol.
A 2018 review found that resveratrol supplementation may reduce biomarkers of inflammation, TNF-α and C-reactive protein.

*Lifespan
As of 2011, there is insufficient evidence to indicate that consuming resveratrol has an effect on human lifespan.

*Cognition
Resveratrol has been assessed for a possible effect on cognition, but with mixed evidence for an effect.
One review concluded that resveratrol had no effect on neurological function, but reported that supplementation improved recognition and mood, although there were inconsistencies in study designs and results.

*Alzheimer's disease
A 2022 meta-analysis provided preliminary evidence that resveratrol, alone or in combination with glucose and malate, may slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.

*Diabetes

*Other
There is no significant evidence that resveratrol affects vascular endothelial function, neuroinflammation, skin infections or aging skin.
A 2019 review of human studies found mixed effects of resveratrol on certain bone biomarkers, such as increases in blood and bone alkaline phosphatase, while reporting no effect on other biomarkers, such as calcium and collagen.

PHARMACOLOGY OF RESVERATROL:
*Pharmacodynamics
Resveratrol has been identified as a pan-assay interference compound, which produces positive results in many different laboratory assays.
Resveratrol's ability for varied interactions may be due to direct effects on cell membranes.

As of 2015, many specific biological targets for resveratrol had been identified, including NQO2 (alone and in interaction with AKT1), GSTP1, estrogen receptor beta, CBR1, and integrin αVβ.
Resveratrol was unclear at that time if any or all of these were responsible for the observed effects in cells and model organisms.

*Pharmacokinetics
The viability of an oral delivery method is unlikely due to the low aqueous solubility of the molecule. The bioavailability of resveratrol is about 0.5% due to extensive hepatic glucuronidation and sulfation.

Glucuronidation occurs in the intestine as well as in the liver, whereas sulfonation not only occurs in the liver but in the intestine and by microbial gut activity.
Due to rapid metabolism, the half-life of resveratrol is short (about 8–14 minutes), but the half-life of the sulphate and glucoronide metabolites is above 9 hours.

METABOLISM OF RESVERATROL:
Resveratrol is extensively metabolized in the body, with the liver and intestines as the major sites of its metabolism.
Liver metabolites are products of phase II (conjugation) enzymes, which are themselves induced by resveratrol in vitro.

CHEMISTRY OF RESVERATROL:
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a stilbenoid, a derivative of stilbene.
Resveratrolexists as two geometric isomers: cis- (Z) and trans- (E), with the trans-isomer shown in the top image.

Resveratrol exists conjugated to glucose.
The trans- form can undergo photoisomerization to the cis- form when exposed to ultraviolet irradiation.
UV irradiation to cis-resveratrol induces further photochemical reaction, producing a fluorescent molecule named "Resveratrone".

Trans-resveratrol in the powder form was found to be stable under "accelerated stability" conditions of 75% humidity and 40 °C in the presence of air.
The trans isomer is also stabilized by the presence of transport proteins.
Resveratrol content also was stable in the skins of grapes and pomace taken after fermentation and stored for a long period.
lH- and 13C-NMR data for the four most common forms of resveratrols are reported in literature.

BIOSYNTHESIS OF RESVERATROL:
Resveratrol is produced in plants via the enzyme resveratrol synthase (stilbene synthase).
Resveratrol's immediate precursor is a tetraketide derived from malonyl CoA and 4-coumaroyl CoA.
The latter is derived from phenylalanine.

BIOTRANSFORMATION OF RESVERATROL:
The grapevine fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea is able to oxidise resveratrol into metabolites showing attenuated antifungal activities.
Those include the resveratrol dimers restrytisol A, B, and C, resveratrol trans-dehydrodimer, leachinol F, and pallidol.
The soil bacterium Bacillus cereus can be used to transform resveratrol into piceid (resveratrol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside).

HISTORY OF RESVERATROL:
The first mention of resveratrol was in a Japanese article in 1939 by Michio Takaoka, who isolated it from Veratrum album, variety grandiflorum, and later, in 1963, from the roots of Japanese knotweed.
In 2004, Harvard University professor David Sinclair co-founded Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, the initial product of which was a resveratrol formulation.
Sirtris was purchased and made a subsidiary of GlaxoSmithKline in 2008 for $720 million and shut down in 2013, without successful drug development.

RELATED COMPOUNDS OF RESVERATROL:
*Dihydro-resveratrol
*Epsilon-viniferin, Pallidol and Quadrangularin A three different resveratrol dimers
*Elafibranor, a structurally related compound that acts as a dual PPARα/δ agonist
*THSG, a glycoside compound found in He Shou Wu which is very similar to resveratrol.
*Trans-diptoindonesin B, a resveratrol trimer
*Hopeaphenol, a resveratrol tetramer
*Oxyresveratrol, the aglycone of mulberroside A, a compound found in Morus alba, the white mulberry
*Piceatannol, an active metabolite of resveratrol found in red wine
*Piceid, a resveratrol glucoside
*Pterostilbene, a doubly methylated resveratrol
*4'-Methoxy-(E)-resveratrol 3-O-rutinoside, a compound found in the stem bark of Boswellia dalzielii
*Rhaponticin a glucoside of the stilbenoid rhapontigenin, found in rhubarb rhizomes

OCCURRENCES OF RESVERATROL:
*Plants
Resveratrol is a phytoalexin, a class of compounds produced by many plants when they are infected by pathogens or physically harmed by cutting, crushing, or ultraviolet radiation.

Plants that synthesize resveratrol include knotweeds, pine trees including Scots pine and Eastern white pine, grape vines, raspberries, mulberries, peanut plants, cocoa bushes, and Vaccinium shrubs that produce berries, including blueberries, cranberries, and bilberries.

*Foods
The levels of resveratrol found in food varies considerably, even in the same food from season to season and batch to batch.
Resveratrol concentrations in red wines average 1.9±1.7 mg trans-resveratrol/L (8.2±7.5 μM), ranging from nondetectable levels to 14.3 mg/L (62.7 μM) trans-resveratrol.

Levels of cis-resveratrol follow the same trend as trans-resveratrol.
In general, wines made from grapes of the Pinot noir and St. Laurent varieties showed the highest level of trans-resveratrol, though no wine or region can yet be said to produce wines with significantly higher concentrations than any other wine or region.

Champagne and vinegar also contain appreciable levels of resveratrol.
Red wine contains between 0.2 and 5.8 mg/L, depending on the grape variety.

White wine has much less because red wine is fermented with the skins, allowing the wine to extract the resveratrol, whereas white wine is fermented after the skin has been removed.

The composition of wine is different from that of grapes since the extraction of resveratrol from grapes depends on the duration of the skin contact, and the resveratrol 3-glucosides are in part hydrolysed, yielding both trans- and cis-resveratrol.

WHAT DISEASES HAS RESVERATROL BEEN TRIED TO TREAT?
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound found in many botanical products.
Red wine is a natural source of resveratrol, as it is rich in grape skins and seeds.

However, resveratrol is often consumed as a dietary supplement due to its claimed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Resveratrol is also marketed as an anti-aging supplement based on findings that it extends the lifespan of yeast cells.

*Aging and brain functions
A long-term, randomized, double-blind clinical trial suggests that resveratrol and its major metabolites penetrate the blood-brain barrier to have effects on some biomarkers associated with Alzheimer's disease , but a higher-quality meta-analysis has found no effects on memory or cognitive performance.

*Heart health
Resveratrol is also thought to have cardioprotective (heart-protective) effects.
Previous studies have found that Resveratrol reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL=bad cholesterol) oxidation, inhibits platelet aggregation, and may protect against atherogenesis.

Consumption of wine or resveratrol-rich grape supplements is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and may help improve circulatory health.

*Diabetes
Resveratrol may increase insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients, and supplementation may improve arterial stiffness and reduce oxidative stress.
However, it did not improve metabolic patterns or reduce C-reactive protein in clinical trials, and data are insufficient to determine whether it controls metabolic syndrome in obese subjects.

Other studies suggest that resveratrol benefits bone density and levels of SIRT-1, a protein important in metabolism and inflammation , in diabetic patients.
It may also be helpful as an adjunct therapy to improve symptoms in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis.

*Cancer
Preclinical experiments (laboratory studies) have shown that resveratrol has antiproliferative properties and antioxidant effects.
With radiation exposure, Resveratrol has exhibited dose-dependent radioprotective, radiomodulatory, radiosensitizing, cytotoxic, and neuroprotective effects.
Other experiments suggest effects including chemotherapeutic enhancement and protection against chemo-induced cardiotoxicity.

WHAT FOODS CONTAIN RESVERATROL?
*Grape skins and seeds
*Hazelnuts, peanuts
*Mulberry, blueberry, cranberry
*Polygonum cuspinatum, also known as Japanese knotweed

In what cases should resveratrol not be used? Contraindications
Patients with hormone-sensitive cancers should be cautious, as resveratrol—at concentrations between 3 and 10 μM, similar to those needed for its other biological effects—exhibits estrogen-like properties and can stimulate both estrogen and androgen receptors, triggering cancer cell proliferation.

WHAT ARE THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF RESVERATROL?
*In many studies;
*Antioxidant effect,
*Cardiovascular protection,
*Anticancer effect,
*Antidiabetic effect,
*Anti-inflammatory effect,
Resveratrol has been reported to have various bioactivities such as anti-aging effects.

HEALTH BENEFITS OF RESVERATROL:
Polyphenols like resveratrol are important to protect the body from free radical cellular damage.
Free radicals form in the body naturally when your body breaks down food, you breathe in cigarette smoke, or if you are exposed to radiation.

They are unstable and attack cells.
They are also responsible for the development of some age-related diseases.
Resveratrol can prevent these common conditions:

*Cancer
Many studies indicate that resveratrol could help prevent and treat certain types of cancer.
Resveratrol's anti-tumor effects include inhibiting cancer cell growth, cell signaling, angiogenesis, and promoting cell death.

*Cardiovascular Disease
Numerous studies have explored resveratrol’s role in preventing and managing cardiovascular (heart-related) disease.
Resveratrol exhibits protective effects against blood vessel damage.

Studies also show that Resveratrol lowers cholesterol levels and prevents blood clots.
Many researchers have concluded that resveratrol is a valuable micronutrient that can prevent heart disease in those at risk and help treat people with progressing cardiovascular conditions.

*Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
The anti-inflammatory properties of resveratrol are effective in controlling inflammation throughout the body, including the brain.
Neuroinflammation (inflammation of parts of the nervous system) is one factor that contributes to the progression of brain-related problems, such as
Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and multiple sclerosis.
One study followed participants with Alzheimer’s disease for 52 weeks to observe the therapeutic effects of resveratrol.

One control group received a placebo, while another received resveratrol.
For the group with the placebo, neurological biomarkers continued to decline over the observational period.

*Diabetes
Resveratrol has demonstrated health benefits for people with Type 2 diabetes in several studies.

For example, researchers commonly see improvements in serum lipid (cholesterol) and glucose (sugar) levels after treating test subjects with resveratrol.
The studies show that resveratrol reverses insulin resistance, lowers blood sugar levels, and even lowers elevated blood pressure, a condition many people with diabetes have.

Resveratrol is a plant compound.
The most well-known dietary sources include grapes, some berries, and peanuts.
Resveratrol is also available to consumers as a supplement.

METABOLISM AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF RESVERATROL:
Initial studies of the pharmacokinetics of trans-resveratrol in humans found only traces of the unmetabolized resveratrol in the plasma upon oral exposure of single trans-resveratrol doses of 5 to 25 mg.
Indeed, trans-resveratrol appears to be well absorbed by humans when taken orally, but its bioavailability is relatively low due to its rapid metabolism and elimination.

Once absorbed, resveratrol is rapidly metabolized by conjugation to glucuronic acid and/or sulfate, forming resveratrol glucuronides, sulfates, and/or sulfoglucuronides.
Sulfate conjugates are the major forms of resveratrol metabolites found in plasma and urine in humans.

Preliminary studies found that the administration of single oral doses of 25 mg of trans-resveratrol to healthy volunteers resulted in peak blood concentrations of total resveratrol (i.e., trans-resveratrol plus its metabolites) around 60 minutes later, at about 1.8-2 μmoles/liter (μM), depending on whether resveratrol was administered in wine, vegetable juice, or grape juice.

A study in 40 healthy subjects who received single ascending doses of oral trans-resveratrol (i.e., 0.5 g, 1 g, 2.5 g, and 5 g) showed that plasma concentrations of unmetabolized resveratrol peaked between 0.8 and 1.5 hours after resveratrol administration at levels ranging from 0.3 μM to 2.3 μM.

Of note, these values were markedly below those used to elicit chemopreventive effects of resveratrol in in vitro experiments (>5 μM).
In contrast, following a single oral dose of 5 g of trans-resveratrol, the peak plasma concentrations of certain resveratrol conjugates were found to be about two to eight times higher than those of unmetabolized resveratrol.

Also, compared to a single dose administration, the repeated intake of 5 g/day of trans-resveratrol for 29 days was found to result in significantly greater peak plasma concentrations of trans-resveratrol and two resveratrol glucuronide conjugates.
Repeated doses of 1 g/day of trans-resveratrol could yield maximum plasma concentrations of about 22 μM for resveratrol-3-O-sulfate (the most abundant sulfate conjugate in humans) and about 7-8 μM for typical monoglucuronide conjugates.

A few studies have examined the influence of food matrix on resveratrol absorption and/or bioavailability (reviewed in 13).
One study has reported that bioavailability of trans-resveratrol from red wine did not differ when the wine was consumed with a meal (low- or high-fat) versus on an empty stomach.

Yet, in another study, the absorption of supplemental resveratrol was found to be delayed, but not reduced, by the presence of food in the stomach.
A third study found that the bioavailability of supplemental resveratrol was reduced by the amount of fat in the diet, but not by the co-administration of quercetin (another polyphenol) or alcohol.

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF RESVERATROL:
*Direct antioxidant activity
In the test tube, resveratrol effectively scavenges (neutralizes) free radicals and other oxidants and inhibits low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation.
Resveratrol was found to induce antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), thioredoxin, glutathione peroxidase-1, heme oxygenase-1, and catalase, and/or inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX).

However, there is little evidence that resveratrol is an important antioxidant in vivo.
Upon oral consumption of resveratrol, circulating and intracellular levels of resveratrol in humans are likely to be much lower than that of other important antioxidants, such as vitamin C, uric acid, vitamin E, and glutathione.
Moreover, the antioxidant activity of resveratrol metabolites, which comprise most of the circulating resveratrol, may be lower than that of resveratrol.

*Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities
Endogenous estrogens are steroid hormones synthesized by humans and other mammals; these hormones bind to estrogen receptors within cells.
The estrogen-receptor complex interacts with unique sequences in DNA (estrogen response elements; EREs) to modulate the expression of estrogen-responsive genes.

The chemical structure of resveratrol is very similar to that of the synthetic estrogen agonist, diethylstilbestrol, suggesting that resveratrol might also function as an estrogen agonist, i.e., might bind to estrogen receptors and elicit similar responses to endogenous estrogens.

However, in cell culture experiments, resveratrol was found to act either as an estrogen agonist or as an estrogen antagonist depending on such factors as cell type, estrogen receptor isoform (ERα or ERβ), and the presence of endogenous estrogens.

*Biological activities related to cancer prevention
Effects on biotransformation enzymes
Some compounds are not carcinogenic until they have been metabolized in the body by phase I biotransformation enzymes, especially cytochrome P450 enzymes.

By inhibiting the expression and activity of certain cytochrome P450 enzymes (25, 26), resveratrol might help prevent cancer by limiting the activation of procarcinogens.

Resveratrol has been found to increase the expression and activity of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) in cultured cells and may be a weak inducer of other phase II enzymes.

*Inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis
Following DNA damage, the cell cycle can be transiently arrested to allow for DNA repair or activation of pathways leading to cell death (apoptosis) if the damage is irreparable.

Defective cell cycle regulation may result in the propagation of mutations that contribute to the development of cancer.
Moreover, unlike normal cells, cancer cells proliferate rapidly and are unable to respond to cell death signals that initiate apoptosis.
Resveratrol has been found to induce cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis (programmed cell death) in a number of cancer cell lines.

*Inhibition of tumor invasion and angiogenesis
Cancerous cells invade normal tissue aided by enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases.
Resveratrol has been found to inhibit the activity of at least one type of matrix metalloproteinase.

To fuel their rapid growth, invasive tumors must also develop new blood vessels by a process known as angiogenesis.
Resveratrol has been found to inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.

*Anti-inflammatory effects
Inflammation promotes cellular proliferation and angiogenesis and inhibits apoptosis.
Resveratrol has been found to inhibit the activity of several inflammatory enzymes in vitro, including cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases.
Resveratrol may also inhibit pro-inflammatory transcription factors, such as NFκB or AP-1

*Biological activities related to cardiovascular disease prevention:
Inhibition of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) expression
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process in which lipids deposit in plaques (known as atheromas) within arterial walls and increase the risk of myocardial infarction.

One of the earliest events in the development of atherosclerosis is the recruitment of inflammatory white blood cells from the blood to the arterial wall by vascular cell adhesion molecules.
Resveratrol has been found to inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules in cultured endothelial cells.

*Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation
The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in the progression of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis (when treated arteries become blocked again).
Resveratrol has been found to inhibit the proliferation of VSMCs in culture, as well as in vivo.

*Stimulation of endolethelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide (NO) by vascular endothelial cells.
NO is needed to maintain arterial relaxation (vasodilation), and impaired NO-dependent vasodilation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Because physiological concentrations of resveratrol were found to stimulate eNOS activity in cultured endothelial cells, resveratrol might help maintain or improve endothelial function in vivo.

*Inhibition of platelet activiation and aggregation
Platelet aggregation is one of the first steps in the formation of a blood clot that can occlude a coronary or cerebral artery, resulting in myocardial infarction or stroke, respectively.
Resveratrol has been found to inhibit platelet activation and aggregation in vitro.

*Biological activities related to neurodegenerative disease prevention and treatment
Stimulation of neurogenesis and microvessel formation
Age-related mood alterations and memory deficits result from a decrease in the function of the hippocampus in the elderly.
These structural changes were associated with significant improvements in spatial learning, memory formation, and mood function.

*Stimulation of β-amyloid peptide clearance
One feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the accumulation of β-amyloid peptide into senile (amyloid) plaques outside neurons in the hippocampus and cortex of AD patients.
Senile plaques are toxic to cells, resulting in progressive neuronal dysfunction and death.
Resveratrol was found to facilitate the clearance of β-amyloid peptide and promote cell survival in primary neurons in culture and neuronal cell lines.

*Inhibition of neuroinflammation
Abnormally activated microglia and hypertrophic astrocytes around the senile plaques in AD brains release cytotoxic molecules, such as proinflammatory mediators and ROS, which enhance the formation and deposition of β-amyloid peptides and further damage neurons.

Resveratrol was found able to inhibit the inflammatory response triggered by β-amyloid peptide-induced microglial activation in microglial cell lines and in a mouse model of cerebral amyloid deposition.

*Reduction of oxidative stress
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are thought to be involved in the etiology and/or progression of several neurodegenerative disorders.
Resveratrol counteracted oxidative stress and β-amyloid peptide-induced toxicity in cultured neuroblastoma.

Resistance against oxidative stress-related damage in primary neuronal cells treated with resveratrol has been associated with the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme that degrades pro-oxidant heme.

7 HEALTH BENEFITS OF RESVERATROL SUPPLEMENTS:
Resveratrol is a plant compound that acts like an antioxidant.
The top food sources include red wine, grapes, some berries and peanuts.

Resveratrol tends to be concentrated mostly in the skins and seeds of grapes and berries.
These parts of the grape are included in the fermentation of red wine, hence its particularly high concentration of resveratrol.
Of the limited research in humans, most has focused on supplemental forms of Resveratrol, in concentrations higher than those you could get through food.

Summary:
Resveratrol is an antioxidant-like compound found in red wine, berries and peanuts.

1. Resveratrol Supplements May Help Lower Blood Pressure
Because of its antioxidant properties, resveratrol could be a promising supplement for lowering blood pressure.

A 2015 review concluded that high doses may help reduce the pressure exerted on artery walls when the heart beats.
That type of pressure is called systolic blood pressure, and appears as the upper number in blood pressure readings.

Systolic blood pressure typically goes up with age, as arteries stiffen.
When high, it’s a risk factor for heart disease.
Resveratrol may accomplish this blood-pressure-lowering effect by helping to produce more nitric oxide, which causes blood vessels to relax.

However, the authors of that study say more research is needed before specific recommendations can be made about the best dose of resveratrol to maximize blood pressure benefits.

Summary:
Resveratrol supplements may help lower blood pressure by increasing the production of nitric oxide.

2. It Has a Positive Effect on Blood Fats
Resveratrol seems to influence cholesterol levels by reducing the effect of an enzyme that controls cholesterol production.

As an antioxidant, it also may decrease the oxidation of “bad” LDL cholesterol.
LDL oxidation contributes to plaque buildup in artery walls.
In one study, participants were given grape extract that had been boosted with extra resveratrol.

After six months of treatment, their LDL had gone down by 4.5% and their oxidized LDL had gone down by 20% compared to participants who took an unenriched grape extract or a placebo.

Summary:
As an antioxidant, they may also decrease LDL cholesterol odixation.

3. Resveratrol lengthens Lifespan in Certain Animals
Resveratrol’s ability to extend lifespan in different organisms has become a major area of research.
There’s evidence that resveratrol activates certain genes that ward off the diseases of aging.

Resveratrol works to achieve this in the same way as calorie restriction, which has shown promise in lengthening lifespans by changing how genes express themselves.
However, it’s not clear if Resveratrol would have a similar effect in humans.

4. Resveratrol protects the Brain
Several studies have suggested that drinking red wine can help slow down age-related cognitive decline.
This may partly be due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of resveratrol.

It seems to interfere with protein fragments called beta-amyloids, which are crucial to forming the plaques that are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.
Additionally, Resveratrol may set off a chain of events that protects brain cells from damage.

While this research is intriguing, scientists still have questions about how well the human body is able to make use of supplemental resveratrol, which limits its immediate use as a supplement to protect the brain.

Summary:
A potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound, resveratrol shows promise in protecting brain cells from damage.

5. Resveratrol may Increase Insulin Sensitivity
These benefits include increasing insulin sensitivity and preventing complications from diabetes.
One explanation for how resveratrol works is that it may stop a certain enzyme from turning glucose into sorbitol, a sugar alcohol.

When too much sorbitol builds up in people with diabetes, Resveratrol can create cell-damaging oxidative stress.

Here are a few more benefits resveratrol may have for people with diabetes:
*Resveratrol may protect against oxidative stress:
Resveratrol's antioxidant action may help protect against oxidative stress, which causes some of the complications of diabetes.

*Resveratrol helps decrease inflammation:
Resveratrol is thought to lessen inflammation, a key contributor to chronic diseases, including diabetes.

*Activates AMPK:
This is a protein that helps the body metabolize glucose.
Activated AMPK helps keep blood sugar levels low.

Resveratrol may even provide more benefits for people with diabetes than those who don’t have it.
Researchers say Resveratrol could be used to treat diabetes and its complications in the future, but more research is needed.

6. Resveratrol may Ease Joint Pain
Arthritis is a common affliction that leads to joint pain and loss of mobility.

Plant-based supplements are being studied as a way to treat and prevent joint pain.
When taken as a supplement, resveratrol may help protect cartilage from deteriorating.
Cartilage breakdown can cause joint pain and is one of the main symptoms of arthritis.

Summary:
Resveratrol may help relieve joint pain by preventing cartilage from breaking down.

7. Resveratrol May Suppress Cancer Cells
Resveratrol has been studied, especially in test tubes, for its ability to prevent and treat cancer. However, results have been mixed.

DISEASE PREVENTION OF RESVERATROL:
*Cancer
Resveratrol has been found to inhibit the proliferation of a variety of human cancer cell lines, including those from breast, prostate, stomach, colon, pancreatic, and thyroid cancers.

*Cardiovascular disease
**Red wine polyphenols
Significant reductions in cardiovascular disease risk have been associated with moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages.

The “French Paradox” — the observation that incidence of coronary heart disease was relatively low in France despite high levels of dietary saturated fat and cigarette smoking — led to the idea that regular consumption of red wine might provide additional protection from cardiovascular disease.

Red wine contains variable and usually low concentrations of resveratrol and higher concentrations of flavonoids like procyanidins.
The results of epidemiological studies addressing this question have been inconsistent.
While some large prospective cohort studies found that wine drinkers were at lower risk of cardiovascular disease than beer or liquor drinkers, others found no difference.

Socioeconomic and lifestyle differences between people who prefer wine and those who prefer beer or liquor may explain part of the additional benefit observed in some studies: people who prefer wine tend to have higher incomes, more education, smoke less, and eat more fruit and vegetables and less saturated fat than those who prefer other alcoholic beverages.

RESVERATROL AND ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION:
Endothelial dysfunction is usually associated with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., insulin resistance, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia) and is thought to precede the clinical manifestation of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.

Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by abnormal vasoconstriction, leukocyte adherence to vascular endothelial cells, platelet activation and aggregation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, vascular inflammation, thrombosis (clot formation), impaired coagulation, and atherosclerosis.

*Longevity
Providing resveratrol to yeast increased Sir2 activity in the absence of caloric restriction and extended the replicative (but not the chronological) lifespan of yeast by 70%.

**Resveratrol in red wine
Resveratrol might help prevent damage to blood vessels, lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, also called the "bad" cholesterol, and prevent blood clots.

But study results on resveratrol are mixed.
Some research shows that resveratrol could be linked to a lower risk of swelling and irritation, called inflammation, and blood clotting.
Both can lower the risk of heart disease.

RESVERATROL IN GRAPES, SUPPLEMENTS AND OTHER FOODS:
The resveratrol in red wine comes from the skin of grapes used to make wine.
Simply eating grapes or drinking grape juice might be a way to get resveratrol without drinking alcohol.
Red and purple grape juices may have some of the same heart-healthy pluses of red wine.

Peanuts, blueberries and cranberries also have some resveratrol.
It's not yet known whether eating grapes or other foods promotes heart health the way drinking red wine might.

And it's not known how much resveratrol is needed to protect the heart.
The amount of resveratrol in food and red wine can vary widely.
There also are resveratrol supplements.

RESVERATROL IN PLANTS:
Scientists became interested in resveratrol because of its antioxidant properties.
Found in many varieties of plants, this polyphenolic compound, Resveratrol, was thought to possibly confer longevity, anti-inflammatory, heart-healthy, and anti-cancer properties through a variety of mechanisms.

Resveratrol is abundant in the skin of red grapes, peanuts, and pistachios, as well as in berries, such as blueberries and cranberries, raspberries and mulberries, and cacao beans.
Resveratrol is also found in significant concentrations in red wine.

While all red grapes contain resveratrol in their skins, purple or red grapes, as well as grapes from cooler regions, have a higher concentration of this compound as compared to that which is present in thin-skinned white or green grapes, or grapes from warmer countries.
Moreover, thick-skinned Malbec or muscadine grapes have the highest concentration of all.
Resveratrol is also found in the seeds, stems, and leaves of these grape vines.

WHY IS RESVERATROL IMPORTANT?
Resveratrol, like other antioxidants, causes the body to efficiently detoxify molecules that oxidize other molecules and tissues.
Typically, normal body metabolism gives rise to highly reactive and oxidizing molecules called free radicals.
Their production is greatly increased during inflammation and stress.

Free radicals can cause alterations in DNA, cell membranes, and other vital cellular structures like mitochondria by oxidizing them.
Antioxidants protect the body against these dangerous molecules by capturing and defusing them, thus removing them from the cell environment.
Antioxidants also offer themselves to be oxidized by the free radicals, but regenerate themselves.

This protects other key molecules and cells from oxidative damage.
For this reason, antioxidants are mostly reducing agents, like thiols and polyphenols.
Antioxidants also help immensely to repair the damage caused by oxidizing agents.

Thus, healthy levels of antioxidants, like vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium, are essential to prevent chronic inflammatory damage, arrest pre-cancerous changes, and slow aging changes.

This compound has been actively studied for over 20 years since it was found to be abundant in red wine.
It was thought to provide a possible answer to the French paradox, that despite a rich diet of breads, pork, butter, and cheese, the French were notable for a relatively low rate of coronary heart disease.

Resveratrol is well-absorbed after oral administration and is highly active in the body, yet it has a low bioavailability.
This compound is rapidly metabolized, and hence the levels of unmetabolized resveratrol in the blood are low.

Resveratrol is detected largely as metabolites in both the blood and urine; however, the bioactivity of these metabolites being as yet unknown.
Additionally, resveratrol is fat-soluble and is found as a glucose-bound form or a glucoside, called piceid.

WHAT ARE RESVERATROL'S MAIN BENEFITS?
Resveratrol is best known for its cardiovascular health benefits.
In humans, resveratrol improves endothelial function and may have a blood-pressure-lowering effect in some populations.
In vitro, resveratrol protects against atherosclerosis.

In adults with type 2 diabetes, resveratrol improves fasting glucose, HbA1c, and insulin sensitivity but doesn’t appear to benefit adults without the disease.
Resveratrol consistently reduces the inflammatory cytokines C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-alpha.

Despite the plausibility of resveratrol’s potential effects on blood lipids and body composition, resveratrol doesn’t appear to improve blood lipids in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or body composition in adults with cardiometabolic conditions.

HERE'S HOW RESVERATROL MAY COMBAT CANCER CELLS:
*Resveratrol may inhibit cancer cell growth:
Resveratrol may prevent cancer cells from replicating and spreading.

*Resveratrol may change gene expression:
Resveratrol can change the gene expression in cancer cells to inhibit their growth.

*It can have hormonal effects:
Resveratrol may interfere with the way certain hormones are expressed, which may keep hormone-dependent cancers from spreading.

BENEFITS BASED ON EARLY RESEARCH OF RESVERATROL:
*Anti-inflammatory action
*Antioxidant effect
*Prevents atherosclerosis via several mechanisms:
*Prevents the oxidation of LDL cholesterol
*Inhibits platelet aggregation and clot formation
*Inhibits specific cell adhesion molecules which are needed for atherosclerotic plaque buildup
*Inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation which contributes to atherosclerosis
*Stimulates eNOS activity, which produces nitric oxide, a powerful vasodilator, mitigating hypertension
*Prevents cancer cell maturation and proliferation, and triggers apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in cancer cells
*Reduces the risk of Alzheimer’s disease by preventing plaque formation
*Increases sensitivity to insulin, thus preventing diabetes mellitus
*Protects against the harmful effects of obesity and aging
*Resveratrol has a broadly similar structure to diethylstilbestrol (DES), which is a synthetic estrogen agonist.

However, resveratrol has been shown to have both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity, depending on the type of estrogen receptor, the presence of endogenous estrogens, and the cell type.
In breast cells, in the absence of the natural estrogen 17β-estradiol resvertraol can act as an estrogen agonist.
Comparatively, when in the presence of estradiol, resveratrol instead acts as an estrogen antagonist.

THE BENEFITS OF RESVERATROL:
Like other antioxidants, resveratrol contains various protective qualities that may help your body carry on a number of daily processes and fight off illness.

And while there’ve been numerous studies documenting a wide array of antioxidants’ potential benefits that include anti-aging effects, anti-cancer effects and more, many more studies need to be done on resveratrol alone.
However, there are several properties of resveratrol that might make these benefits possible.

*Positively impacts brain and heart health
We know resveratrol is an anti-inflammatory because it’s an antioxidant, so it affects cells in your body by protecting them from damage.
Most notably, Resveratrol helps with brain and heart inflammation by providing a protective lining for your blood vessels and preventing insult or injury.

This means Resveratrol could have neuroprotective qualities and help preserve memory and brain function, as well as prevent heart disease and strokes.
Resveratrol and other antioxidants are kind of like Saran wrap for your cells.

They wrap around the cell like a nice layer, so when you have compounds floating around your bloodstream and the environment that are trying to attack and damage that cell, you have this extra layer of protection.

Assists with increasing HDL and reducing LDL cholesterol
Zumpano says antioxidants help with multiple systems in your body.

A diet high in antioxidant-rich foods promotes high levels of HDL (good cholesterol) and low levels of LDL (bad cholesterol).
The foods that you eat affect your entire body — your cells, bones, blood and organs.
The higher the antioxidant content, the greater the entire body is protected from disease and suppresses inflammation.

*Helps reduce blood clotting
Polyphenols also appear to improve the function of blood vessels and may help slow down the formation of blood clots.
Alcohol can also act as a blood thinner, so red wine, when consumed responsibly, can help reduce clot formation.
Therefore, if you combine polyphenols and alcohol, you have an even greater blood-thinning effect.

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF RESVERATROL FOR THE SKIN?
When applied topically, resveratrol's main function is to help protect the skin's surface.
Resveratrol blocks negative environmental effects and protects the skin from UV damage.
The skin is the largest organ in the body and acts as the body’s first line of defense against harmful microorganisms.

Taking an antioxidant like resveratrol can help strengthen your skin’s natural barriers, so your skin looks smoother and healthier.
Resveratrol works at a cellular level to fight the aging process by stimulating healthy cell proliferation.
Resveratrol supports cellular function and fibroblasts along with healthy collagen formation.

Resveratrol contains significant skin calming properties that help minimize the appearance of redness and inflammation.
Resveratrol not only brightens skin tone but also works to improve the overall texture of the skin.
Resveratrol moisturizes the skin and prevents it from drying out.

WHICH FOODS ARE FOUND IN RESVERATROL?
*Grape
*Blueberries
*Raspberry
*Blackberry
*Peanuts
*Vinegar
*Hazelnut
*Cranberry

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF RESVERATROL?
*Effective against aging and cancer
Resveratrol has a strong antioxidant effect.
Studies show that Resveratrol stops tumor formation and progression and protects against cancer with its anti-inflammatory effect.

*Resveratrol protects cardiovascular health
Resveratrol protects against arteriosclerosis with its anti-inflammatory effect.
Resveratrol has been observed that it is good for circulation and has a positive effect on glucose and lipid mechanisms.

*Resveratrol helps protect the brain and mental health
Since the antioxidants found in resveratrol have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, they have been shown to have protective and healing properties on brain functions.

*Resveratrol helps prevent obesity
Resveratrol has also been shown to be effective on fat storage by regulating insulin levels.

*Resveratrol is beneficial for diabetics and pre-diabetics
Resveratrol has been shown to regulate insulin levels, reduce blood sugar spikes, and be effective against neurodegenerative damage caused by diabetes.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of RESVERATROL:
Chemical formula: C14H12O3
Molar mass: 228.247 g·mol−1
Appearance: white powder with slight yellow cast
Melting point: 261 to 263 °C (502 to 505 °F; 534 to 536 K)
Solubility in water: 0.03 g/L
Solubility in DMSO: 16 g/L
Solubility in ethanol: 50 g/L
UV-vis (λmax): 304 nm (trans-resveratrol, in water); 286 nm (cis-resveratrol, in water)
Chemical formula: C14H12O3
Molar mass: 228.247 g·mol−1
Appearance: white powder with slight yellow cast
Melting point: 261 to 263 °C (502 to 505 °F; 534 to 536 K)

Solubility in water: 0.03 g/L
Solubility in DMSO: 16 g/L
Solubility in ethanol: 50 g/L
UV-vis (λmax): 304 nm (trans-resveratrol, in water); 286 nm (cis-resveratrol, in water)
Molecular Weight: 228.24 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 3.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 228.078644241 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 228.078644241 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 60.7 Å²

Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 246
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

FIRST AID MEASURES of RESVERATROL:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of RESVERATROL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of RESVERATROL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of RESVERATROL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of RESVERATROL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of RESVERATROL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available