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SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE

Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is a moderately water soluble crystalline Sodium source that decomposes to Sodium oxide on heating. Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is generally immediately available in most volumes. All metallic acetates are inorganic salts containing a metal cation and the acetate anion, a univalent (-1 charge) polyatomic ion composed of two carbon atoms ionically bound to three hydrogen and two oxygen atoms (Symbol: CH3COO) for a total formula weight of 59.05.

CAS No. : 6131-90-4
EC No. : 204-823-8

Synonyms:
SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE; 6131-90-4; SAT; SATH; Sodium Acetate Tri-hydrate; Sodium Acetate Tri hydrate; Acetic acid, sodium salt, trihydrate; sodyum asetat trihidrat; sodiyum asetat trihidrat; sıcak buz; kuru buz; sodıum acetate trıhydrate; Thomaegelin; Plasmafusin; Tutofusin; sodium;acetate;trihydrate; Natrium acetate-3-wasser; MFCD00071557; UNII-4550K0SC9B; Acetic acid sodium salt trihydrate; 4550K0SC9B; Sodium acetate [USP:JAN]; Sodium acetate [USAN:JAN]; Acetic acid, sodium salt trihydrate, 99+%, for biochemistry; Sodium acetate (TN); sodium acetatetrihydrate; Sodium acetate (USP); AcONa.3H2O; natriumacetate trihydrate; sodium acetate-trihydrate; C2H9NaO5; sodium acetate. trihydrate; sodium acetate--water (1/3); Sodium acetate hydrate (JP17); SODIUM ACETATE, TRIHYDRATE; Sodium acetate trihydrate ACS reagent; AKOS015904397; Sodium acetate trihydrate (Compound); Acetic acid sodium salt trihydrate; Sodium acetate; Sodium ethanoate; Hot ice (sodium acetate trihydrate); Sodium acetate hydrate, Acetic acid sodium salt trihydrate, Sodium ethanoate trihydrate, Thomaegelin, Plasmafusin, Tutofusin, 6131-90-4, Natrium acetate-3-wasser, Acetic acid, sodium salt, trihydrate; Acetic acid, sodium salt, hydrate (1:1:3) / Acetic acid, sodium salt, trihydrate / Sodium acetate; Sodium acetate; 127-09-3; Acetic acid, sodium salt; Sodium acetate anhydrous; Acetic acid sodium salt; Sodium acetate, anhydrous; Anhydrous sodium acetate; Sodii acetas; Sodium ethanoate; Sodium;acetate; Natrium aceticum; Octan sodny [Czech]; Caswell No. 741A; FEMA No. 3024; Natriumacetat [German]; sodium-acetate; FEMA Number 3024; Acetic acid, sodium salt (1:1); NaOAc; SODIUM DIACETATE; CHEBI:32954; Natriumazetat; 126-96-5; CHEMBL1354; Octan sodny; NSC-77459; Sodium Acetate In Plastic Container; C2H3NaO2; Acetic acid, sodium salt, 99%, for HPLC, anhydrous; Acetic acid, sodium salt trihydrate, 99+%, ACS reagent; Acetic acid, sodium salt trihydrate, 99+%, extra pure; Acetic acid, sodium salt, 99+%, ACS reagent, anhydrous; Acetic acid, sodium salt, 99+%, extra pure, anhydrous; sodiumacetate; Acetic acid, sodium salt trihydrate, 99.5%, for analysis; Acetic acid, sodium salt, 99%, for biochemistry, anhydrous; Acetic acid, sodium salt, 99+%, for analysis, anhydrous; sodium aceate; AcONa; Acetic acid, sodium salt, 99+%, for molecular biology, anhydrous, DNAse, RNAse and Protease free; Sodium Acetate Trihydrate; Acetic acidsodium salt; Sodium acetate solution; PubChem18178; short chain fatty acids; Sodium Acetate ,(S); CH3CO2Na; Sodium acetate,anhydrous; Sodium acetate solution, 0.3 M; Sodium acetate, biochemical grade; Sodium Acetate Anhydrous ACS USP; Sodium acetate, BioXtra, >=99.0%; DB09395; Sodium acetate, ReagentPlus(R), 99%; Sodium acetate, for HPLC, >=99.5%; Acetate, 1M buffer solution, pH, 3.0; Sodium acetate, AR, anhydrous, >=99%; Sodium acetate, LR, anhydrous, >=98%; Sodium acetate, ACS reagent, >=99.0%; Sodium Acetate Anhydrous, >99%, FCC, FG; Sodium acetate, 99.995% trace metals basis; Sodium acetate, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%; Sodium acetate, Trace metals grade, 99.99%; Sodium acetate, for HPLC, 99.0-101.0% (NT); Sodium acetate, puriss., anhydrous, >=98%, powder; Sodium acetate, anhydrous, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%; Sodium acetate, anhydrous, for molecular biology, >=99%; Sodium acetate, for electrophoresis, >=99%, crystalline; Sodium acetate, 1M aqueous solution, pH 4.5, RNAse free; Sodium acetate, meets USP testing specifications, anhydrous

Sodium Acetate Trihydrate

Sodium acetate trihydrate, NaCH3COO, also abbreviated NaOAc, is the sodium salt of acetic acid. This colorless deliquescent salt has a wide range of uses.

Applications of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate
Biotechnological
Sodium acetate trihydrate is used as the carbon source for culturing bacteria. Sodium acetate trihydrate is also useful for increasing yields of DNA isolation by ethanol precipitation.

Industrial
Sodium acetate trihydrate is used in the textile industry to neutralize sulfuric acid waste streams and also as a photoresist while using aniline dyes. It is also a pickling agent in chrome tanning and helps to impede vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production. In processing cotton for disposable cotton pads, Sodium acetate trihydrate is used to eliminate the buildup of static electricity.

Concrete longevity
Sodium acetate trihydrate is used to mitigate water damage to concrete by acting as a concrete sealant, while also being environmentally benign and cheaper than the commonly used epoxy alternative for sealing concrete against water permeation.

Food
Sodium acetate trihydrate may be added to food as a seasoning, sometimes in the form of sodium diacetate, a one-to-one complex of Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid, given the E-number E262. It is often used to give potato chips a salt and vinegar flavor. Sodium acetate trihydrate (anhydrous) is widely used as a shelf-life extending agent, pH control agent. It is safe to eat at low concentration.

Buffer solution
A solution of Sodium acetate trihydrate (a basic salt of acetic acid) and acetic acid can act as a buffer to keep a relatively constant pH level. This is useful especially in biochemical applications where reactions are pH-dependent in a mildly acidic range (pH 4–6).

Heating pad

A hand warmer containing a supersaturated solution of Sodium acetate trihydrate which releases heat upon crystallization
Sodium acetate trihydrate is also used in heating pads, hand warmers, and hot ice. Sodium acetate trihydrate crystals melt at 136.4 °F/58 °C (to 137.12 °F/58.4 °C), dissolving in their water of crystallization. When they are heated past the melting point and subsequently allowed to cool, the aqueous solution becomes supersaturated. This solution is capable of cooling to room temperature without forming crystals. By pressing on a metal disc within the heating pad, a nucleation center is formed, causing the solution to crystallize back into solid Sodium acetate trihydrate. The bond-forming process of crystallization is exothermic. The latent heat of fusion is about 264–289 kJ/kg. Unlike some types of heat packs, such as those dependent upon irreversible chemical reactions, a Sodium acetate trihydrate heat pack can be easily reused by immersing the pack in boiling water for a few minutes, until the crystals are completely dissolved, and allowing the pack to slowly cool to room temperature.

Preparation

A crystal of Sodium acetate trihydrate (length 1.7 centimetres)
For laboratory use, Sodium acetate trihydrate is inexpensive and usually purchased instead of being synthesized. It is sometimes produced in a laboratory experiment by the reaction of acetic acid, commonly in the 5–8% solution known as vinegar, with sodium carbonate ("washing soda"), sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda"), or sodium hydroxide ("lye", or "caustic soda"). Any of these reactions produce Sodium acetate trihydrate and water. When a sodium and carbonate ion-containing compound is used as the reactant, the carbonate anion from sodium bicarbonate or carbonate, reacts with hydrogen from the carboxyl group (-COOH) in acetic acid, forming carbonic acid. Carbonic acid readily decomposes under normal conditions into gaseous carbon dioxide and water. This is the reaction taking place in the well-known "volcano" that occurs when the household products, baking soda and vinegar, are combined.

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2CO3H2CO3 → CO2 + H2O
Industrially, Sodium acetate trihydrate is prepared by reacting acetic acid with sodium hydroxide using water as the solvent.

CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O
Reactions
Sodium acetate trihydrate can be used to form an ester with an alkyl halide such as bromoethane:

CH3COONa + BrCH2CH3 → CH3COOCH2CH3 + NaBr
Sodium acetate trihydrate undergoes decarboxylation to form methane (CH4) under forcing conditions (pyrolysis in the presence of sodium hydroxide):

CH3COONa + NaOH → CH4 + Na2CO3
Calcium oxide is the typical catalyst used for this reaction. Caesium salts also catalyze this reaction.

Properties of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate
Chemical formula C2H3NaO2
Molar mass 82.034 g·mol−1
Appearance White deliquescent powder
Odor Vinegar (acetic acid) odor when heated to decomposition
Density 1.528 g/cm3 (20 °C, anhydrous)
1.45 g/cm3 (20 °C, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate)
Melting point
58 °C (136 °F; 331 K)
(Sodium Acetate Trihydrate)
Boiling point
122 °C (252 °F; 395 K)
(Sodium Acetate Trihydrate) decomposes
Solubility in water
Trihydrate:
32.9 g/100 mL (-10 °C)
36.2 g/100 mL (0 °C)
46.4 g/100 mL (20 °C)
82 g/100 mL (50 °C)
Solubility Soluble in alcohol, hydrazine, SO2
Solubility in methanol 16 g/100 g (15 °C)
16.55 g/100 g (67.7 °C)
Solubility in ethanol Trihydrate:
5.3 g/100 mL
Solubility in acetone 0.5 g/kg (15 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 24 (20 °C)
4.75 CH3COOH
Basicity (pKb) 9.25
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) −37.6·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD) 1.464

Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is a moderately water soluble crystalline Sodium source that decomposes to Sodium oxide on heating. It is generally immediately available in most volumes. All metallic acetates are inorganic salts containing a metal cation and the acetate anion, a univalent (-1 charge) polyatomic ion composed of two carbon atoms ionically bound to three hydrogen and two oxygen atoms (Symbol: CH3COO) for a total formula weight of 59.05. Acetates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds, catalysts, and nanoscale materials. We also produce Sodium Acetate Trihydrate Solution. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.

Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is chemically designated CH3COONa, a hygroscopic powder very soluble in water. Sodium acetate Trihydrate could be used as additives in food, industry, concrete manufacture, heating pads and in buffer solutions. Medically, sodium acetate is important component as an electrolyte replenisher when given intravenously. Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is mainly indicated to correct sodium levels in hyponatremic patients. It can be used also in metabolic acidosis and for urine alkalinization.

In water, liberates 42.25% available acetic acid; it is bound compound of Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid.

Injection, USP 40 mEq is indicated as a source of sodium, for addition to large volume intravenous fluids to prevent or correct hyponatremia in patients with restricted or no oral intake. It is also useful as an additive for preparing specific intravenous fluid formulas when the needs of the patient cannot be met by standard electrolyte or nutrient solutions. Sodium acetate trihydrate and other bicarbonate precursors are alkalinising agents, and can be used to correct metabolic acidosis, or for alkalinisation of the urine.

Sodium acetate trihydrate Anhydrous is the anhydrous, sodium salt form of acetic acid. Sodium acetate trihydrate anhydrous disassociates in water to form sodium ions (Na+) and acetate ions. Sodium is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid and plays a large part in fluid and electrolyte replacement therapies. Sodium acetate trihydrate anhydrous is used as an electrolyte replenisher in isosmotic solution for parenteral replacement of acute losses of extracellular fluid without disturbing normal electrolyte balance.

In liver, Sodium acetate trihydrate is being metabolized into bicarbonate. To form bicarbonate, acetate is slowly hydrolyzed to carbon dioxide and water, which are then converted to bicarbonate by the addition of a hydrogen ion.

The technical grade is prepared synthetically by reacting sodium carbonate with acetic acid. Special grades are produced by reacting anhydrous Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid.

There are several commercial grades of Sodium acetate trihydrate. Anhydrous 99.0% purity is available as technical, USP and photo grade. Photo grade has a more narrow particle size distribution and the particle density is greater and more uniform. Sodium acetate trihydrate 60% is available as technical, NF, and Food Chemicals Codex. In the form of clean fine crystals, this trihydrate contains about 40% water of crystallization.

Residues of Sodium acetate trihydrate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a buffer in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Sodium acetate trihydrate is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl Sodium acetate trihydrate, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 and 507 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

Substances migrating to food from cotton and cotton fabrics used in dry food packaging that are generally recognised as safe for their intended use include Sodium acetate trihydrate.

Sodium acetate trihydrate used as a general purpose food additivin animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Systemically administered acetate has been shown to cause motor impairment, an effect which is blocked by the adenosine receptor blocker, 8-phenyltheophylline. The effects of Sodium acetate trihydrate were investigated using intracellualr recording techniques in rat hippocampal dentate granule cells, and were compared to the actions of ethanol and adenosine individually and in conjunction with 8-phenyltheophylline. Acetate hyperpolarized the membrane of 0.4-0.8 mM. The amplitude and duration of the postspike train after hyperpolarization were increased by acetate when the cell was repolarized to the control resting membrane potential. Comparable results were seen in voltage clamp. Acetate also decreased spike frequency adaptation. The effects of acetate were mimicked by adenosine (50 uM) and ethanol (20 mM). The ethanol effects occluded those produced by acetate. All of the effects of acetate, adenosine and ethanol could be inhibited with prior perfusion of 8-phenyltheophylline (1-10 uM). These data suggest that the actions of the major metabolite of ethanol, acetate, and adenosine may be mediated by adenosine receptor activation.

Sodium acetate trihydrate was evaluated using the Chernoff/Kavlock in vivo teratology screen procedure. End points analyzed as part of this assay were maternal toxicity and early postnatal growth/viability of offspring. Thirty pregnant CD 1 mice were given 1000 mg/kg/day of Sodium acetate trihydrate by gavage on days 8-12 of gestation and allowed to deliver. Forty vehicle-treated animals were used as controls. Sodium acetate trihydrate induced no observable adverse effects in the dams or their offspring when compared with controls.

Sodium acetate trihydrate, tested on rabbit eyes as 0.1 M solution adjusted to pH 7.0 to 7.5 and made 0.46 osmolar with sodium chloride or sucrose, caused no disturbance of the cornea, though applied continuously for 3 hr.

Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ ...Groups of three to four rats survived for 14 days when given 1800 mg/kg body weight per day of free acid intragastrically or 4200 - 4800 mg/kg body weight of Sodium acetate trihydrate, but survived only three to five days on daily intra-gastric doses of 2400 mg/kg body weight of free acid. Animals lost weight and showed blistered paws and reddened noses before death at fourteen days.

Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Male rats given oral doses of 350 mg/kg body weight of Sodium acetate trihydrate three times weekly for 63 days, then 140 mg/kg body weight three times weekly for 72 days showed no signs of tumors after 135 days.

APPLICATIONS of Sodium acetate trihydrate
Crystallization grade Sodium acetate trihydrate for formulating screens or for optimization
FEATURES of Sodium acetate trihydrate
Sterile filtered solution
Formulated in Type 1+ ultrapure water: 18.2 megaohm-cm resistivity at 25°C, < 5 ppb Total Organic Carbon, bacteria free (<1 Bacteria (CFU/ml)), pyrogen free (<0.03 Endotoxin (EU/ml)), RNase-free (< 0.01 ng/mL) and DNase-free (< 4 pg/µL)

Sodium acetate trihydrate is another chemical, which may be prepared in shop-floor by reacting sodium hydroxide with acetic acid in cold water.

Sodium acetate trihydrate is chemically designated CH3COONa, a hygroscopic powder very soluble in water. Sodium acetate trihydrate could be used as additives in food, industry, concrete manufacture, heating pads and in buffer solutions. Medically, Sodium acetate trihydrate is important component as an electrolyte replenisher when given intravenously. It is mainly indicated to correct sodium levels in hyponatremic patients. It can be used also in metabolic acidosis and for urine alkalinization.

Sodium acetate trihydrate is an organic sodium salt. It contains an acetate.

Sodium acetate trihydrate (anhydrous) is widely used as a shelf-life extending agent, pH control agent.

What is Sodium acetate trihydrate (anhydrous) （CH3COONa）?
Acetic acid has been said to prevent bacteria cultivation and therefore has been used not only to add sour taste but to preserve food.
Sodium acetate trihydrate is a food additive obtained by neutralization of acetic acid. When used as a food additive, Sodium acetate trihydrate can be indicated by its group name, substance name, or abbreviated name according to the purpose of use.

What is a shelf-life extending agent?
A sanitizer, antioxidant, and preservative are used to maintain the quality of food. As specified in the regulation in regard to food labeling, an antioxidant and preservative are indicated with the application name as “preservative, etc.” The use of many of these agents is restricted so they are not available to some food.
A shelf-life extending agent, indicated only with its name (Sodium acetate trihydrate), functions like these agents, giving slightly moderate effects. It is highly safe and its use is not restricted.
Sodium acetate trihydrate can prevent bacteria cultivation in a wide range of acidic region. It also functions as a buffer as well. When used to add sour taste to food, acetic acid is generally selected, but combination of Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid can make the taste mild.

Uses for Sodium acetate trihydrate

Sodium acetate trihydrate is the sodium salt of acetic acid. It has the chemical formula C2H3O2Na and is also known as sodium ethanoate. It is an inexpensive chemical that has a wide range of uses, including as a food additive and pickling agent or a laboratory reagent. It is also the prime ingredient in portable, reusable, chemical-based heating packs.

Food Additive
Sodium acetate trihydrate is added to food to help prevent bacterial growth. As an acid, it acts as a neutralizing agent for basic or alkaline foods and can also act as a buffer to help maintain a specific pH. The sodium can also be used to enhance flavors. Unlike many food additives, Sodium acetate trihydrate has no known adverse effects.

Pickling Agent
Pickling is method of preserving food that not only stops or greatly slows down spoiling caused by microorganisms, but it is a food preservation method that can also enhance flavor. The use of Sodium acetate trihydrate in pickling is similar to its use as a more simple food additive, but picking uses Sodium acetate trihydrate in much greater quantities and for longer periods of time. Essentially, food to be pickled, such as a cucumber, is soaked in an acid solution. This imparts a very salty or sour taste. The salty taste comes from the sodium ions, and the sour taste comes from the acetate ions, the ion of acetic acid.

Laboratory Use
Sodium acetate trihydrate is a very common reagent used in molecular biology and biochemistry labs, among others. Colorado State University notes that researchers use it to extra DNA from cells. The positive sodium cations bind to the negative phosphate charges on the DNA, helping the DNA to condense. In the presence of ethanol, or similar alcohol, DNA forms a precipitate that can then be separated from the aqueous layer.

Industrial Use
Sodium acetate trihydrate neutralizes the very strong sulfuric acid found in waste streams. It can be used in certain photography processes, helping impart a particular pattern of coating on surfaces. On metallic surfaces, it can help remove impurities, stains, rust or scale and can also aid in the tanning process of leather, as well as cure chloroprene, a synthetic rubber product.

Heating Pad
Those chemical heating pads or hand warmers that you can find at the drug store consist of a supersaturated solution of Sodium acetate trihydrate in water. Manufacturers place a flat, notched, metal disc in the solution. Flexing or moving the disk releases a very small amount of crystals of Sodium acetate trihydrate that have adhered to the disk. These crystals then start a chain reaction of crystallization with the rest of the Sodium acetate trihydrate. This reaction occurs quickly, releasing a lot of energy stored in the Sodium acetate trihydrate crystal framework. When the Sodium acetate trihydrate molecules crystallize, forming a solid, heat is released.

The pad is reusable as the Sodium acetate trihydrate can return to the supersaturated liquid state by soaking the heating pad in boiling water and then allowing it to slowly cool to room temperature. During the process, a small amount of Sodium acetate trihydrate crystals will reform on the notched ferrous disk, while the rest of the Sodium acetate trihydrate will exist in the supersaturated liquid state, ready to be reactivated.

Sodium acetate trihydrate, CH3COONa, also abbreviated NaOAc, also sodium ethanoate, is the sodium salt of acetic acid. Its CAS NO is 127-09-3.This colourless salt has a wide range of uses.

Sodium acetate trihydrate is a common chemical that has a wide variety of uses in several industries, including medical, food, textile, health and beauty,. It is the derivative of sodium from acetic acid.

1. Medical Use
Sodium acetate trihydrate can serve as a form of sodium for intravenous use, when doctors need to prevent or manage hyponatremia, the condition of having low sodium in the blood. It is also used in certain combinations for use with renal dialysis.

2. Food Preparation Use
Sodium acetate trihydrate can give salt and vinegar chips their flavor, while also acting as a preservative. The food industry also uses it to improve the flavor of meat and poultry. During food processing, Sodium acetate trihydrate also helps regulate some of the pH levels in certain food products. It has even been said to reduce the risk of hangover when added to alcoholic products.

3. Cosmetic Use
In the health and beauty industry, Sodium acetate trihydrate is used to make soap and a variety of cosmetic products. This is due to its good buffering and neutralizing components.

4. It’s in the Water
More recently, Sodium acetate trihydrate is being used for water treatment, as opposed to the less environmentally-friendly methanol. Sodium acetate trihydrate is used to reduce the damage water can potentially do to concrete by acting as a concrete sealant, while also being environmentally benign and cheaper than the epoxy alternative that is usually employed for sealing concrete against water permeation.

5. Textile Use
The textile industry has a lot of use for Sodium acetate trihydrate as it is able to remove calcium salts, which then lengthens the life of the finished fabric. Sodium acetate trihydrate is also used in the textile industry to neutralize sulfuric acid waste streams, and as a photoresist while using aniline dyes. It is also a pickling agent in chrome tanning, and it helps to retard vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production. In processing cotton for disposable cotton pads, Sodium acetate trihydrate is used to eliminate the buildup of static electricity.

6. Buffer solution
As the conjugate base of acetic acid, a solution of Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid can act as a buffer to keep a relatively constant pH. This is useful especially in biochemical applications where reactions are pH dependent in a mildly acidic range (pH 4-6).

7. Heating pad
Sodium acetate trihydrate is also used in consumer heating pads or hand warmers and is also used in hot ice. Sodium acetate trihydrate trihydrate crystals melt at 58.4°C, (to 58°C ) dissolving in their water of crystallization. When they are heated past the melting point and subsequently allowed to cool, the aqueous solution becomes supersaturated. This solution is capable of cooling to room temperature without forming crystals. By clicking on a metal disc in the heating pad, a nucleation centre is formed which causes the solution to crystallize into solid Sodium acetate trihydrate trihydrate again. The bond-forming process of crystallization is exothermic. The latent heat of fusion is about 264–289 kJ/kg. Unlike some other types of heat packs that depend on irreversible chemical reactions, Sodium acetate trihydrate heat packs can be easily recharged by placing in boiling water for a few minutes until all crystals are dissolved; they can be reused many times.

Sodium acetate trihydrate Solutions are moderate to highly concentrated liquid solutions of Sodium acetate trihydrate. They are an excellent source of Sodium acetate trihydrate for applications requiring solubilized materials. Acetates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds and certain catalyst and nanoscale (nanoparticles and nanopowders) materials. Acetates are also proving useful in the field of solar energy technologies: in January 2013, researchers at the Harbin Institute of Technology's Shenzhen Graduate School found that inserting ultrathin film layers of lithium acetate vastly improved the performance Bulk Quantity Acetate Solution Packagingof polymer bulk-heterojunction solar cells. American Elements can prepare dissolved homogeneous solutions at customer specified concentrations or to the maximum stoichiometric concentration. Packaging is available in 55 gallon drums, smaller units and larger liquid totes. American Elements maintains solution production facilities in the United States, Northern Europe (Liverpool, UK), Southern Europe (Milan, Italy), Australia and China to allow for lower freight costs and quicker delivery to our customers. American Elements metal and rare earth compound solutions have numerous applications, but are commonly used in petrochemical cracking and automotive catalysts, water treatment, plating, textiles, research, and in optic, laser, crystal and glass applications. We also produce Sodium acetate trihydrate Powder. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.

Sodium acetate trihydrate Chemical Properties,Uses,Production
Description of Sodium acetate trihydrate
Sodium acetate trihydrate (CH3COONa) is the sodium salt of acetic acid. Sodium acetate trihydrate appears as a colorless deliquescent salt with a wide range of applications. In industry, it can be used in textile industry to neutralize sulfuric acid waste streams and as a photoresist upon using aniline dyes. In concrete industry, it can be used as a concrete sealant to mitigate the water damage. In food, it can be used as a seasoning. It can also be used as a buffer solution in lab. In addition, it is also used in heating pads, hand warmers and hot ice. For laboratory use, it can be produced by the reaction between acetate with the sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide. In industry, it is prepared from the glacial acetic acid and sodium hydroxide.

Chemical Properties of Sodium acetate trihydrate
Anhydrous salt is a colorless crystalline solid; density 1.528 g/cm3; melts at 324°C; very soluble in water; moderately soluble in ethanol. The colorless crystalline trihydrate has a density 1.45 g/cm3; decomposes at 58°C; is very soluble in water; pH of 0.1M aqueous solution is 8.9; moderately soluble in ethanol, 5.3 g/100mL.

Chemical Properties of Sodium acetate trihydrate
Sodium acetate trihydrate, CH3COONa, also abbreviated NaOAc , also sodium ethanoate, is the sodium salt of acetic acid. This colourless salt has a wide range of uses.

Chemical Properties
Sodium acetate trihydrate is odorless or has a faint acetous odor. Sodium acetate trihydrate effloresces in warm, dry air.

Physical properties of Sodium acetate trihydrate
Anhydrous salt is a colorless crystalline solid; density 1.528 g/cm3; melts at 324°C; very soluble in water; moderately soluble in ethanol. The colorless crystalline trihydrate has a density 1.45 g/cm3; decomposes at 58°C; is very soluble in water; pH of 0.1M aqueous solution is 8.9; moderately soluble in ethanol, 5.3 g/100mL.

Occurrence of Sodium acetate trihydrate
Acetic acid or acetates are present in most plant and animal tissues in small, but detectable amounts

Uses of Sodium acetate trihydrate
Sodium acetate trihydrate is a source of acetic acid that is obtained as crystals or powder. it has a solubility of 1 g in 0.8 ml of water.
Sodium acetate trihydrate, Anhydrous is a source of acetic acid obtained as a granular powder. it has a solubility of 1 g in 2 ml of water.

Uses
This colorless crystal, also known as sodium ethanoate or acetate of soda, was made by the reaction of acetic acid with sodium carbonate. It is soluble in water but less so in alcohol. Sodium acetate trihydrate was used as a pH modifier for toning baths.

Uses
Sodium acetate trihydrate is a mordant in dyeing. Other applications are in photography, as an additive to food, in purification of glucose, in preservation of meat, in tanning, and as a dehydrating agent. In analytical chemistry it is used to prepare buffer solution.
Sodium acetate trihydrate can be used to preserve processed meats and it is often used in combination with other acid based preservatives like lactates and propionates. The typical inclusion level is 0.2 to 0.5%. Sodium acetate trihydrate is also used in salad dressings and ready-to-eat meals.

Uses
Used as buffers.
Acidity regulation (buffering)
Sodium acetate trihydrate mixed with acetic acid forms a pH buffer, which can be used to stabilise the pH of foods in the pH-range from 3 to 6. The table below gives indicative values of the composition needed to give a certain pH. The mixtures below can be diluted at least 10 times with minimum effect on pH, however, the stability decreases.

Preparation of Sodium acetate trihydrate
Sodium acetate trihydrate is prepared by reacting sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate with acetic acid in aqueous solution. The solution is evaporated to obtain hydrated crystals of Sodium acetate trihydrate.
NaOH + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O
Na2CO3 + CH3COOH → 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O

Definition of Sodium acetate trihydrate
A white solid prepared by the neutralization of ethanoic acid with either sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide. Sodium ethanoate reacts with sulfuric acid to form sodium hydrogensulfate and ethanoic acid; with sodium hydroxide it gives rise to sodium carbonate and methane. Sodium ethanoate is used in the dyeing industry.

Application of Sodium acetate trihydrate

2 - 1 - Industrial
Sodium acetate trihydrate is used in the textile industry to neutralize sulfuric acid waste streams, and as a photoresist while using aniline dyes. It is also a pickling agent in chrome tanning, and it helps to retard vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production. In processing cotton for disposable cotton pads, Sodium acetate trihydrate is used to eliminate the buildup of static electricity.

2 - 2 - Concrete longevity
Sodium acetate trihydrate is used to reduce the damage water can potentially do to concrete by acting as a concrete sealant, while also being environmentally benign and cheaper than the epoxy alternative that is usually employed for sealing concrete against water permeation.

2 - 3 - Food
Sodium acetate trihydrate may be added to foods as a seasoning. It may be used in the form of sodium diacetate — a 1:1 complex of Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid, given the E-number E262. A frequent use is to impart a salt and vinegar flavor to potato chips.

2 - 4 - Buffer solution
As the conjugate base of acetic acid, a solution of Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid can act as a buffer to keep a relatively constant pH.

2 - 5 - Heating pad
Sodium acetate trihydrate is also used in consumer heating pads or hand warmers and is also used in hot ice. Sodium acetate trihydrate trihydrate crystals melt at 58.4°C , (to 58°C ) dissolving in their water of crystallization. When they are heated to around 100°C, and subsequently allowed to cool, the aqueous solution becomes supersaturated. This solution is capable of cooling to room temperature with out forming crystals.

Preparation of Sodium acetate trihydrate
For laboratory use, Sodium acetate trihydrate is very inexpensive, and is usually purchased instead of being synthesized. It is sometimes produced in a laboratory experiment by the reaction of acetic acid (ethanoic acid) with sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydroxide. These reactions produce aqueous Sodium acetate trihydrate and water. Carbon dioxide is produced in the reaction with sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, and it leaves the reaction vessel as a gas (unless the reaction vessel is pressurized). This is the well-known "volcano" reaction between baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and vinegar.
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
Industrially, Sodium acetate trihydrate is prepared from glacial acetic acid and sodium hydroxide.
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O .

Reactions of Sodium acetate trihydrate
Sodium acetate trihydrate can be used to form an ester with an alkyl halide such as bromo ethane:
CH3COONa + Br CH2CH3→ CH3COOCH2CH3+ NaBr
Caesium salts catalyze this reaction.

Reactivity Profile of Sodium acetate trihydrate
When Sodium acetate trihydrate reacts with strong acids, irritating, noxious vapors of acetic acid are usually produced. Sodium acetate trihydrate is sufficiently basic to catalyze the violent polymerization of diketene, perhaps as well as other reactive dimers that are susceptible to polymerization in the presence of a mild base.

Biological Activity of Sodium acetate trihydrate

Commonly used laboratory reagent
Safety Profile of Sodium acetate trihydrate
Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A skin and eye irritant. Migrates to food from packagmg materials. Violent reaction with F2, m03, diketene. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Na2O.

Chemical Synthesis of Sodium acetate trihydrate
Acetic acid plus sodium bicarbonate makes Sodium acetate trihydrate plus carbonic acid. Produced by the neutralization of acetic acid with sodium bicarbonate, or by treating calcium acetate with sodium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate.