SYNONYMS: sodium benzoate; 532-32-1; Benzoic acid, sodium salt; Sobenate; Antimol; Benzoic acid sodium salt; Benzoate sodium; Benzoate of soda; Benzoate, sodium; Sodium benzoate solution ;Carboxybenzene sodium salt ;EINECS 208-534-8
Sodium benzoate is a substance which has the chemical formula NaC7H5O2. It is a widely used food preservative, with an E number of E211. It is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and exists in this form when dissolved in water.
CAS NUMBER:532-32-1
EC NUMBER:208-534-8 , 208-534-8
SYNONYMS:
sodium benzoate;532-32-1;Benzoic acid, sodium salt;Sobenate;Antimol;Benzoic acid sodium salt;Benzoate sodium;Benzoate of soda;Benzoate, sodium;Natrium benzoicum;Caswell No. 746;Benzoan sodny [Czech];FEMA Number 3025;UNII-OJ245FE5EU;FEMA No. 3025;CCRIS 3921;HSDB 696;Benzoesaeure (na-salz) [German];Sodium benzoate solution;Carboxybenzene sodium salt;EINECS 208-534-8;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009103;OJ245FE5EU;E211;sodium;benzoate;AI3-07835;Benzoic acid, sodium salt (1:1);Sodiumbenzoate;Benzoan sodny;Benzoesaeure (na-salz);C7H5NaO2;Sodium benzoate [USAN:JAN];BzONa;Sodium benzoate [USAN:JAN:NF];Sodium Benzoate USP;NATRII BENZOAS;Sodium Benzoate,(S);AC1LANVB;Sodiumbenzoate (TN);SODIUM BENZONATE;PUROX S;BENZOTRON(R);DSSTox_CID_140;E211, benzoate of soda;SCHEMBL823;ACMC-209l4v;EC 208-534-8;C7H5O2.Na;CHEMBL1356;DSSTox_RID_75393;DSSTox_GSID_20140;KSC271E6B;Sodium benzoate (JP17/NF);AC1Q1V61;DTXSID1020140;CTK1H1260;FEMA 3025;Sodium benzoate, 99% 500g;CHEBI:113455;MolPort-002-317-245;WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M;LABOTEST-BB LTBB002151;RONACARE(R) SODIUM BENZOATE;KS-00000X0T;Tox21_300125;ANW-31661;LABOTEST-BB LT03328366;MFCD00012463;AKOS003053000;AKOS015890021; AS01250;LS-2390;RL03967;RTR-018824;TRA0071045;NCGC00254072-01;AN-23553;CAS-532-32-1;KB-60502;SC-27055;AB1009551;TR-018824;FT-0645126;S0593;S0855;3860-EP2270007A1;3860-EP2270101A1;3860-EP2275105A1;3860-EP2275412A1;3860-EP2280009A1;3860-EP2287154A1;3860-EP2287160A1;3860-EP2289893A1;3860-EP2292611A1;3860-EP2295424A1;3860-EP2295426A1;3860-EP2295427A1;3860-EP2298735A1;3860-EP2298744A2;3860-EP2301924A1;3860-EP2301937A1;3860-EP2305673A1;3860-EP2305680A2;3860-EP2308877A1;3860-EP2311809A1;3860-EP2311821A1;3860-EP2311825A1;3860-EP2311834A1;3860-EP2311842A2;3860-EP2314575A1;3860-EP2314583A1;3860-EP2314584A1;D02277;A829462;I01-5022,J-519752;1011270-78-2;1219807-20-1;1351865-09-2;208-534-8 [EINECS];532-32-1 [RN];Benzoan sodny [Czech];Benzoate de sodium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name];Benzoate, sodium;Benzoic acid sodium salt;BENZOIC ACID, SODIUM SALT;Benzoic acid, sodium salt (1:1) [ACD/Index Name];Natriumbenzoat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name];Natriumbenzolcarboxylat [German];OJ245FE5EU;Sodium Benzoate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [JAN] [JP15] [NF] [USAN] [Wiki];[532-32-1];1173022-20-2 [RN];62790-26-5 [RN];AMMONUL;Antimol;Benzoan sodny [Czech];BENZOATE OF SODA;Benzoesaeure (na-salz) [German];Benzoesaeure (na-salz) [German];BENZOIC ACID, SODIUM SALT-;BENZOTRON;E211;EINECS 208-534-8;MFCD00012463 [MDL number];Natrium benzoicum;SCHEMBL128630;Sobenate;Sodium [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki];sodium and benzoate;Sodium Benzoate (Fragrance Grade);Sodium Benzoate NF FCC;Sodium Benzoate USP;SODIUM BENZOATE-3,4,5-D3;Sodium Benzoate-d5;UCEPHAN;UNII:OJ245FE5EU;UNII-OJ245FE5EU;???? [Chinese];Benzoate of soda;AI3-07835;Antimol;Benzoan sodny;Benzoan sodny [Czech];Benzoate of soda;Benzoate sodium;Benzoesaeure (na-salz);Benzoesaeure (na-salz) [German];CCRIS 3921;Caswell No. 746;EINECS 208-534-8;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009103;FEMA No. 3025;FEMA Number 3025;HSDB 696; Natrium benzoicum;Sobenate;Sodium benzoate;Sodium benzoate,sodium salt of benzenecarboxylic acid; sodium salt of phenylcarboxylic acidSodium benzoate and sodium phenylacetate;Ammunol;C8H7O2.C7H5O2.2Na;Sodium phenylacetate and sodium benzoate;LS-178456;SODIUM BENZOATE; SODIUM PHENYLACETATE;Sodium benzoate mixture with sodium phenylacetate;Sodium phenylacetate mixture with sodium benzoate;725747-03-5;Benzoate, Sodium; Sodium Benzoate; sodium benzoate; 532-32-1; Benzoic acid, sodium salt; Sobenate; Antimol; Benzoic acid sodium salt; Benzoate sodium; Benzoate of soda; Benzoate, sodium; Natrium benzoicum; Caswell No. 746; Benzoan sodny [Czech]; FEMA Number 3025; UNII-OJ245FE5EU; FEMA No. 3025; CCRIS 3921; HSDB 696; Benzoesaeure (na-salz) [German]; Sodium benzoate solution; Carboxybenzene sodium salt; EINECS 208-534-8; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009103; OJ245FE5EU; E211; sodium;benzoate; AI3-07835; Benzoic acid, sodium salt (1:1); Sodiumbenzoate; Benzoan sodny; Benzoesaeure (na-salz); C7H5NaO2; Sodium benzoate [USAN:JAN]; BzONa; Sodium benzoate [USAN:JAN:NF]; Sodium Benzoate USP; NATRII BENZOAS; Sodium Benzoate,(S); AC1LANVB; Sodium benzoate (TN); SODIUM BENZONATE; PUROX S; BENZOTRON(R); DSSTox_CID_140; E211, benzoate of soda; SCHEMBL823; ACMC-209l4v; EC 208-534-8; C7H5O2.Na; CHEMBL1356; DSSTox_RID_75393; DSSTox_GSID_20140; KSC271E6B; Sodium benzoate (JP17/NF); AC1Q1V61; DTXSID1020140; CTK1H1260; FEMA 3025; Sodium benzoate, 99% 500g; CHEBI:113455; MolPort-002-317-245; WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M; LABOTEST-BB LTBB002151; Sodium Benzoate (Fragrance Grade); RONACARE(R) SODIUM BENZOATE; KS-00000X0T; Tox21_300125; ANW-31661; LABOTEST-BB LT03328366; MFCD00012463; AKOS003053000; AKOS015890021; AS01250; LS-2390; RL03967; RTR-018824; TRA0071045; NCGC00254072-01; AN-23553; CAS-532-32-1; KB-60502; SC-27055; AB1009551; TR-018824; FT-0645126; S0593; S0855; 3860-EP2270007A1; 3860-EP2270101A1; 3860-EP2275105A1; 3860-EP2275412A1; 3860-EP2280009A1; 3860-EP2287154A1; 3860-EP2287160A1; 3860-EP2289893A1; 3860-EP2292611A1; 3860-EP2295424A1; 3860-EP2295426A1; 3860-EP2295427A1; 3860; EP2298735A1; 3860-EP2298744A2; 3860-EP2301924A1; 3860-EP2301937A1; 3860-EP2305673A1; 3860-EP2305680A2; 3860-EP2308877A1; 3860-EP2311809A1; 3860-EP2311821A1; 3860-EP2311825A1; 3860-EP2311834A1; 3860-EP2311842A2; 3860-EP2314575A1; 3860-EP2314583A1; 3860-EP2314584A1; D02277; A829462; I01-5022; J-519752; 1011270-78-2; 1219807-20-1; 1351865-09-2; sodiyum benzoat; sodyum benzoate; sodium benzoat; sodyum benzat; sodium benzat; sodium benzoat; SODİYUM BENZOATE; sodyum benzoate; benzoate de sodium
SODIUM BENZOATE
Sodium benzoate is an organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion. It has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative, a drug allergen, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor, an algal metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite and a plant metabolite. It contains a benzoate.
The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.
PROPERTIES
Sodium benzoate is a substance which has the chemical formula NaC7H5O2. It is a widely used food preservative, with an E number of E211. It is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and exists in this form when dissolved in water. It can be produced by reacting sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid.Sodium benzoate occurs naturally, along with benzoic acid and its esters, in many foods.Fruits and vegetables can be rich sources, particularly berries such as cranberry and bilberry, other sources include seafood such as prawns, and dairy products like milk, cheese and yogurt.
Sodium benzoate is a preservative, with the E number E211. It is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (i.e. acetic acid in vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (acetic acid), and condiment. It is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics. Under these conditions it is converted into benzoic acid (E210), which is bacteriostatic and fungistatic. Benzoic acid is generally not used directly due to its poor water solubility. Concentration as a food preservative is limited by the FDA in the U.S. to 0.1% by weight.Sodium benzoate is also allowed as an animal food additive at up to 0.1%, according to AFCO's official publication.Sodium benzoate has been replaced by potassium sorbate in the majority of soft drinks in the United Kingdom
Sodium benzoate is used as a treatment for urea cycle disorders due to its ability to bind amino acids.This leads to excretion of these amino acids and a decrease in ammonia levels. Recent research shows that sodium benzoate may be beneficial as an add-on therapy (1 gram/day) in schizophrenia.Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores dropped by 21% compared to placebo.Sodium benzoate is used to treat hyperammonemia
Sodium benzoate is a synthetic chemical produced when benzoic acid, which is found naturally in some fruits and spices, is combined with sodium hydroxide. Since sodium benzoate contains a natural ingredient, it is probably safe, right? After all, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Canadian Health Protection Branch have pronounced this chemical preservative to be acceptable when consumed in low amounts.
Sodium benzoate is a sodium salt that is present at extremely low levels in berries, apples, plums, cinnamon, and several other natural foods. There’s nothing scary about the chemical in these items. But lab-synthesized sodium benzoate (and its close relative, benzoic acid) are a different story. When these preservatives are added to foods and to the interior of metal cans that contain beverages or liquid foods, they can have a detrimental effect on your health.
Sodium Benzoate is a salt of Benzoic Acid, found naturally in cranberries, prunes, plums, cinnamon, ripe cloves, and apples and used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care product formulas as a fragrance ingredient, masking ingredient, anti-corrosive agent, and most frequently, as a preservative. As a preservative, it prevents bacteria and fungi from developing in products and formulas and changing their compositions (Wikipedia). When combined with caffeine in Caffeine Sodium Benzoate, it can have a sunscreen effect, and provide UVB protection with antioxidant activity.
Sodium Benzoate is primarily used as FDA GRAS food additive and preservative in food and beverage applications to reduce or inhibit activity of microorganisms. These products, produced at our GFSI (FSSC 22000) certified facility, are also used in a wide range of other applications such as pharmaceuticals, toiletries, adhesives, pastes, polishes, cleaners, and emulsions. Benzoate salts are typically used at 0.1% in food and beverage applications, and up to 1% in cosmetic and household products. Potassium benzoate is designed to replace sodium benzoate in applications where low sodium content is desired. We serve our customers globally, providing several grades and physical forms from our facilities in Kalama, WA (USA) and Rotterdam, The Netherlands
sodium benzoate is a highly effective preservative. It is widely used for preserving foods, beverages (especially diet soft drinks), pharmaceuticals, toiletries, adhesives, pastes, polishes, cleaners, and emulsions. Common food uses include fruit juices and fruit salads, jellies, salad dressings, and sauces. It is also used to preserve low alcohol (< 15%) beverages as well as non-alcoholic beer.Sodium benzoate is an FDA GRAS food additive, approved for use as an antimicrobial agent, and as a flavoring agent and adjuvant (21 CFR § 184.1733). It also has applications in the industrial sector where it is used as a corrosion inhibitor in automotive cooling systems and in paper and wrapping materials.
Sodium benzoate has a chemical formula of C7H5NaO2. Sodium benzoate is an antimicrobial preservative and flavoring agent used in the food industry and a tablet and capsule lubricant used in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.Sodium benzoate is synthesized by combining benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide. Sodium benzoate does not occur naturally, but when it is mixed with water it produces benzoic acid, which can be found naturally in certain fruits such as plums, cranberries and apples. In the food industry, sodium benzoate is used in foods with an acidic pH such as pickles and salad dressings, in carbonated beverages, and in some fruit juice products.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specifies a maximum level of 0.1 percent of sodium benzoate in food and at this level sodium benzoate is generally recognized as safe by the FDA. Toxicity of any type would not typically occur until a human ate a diet that contained ninety times the amount specified by the FDA. These low levels are most likely used in the pharmaceutical industry, as well.When sodium benzoate is combined with vitamin C, as in some soft drinks and other beverages, and exposed to elevated temperatures or light the cancer-causing chemical benzene may form. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum benzene level is set at 5 parts per billion (ppb) for drinking water, as a quality standard. In 2005-2007, the FDA sampled various soft drinks and other beverages that contained both single sodium benzoate and combined sodium benzoate and vitamin C and found that the vast majority of these beverages fell below the maximum level. Those products that were above the upper limit have since been reformulated. However, the FDA did not test every beverage on the market. FDA believes that the results of the surveys indicate that the levels of benzene found in soft drinks do not pose a safety concern.
Sodium benzoate has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the corrosion of mild steel in distilled water, a moderately hard mains-water and very dilute (e.g. 0·03%) sodium chloride solutions. The concentration of benzoate required for inhibition is greater (0·5%) for machined than for emeried surfaces (0·1% in favourable conditions) and for mains water or chloride solutions (1·0 or 1·5%) as compared with distilled water (0·5%).Movement of the solution, or saturation with oxygen, assists inhibition, but a pH below 6 causes breakdown. Comparisons with sodium chromate show that sodium benzoate is less efficient; it is, however, a ‘safe’ inhibitor since it does not lead to intense localized corrosion when the concentration is just below the minimum for protection. The following benzoates have also been shown to possess inhibitive properties: potassium, lithium, zinc and magnesium. Zinc is partly, and copper and aluminium completely, protected in 0·05% sodium benzoate solution at room temperature.An unusually high rate of hydrogen gas evolution occurs in dilute sodium chloride solutions containing insufficient sodium benzoate for complete inhibition. A tentative explanation is suggested. The detailed mechanism of the protective action of sodium benzoate is not yet established, but electrode-potential measurements and film-stripping experiments provide evidence for the view that anodio inhibition produces and maintains a continuous film. Electron-diffraction examination of the stripped film has so far yielded definite evidence of ?-ferric oxide (or Fe3O4) only.
Sodium Benzoate is primarily used as a preservative in food and beverage applications as an antimicrobial agent. Sodium Benzoate is typically used at levels up to 0.1% in food and beverage, is FDA Approved and GRAS classified. It is most suitable when used in foods and beverages with a pH of 4.5 or below.Uses for Sodium Benzoate are in carbonated and non-carbonated beverages, fruit and fruit juices, syrups, jams and jellies, olives, pickles, condiments and breads. Velsicol Sodium Benzoate is NF / FCC Grade / BP2015 / USP38, REACH registered and Halal and Kosher certified.
Clozapine is the last-line antipsychotic agent for refractory schizophrenia. To date, there is no convincing evidence for augmentation on clozapine. Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, including inhibition of D-amino acid oxidase that may metabolize D-amino acids, has been reported to be beneficial for patients receiving antipsychotics other than clozapine. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of a D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor, sodium benzoate, for schizophrenia patients who had poor response to clozapine.
Sodium benzoate, also known as benzoic acid sodium, is commonly used as food preservatives in food industry, odorless or with slight smell of benzoin, and tastes sweet astringency. Stable in air, can absorb moisture in open air. It’s naturally found in blueberry, apple, plum, cranberry, prunes, cinnamon and cloves, with weaker antiseptic performance than benzoic acid. Antiseptic performance of 1.180g sodium benzoate is equivalent of about 1g benzoic acid. In acidic environment, sodium benzoate have obvious inhibitory effect on a variety of microorganisms: when pH is at 3.5, 0.05% solution can completely inhibit the growth of yeast; while when pH is above 5.5, it has poor effect on a lot of mold and yeast; hardly has any effect in alkaline solution. After sodium benzoate enters into the body, in the process of biotransformation, it would combine with glycine to be uric acid, or combine with glucuronic acid to be glucosiduronic acid, and all to be eliminated from the body in urine, not to accumulate in the body. As long as it is within the scope of the normal dosage, it would be harmless to the human body, and it is a safe preservatives. It also can be used for carbonated beverages, concentrated juice, margarine, chewing gum base, jam, jelly, soy sauce, etc. Human acceptable daily intake (ADI) < 5 mg/kg body weight (take benzoic acid as calculation basis).
Sodium benzoate has big lipophilicity, and it is easy to penetrate cell membrane into the cells, interfere in permeability of cell membrane, and inhibit cell membrane’s absorption of amino acids; cause Ionization acidification of alkaline storage in the cell when entering into, inhibit activity of respiratory enzymes, and stop condensation reaction of acetyl coenzyme A, and thereby achieve the purpose of food antiseptic.
The above information is edited by the Chemicalbook He Liaopu.
Sodium benzoate is a white granular or crystalline powdered chemical, which can be commonly be used as a food additive or preservative in food industry. It can find applications as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of some rare diseases like hyperammonemia and non-ketotic hyperglycinemia.
Sodium benzoate is a preservative found in a variety of foods, beverages and condiments. While it is generally recognized as safe in small doses, sodium benzoate may cause harmful health effects under certain conditions. Learning the facts on sodium benzoate allows you to assess its risks and benefits more accurately.
Sodium benzoate (SB) is one of the most widely used additives in food products in the world. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of three different concentrations of SB on the DNA breakage in liver cells and on the micronuclei formation and the mitotic index in lymphocytes of pregnant rats and their fetuses, as well as to evaluate the effects of SB on the fetus development. The results showed that general genomic injuries were present in almost all the liver cell samples obtained from the SB group compared with the control (non-treated) group. This indicates that SB usage may cause DNA damage and increase micronuclei formation. We recommend that pregnant women should avoid consuming foodstuffs containing SB as an additive.
In this study, the genotoxic effects of sodium benzoate (SB) and potassium benzoate (PB) were investigated in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes using chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and micronuclei (MN). The level of nuclear DNA damage of SB and PB were also evaluated using the comet assay. The lymphocytes were incubated with different concentrations of SB (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/ml) and PB (62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/ml). A significant increase was observed in CA, SCE, and MN, in almost all treatments compared to negative controls. SB and PB significantly decreased the mitotic index (MI) in all the treatments, compared to the negative controls. However, neither of the additives affected the replication index (RI). Although SB significantly increased DNA damage, PB did not cause a significant increase in DNA damage. The present results indicate that SB and PB are clastogenic, mutagenic and cytotoxic to human lymphocytes in vitro.
Sodium benzoate is the chemical benzoate of soda (C7H5NaO2), produced by the neutralization of benzoic acid with sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium hydroxide. The salt is not found to occur naturally.
Sodium benzoate is food preservative that inhibits microbial growth. The effects of sodium benzoate preservative on micronucleus induction, chromosome break, and Ala40Thr superoxide dismutase gene mutation in lymphocytes were studied. Sodium benzoate concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0?mg/mL were treated in lymphocyte cell line for 24 and 48?hrs, respectively. Micronucleus test, standard chromosome culture technique, PCR, and automated sequencing technique were done to detect micronucleus, chromosome break, and gene mutation. The results showed that, at 24- and 48-hour. incubation time, sodium benzoate concentrations of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0?mg/mL increased micronucleus formation when comparing with the control group (). At 24- and 48-hour. incubation time, sodium benzoate concentrations of 2.0?mg/mL increased chromosome break when comparing with the control group (). Sodium benzoate did not cause Ala40Thr (GCGACG) in superoxide dismutase gene. Sodium benzoate had the mutagenic and cytotoxic toxicity in lymphocytes caused by micronucleus formation and chromosome break.
Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid , it has been used by food manufacturers for over 80 years to inhibit microbial growth.
Sodium Benzoate is primarily used as a preservative in food and beverage applications as an antimicrobial agent. Sodium Benzoate is typically used at levels up to 0.1% in food and beverage, is FDA Approved and GRAS classified. It is most suitable when used in foods and beverages with a pH of 4.5 or below.Uses for Sodium Benzoate are in carbonated and non-carbonated beverages, fruit and fruit juices, syrups, jams and jellies, olives, pickles, condiments and breads.
Sodium Benzoate, additives, acidulants, buffering agents and preservatives for the food and beverage industry. Sodium Benzoate is a clear, colorless, nearly odorless liquid.
Sodium benzoate E-211 a food preservative having the formula NaC7H5O2. It is the sodium salt of Benzoic acid. The common use of sodium benzoate is to enhance the shelf life of products. It has anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties and works well under acidic conditions. The reaction/process starts with the absorption of benzoic acid into the cell. If the inter-cellular pH falls to 5 or lower, the anaerobic fermentation of glucose through phsphofructokinase decreases sharply, which inhibits the growth and survival of microorganisms that cause food spoilage. The production of sodium benzoate is easily achieved by reaction of sodium hydroxide and benzoic acid.In the US, sodium benzoate is considered safe by FDAThe FDA has limited it to 0.1% of a product by weight (FDA, Sodium benzoate). The International Program on Chemical Safety found no adverse effects in humans at doses of 647–825 mg/kg of body weight per day. Whereas according to World Health organization, 0.2%-0.5%/kg is recommended. If sodium benzoate is taken with Vitamin C, it is less harmful. (WHO, 2000)
Most of the acidic foods such as pickles, salad dressing, fruit juices and soft drinks contain sodium benzoate. Manufacturers also add sodium benzoate to health and beauty products such as mouthwash, shampoo, body lotion and deodorant to prevent bacteria from contaminating these items. Over-the-counter and prescription drugs such as pills, cough syrups, and topical medications can also contain sodium benzoate. In combination with ascorbic acid (vitamin C, E300), sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate may form benzene, a known carcinogen. When tested by the FDA, most beverages that contained both ascorbic acid and benzoate had benzene levels that were below those considered dangerous for consumption by the World Health Organization (5 ppm). Most of the beverages that tested higher have been reformulated and subsequently tested below the safety limit. Heat, light and shelf life can increase the rate at which benzene is formed.Sodium benzoate may trigger or exacerbate symptoms or episodes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, according to the Mayo clinic. The condition is most common in children, but it can be present in adults as well, and affected individuals may be forgetful, have difficulty concentrating and following directions or display impulsiveness. The Food Standards Agency concluded that the observed increases in hyperactive behavior, if real, were more likely to be linked to the artificial colors than to sodium benzoate. The report's author, Jim Stevenson from Southampton University, said: "The results suggest that consumption of certain mixtures of artificial food colours and sodium benzoate preservative is associated with increases in hyperactive behaviour in children. Many other influences are at work, but this at least is one a child can avoid." (FSA, 2007)
Sodium benzoate has effective antimicrobial action against yeasts, molds, food poisoning bacteria and spore-forming bacteria. It is not effective against food spoilage bacteria like clostridia or lactic acid bacteria.Benzoic acid penetrates microorganisms’ cell walls and interferes with their enzymatic cell structure, thereby inhibiting cell growth.It is the effective part of sodium benzoate, because the undissociated acid can readily enter the cell walls.In order to undissociate benzoic acid, the pH level needs to be lower than its pKa. The pKa of benzoic acid is 4.2. Sodium benzoate is most effective in acidified foods with pH 2.5–4.2.3 This pH level is lower than that of sorbic acid and propionic acid.High water activity is needed to form benzoic acid. Sodium benzoate is used in the system with high water activity because such activity is needed to form benzoic acid.
Sodium Benzoate as a preservative to prevent food from moulding. In this form it is safe, however, scientists have shown that negative side-effects occur when it is mixed with Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C). Their studies indicate that it then turns into Benzene, a known carcinogen and DNA-damager. FDA tests find that most beverages, that contain both Ascorbic Acid and Sodium Benzoate, have Benzene levels that are below those considered dangerous for consumption by the World Health Organization.
In addition, most of the beverages that tested higher have since been reformulated. So, we know that in this case – the regulations are working in our favour.
It is, however, important to note that the rate at which benzene is formed differs according to light, heat exposure and the period of time that the product spends on the shelf before consumption.
Sodium benzoate is also a potent inhibitor of an enzyme called D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO).Less of this enzyme is a good thing because DAAO breaks down d-serine, resulting in less d-serine and therefore less activation NMDA receptors (d-serine activates NMDA) (R).Less activation of NMDA receptors has been found to be a contributory factor in multiple chronic, cognitive-based disorders.While researching this article, I was surprised to find 2 double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials of sodium benzoate with positive results for schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s. In schizophrenia, D-amino acid oxidase has been connected to the brain D-serine metabolism and to the regulation of the glutamatergic neurotransmission.In a postmortem study, the activity of DAAO was found to be two-fold higher in schizophrenia (R). By inhibiting this enzyme (DAAO) benzoate is working via a completely different mechanism than its anti-inflammatory and cholesterol lowering role.
Benzoic acid and benzoates are common additives to food, drinks, and other products. They are useful chemicals in manufactured products because they kill or inhibit both bacteria and fungi and can act as preservatives. In general, the chemicals are considered to be safe when they're used in small quantities. There are some situations in which they may be harmful, however.Benzoic acid was first obtained from the resin of trees belonging to the Styrax genus. The fragrant resin smells like vanilla and is sometimes known as gum benzoin. Today benzoic acid is often made in the laboratory from other chemicals instead of being extracted from gum benzoin.
Benzoates are derived from benzoic acid and are more commonly used as food preservatives than the acid. Some people develop allergy-like symptoms when they are exposed to sodium benzoate. When the chemical reacts with vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in drinks under certain conditions, benzene may be produced. Benzene is a carcinogen. A carcinogen is a substance that is capable of causing cancer.
Sodium benzoate is a widely used preservative found in many foods and soft drinks. It is metabolized within mitochondria to produce hippurate, which is then cleared by the kidneys. We previously reported that ingestion of sodium benzoate at the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) dose leads to a robust excursion in the plasma hippurate level . Since previous reports demonstrated adverse effects of benzoate and hippurate on glucose homeostasis in cells and in animal models, we hypothesized that benzoate might represent a widespread and underappreciated diabetogenic dietary exposure in humans. Here, we evaluated whether acute exposure to GRAS levels of sodium benzoate alters insulin and glucose homeostasis through a randomized, controlled, cross-over study of 14 overweight subjects. Serial blood samples were collected following an oral glucose challenge, in the presence or absence of sodium benzoate. Outcome measurements included glucose, insulin, glucagon, as well as temporal mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiles. We did not find a statistically significant effect of an acute oral exposure to sodium benzoate on glucose homeostasis. Of the 146 metabolites targeted, four changed significantly in response to benzoate, including the expected rise in benzoate and hippurate. In addition, anthranilic acid, a tryptophan metabolite, exhibited a robust rise, while acetylglycine dropped. Although our study shows that GRAS doses of benzoate do not have an acute, adverse effect on glucose homeostasis, future studies will be necessary to explore the metabolic impact of chronic benzoate exposure.
Sodium benzoate (NaB), the sodium salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid, is a widely used food preservative and a metabolite of cinnamon. NaB is also of medical importance, as it is a component of Ucephan and Ammonul (both are a combination of sodium benzoate and sodium phenylacetate), Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved drugs used in the treatment of hepatic metabolic defects associated with hyperammonemia, such as the urea cycle disorder in children. The usual FDA-approved dose of NaB for patients with hyperammonemia is 4–10 g/d, which could be increased further during the treatment of acute stage hyperammonemia . It has been reported that a minor amount of NaB is also excreted in the urine of humans . It is nontoxic and can be administered as a solution in drinking water. It has been reported that a 2% solution of NaB in drinking water is safe for lifelong treatment in mice without any noticeable side effects. Recently, we have delineated that NaB is capable of maintaining and/or upregulating Tregs and protecting mice from relapsing-remitting experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). The mechanism by which NaB upregulates Tregs, however, remained unknown.
Sodium benzoate is an important and widely used food additive, however, its self-assembly properties in diverse solvents have been rarely studied. Here, we report different self-assembled aggregates, including sodium benzoate vesicles and sodium benzoate gel, in different solvent environments. Sodium benzoate vesicles and gel were identified by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Thermal Gravity Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) were further employed to study the formation mechanism of the sodium benzoate gel. A possible gel formation mechanism was proposed. Furthermore, sodium benzoate gel has multiple stimulus responsiveness, the addition of hydrochloric acid and metal ions can all cause disaggregation of sodium benzoate gel. Finally, sodium benzoate aggregates were found in calf serum.
Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt, NaC7H5O2, of benzoic acid, C7H6O2. It is produced when bezoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and the sodium ion replaces one of the hydrogen ions in the acid to produce sodium benzoate and water. The chemical is found naturally in fruits such as plums and cranberries, and it is used as a preservative in food and cosmetics because it inhibits the growth of molds and bacteria.In some acidic foods, sodium benzoate may react with ascorbic or citric acid to produce benzene, a potential carcinogenic compound. Although it is sometimes confused with borax or sodium borate, which is a salt of boric acid, the two chemicals are completely different.
Salt of benzoic acid used as a preservative in both cosmetics and food products. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has designated it a “generally recognized as safe” ingredient.
Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt obtained when benzoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide. This is an acid-base reaction that produces a salt, which is sodium benzoate, and water. The chemical formula is:
C7H6O2 + NaOH = NaC7H5O2 + H2O
In water, the compound dissolves and dissocates into a sodium ion and a benzoic acid ion. In its solid form it is a white, granular or crystalline powder that can be added to food or cosmetics.Other sodium compounds with similar names are sodium borate or borax and sodium carbonate or soda. They are sometimes confused with sodium benzoate but are completely different chemicals. Borax is a salt of boric acid and contains boron while soda, distinct from baking soda or sodium bicarbonate, is a salt of carbonic acid. Neither is commonly used as a food additive because they are not as safe as sodium benzoate.
Sodium benzoate keeps molds and bacteria from growing in food and cosmetics. It is found in many fruit drinks, in salad dressings and oils, and in jams. Cosmetic manufacturers use it in skin creams and other cosmetics to keep them fresh. It is found naturally in fruits such as plums and cranberries and in spices such as cinnamon. Use of the chemical is widespread because it is inexpensive and because small concentrations, typically 0.05 - 0.1 percent, are effective.
In solution, the benzoic acid ion is the active ingredient and acts directly on micro-organisms to limit their activity. When used in certain foods such as acid citrus drinks, the sodium benzoate may react with the other acids such as citric or ascorbic acids to form benzene, a potential carcinogenic compound. Because the levels of sodium benzoate in most foods are so low, the corresponding concentration of benzene will also be below dangerous levels. In general, sodium benzoate is a safe, common, inexpensive and effective food additive with possibly some restrictions for a high consumption of certain acid foods.
Sodium benzoate keeps molds and bacteria from growing in food and cosmetics. It is found in many fruit drinks, in salad dressings and oils, and in jams. Cosmetic manufacturers use it in skin creams and other cosmetics to keep them fresh. It is found naturally in fruits such as plums and cranberries and in spices such as cinnamon. Use of the chemical is widespread because it is inexpensive and because small concentrations, typically 0.05 - 0.1 percent, are effective.In solution, the benzoic acid ion is the active ingredient and acts directly on micro-organisms to limit their activity. When used in certain foods such as acid citrus drinks, the sodium benzoate may react with the other acids such as citric or ascorbic acids to form benzene, a potential carcinogenic compound. Because the levels of sodium benzoate in most foods are so low, the corresponding concentration of benzene will also be below dangerous levels. In general, sodium benzoate is a safe, common, inexpensive and effective food additive with possibly some restrictions for a high consumption of certain acid foods.
Sodium benzoate is one of a range of ingredients used as preservatives in Green People products. It is a food grade preservative with specific actions against gram- bacteria, moulds and yeasts.Sodium benzoate is a naturally occurring substance found in many fruits including cranberries, raspberries and cherries. Whilst some people are sensitive to this ingredient when ingested (taken in by mouth), as it is used in cosmetics for external application it is completely safe and very well tolerated.Sodium benzoate is permitted as a preservative by all organic certification bodies worldwide
The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to grow or survive wasdetermined using tryptose broth at pH 5.6 or 5.0, supplementedwith 0, 0.05. 0.1, 0.15. 0.2. 0.25 or 0.3% sodium benzoate, andincubated at 4,13,21 or 35°C. The bacterium grew in benzoatefreecontrols under all conditions except at 4°C and pH 5.0. At pH5.6 and 4°C, after 60 d, L. monocytogenes (initial population ca.103/ml) was inactivated by 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3% sodium benzoate.Other concentrations of benzoate permitted slight growth duringthe first 36 d of incubation followed by a decrease in populationsof the pathogen. At pH 5.0 and 4°C, from 0.15 to 0.3% benzoate
completely inactivated the pathogen in 24 to 30 d, whereas theother concentrations caused a gradual decrease in the populationduring the 66-d incubation period. At 13°C and pH 5.6, L.monocytogenes grew (more at lower than higher concentrations ofbenzoate) in the presence of all concentrations of benzoate except0.25 or 0.3%, which prohibited growth throughout a 264-h incubationperiod. Reducing the pH to 5.0 minimized growth at thetwo low concentrations of benzoate and caused slight decreases inpopulation at the other concentrations of benzoate. At 21 and35°C and pH 5.6, appreciable growth of L. monocytogenes occurredin the presence of 0.2% or less sodium benzoate, whereashigher concentrations were inhibitory, permitting little if anygrowth by the pathogen. Reducing the pH to 5.0 allowed limited
growth of the pathogen at 21 and 35°C when the medium contained0.05 or 0.1% sodium benzoate. Higher concentrationscaused either complete inhibition or inhibition plus partial orcomplete inactivation of the pathogen during incubations of 117h at 21<>C or 78 h at 35°C.
Sodium benzoate is usually given three or four times a day.
-Three times a day: this should be in the morning, early afternoon and at bedtime. Ideally, these times are at least 6 hours apart, for example 8 am, 2 pm and 8 pm.
-Four times a day: this is usually first thing in the morning, at about midday, late in the afternoon and at bedtime. Ideally, these times should be at least 4 hours apart, for example 8 am, midday, 4 pm and 8 pm.
Give the medicine at about the same time(s) each day so that this becomes part of your child’s daily routine, which will help you to remember.
Sodium benzoate is a widespread food preservative that is found in a number of food products. It is basically a type of salt that is, mostly, chemically prepared to preserve a variety of food products from bacteria, yeast and fungi growth. Food products that are acidic often contain sodium benzoate in small amounts. It goes well as a preservative in foods like cold drinks, vinegar, juice and salad dressings. Sodium benzoate is also occurs naturally in fruits like apples, cranberries and plums. Cloves and cinnamons also have a certain amount of sodium benzoate content in them. Although sodium benzoate is found in certain foods and spices naturally, it does not play the role of a preservative for the foods that it is found in.
The most important of the sodium benzoate properties is that it kills bacteria, yeast or fungi growth. It works the best for foods that have pH balance less than 3.6. It is e211 and its chemical formula is NaC6H5CO2. Also, the concentration of sodium benzoate as a food preservative is limited to 0.1% by weight. Sodium benzoate is soluble in water and its melting point is 300 degrees. The taste of sodium benzoate is salty and it the food bitter, if added in larger quantities
To employ high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques to determine edibleadditives in commercial sports drinks.A total of 105 samples including 21 different brands of sports drinks were purchased frommarkets in Tehran, Iran. The process conditions included a C18 column, a mobile phase consisting ofaqueous ammonium acetate buffer (pH = 4.2) and acetonitrile (80:20 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml min–1The injection volume was 20 µL and the UV detector was set at 225 nm.
Results: Mean recovery was between 95 and 106 %. The mean concentrations of sodium benzoateand potassium sorbate in Iranian brands (147.72 and 11.54 ppm, respectively) were significantly higherthan in foreign brands (19.43 and 4.91 ppm, respectively, p < 0.05). The maximum amount of sodiumbenzoate and potassium sorbate was 251.50 ± 18.69 and 96.38 ± 38.56 ppm, respectively, whilecaffeine content was in the range of 293.48 ± 14.33 - 607.32 ± 135.33 ppm.HPLC permits the detection of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate at very lowconcentrations. Furthermore, caffeine was detected in all the sport drinks. Only Brilliant Blue and AlluraRed were detected in the drinks
Sodium Benzoate is primarily used as a food additive and preservative to reduce or inhibit the activity of microorganisms. Sodium benzoate is FDA GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) and is also used widely in other applications such as cosmetics, household items, toiletries, emulsions and other products.
Hawkins is where to buy Sodium Benzoate. Hawkins carries high purity, food grade Sodium Benzoate. Sodium Benzoate is available in bulk.Sodium Benzoate is a preservative. As a food additive it is bacteriostatic and fungistatic under acidic conditions. It is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (vinegar), and condiments.Hawkins Inc. is a Sodium Benzoate supplier. As a Sodium Benzoate distributor Hawkins distributes Sodium Benzoate to various companies for a variety of applications and uses. Our customers depend on Hawkins for a consistent and cost-effective supply of Sodium Benzoate. Hawkins has a team dedicated to ensuring quality of the Sodium Benzoate we supply.
Sodium benzoate is a preservative approved worldwide to maintain quality and taste in foodstuffs. As well as its use as a preservative to maintain the microbiological safety of foodstuffs, sodium benzoate also occurs naturally in a wide range of foods, such as cranberries, at levels that are usually much higher than those at which it is used as a preservative.Sodium benzoate is approved by the European regulatory authorities. It is safe and, as normally consumed, has no negative effects on health.Sodium Benzoate has been in use for more than 100 years and is widely used by the food and beverage industry to maintain quality and taste. It is approved for use in soft drinks by the European Union as well as other international regulatory bodies including the United States, Australia, Canada and Japan.All drinks in which sodium benzoate has been added carry clear labelling in the ingredients list on the bottle or can. The E number for sodium benzoate is E211.
The aim of present work was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite andpotassium sorbate and their synergistic action (sodium nitrite + sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite + potassiumsorbate, sodium benzoate + potassium sorbate) on selected food- spoiling bacteria and fungi, for a potential use infood industry. The following species of microorganisms were tested: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides, Staphylococcusaureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum,Candida albicans, Trichoderma harsianum and Penicillium italicum. The strongest antimicrobial effect was
exerted by sodium nitrite (MIC 0.5 mg/ml) in relation to the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Synergisticaction was noticed against 40% of the tested species (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillusmucoides and Candida albicans) in the case of the sodium nitrite + sodium benzoate combination; and against30% of them (Bacillus mucoides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) in that of the sodium nitrite+ potassium sorbate combination. Escherichia coli manifested the greatest sensitivity to the combined action ofpreservatives, Aspergillus flavus the greatest resistance.
THE chlorination of benzoic acid in alkaline solution by means of sodium hypochlorite is often quoted as an example of the effect of ionisation on orientation. Lossen's experiments1 have been repeated, and it is now found that the product of chlorination contains 48 per cent ortho-, 32 per cent meta- and 20 per cent para-chlorobenzoic acid. This is an unusual type of orientation.
Sodium Benzoate is a powder that is used by many bait makers. Sodium can be used to stop the aging process of meat, preserve urine and fish oils, and is also good for liquid baits and cut up fish.
Directions for meat baits:
Age or taint your meat to the desired level. Then thoroughly mix in the sodium benzoate making sure the sodium benzoate is evenly distributed.
- 2 Tablespoons of Sodium Benzoate per pint of meat
- 1 cup of Sodium Benzoate per gallon of meat
The meat will continue to age slightly because it takes 7-10 days for full effect.
Directions for Urines and Oils:
Take a 5-7 ounces of urine or oil out of your bottle and put it into a bowl or container with lid. Add the appropriate amount of sodium and either whisk or shake the sodium into the 5-7 ounces. Try to dissolve this sodium as much as possible. Then you can return the sodium treated urine or oil back to the container and mix well.
- 2 tablespoons per gallon of urine or oil
Health and Safety
In the United States, sodium benzoate is designated as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration. The International Programme on Chemical Safety found no adverse effects in humans at doses of 647–825 mg/kg of body weight per day.Cats have a significantly lower tolerance against benzoic acid and its salts than rats and mice.The human body rapidly clears sodium benzoate by combining it with glycine to form hippuric acid which is then excreted.The metabolic pathway for this begins with the conversion of benzoate by butyrate-CoA ligase into an intermediate product, benzoyl-CoA,which is then metabolized by glycine N-acyltransferase into hippuric acid.
The amount of sodium benzoate in foods is so low it is unlikely to cause significant side effects in most people. After ingestion, it is absorbed rapidly and metabolized by the liver before being excreted by the kidneys. Sodium benzoate can trigger allergic reactions in some people, though. According to the December 2007 issue of "Environmental Health Perspectives" it has also been implicated as a potential trigger for hyperactivity in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sodium benzoate does in itself not cause the disorder, and more research is needed to determine what role, if any, it plays in worsening hyperactivity.
Hyperactivity
Research published in 2007 for the UK's Food Standards Agency (FSA) suggests that certain artificial colors, when paired with sodium benzoate, may be linked to hyperactive behavior. The results were inconsistent regarding sodium benzoate, so the FSA recommended further study. The Food Standards Agency concluded that the observed increases in hyperactive behavior, if real, were more likely to be linked to the artificial colors than to sodium benzoate.The report's author, Jim Stevenson from Southampton University, said: "The results suggest that consumption of certain mixtures of artificial food colours and sodium benzoate preservative are associated with increases in hyperactive behaviour in children. Many other influences are at work but this at least is one a child can avoid."
Benzene Formation
Benzene is a chemical that has been linked to increased risk of leukemia and other blood cancers. While sodium benzonate doesn't contain benzene, it can form benzene when combined with ascorbic acid. The Organic Consumers Association says benzene levels between two and 20 parts per billion have been found in some soft drinks containing sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C. The safe level of benzene for drinking water is only five parts per billion, making the amounts of benzene in some soft drinks a health concern.
Uses
The most common source of sodium benzoate is food; manufacturers use it as a preservative to prevent spoilage. Acidic products like sauerkraut, jellies and jams, hot sauce and soda are the most common sources of sodium benzoate. Less commonly, sodium benzoate is used as a medication to treat hyperammonemia, a rare disorder that causes excess ammonia to accumulate in the blood. Traces of sodium benzoate are present naturally in some foods and seasonings, including cranberries, cinnamon, prunes and apples.Sodium benzoate is used in acidic foods and products to control bacteria, mold, yeasts, and other microbes. It interferes with their ability to make energy.Because it only converts to benzoic acid in acidic environments, it is not used for its anti-microbial action unless the pH is below about 3.6. In the food industry, it is used in items such as jams, salad dressing, juices, pickles, and carbonated drinks.It is also used as a corrosion inhibitor in automotive anti-freeze products.
APPLICATION
-Its usage level in most kinds of food is 0.05–-0.1%.3 It is used in acidified foods, such as carbonated beverages, fruit juices, cider, pickles, and sauerkraut.
-It is low in cost.
-Sodium chloride has a considerable synergistic effect with it.3
-When used in oil-in-water emulsions, like mayonnaise, sodium benzoate is used in combination with potassium sorbate.2 This mixture has a stronger effect against acid-producing bacteria than either of the two preservatives individually.
-Benzoic acid is ineffective against oxidation and enzymatic spoilage.2 When used in fruit products, sodium benzoate is usually combined with small quantities of sulfur dioxide or other antioxidants.
Molecular Weight of Sodium Benzoate: 144.1 g/mol 2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Sodium Benzoate: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Sodium Benzoate: 2
Rotatable Bond Count of Sodium Benzoate: 1
Exact Mass of Sodium Benzoate: 144.018724 g/mol 2.1
Monoisotopic Mass of Sodium Benzoate: 144.018724 g/mol 2.1
Topological Polar Surface Area of Sodium Benzoate: 40.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count of Sodium Benzoate: 10
Formal Charge of Sodium Benzoate: 0
Complexity of Sodium Benzoate: 108
Isotope Atom Count of Sodium Benzoate: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Sodium Benzoate: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Sodium Benzoate: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Sodium Benzoate: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Sodium Benzoate: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Sodium Benzoate: 2
Compound of Sodium Benzoate Is Canonicalized: Yes