Quick Search
Linear Formula: C6H5COONa
CAS Number: 532-32-1
Molecular Weight: 144.10
Beilstein: 3572467
EC Number: 208-534-8
MDL number: MFCD00012463
PubChem Substance ID: 329823236
NACRES: NA.24
APPLICATIONS
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in raw material, food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations by titrimetry and liquid chromatography.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is used as a preservative in the food industries and in the production of some industrial products.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is widely used in the food industry, especially in carbonated drinks and similar beverages, pickles, ketchup and similar sauces, marmalade and jams, margarine, olive production, processed fish products and confectionery.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is a food additive that makes food products resistant to mold and fungi.
In addition, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) has the feature of preserving food colors.
As with all food preservatives, excessive use can affect the taste of the food product.
As with food preservatives, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is generally recommended to use 0.1% to 0.2% of Sodium Benzoate.
Aside from its use in processed foods and beverages, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is also added to some medicines, cosmetics, personal care products, and industrial products.
-As a preservative
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) can act as a food preservative.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (for example acetic acid in vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (acetic acid), condiments, and frozen yogurt toppings.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics.
Under these conditions E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is converted into benzoic acid (E210), which is bacteriostatic and fungistatic.
Benzoic acid is generally not used directly due to its poor water solubility.
Concentration of E 211 (Sodium benzoate) as a food preservative is limited by the FDA in the U.S. to 0.1% by weight.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is also allowed as an animal food additive at up to 0.1%, per the Association of American Feed Control Officials.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) has been replaced by potassium sorbate in the majority of soft drinks in the United Kingdom.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) was one of the chemicals used in 19th century industrialised food production that was investigated by Dr. Harvey W. Wiley with his famous 'Poison Squad' as part of the US Department of Agriculture.
This led up to the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, a landmark event in the early history of food regulation in the United States.
-In pharmaceuticals
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is used as a treatment for urea cycle disorders due to its ability to bind amino acids.
This leads to excretion of these amino acids and a decrease in ammonia levels.
Recent research shows that E 211 (Sodium benzoate) may be beneficial as an add-on therapy (1 gram/day) in schizophrenia.
Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores dropped by 21% compared to placebo.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate), along with phenylbutyrate, is used to treat hyperammonemia.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate), along with caffeine, is used to treat postdural puncture headache, respiratory depression associated with overdosage of narcotics, and with ergotamine to treat vascular headache.
-Foods and Beverages
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is the first preservative the FDA allowed in foods and still a widely used food additive.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is classified as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS), meaning that experts consider it safe when used as intended.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is approved internationally as a food additive and is assigned the identifying number 211.
For example, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is listed as E211 in European food products.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) inhibits the growth of potentially harmful bacteria, mold, and other microbes in food, thus deterring spoilage.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is particularly effective in acidic foods (6Trusted Source).
Therefore, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is commonly used in foods, such as soda, bottled lemon juice, pickles, jelly, salad dressing, soy sauce, and other condiments.
-Medications
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is used as a preservative in some over-the-counter and prescription medications, particularly in liquid medicines like cough syrup.
Additionally, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) can be a lubricant in pill manufacturing and makes tablets transparent and smooth, helping them break down rapidly after you swallow them.
Lastly, larger amounts of sodium benzoate may be prescribed to treat elevated blood levels of ammonia.
Ammonia is a byproduct of protein breakdown, and blood levels may become dangerously high in certain medical conditions.
-Other Uses
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care items, such as hair products, baby wipes, toothpaste, and mouthwash.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) also has industrial uses.
One of its biggest applications is to deter corrosion, such as in coolants for car engines.
What’s more, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) may be used as a stabilizer in photo processing and to improve the strength of some types of plastic.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is also used in fireworks as a fuel in whistle mix, a powder that emits a whistling noise when compressed into a tube and ignited.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is used as a preservative, it acts bacteriostatic and fungistatic under acidic conditions.
Most commonly E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (vinegar), sodas (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (vinegar), and spices.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is used in the treatment of urea cycle disorders due to its ability to bind amino acids.
In addition, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is used in fireworks as fuel in a mixture of whistle powder, which when compressed into a tube and ignited, emits a whistling sound.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is used in alcohol-based mouthwash and silver polish.
DESCRIPTION
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is the sodium salt of benzoic acid, widely used as a food preservative (with an E number of E211) and a pickling agent.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) appears as a white crystalline chemical with the formula C6H5COONa.
Commonly, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is produced by the neutralization of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with benzoic acid (C6H5COOH), which is itself produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen.
Many foods are natural sources of benzoic acid, its salts, and its esters.
Fruits and vegetables can be rich sources, particularly berries such as cranberry and bilberry.
Other sources include seafood, such as prawns, and dairy products.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is a sodium salt of benzoic acid, that is freely soluble in water compared to benzoic acid.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is generally used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is best known as a preservative used in processed foods and beverages to extend shelf life, though it has several other uses.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) İs an odorless, crystalline powder made by combining benzoic acid and sodium hydroxide.
Benzoic acid is a good preservative on its own, and combining E 211 (Sodium benzoate) with sodium hydroxide helps it dissolve in products.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) does not occur naturally, but benzoic acid is found in many plants, including cinnamon, cloves, tomatoes, berries, plums, apples, and cranberries.
Additionally, certain bacteria produce benzoic acid when fermenting dairy products like yogurt.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate), which is included in many products, is a kind of salt derivative preferred as a preservative.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate), which is also used to add flavor to some products, should not be used too much in food products.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) was deemed appropriate to use a maximum of 0.1%.
Excessive use of E 211 (Sodium benzoate) in foods can cause serious health problems in people.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate), which is taken over the given measure, can cause problems such as obesity over time and may cause serious problems in the coming days.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate), which is used to extend the shelf life of food products, canned products, especially soft drinks, toothpastes, medicines and pickles are used. How much E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is used in ready-to-eat foods can be written in the ingredients of the product.
Benzonic, which is the active ingredient of E 211 (Sodium benzoate), is naturally present in plants or animals.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate), which is not seen as very healthy, is found in almost every ready-made food.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) may also be included in ready meals, sausage, salami, drinks with dye, chips, ready-made meatball mortars, ready-made sauces, fruit juices and candies.
Since these products have a slightly longer shelf life, it will be inevitable that they contain additives.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is an excipient that is widely used nowadays.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is used as a preservative against yeasts, moulds and bacteria by inhibiting their growth.
You use E 211 (Sodium benzoate) with slightly acidic to neutral products with a maximum pH value of 5.
You add 0.5 to 1 gram per kilogram of food.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) does not make sense to apply this additive to foods with a higher pH value.
This is because the additive is only effective in an acidic environment.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is synthesised or artificially prepared from the substances benzoic acid and sodium hydroxide.
These occur naturally in most types of fruit, but also in mushrooms and cloves, for example.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is the sodium salt of benzoic acid. It has been labelled as a safe excipient by the European Commission and has been assigned the E number 211.
You use E 211 (Sodium benzoate) in products such as jams and fruit juices.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is much better than benzoic acid at dissolving in water. It is one of its most characteristic physical properties.
Although the excipient benzoic acid conserves slightly better than E 211 (Sodium benzoate), you can compensaté for this by either using a little more or lowering the pH by adding an acid to your product.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) should not be added in too high concentrations as it has a slightly sweet, bitter taste.
This can significantly alter the taste of your food.
Studies have also shown that you should not combine E 211 (Sodium benzoate) with vitamin C, as this can lead to the formation of a harmful substance (benzene).
Never combine sodium benzoate with vitamin C-based excipients, such as ascorbic acid.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is used as food preservative with an E number of E211.
Sodium Benzoate E211 is a food grade preservative generally regarded as safe (GRAS) worldwide.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is the sodium salt of benzoic acid E210 and synthesized by reacting sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid.
Additionally, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) has effective antimicrobial action against yeasts, molds, food poisoning bacteria and spore-forming bacteria.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is not effective against food spoilage bacteria like clostridia or lactic acid bacteria.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is not recommended as a food preservative at pH ranges higher than 4.5.
The best PH value is 2.5 ~ 4.0.
The effectiveness of E 211 (Sodium benzoate) as a preservative increases with decreasing pH (increasing acidity).
This is because the ratio of undissociated benzoic acid to ionized benzoic acid increases as the pH decreases.
Benzoic acid (C7H5NaO2) is an aromatic carboxylic acid.
It is found naturally in a wide range of foods, especially fruits and vegetables.
Berries are particularly rich in benzoic acid.
Dairy products like yogurt, milk, and cheese, and aromatic spices such as cinnamon also contain it.
One of its salts and derivatives—E 211 (Sodium benzoate)— is used widely in the food industry as a food preservative.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is a product of the neutralization of benzoic acid.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is a white and odorless crystalline powder or granule, and has a sweet yet astringent taste.
It is true that this preservative does not occur naturally, hence man-made.
In the food industry, E211 is the E number assigned for E 211 (Sodium benzoate).
E numbers correspond to food additives that are used in the European Union (EU).
The other salts of benzoic acid used in food preservation is potassium benzoate (E212) and calcium benzoate (E213).
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) has the capability to inhibit the growth of potentially harmful microorganisms.
However, acidic foods are the more common applications of E 211 (Sodium benzoate).
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is a commonly used preservative that ensures the freshness of the products.
Moreover, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) inhibits the growth of cells of yeast, fungi and some bacteria.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is naturally found in blueberries, raisins and spices (cloves, cinnamon).
In the food industry E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is used as a preservative for fatty foods, mayonnaise, fruit products, meat, fish, beverages, puree.
Also E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is found in: sauces, caviar, fruit cakes, marinated cucumbers and olives, shrimp, pineapple juice, canned food, spices.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is used to protect different varieties of mold from tobacco.
Due to its antiseptic properties, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is used in pharmaceuticals (as an expectorant in cough syrups).
In the chemical industry, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is used in the production of adhesives, colorants, polymer stabilizers.
MECHANISM of FOOD PRESERVATION
The mechanism starts with the absorption of benzoic acid into the cell.
If the intracellular pH falls to 5 or lower, the anaerobic fermentation of glucose through phosphofructokinase decreases sharply, which inhibits the growth and survival of microorganisms that cause food spoilage.
HEALTH and SAFETY
In the United States, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is designated as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration.
The International Programme on Chemical Safety found no adverse effects in humans at doses of 647–825 mg/kg of body weight per day.
Cats have a significantly lower tolerance against benzoic acid and its salts than rats and mice.
The human body rapidly clears E 211 (Sodium benzoate) by combining it with glycine to form hippuric acid which is then excreted.
The metabolic pathway for this begins with the conversion of benzoate by butyrate-CoA ligase into an intermediate product, benzoyl-CoA, which is then metabolized by glycine N-acyltransferase into hippuric acid.
Association with benzene in soft drinks
In combination with ascorbic acid (vitamin C, E300), E 211 (Sodium benzoate) and potassium benzoate may form benzene.
In 2006, the Food and Drug Administration tested 100 beverages available in the United States that contained both ascorbic acid and benzoate.
Four had benzene levels that were above the 5 ppb Maximum Contaminant Level set by the Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water.
Most of the beverages that tested above the limit have been reformulated and subsequently tested below the safety limit.
Heat, light and shelf life can increase the rate at which benzene is formed.
The FDA allows up to a 0.1% concentration of E 211 (Sodium benzoate) by weight in foods and beverages.
If used, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) must be included in the ingredient list.
Your body doesn’t accumulate E 211 (Sodium benzoate).
Rather, you metabolize and excrete it in your urine within 24 hours — which contributes to its safety.
The WHO has set the acceptable daily intake (ADI) level for E 211 (Sodium benzoate) to 0–2.27 mg per pound (0–5 mg per kg) of body weight.
People generally don’t exceed the ADI through a normal diet.
Still, some people may be more sensitive to this additive.
Consult a doctor for appropriate testing if you suspect you have an allergy to E 211 (Sodium benzoate).
As for E 211 (Sodium benzoate) in personal care products, the Environmental Working Group ranks the additive at a hazard level of 3 on a scale of 0 to 10 — meaning that overall risk of its use is relatively low.
COULD HAVE MEDICINAL BENEFITS
In larger doses, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) may help treat certain medical conditions.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) reduces high blood levels of the waste product ammonia, such as in people with liver disease or inherited urea cycle disorders — conditions that limit the excretion of ammonia via urine.
Furthermore, scientists have identified ways by which E 211 (Sodium benzoate) may have medicinal effects, such as by binding unwanted compounds or affecting the activity of certain enzymes that increase or decrease levels of other compounds.
Other potential medicinal uses of sodium benzoate that are being researched include:
-Schizophrenia: In a six-week study in people with schizophrenia, 1,000 mg of E 211 (Sodium benzoate) daily alongside standard drug therapy reduced symptoms by 21% compared to placebo. A similar study also showed a benefit.
-Multiple sclerosis (MS): Animal and test-tube studies suggest that E 211 (Sodium benzoate) may slow MS progression.
This may include stimulating myelin production, the protective nerve covering damaged in MS.
-Depression: In one six-week case study, a man with major depression given 500 mg of E 211 (Sodium benzoate) daily had a 64% improvement in symptoms, and MRI scans showed improved brain structure related to depression.
-Maple syrup urine disease: This inherited disease inhibits the breakdown of certain amino acids, making urine smell like syrup.
A study in one toddler found intravenous (IV) E 211 (Sodium benzoate) to help in a crisis phase of the disease.
-Panic disorder: When a woman with panic disorder — characterized by anxiety, abdominal pain, chest tightness, and palpitations — took 500 mg of E 211 (Sodium benzoate) daily, her panic symptoms were reduced by 61% in six weeks.
Despite potential benefits, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) can have side effects, including nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Additionally, medicinal doses of E 211 (Sodium benzoate) may deplete your body of the amino acid carnitine, which plays a critical role in energy production.
This may make it necessary to take a carnitine supplement.
For these reasons, E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is only given as a prescription medication in carefully controlled doses and with ongoing monitoring.
Hyperactivity
Research published in 2007 for the UK's Food Standards Agency (FSA) suggests that certain artificial colors, when paired with E 211 (Sodium benzoate), may be linked to hyperactive behavior.
The results were inconsistent regarding E 211 (Sodium benzoate), so the FSA recommended further study.
The Food Standards Agency concluded that the observed increases in hyperactive behavior, if real, were more likely to be linked to the artificial colors than to sodium benzoate.
The report's author, Jim Stevenson from Southampton University, said: "The results suggest that consumption of certain mixtures of artificial food colours and sodium benzoate preservative are associated with increases in hyperactive behaviour in children. . . . Many other influences are at work but this at least is one a child can avoid."
E 211 Sodium benzoate physical properties
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is a white granular or crystalline powder that is odorless or slightly hypoallergenic with a slightly sweet, astringent taste. sodium benzoate molecular weight is 144.12.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) is stable in the air, soluble in water, the pH of its aqueous solution is 8, soluble in ethanol.
Benzoic acid E210 and its salts are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, but their antibacterial effectiveness depends on the pH of the food.
With the increase of medium acidity, the bactericidal effect will be enhanced, but bactericidal and antibacterial effects will be lost in alkaline medium.
The best PH value is 2.5 ~ 4.0 for preservative effect.
Molar mass of sodium benzoate：144.10 g·mol−1
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) melting point：410 °C (770 °F; 683 K)
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) density：1.497 g/cm3
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) pka: The pKa of benzoic acid is 4.2.
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) chemical formula: C7H5NaO2
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) cas no: 532-32-1
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) boiling point: not available
E 211 (Sodium benzoate) stability: it is stable Stored in cool, dry and ventilated place.
SYNONYMS
Benzoic acid sodium salt
Benzoic acid, sodiium salt (1:1)
Benzoic acid, sodium salt
benzoic acid, sodium salt
Benzoic acid, sodium salt (1:1)
Benzoic acid, sodium salt (1:1)
Sodio benzoato
Sodio Benzoato E211
SODIUM BENZOATE
1011270-78-2
1011270-78-2
1219807-20-1
1219807-20-1
1351865-09-2
1351865-09-2
532-32-1
Antimol
Benzoan sodny
Benzoate of soda
Benzoate sodium
Benzoesaeure (na-salz)
Benzoic acid, sodium salt
Benzoic acid, sodium salt (1:1)
Benzoat de sodiu (ro)
Benzoate de sodium (fr)
Benzoato de sodio (es)
Benzoato de sódio (pt)
Benzoato di sodio (it)
Benzoesan sodu (pl)
Benzoát sodný (cs)
Benzoát sodný (sk)
Benżoat tas-sodju (mt)
Naatriumbensoaat (et)
Natrijev benzoat (hr)
Natrijev benzoat (sl)
