PRODUCTS

SODIUM BENZOATE

Sodium benzoate is used as a preservative to prevent food from molding.
Sodium benzoate is added to a wide variety of foods, including mayonnaise, margarine, carbonated drinks, jams and jellies, sauces, and tomato paste.
Sodium benzoate is used in other household products, too, including mouthwash, lotion, and as a preservative in some medicines.

CAS Number: 532-32-1
EC Number: 208-534-8
MDL number: MFCD00012463
E number: E211 (preservatives)
Molecular Formula: C7H5O2Na or C7H5NaO2 or C6H5COONa or NaC6H5COO
Molecular Weight: 144.10 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
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Sodium benzoate, also known as benzoate of soda, is the sodium salt of benzoic acid, widely used as a food preservative (with an E number of E211) and a pickling agent.
Sodium Benzoate appears as a white crystalline chemical with the formula C6H5COONa.
Sodium benzoate appears as a white, odorless crystalline powder or granules.

Due to its antimicrobial properties, Sodium Benzoate helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and yeast, thus extending the shelf life of cosmetic products.
Its natural origin and effectiveness in preservation make sodium benzoate a popular choice in various personal care products like lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup items, ensuring their safety and longevity.

The chemical formula of Sodium Benzoate is C7H5NaO2.
Sodium benzoate is best known as a preservative used in processed foods and beverages to extend shelf life, though it has several other uses.
Sodium Benzoate’s an odorless, crystalline powder made by combining benzoic acid and sodium hydroxide.

Benzoic acid is a good preservative on its own, and combining it with sodium hydroxide helps it dissolve in products.
Sodium benzoate does not occur naturally, but benzoic acid is found in many plants, including cinnamon, cloves, tomatoes, berries, plums, apples, and cranberries.
Sodium Benzoate Regular is a high-quality preservative supplied in the form of white granules.

Sodium Benzoate meets multiple international standards, including United States Pharmacopeia / National Formulary (USP/NF), Food Chemicals Codex (FCC), and European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur).
In addition, Sodium Benzoate complies with EU Food Additives legislation under the designation E211.

With its excellent antimicrobial properties, Sodium Benzoate effectively inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds in a wide range of acidic products.
The white granular form of Sodium Benzoate ensures easy handling and uniform distribution in formulations.
Certified Kosher (including for Passover) and Halal, Sodium Benzoate is suitable for a wide range of dietary and cultural requirements, making it a reliable choice for global markets.

Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and is widely used as a food preservative, particularly in acid foods like salad dressings and soft drinks.
While sodium benzoate is a manmade substance that does not occur naturally, benzoic acid is found in many fruits and plants, including apples, plums, berries, cinnamon, and tomatoes.

Additionally, certain bacteria produce benzoic acid, most commonly found in fermented dairy products such as yogurt.
When purchasing sodium benzoate as a food, beverage, and personal care product preservative, it is an odorless, white, crystalline powder made by combining benzoic acid and sodium hydroxide.
The addition of sodium hydroxide gives benzoic acid better dissolvability.

As a food additive, sodium benzoate was the first preservative allowed in foods by the FDA.
Today, Sodium Benzoate is classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS), meaning experts consider it safe when used as it’s intended.
Sodium Benzoate is internationally approved as a food preservative and is identified by the number 211 (listed as E211 in Europe).

Sodium Benzoate functions as a preservative by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, mold, and other microbes, preventing product spoilage.
Sodium Benzoate is a sodium salt of benzoic acid.
Sodium Benzoate is a common preservative used in skincare and cosmetics.

Sodium benzoate and benzoic acid occur naturally in many foods, including cranberries, plums, cinnamon, apples, milk, cheese, and yogurt.
Sodium Benzoate comes as a white crystalline solid that readily dissolves in water to form a transparent liquid.
Sodium Benzoate is not a broad spectrum preservative for cosmetic use and should be combined with other preservatives.

If Sodium Benzoate is used as a preservative, the pH of the finished product may need to be lowered enough to release the free acid for useful activity.
Sodium Benzoate is often combined with Potassium Sorbate in low pH products to provide a synergistic preservative effect against yeast and mold.
Sodium benzoate (chemical formula: C6H5CO2Na), and E no. is E211.

Sodium Benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid.
Sodium benzoate is a kind of acidic preservative, which has a good preservative effect under acidic environment.
However, in recent years, Sodium Benzoate has limited usage as its toxicity.

In some countries, such as Japan, have stopped producing sodium benzoate and restricted its use.
Sodium benzoate is white powder or granular.
Sodium Benzoate is without odor or slight benzoin aroma, slightly sweet taste, convergence and soluble in water.

Sodium benzoate is also an acidic preservative.
Sodium Benzoate has no bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect in alkaline medium.
The best anti-corrosion PH is 2.5-4.0, and a 5% solution at PH5.0 is not very good at sterilization.

Sodium benzoate is relatively lipophilic, which can easily penetrate the cell membrane and enter the cell body, interfering with the permeability of the cell membrane and inhibiting the absorption of amino acids by the cell membrane.
Sodium Benzoate enters into the body to ionize the alkali storage in the acidified cells, inhibits the activity of the respiratory enzyme system of the cells, and prevents the acetyl-CoA condensation reaction, so as to achieve the purpose of food preservation.

Sodium benzoate is also an important acid food preservative.
Sodium Benzoate is converted to the effective form of benzoic acid when used.
Chemically, sodium benzoate (C7H5NaO2) is the sodium salt of benzoic acid, made by neutralizing benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide.

In the food additive industry, Sodium Benzoate is often referred to by its code E211 when used in the European Union.
Sodium Benzoate is an odorless, crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water, especially under acidic conditions.
Sodium Benzoate is recognised by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and other regulatory bodies as generally safe when used within prescribed limits.

Sodium Benzoate is a substance which has the chemical formula C₆H₅COONa.
Sodium Benzoate is a widely used food preservative, with an E number of E211.
Sodium Benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and exists in this form when dissolved in water.

Sodium Benzoate can be produced by reacting sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid.
This odorless, crystalline powder, Sodium Benzoate, made from benzoic acid and sodium hydroxide, is used a preservative to extend the shelf life of processed food and beverages.

Sodium Benzoate inhibits the growth of potentially harmful bacteria, mold and other microbes.
Sodium Benzoate is a highly water-soluble organic salt that effectively inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds, particularly in acidic environments.
Because of its excellent antimicrobial performance, low cost, and high formulation compatibility, sodium benzoate has become one of the most important preservatives used worldwide.

The antimicrobial activity of sodium benzoate results from its conversion to benzoic acid under acidic conditions.
Benzoic acid penetrates microbial cell membranes, disrupts intracellular pH balance, inhibits essential metabolic enzymes, and suppresses microbial growth.
This mechanism makes sodium benzoate particularly effective in products with a pH below approximately 4.5.

Sodium benzoate is an organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid with a sodium ion.
Sodium Benzoate has a role as antimicrobial food preservative, drug allergen, EC 1.3.1.1.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor, algal metabolite, human xenobiotic metabolite and plant metabolite.

Sodium benzoate is an acidic preservative, and it does not exhibit bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects in alkaline environments.
Sodium benzoate is an organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.

Sodium Benzoate has a role as an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor, an antimicrobial food preservative, a plant metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an algal metabolite and a drug allergen.
Sodium Benzoate contains a benzoate.
Sodium benzoate is a preservative added to some sodas, packaged foods, and personal care products to prolong shelf life.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM BENZOATE:
Sodium benzoate is extensively used as a preservative in acidic food and beverage products, including carbonated soft drinks, fruit juices, flavored waters, syrups, jams, jellies, fruit preparations, pickles, sauces, salad dressings, vinegar-based products, condiments, and fermented foods.
Sodium Benzoate effectively suppresses the growth of yeasts, molds, and acid-tolerant bacteria, helping to extend shelf life while maintaining product quality.

Sodium benzoate is used as a preservative to prevent food from molding.
Sodium benzoate is added to a wide variety of foods, including mayonnaise, margarine, carbonated drinks, jams and jellies, sauces, and tomato paste.
Sodium Benzoate helps keep products shelf-stable for at least 2 years from the date of purchase and is used in concentrations of less than 0.5% by volume.

Sodium benzoate is used in other household products, too, including mouthwash, lotion, and as a preservative in some medicines.
In the pharmaceutical industry, sodium benzoate functions as a preservative in oral syrups, suspensions, liquid medications, mouthwashes, cough preparations, ophthalmic products (where permitted), topical formulations, and various pharmaceutical excipients requiring microbiological stability.

Sodium Benzoate is widely incorporated into cosmetic and personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, facial cleansers, liquid soaps, body washes, lotions, creams, wet wipes, deodorants, and skincare products, where it prevents microbial contamination during storage and consumer use.
Industrial Uses of Sodium Benzoate: Beyond food and pharma, sodium benzoate is also used in industrial applications including corrosion inhibition in coolants, stabilisers in photo processing, and even in plastics manufacturing.

Sodium benzoate serves as an effective preservative in household cleaning products, liquid detergents, fabric care formulations, dishwashing liquids, industrial cleaners, water-based coatings, adhesives, polymer emulsions, and specialty chemical formulations requiring long-term microbiological protection.
Sodium benzoate is also used in fireworks as a fuel in whistle mix, a powder that emits a whistling noise when compressed into a tube and ignited.

Sodium benzoate is a preservative commonly used in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
Sodium Benzoate is a commonly used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products.
Sodium Benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid, a naturally occurring substance found in fruits like cranberries, plums, and apples.

In the animal nutrition industry, Sodium Benzoate is used as a feed preservative and acidifying additive to improve the microbiological stability of feed products and certain nutritional formulations.
Sodium Benzoate functions as a corrosion inhibitor in selected industrial cooling systems, antifreeze formulations, metalworking fluids, and automotive heat-transfer fluids by helping reduce corrosion of metallic components under controlled operating conditions.

A very widely used preservative, sodium benzoate is used throughout various industries, including food and beverage, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial.
Sodium benzoate is employed as an intermediate in organic synthesis, laboratory research, analytical chemistry, calibration procedures, and educational laboratories because of its high purity, predictable chemistry, and ease of handling.

Aside from its use in processed foods and beverages, sodium benzoate is also added to some medicines, cosmetics, personal care products, and industrial products.
Sodium benzoate is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care items, such as hair products, baby wipes, toothpaste, and mouthwash.
Sodium Benzoate also has industrial uses.

One of Sodium Benzoate's biggest applications is to deter corrosion, such as in coolants for car engines.
What’s more, Sodium Benzoate may be used as a stabilizer in photo processing and to improve the strength of some types of plastic.
Sodium benzoate, a type of salt derivative found in many products, is preferred as a preservative.

While also used to add flavor to some products, its use in food products should not be excessive.
A maximum concentration of 0.1% is considered appropriate.
Sodium benzoate, used to extend the shelf life of food products, is found in canned goods, toothpaste, pharmaceuticals, and pickles, especially in beverages.

The amount of sodium benzoate used in processed foods can be listed in the ingredients section.
Benzonic oxide, the active ingredient in sodium benzoate, occurs naturally in plants and animals.
Sodium Benzoate, which is not considered very healthy, is found in almost all processed foods.

Sodium benzoate can be found in ready-made meals, sausages, salami, beverages containing artificial colors, chips, pre-mixed meatball mixes, ready-made sauces, fruit juices, and confectionery.
Since these products have a slightly longer shelf life, the presence of additives is inevitable.

Sodium benzoate is used as a preservative in the food industry and in the production of some industrial products.
Sodium Benzoate is widely used in the food industry, particularly in carbonated beverages and similar soft drinks, pickles, ketchup and similar sauces, marmalades and jams, margarine, olive production, processed fish products, and confectionery.

Sodium benzoate is a food additive that helps produce food products become resistant to mold and fungi.
Sodium Benzoate also has the ability to preserve food color.
As with all food preservatives, excessive use can affect the taste of the food product.

As with other food preservatives, sodium benzoate is generally recommended to be used at a concentration of 0.1% to 0.2%.
Additional applications of Sodium Benzoate include tobacco processing, paper manufacturing, textile processing, printing chemicals, agricultural formulations, biotechnology research, fermentation technology, environmental laboratories, and specialty chemical production where reliable preservation or benzoate chemistry is required.

Common Applications of Sodium Benzoate in Food & Beverages:
Sodium benzoate is widely used as a preservative in pickles, salad dressings, mayonnaise, margarine, jams, jellies, carbonated soft drinks, fruit juices and sauces.
Because it is most effective under acidic conditions, you will often see sodium benzoate in products with low pH.

Sodium Benzoate helps maintain shelf life, preserve flavour, colour and texture, and inhibit microbial spoilage.
Sodium benzoate can also be used in winemaking to stop fermentation and prevent spoilage.
Pharmaceuticals: Sodium benzoate can also be used in pharmaceutical products for its antimicrobial properties, such as in tablets, capsules, and cough syrup.

Sodium Benzoate is widely used in food and beverage formulations—such as soft drinks, sauces, and jams—as well as in personal care products, to ensure product safety and extended shelf life.
Sodium Benzoate is used in food formulations, Soft drinks, Sauces, Jams, Beverage formulations, Personal care products.

Sodium benzoate in skin care: Sodium Benzoate's used as an anti-corrosive and preservative in skin care products such as moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens.
Sodium benzoate in shampoo: Shampoos and soaps also can contain sodium benzoate.
Sodium Benzoate’s also used to preserve over-the-counter medications such as cough syrup and as a lubricant in pill manufacturing.

Sodium Benzoate is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, plant protection products, and perfumes and fragrances.
Sodium Benzoate is used in machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints, coatings or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners.
Sodium Benzoate is a chemical substance that is one of the sodium salts of benzoic acid.

Sodium Benzoate is an aromatic compound.
The active chemical is sodium benzoate.
Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and is one of the most widely used preservatives in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial sectors.

Sodium benzoate is a widely used chemical preservative and antimicrobial agent in food, beverages, pharmaceuticals and personal care products.
In addition to preservation, sodium benzoate is used as a corrosion inhibitor, pharmaceutical excipient, buffering component, chemical intermediate, and stabilizer in numerous industrial formulations.

Sodium Benzoate is also widely employed in laboratory research, analytical chemistry, and specialty chemical manufacturing because of its excellent purity and predictable physicochemical behavior.
Sodium Benzoate dissociates in the system where it is used, providing acid and thus ensuring its effectiveness.

Sodium Benzoate has properties that generally act as a preservative and anticorrosive agent in various industries.
Sodium Benzoate has antifungal properties.
Due to its antimicrobial and flavor properties, Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide variety of products.

In cases of urea cycle disorders in the body, ammonia accumulates in the blood and is not converted to uric acid.
It is used in the production of drugs containing sodium benzoate to prevent the accumulation of ammonia in the blood.
Sodium Benzoate is the most common chemical preservative used in both food and beverage products.

Sodium Benzoate works by entering the cells of microorganisms, lowering their internal pH, and inhibiting their growth.
Sodium Benzoate is used in margarine, tomato paste, maple syrup, pickles, canned goods, jams, and jellies.
Sodium Benzoate is used in almost all soft drinks, some wine coolers, and fruit juices.

The sodium salt of benzoic acid is used in the production of toothpastes and dental cleaning chemicals.
Sodium Benzoate is used in personal care products like mouthwashes.
In such applications, Sodium Benzoate is applied in a modified form with Potassium sorbate.

One of the reasons for Sodium Benzoate's widespread use is its low price advantage.
In the production of dyes, benzoate is used as an intermediate.
As it is an antiseptic, Sodium Benzoate is used as a rust and mold inhibitor.

Sodium Benzoate increases clarity and strength.
Due to this property, Sodium Benzoate is a chemical incorporated into the production of plastics like polypropylene.
This application of benzoate has recently entered the literature.

Sodium Benzoate is used as an active corrosion-inhibiting agent in engine cooling water systems.
Sodium Benzoate's use as a corrosion inhibitor is a relatively recent discovery.
Sodium Benzoate is used in pharmaceutical and tobacco preparations.

After the raw tobacco material is harvested from the field, Sodium Benzoate is processed with certain substances to soften its harshness for cigarette production.
After the tobacco is chopped, during the softening phase when a solution is prepared, Sodium Benzoate is added to the solution to prevent the tobacco from molding.
In its free acid form, Sodium Benzoate is used as a fungicide.

That is, Sodium Benzoate is a chemical used to destroy fungi and fungal forms.
In the manufacturing of silicone rubber mastic products, Sodium Benzoate is used together with formic acid, liquid paraffin, methyl alcohol, and some other substances to create a cleaning formula.
To inhibit corrosion on aluminum surfaces, either sodium metasilicate or sodium benzoate is used in the manufacture of the inhibitors employed.

Here, benzoate prevents fungi from making foods unusable.
The purpose of Sodium Benzoate's use here is to enter the cells of microorganisms, lower the pH level, and prevent the proliferation of fungi.
In the non-alcoholic beverage industry, Sodium Benzoate also increases the acidity of soft drinks, which enhances the flavor intensity of high-fructose corn syrup.

Benzoates are used in the production of foods containing vinegar, such as salad dressing.
Sodium Benzoate is used in liquid soap colorants.
Sodium Benzoate is used in antifreeze production.

Other pharmaceutical uses of Sodium Benzoate include the manufacturing of liquid cough syrups, liquid acetaminophen, amoxicillin, and medicinal creams.
Sodium Benzoate is used as an antimycotic agent in the production of dry pet food.
This prevents mold formation and stops the products from spoiling.

Sodium Benzoate is used in some dental care products, which are pet care medications.
Sodium benzoate is an active ingredient in the manufacture of products such as body and face washes, deodorants, and shampoos.
In the production of anti-rust spray formulations, Sodium Benzoate is used as a protective chemical.

As a preservative, Sodium Benzoate can prevent bacterial and fungal growth in cosmetic products.
Microorganisms absorb benzoic acid, causing a decrease in pH and reducing enzymatic function, thereby inhibiting the organism's reproduction.
Sodium benzoate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, but when combined with vitamin C in a formulation, a chemical reaction occurs that leads to the formation of benzene.

This might be using a low concentration of sodium benzoate and a high concentration of vitamin C, because the vitamin acts as a free radical scavenger rather than reacting with the sodium benzoate.
Another concern is that sodium benzoate can damage cells by increasing the production of free radicals.

Free radicals are very unstable and damage cell membranes, DNA, and proteins.
Sodium Benzoate is the inactive salt of benzoic acid.
Sodium Benzoate is soluble in water where it converts to benzoic acid, its active form, at a low pH.

Benzoic acid is very pH dependent.
While Sodium Benzoate shows some activity up to pH 6 (about 1.55%), it is most active at pH 3 (94%).
As benzoic acid, Sodium Benzoate is considered to be primarily an anti-fungal, but it shows some activity against bacteria.

Sodium Benzoate is poor against pseudomonads.
Benzoic acid is inactivated by non-ionics and by raising the pH.
In addition, Sodium Benzoate can also be used as a feed preservative.

Sodium Benzoate is used as a food additive (preservative), fungicide for the pharmaceutical industry, mordant for the dye industry, plasticizer for plastic industry, and intermediates for organic synthesis such as perfume.
Sodium Benzoate is used as an auxiliary solvent for serum bilirubin test, food additive (preservative), fungicide for the pharmaceutical industry, mordant for dye industry, plasticizer for plastic industry, and intermediates for organic synthesis such as perfume.

-Sodium Benzoate in Winemaking
While sodium benzoate is commonly found in soft drinks, it can also be used in winemaking both to prevent spoilage and stop the fermentation process.
Like potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate is a yeast inhibitor.

Rather than killing off the yeast, Sodium Benzoate hinders yeast’s ability to multiply and be active.
Winemakers usually add small quantities of sodium benzoate to sweet and sparkling wines when active fermentation has ceased.
For sweet wines, Sodium Benzoate can also be added at the same time as the final syrup.

Sodium benzoate can also be added to wines that have difficulty maintaining clarity after fining.
Sodium Benzoate can also be used post-fermentation balance the wine’s pH and pressure.
When using sodium benzoate as a stabilizer, it must be used in conjunction with an aseptic dose of potassium metabisulfite ( Campden tablet).

-Use of Sodium Benzoate in Tomato Paste Production:
In tomato paste production, some microorganisms originating from the structure of tomatoes or peppers can cause mold growth within the paste, leading to spoilage.
To prevent the formation of these bacteria, salt and a preservative are added to the paste.

Sodium benzoate is effective against many types of bacteria.
Sodium Benzoate's use alone in tomato paste production may not be sufficient to prevent mold formation.
The environment where the paste is stored after production is also a major factor in bacterial growth.

-Pharmaceuticals & Personal Care uses of Sodium Benzoate:
In pharmaceuticals, sodium benzoate serves as a preservative in liquid medications such as cough syrups, and as a tablet lubricant or excipient in capsule formulations.
In personal care products, Sodium Benzoate’s used in creams, lotions, shampoos, toothpaste and mouthwash to inhibit microbial contamination and extend shelf life.

-Sodium benzoate in drinks:
Sodium benzoate is used as a preservative in soft drinks to increase the acidity flavor and as a preservative to extend shelf life.
In Coca-Cola, sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, and potassium sorbate are the three common preservatives.

Sodium benzoate is used to protect the taste, and it's used to fight microbes.
You also may find sodium benzoate in the ingredient lists of Fanta and Sprite, and it is used to preserve freshness in Pepsi carbonated soft drinks.
But Sodium Benzoate’s used less in PepsiCo’s popular sodas, Diet Pepsi and Pepsi, which use potassium benzoate as the main preservative.

-Sodium benzoate in cosmetics:
Like food and drink products, cosmetics also need preservatives to prevent the growth of bacteria.
Preservative-free, natural products cannot be stored for a long time.

-Other personal care products uses of Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium benzoate's anti-corrosive and preservative properties lead to its use in mouthwash and baby wipes.
To inhibit the growth of microbes in toothpaste, producers usually add a certain amount of preservatives.
Sodium benzoate is often the best choice, compared with other commonly used preservatives in toothpaste, because of its antimicrobial effect, safety, and price.

-Sodium benzoate in food:
In the food industry, sodium benzoate is used to prevent spoilage from harmful bacteria, yeast, and mold.
Sodium Benzoate also helps maintain freshness in food by helping to slow or prevent changes in color, flavor, pH, and texture.
Some foods that commonly include sodium benzoate include:
*Salad dressings
*Pickles
*Condiments
*Fruit juices
*Wines
*Snack foods

-Sodium Benzoate is used as a preservative
Sodium benzoate can act as a food preservative.
Sodium Benzoate is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (for example acetic acid in vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (acetic acid), condiments, and frozen yogurt toppings.

Sodium Benzoate is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics.
Under these conditions, Sodium Benzoate is converted into benzoic acid (E210), which is bacteriostatic and fungistatic.
Benzoic acid is generally not used directly due to its poor water solubility.

Concentration as a food preservative is limited by the FDA in the U.S. to 0.1% by weight.
Sodium benzoate is also allowed as an animal food additive at up to 0.1%, per the Association of American Feed Control Officials.
Sodium benzoate has been replaced by potassium sorbate in the majority of soft drinks in the United Kingdom.

In the 19th century, sodium benzoate as a food ingredient was investigated by Harvey W. Wiley with his 'Poison Squad' as part of the US Department of Agriculture.
This led to the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, a key event in the early history of food regulation in the United States.

-Foods and Beverages uses of Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium benzoate is the first preservative the FDA allowed in foods and still a widely used food additive.
Sodium Benzoate’s classified as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS), meaning that experts consider it safe when used as intended.

Sodium Benzoate’s approved internationally as a food additive and is assigned the identifying number 211.
For example, Sodium Benzoate’s listed as E211 in European food products.

Sodium benzoate inhibits the growth of potentially harmful bacteria, mold, and other microbes in food, thus deterring spoilage.
Sodium Benzoate’s particularly effective in acidic foods.
Therefore, Sodium Benzoate’s commonly used in foods, such as soda, bottled lemon juice, pickles, jelly, salad dressing, soy sauce, and other condiments.

-Medications uses of Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium benzoate is used as a preservative in some over-the-counter and prescription medications, particularly in liquid medicines like cough syrup.
Additionally, Sodium Benzoate can be a lubricant in pill manufacturing and makes tablets transparent and smooth, helping them break down rapidly after you swallow them.

Lastly, larger amounts of sodium benzoate may be prescribed to treat elevated blood levels of ammonia.
Ammonia is a byproduct of protein breakdown, and blood levels may become dangerously high in certain medical conditions.

-Sodium Benzoate is used in pharmaceuticals:
Sodium benzoate is used as a treatment for urea cycle disorders due to its ability to bind amino acids.
This leads to excretion of these amino acids and a decrease in ammonia levels.
Recent research shows that sodium benzoate may be beneficial as an add-on therapy (1 gram/day) in schizophrenia.

Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores dropped by 21% compared to placebo.
Sodium benzoate, along with phenylbutyrate, is used to treat hyperammonemia.

Sodium benzoate, along with caffeine, is used to treat postdural puncture headache, respiratory depression associated with overdosage of narcotics, and has been used experimentally with ergotamine to treat vascular headache.

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF SODIUM BENZOATE?
Sodium Benzoate is mainly used as food preservatives, but also used to make drugs, dyes, etc.
Sodium Benzoate is used in the pharmaceutical industry and plant genetic research, also used as dye intermediates, fungicides, and preservatives.
Sodium Benzoate is used preservative, antimicrobial agents.

WHAT ARE SODIUM BENZOATE'S PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES?
Sodium Benzoate is a chemical found as a white powder or flakes.
Sodium Benzoate is used by mixing with liquid chemicals.
Sodium Benzoate's melting point is above 300°C.

Boiling Point of Sodium Benzoate is between 450°C and 475°C.
Sodium Benzoate is easily soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol.
Sodium Benzoate's density is 1.5 g/cm3.

HOW IS SODIUM BENZOATE PRODUCED?
Three methods are used for its commercial production.
In the 1st method, naphthalene is oxidized with Vanadium Pentoxide to obtain phthalic anhydride.

Sodium Benzoate is then decarboxylated to yield Benzoic Acid.
In the 2nd method, toluene is mixed with nitric acid and oxidized to produce benzoic acid.

In the 3rd method, benzotrichloride is hydrolyzed and then treated with a mineral acid to yield Benzoic Acid.
Benzotrichloride is formed by the reaction of chlorine and toluene.
In all 3 methods, benzoic acid is refined for production.

Here, it can be obtained by dissolving the acid in a sodium hydroxide solution.
The resulting chemical reaction yields Sodium Benzoate and water.
The crystalline form of this chemical is obtained by evaporating the water.

HOW IS SODIUM BENZOATE USED IN MAYONNAISE?
In mayonnaise production, the most important characteristic is the requirement for a low pH value.
For this, the acidity value must be low.

This ensures the production of the best quality mayonnaise.
Sorbic acid is used in mayonnaise production to balance the acidity.
Sodium benzoate is used in low-fat mayonnaise.

Its application in mayonnaise is for its preservative effect.
In mayonnaise, mold can form due to yeast spoilage.
These molds can harbor bacteria and cause food spoilage.

Sodium benzoate inhibits this spoilage, thus preserving the food.
Mayonnaise is an emulsion.
It is in a semi-fluid liquid form.

Mayonnaise in this form does not require a preservative.
However, in the production of mayonnaise with a high water content, a food preservative is necessary.
It is among the most common food additives.

HOW DOES SODIUM BENZOATE WORK?
Sodium benzoate functions primarily as an antimicrobial and preservative in acidic media (typically foods and drinks with pH below ~4.5).
Sodium Benzoate works by inhibiting the growth of yeast, mold and certain bacteria.

When dissolved, sodium benzoate reverts to benzoic acid under acidic conditions; benzoic acid is the active form that disrupts microbial metabolism.
In acidic environments, the undissociated benzoic acid molecule penetrates microbial membranes and lowers internal pH, inhibiting growth.

WHAT MEDICATIONS CONTAIN SODIUM BENZOATE?
For some individuals with urea cycle enzyme deficiency, medication containing Sodium Benzoate is necessary to treat hyperammonemia and related disorders.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM BENZOATE:
Sodium benzoate readily dissociates in aqueous solution into sodium ions and benzoate ions.
Under acidic conditions, Sodium Benzoate ion is converted into benzoic acid, which is responsible for the compound's antimicrobial activity.

Sodium Benzoate contains an aromatic benzene ring attached to a carboxylate group, providing high chemical stability and predictable acid-base behavior.
Sodium benzoate exhibits excellent compatibility with most aqueous formulations and remains chemically stable under normal storage conditions.

Sodium Benzoate reacts with strong mineral acids to regenerate benzoic acid and may participate in neutralization reactions with strong acids or bases.
Sodium Benzoate is resistant to oxidation under ordinary conditions but may slowly decompose at elevated temperatures.
Because of its ionic nature, sodium benzoate exhibits excellent water solubility while maintaining low volatility and good formulation stability.

CHARACTERISTICS of SODIUM BENZOATE:
Sodium benzoate exhibits excellent antimicrobial activity in acidic formulations.
Sodium Benzoate possesses outstanding water solubility.
Sodium Benzoate demonstrates excellent storage stability.

Sodium Benzoate is chemically stable under normal environmental conditions.
Sodium Benzoate exhibits broad compatibility with food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial ingredients.

Sodium Benzoate provides effective inhibition of yeast and mold growth.
Sodium Benzoate performs efficiently at relatively low concentrations.
Sodium Benzoate is odorless and nearly colorless.

Sodium Benzoate is easy to formulate into aqueous systems.
Sodium Benzoate exhibits excellent batch-to-batch consistency.

Sodium Benzoate's preservative activity is pH dependent.
Sodium Benzoate is available in food-grade, pharmaceutical-grade, cosmetic-grade, and industrial-grade purity.

BENEFITS of SODIUM BENZOATE:
Sodium benzoate effectively extends product shelf life by preventing microbial spoilage.
Sodium Benzoate's high water solubility allows rapid dissolution and uniform distribution throughout formulations.

Sodium Benzoate provides reliable preservation without significantly affecting product appearance, taste, or odor when used at recommended concentrations.
Sodium Benzoate's broad regulatory acceptance has made it one of the most widely used preservatives in food and pharmaceutical manufacturing worldwide.

Sodium Benzoate demonstrates excellent chemical stability during storage and transportation.
Sodium Benzoate's low required use levels provide economical preservation of numerous commercial products.

Sodium Benzoate reduces product losses associated with bacterial, yeast, and mold contamination.
Sodium Benzoate's compatibility with numerous formulation ingredients simplifies product development.

Sodium Benzoate provides reproducible preservation performance across multiple industries.
Sodium Benzoate supports long-term product quality, consumer safety, and manufacturing efficiency.

TECHNICAL INFORMATION of SODIUM BENZOATE:
Sodium benzoate exhibits maximum antimicrobial effectiveness in acidic formulations because the undissociated form of benzoic acid readily penetrates microbial cell membranes.

Consequently, the preservative is most effective at pH values below approximately 4.5 and becomes progressively less effective as pH increases.
Sodium Benzoate is approved as food additive E211 in many countries and remains one of the most extensively studied food preservatives due to its long history of safe use and well-characterized toxicological profile.

Because of its excellent balance of antimicrobial efficacy, water solubility, chemical stability, formulation compatibility, low cost, and broad regulatory acceptance, sodium benzoate continues to be one of the most important preservatives used across the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial sectors.

TYPES OF SODIUM BENZOATE:
Sodium benzoate is available in two primary forms: powder and granular.

Sodium benzoate Powder:
This is the most common form, featuring fine, free-flowing crystals that dissolve easily in water.
Sodium Benzoate is ideal for use in beverages, liquid medicines, and personal care formulations where rapid dissolution and uniform mixing are required.

Sodium benzoate Granular:
Granular sodium benzoate has a coarser texture and is preferred in applications requiring controlled dissolution, such as dry food mixes, sauces, and industrial formulations.
Granules reduce dust formation during handling and are easier to store in bulk.
Both forms meet international food and pharmaceutical standards, and choosing the right form depends on the intended application and manufacturing process.

ADVANTAGES OF SODIUM BENZOATE:
Effective broad spectrum preservative for acidic foods, beverages and personal care.
Cost efficient and widely used across multiple industries.
Sodium Benzoate extends shelf life and helps maintain quality (colour, texture, flavour) of products.

Sodium Benzoate enables compliance with food safety regulations and reduces spoilage risk.
Consumer friendly labelling (often E211 in Europe), and well understood mechanism of action.

MECHANISM OF FOOD PRESERVATION of SODIUM BENZOATE:
The mechanism starts with the absorption of benzoic acid into the cell.
If the intracellular pH falls to 5 or lower, the anaerobic fermentation of glucose through phosphofructokinase decreases sharply, which inhibits the growth and survival of microorganisms that cause food spoilage.

PRODUCTION of SODIUM BENZOATE:
Sodium benzoate is commonly produced by the neutralization of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with benzoic acid (C6H5COOH), which is itself produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen.

REACTIONS of SODIUM BENZOATE:
Sodium benzoate can be decarboxylated with strong base and heat, yielding benzene and sodium carbonate:
C6H5COONa + NaOH → C6H6 + Na2CO3

NATURAL OCCURRENCE of SODIUM BENZOATE:
Many foods are natural sources of benzoic acid, Sodium Benzoate's salts, and its esters.
Fruits and vegetables can be rich sources, particularly berries such as cranberry and bilberry.
Other sources include seafood, such as prawns, and dairy products.

WHAT IS SODIUM BENZOATE USED FOR?
Sodium Benzoate is a very useful ingredient for preserving cosmetics and personal care products.
Sodium Benzoate helps in enhancing the shelf life of various formulations.

Skin care:
Sodium Benzoate is often found in skin care products like creams, lotions, and cleansers.
Having antimicrobial properties, Sodium Benzoate prevents the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi, ensuring product safety and longevity.

Cosmetics products:
Sodium Benzoate serves as a valuable preservative in makeup items such as foundations, eyeshadows, and lipsticks.
Sodium Benzoate helps maintain the product's quality, preventing microbial contamination and maintaining its shelf life.

Hair care:
Sodium Benzoate assists in preserving the integrity of hair care formulations, preventing microbial growth, and maintaining their efficacy over time.
Sodium Benzoate ensures that the products remain fresh and effective for long.

ORIGIN of SODIUM BENZOATE:
Sodium benzoate is produced by the reaction of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide.
Benzoic acid is first dissolved in water, and then sodium hydroxide is added to form sodium benzoate and water.
The resulting sodium benzoate is typically isolated through filtration or crystallization processes.

WHAT DOES SODIUM BENZOATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
ANTIMICROBIAL
PRESERVATIVE

SAFETY PROFILE of SODIUM BENZOATE:
Sodium Benzoate is a safe ingredient when used within approved concentrations.
Sodium Benzoate has been extensively studied and approved by regulatory bodies worldwide.

However, a patch test is recommended.
Sodium Benzoate is generally recognized as vegan since it is derived from a chemical reaction and not from animal sources.
Additionally, sodium benzoate is also halal.

ALTERNATIVES of SODIUM BENZOATE:
*POTASSIUM SORBATE
*BENZYL ALCOHOL
*PHENOXYETHANOL

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM BENZOATE:
Chemical Name: Sodium Benzoate (Sodium salt of benzoic acid)
INCI Name: Sodium Benzoate
Pearl Name: Sodium Benzoate
General Trade Name: Sodium Benzoate
English Name: Sodium Benzoate
Turkish Name: Sodium Benzoate
CAS Number: 532-32-1
EC Number: 208-534-8
IUPAC Number: Sodium benzoate (sodium salt of benzoic acid)
E Food Code: E211

Surface Tension: 72.9 mN/m at 1g/l at 20 °C - similar to water
Relative Vapor Density: Not applicable
Linear Formula: C₆H₅COONa
CAS Number: 532-32-1
Molecular Weight: 144.10
Beilstein: 3572467
EC Number: 208-534-8
MDL Number: MFCD00012463
UNSPSC Code: 12352100
eCl@ss: 39024301

PubChem Substance ID: 329751625
NACRES: NA.21
Form: Powder
Solubility: Water: Soluble 556 g/L
Chemical formula: C7H5NaO2
Molar mass: 144.105 g·mol−1
Appearance: white or colourless crystalline powder
Odor: odorless
Density: 1.497 g/cm3
Melting point: 410 °C (770 °F; 683 K)

Solubility in water: 62.65 g/100 mL (0 °C), 62.84 g/100 mL (15 °C),
62.87 g/100 mL (30 °C), 74.2 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility: soluble in liquid ammonia, pyridine
Solubility in methanol: 8.22 g/100 g (15 °C), 7.55 g/100 g (66.2 °C)
Solubility in ethanol: 2.3 g/100 g (25 °C), 8.3 g/100 g (78 °C)
Solubility in 1,4-Dioxane: 0.818 mg/kg (25 °C)
Molecular Weight: 144.10 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 1

Exact Mass: 144.01872368 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 144.01872368 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.1 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 108
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Formula: C₆H₅COONa
Molecular Weight: 144.11 g/mol
EC Number: 208-534-8
CAS Number: 532-32-1
Appearance: White crystalline powder or granules
Melting Point: 300°C (decomposes)
Density: 1.5 g/cm³
Solubility in Water: Highly soluble (~630 g/L at 20°C)
pH (1% Solution): ~7-8
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling

Chemical Name: Sodium Benzoate
Chemical Formula: C₆H₅COONa
CAS Number: 532-32-1
Molecular Weight: 144.11 g/mol
Grade: Food Grade (FCC)
Physical and Chemical Properties
Appearance: White, crystalline powder or granules
Odor: Odorless or faint benzoin smell
Purity (Assay): ≥ 99.0%
Solubility: Freely soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol

Moisture Content: ≤ 1.5%
pH (1% solution): 7.0–8.5
Density: 1.44 g/cm³
Appearance / Description: White, granules or crystalline powder
Colour: White
Odour: Odourless
Foreign material: Free from any foreign material residue
Solubility: Freely soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol
Assay: Min 99.0% on the dried basis
CAS Number: 532-32-1
EC Number: 208-534-8

Molecular Formula: C7H5NaO2
Molecular Weight: 144.10 g/mol
IUPAC Name: Sodium benzoate
Appearance: White, crystalline powder or granules
Odor: Odorless or faint benzoin-like smell
Solubility: Soluble in water (630 g/L at 20°C), slightly soluble in ethanol
pH (1% solution): 7.5 – 8.5
Melting Point: >300°C (decomposes)
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes before boiling)
Density: 1.44 g/cm³

Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions,
but decomposes under strong acids
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Linear Formula: C6H5COONa
CAS Number: 532-32-1
Molecular Weight: 144.10
Beilstein: 3572467
EC Number: 208-534-8
MDL number: MFCD00012463
UNSPSC Code: 12352100
eCl@ss: 39024301
PubChem Substance ID: 329751625

NACRES: NA.21
Assay: 99.0-100.5% (calc. to the dried substance)
Form: powder
Solubility: water: soluble 556 g/L
Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: > 300 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: > 450 - < 475 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): does not ignite -

Pyrophoric properties of solids and liquids
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: ca.8 at 100 g/l at 20 °C Aqueous solution
Viscosity: Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: Not applicable
Water solubility: 556 g/l - soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: 1,88

Vapor pressure: Not applicable
Density: 1.50 g/cm³ at 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 109
Relative density: 1.5 at 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 109
Relative vapor density: Not applicable
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Solubility in other solvents: Ethanol ca.13.3 g/l

Chemical Formula: C₇H₅O₂Na
Molecular Weight: 144.11 g/mol
CAS Number: 532-32-1
EC (EINECS) Number: 208-534-8
Physical and Chemical Properties:
Appearance: White, crystalline powder or granules
Odor: Odorless
Density: 1.497 g/cm³
Melting Point: 300°C
Solubility:

Highly soluble in water: 62.65 g/100 mL at 0°C;
74.2 g/100 mL at 100°C
Soluble in methanol and ethanol
Slightly soluble in 1,4-dioxane
pH: 7.0–8.5 (144.1 g/L aqueous solution at 25°C)
Chemical Name: Sodium Benzoate (Sodium salt of benzoic acid)
INCI Name: Sodium Benzoate
General Trade Name: Sodium Benzoate
CAS No: 532-32-1
EC No: 208-534-8

IUPAC No: Sodium benzoate (sodium salt of benzoic acid)
E Food Code: E211
Physical State: Powder
Color: White
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point/Freezing Point: > 300 °C - lit.
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: > 450 - < 475 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): Does not ignite -
Pyrophoric properties of solids and liquids

Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits: No data available
Flash Point: Not applicable
Autoignition Temperature: No data available
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
pH: ca. 8 at 100 g/l at 20 °C (Aqueous solution)
Viscosity:
Viscosity, Kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, Dynamic: Not applicable
Water Solubility: 556 g/l - Soluble
Partition Coefficient: n-Octanol/Water: log Pow: 1.88 -
Bioaccumulation is not expected.

Vapor Pressure: Not applicable
Density: 1.50 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Relative Density: 1.5 at 20 °C
Relative Vapor Density: Not applicable
Particle Characteristics: No data available
Explosive Properties: No data available
Oxidizing Properties: None
Other Safety Information:
Solubility in Other Solvents:
Ethanol ca. 13.3 g/l
Surface Tension: 72.9 mN/m at 1g/l at 20 °C (similar to water)
Relative Vapor Density: Not applicable

Chemical Formula: C7H5NaO2
Molar Mass: 144.105 g·mol−1
Appearance: white or colourless crystalline powder
Odor: odorless
Density: 1.497 g/cm3
Melting Point: 410 °C (770 °F; 683 K)
Solubility in Water: 62.65 g/100 mL (0 °C)
62.84 g/100 mL (15 °C)
62.87 g/100 mL (30 °C)
74.2 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility: soluble in liquid ammonia, pyridine

Solubility in Methanol: 8.22 g/100 g (15 °C)
7.55 g/100 g (66.2 °C)
Solubility in Ethanol: 2.3 g/100 g (25 °C)
8.3 g/100 g (78 °C)
Solubility in 1,4-Dioxane: 0.818 mg/kg (25 °C)
Appearance: white crystalline powder (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Melting Point: 301.00 to 303.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 248.00 to 249.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.012200 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)

Flash Point: 232.00 °F. TCC (111.11 °C.)
logP (o/w): 1.895 (est)
Shelf Life: 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Storage: store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
moisture Sensitive.
Soluble in: water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 5.56E+05 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: alcohol

FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM BENZOATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM BENZOATE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
*Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM BENZOATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM BENZOATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM BENZOATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM BENZOATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available