TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)

Food technologists, winemakers, pharmaceutical chemists, and gypsum/concrete engineers systematically prefer Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) over citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, and synthetic aminocarboxylate chelators because Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) possesses a significantly stronger first acid dissociation constant (pKa1 = 2.98 and pKa2 = 4.34 at 25 °C compared to pKa1 = 3.13 for citric acid), delivering a sharper initial tart taste, higher proton-release efficiency per gram in sodium bicarbonate effervescent systems, and unique stereospecific calcium-complexing geometry on growing gypsum dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) and tricalcium aluminate (C3A) crystal faces. Furthermore, in wine stabilization and food preservation, L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is microbiologically stable against lactic acid bacteria spoilage, chelates pro-oxidant iron (Fe3+) and copper (Cu2+) ions to prevent oxidative browning, and carries full compendial monograph status under United States Pharmacopeia, European Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, Japanese Pharmacopoeia, and Food Chemicals Codex standards.

Supplied commercially by Ataman Kimya in both Natural Botanical L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (derived from wine lees and grape pomace potassium bitartrate, CAS 87-69-4) and Synthetic L-(+) or DL-Tartaric Acid grades (derived from catalytic cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolysis, CAS 87-69-4 / 133-37-9) across granular, fine powder, and anti-caking silica-conditioned particle sizes (assay >= 99.5% to 99.8%, melting point 168 to 170 °C for L-(+) and 204 to 206 °C for DL-form), Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) dissolves rapidly in water (1,330 to 1,390 g/L at 20 °C for L-(+)-form) to yield crystal-clear, strongly acidic solutions. Matching the exact stereoisomeric form (L-(+) or DL) and particle mesh size of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) to the target food, enological, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or gypsum/cement system guarantees precise pH control, reproducible setting retardation, and full regulatory compliance.

CAS Number: 87-69-4 for L-(+)-Tartaric Acid [(2R,3R)-(+)-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, the predominant commercial, pharmacopeial, and food E334 grade]; 133-37-9 for Unspecified / General Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid); 526-83-0 for Racemic DL-Tartaric Acid; 147-71-7 for D-(-)-Tartaric Acid [(2S,3S)-(-)-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid]
EC Number: 201-766-0 (EINECS 201-766-0 for L-(+)-Tartaric Acid CAS 87-69-4); 205-105-7 (for CAS 133-37-9); 208-395-6 (for DL-Tartaric Acid CAS 526-83-0); 205-695-6 (for D-(-)-Tartaric Acid CAS 147-71-7)
Molecular Formula: C4H6O6 (Condensed Structural Formula: HOOC-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COOH or (CHOH)2(COOH)2)
Molecular Weight: 150.09 g/mol (Exact Monoisotopic Mass: 150.0164 g/mol)
INCI Name: TARTARIC ACID (Official CosIng cosmetic ingredient designation for 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid; Functions: Buffering, Chelating, Keratolytic / AHA Skin Conditioning, pH Adjuster)
E Number: E334 (Authorized in the European Union under Regulation EC No 1333/2008 and Commission Regulation EU No 231/2012 as E334 L-(+)-Tartaric Acid at quantum satis in foods and beverages; affirmed as GRAS by the US FDA under 21 CFR 184.1099; INS No. 334; Official USP-NF, Ph. Eur., BP, JP, and Food Chemicals Codex FCC monograph substance)
Melting Point: 168.0 to 170.0 °C (334.4 to 338.0 °F) for Anhydrous L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (CAS 87-69-4) and D-(-)-Tartaric Acid (CAS 147-71-7); 204.0 to 206.0 °C (399.2 to 402.8 °F) for Anhydrous Racemic DL-Tartaric Acid (CAS 526-83-0 / 133-37-9)
Boiling Point: Not applicable at atmospheric pressure (Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) undergoes thermal dehydration, caramelization, and decarboxylation above 170 to 210 °C into tartaric anhydride, pyruvic acid, pyrotartaric acid, and carbon dioxide; sublimes under high vacuum at ~130–140 °C; Flash Point Closed Cup: ~210.0 °C / 410.0 °F)
Viscosity: Not applicable as a free-flowing crystalline solid or powder at 20 °C; in aqueous solution at 25 °C, dynamic viscosity of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is 1.25 mPa·s (cP) at 10% w/w, 1.85 mPa·s at 25% w/w, and 6.50 mPa·s at 50% w/w
Density: True crystal density of 1.7598 g/cm3 (1.76 g/cm3) at 20 °C for L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (CAS 87-69-4) and 1.697 g/cm3 for Anhydrous DL-Tartaric Acid; apparent loose bulk pour density of commercial crystalline/powder grades: 750 to 1,050 g/L (0.75 to 1.05 g/cm3); 50% w/w aqueous solution density: ~1.26 g/cm3 at 20 °C

Most Frequently Encountered Synonyms:
Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid)
TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)
Tartaric Acid
2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid
L-(+)-Tartaric Acid
(2R,3R)-(+)-Tartaric Acid
(2R,3R)-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid
L-Threaric Acid
INS 334
FCC Tartaric Acid
USP-NF / Ph. Eur. Acidum tartaricum (Tartaric Acid)
INCI TARTARIC ACID
Gypsum Retarder Tartaric Acid
UNII-W4888I119H
CAS 87-69-4
CAS 133-37-9
CAS 526-83-0
EC 201-766-0

WHAT IS TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)?

Known across international food, enology, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, construction, and chemical synthesis markets as Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid), L-(+)-Tartaric Acid, 2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic Acid, or E334 (and in Turkish industrial and food trade as Tartarik Asit, 2,3-Dihidroksibütandioik Asit, Doğal Üzüm Asidi, or Şarap Asidi), Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is a naturally occurring, water-soluble four-carbon alpha-hydroxy dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6O6 (HOOC-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COOH) and a molar mass of 150.09 g/mol. Historically isolated in 1769 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele from potassium bitartrate ('cream of tartar' or argol crust precipitated inside fermenting wine casks) and famously used by Louis Pasteur in 1848 to discover molecular chirality and optical isomerism, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is supplied by Ataman Kimya as colorless translucent monoclinic crystals or a bright-white crystalline powder across Food/Enological (E334 / FCC), Pharmaceutical (USP-NF / Ph. Eur. / BP / JP), Cosmetic (INCI: TARTARIC ACID), and Industrial Construction / Technical grades.

Why Stereochemistry (L-(+) vs. DL vs. D-(-)) Is Critical When Specifying Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid):
Because the 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid molecule possesses two identical chiral carbon centers (C-2 and C-3, each bonded to -H, -OH, -COOH, and -CH(OH)COOH), procurement specialists and R&D chemists must clearly distinguish the stereoisomeric forms of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid):

 L-(+)-Tartaric Acid ((2R,3R)-(+)-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid, CAS No. 87-69-4, EC No. 201-766-0): This is the natural, biologically active stereoisomer found abundantly in grapes (Vitis vinifera), tamarinds, and bananas, and produced industrially either from natural wine lees or via enzymatic bio-hydrolysis of cis-epoxysuccinate. L-(+)-Tartaric Acid rotates plane-polarized light to the right ([alpha]D20 = +12.0° to +12.8° in 20% w/w aqueous solution), melts at 168 to 170 °C, and exhibits extremely high cold-water solubility (1,330 to 1,390 g/L at 20 °C). Crucially, under European Union Food Additive Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 (E334), OIV International Oenological Codex rules, and USP-NF / Ph. Eur. pharmacopeial monographs, ONLY the L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (CAS 87-69-4) stereoisomer is authorized for food, beverage, winemaking, and compendial pharmaceutical use!

 Racemic DL-Tartaric Acid ((2RS,3SR)-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid, CAS No. 526-83-0 / 133-37-9, EC No. 208-395-6): This is an optically inactive ([alpha]D20 = 0.0°) 50:50 racemic crystal compound of (2R,3R) and (2S,3S) enantiomers produced by chemical peroxide hydroxylation of maleic acid/anhydride. Because the D- and L-enantiomers pack into a tighter centrosymmetric crystal lattice (true racemate), DL-Tartaric Acid has a higher melting point (204 to 206 °C) and a lower cold-water solubility (~206 g/L at 20 °C) than L-(+)-Tartaric Acid, and forms a less soluble calcium salt. DL-Tartaric Acid is widely used in industrial applications such as gypsum plaster retardation, metal cleaning, leather tanning, and industrial chelation where optical rotation is not required.

 D-(-)-Tartaric Acid ((2S,3S)-(-)-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid, CAS No. 147-71-7, EC No. 205-695-6): The unnatural levorotatory enantiomer ([alpha]D20 = -12.0° to -12.8°, melting point 168 to 170 °C), used specifically as a chiral resolving agent and asymmetric catalyst ligand in fine pharmaceutical API synthesis to resolve racemic chiral amines into pure enantiomers.

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE, ACID DISSOCIATION AND CHELATION / RETARDATION CHEMISTRY

Understanding why Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) outperforms citric, malic, and lactic acids in winemaking, effervescent pharmaceuticals, gypsum retardation, and metal complexation requires examining its functional molecular architecture:

 Strong Diprotic Acidity and Buffering Profile (pKa1 = 2.98, pKa2 = 4.34):
In Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid), the two electron-withdrawing secondary hydroxyl groups (-OH) on C-2 and C-3 exert a strong negative inductive effect (-I effect) on the adjacent C-1 and C-4 carboxylic acid groups (-COOH). This stabilizes the carboxylate anion upon deprotonation, making Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) the strongest of the common food hydroxy acids:
- First Dissociation (HOOC-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COOH <--> HOOC-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COO- + H+, Bitartrate Ion HC4H4O6-): pKa1 = 2.98 at 25 °C (Ka1 = 1.04 x 10^-3).
- Second Dissociation (HC4H4O6- <--> -OOC-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COO- + H+, Tartrate Dianion C4H4O6 2-): pKa2 = 4.34 at 25 °C (Ka2 = 4.55 x 10^-5).
Because pKa1 (2.98) is lower than that of Citric Acid (pKa1 = 3.13), DL-Malic Acid (pKa1 = 3.40), and L-Lactic Acid (pKa = 3.86), a 1.0% w/w aqueous solution of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) achieves a lower pH (~2.1 to 2.2) and delivers an immediate, crisp, grape-like sour impact on the palate while buffering wines and pharmaceutical solutions tightly across pH 2.5 to 4.5.

 Stereospecific Potassium Bitartrate & Calcium Tartrate Precipitation in Winemaking:
In aqueous alcohol solutions (such as wine containing 11%–15% v/v ethanol at pH 3.2–3.8), approximately 50% to 65% of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) exists as the mono-ionized bitartrate ion (HC4H4O6-), which reacts with natural grape potassium ions (K+) to form sparingly soluble Potassium Bitartrate (KHC4H4O6, Cream of Tartar) and with calcium ions (Ca2+) to form insoluble Calcium Tartrate Tetrahydrate (CaC4H4O6·4H2O). Adding L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) lowers wine pH toward 3.2–3.5, boosting free molecular sulfur dioxide (SO2) antimicrobial efficacy, shifting anthocyanin pigments into the brilliant red flavylium cation state, and allowing controlled cold-stabilization crystal precipitation before bottling.

 Five- and Six-Membered Ring Chelation of Multivalent Metal Ions (Cu2+, Fe3+, Ca2+, Al3+):
Because Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) possesses two carboxylate oxygens and two deprotonatable alpha-hydroxyl oxygens arranged on a four-carbon backbone, it acts as a powerful tetradentate/bidentate chelating ligand. In alkaline media, tartrate complexes cupric ions (Cu2+) into the deep royal-blue soluble bis(tartrato)cuprate(II) complex ([Cu(C4H2O6)2]4-, the active oxidant in Fehling's solution and electroless copper plating baths), sequesters ferric iron (Fe3+) and aluminum (Al3+) against hydroxide precipitation, and complexes calcium ions (Ca2+) on mineral surfaces.

 Crystal-Face Poisoning Mechanism in Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and Cement Setting Retardation:
In gypsum wallboard stucco, construction plasters (hemihydrate CaSO4·0.5H2O), and Portland cement (tricalcium aluminate C3A), hydration proceeds by dissolution of hemihydrate/C3A followed by nucleation and needle growth of interlocking gypsum dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) or ettringite crystals. When 0.02% to 0.25% w/w of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is present in the alkaline mixing water (pH 8 to 12.5 with lime), the two carboxylate groups (-COO-) and two vicinal hydroxyl groups (-OH) of the tartrate dianion match the exact Ca-Ca interatomic spacing (~0.40–0.62 nm) on the fast-growing [111] and [011] apical crystal faces of gypsum dihydrate and C3A! Chemisorption of calcium tartrate surface complexes poisons crystal nucleation and blocks needle growth, extending gypsum and cement workability (open time) predictably from 10 minutes out to 60–180 minutes!

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

Commercial Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is manufactured via two distinct industrial routes—the Natural Botanical Enological Extraction Route (yielding exclusively natural L-(+)-Tartaric Acid, CAS 87-69-4) and the Synthetic / Enzymatic Maleic Anhydride Route (yielding either chiral L-(+)-Tartaric Acid via enzymatic hydrolysis or racemic DL-Tartaric Acid via chemical hydrolysis):

Route 1: Natural Botanical Extraction from Wine By-Products (Natural L-(+)-Tartaric Acid, CAS 87-69-4):
  - Step 1 (Calcium Tartrate Precipitation from Lees and Pomace): Raw winemaking by-products—specifically wine lees (fermentation sediment), grape pomace (skins and seeds), and argol/tartar tank crusts containing 20% to 75% potassium bitartrate (KHC4H4O6)—are leached with hot water and reacted with calcium hydroxide (milk of lime, Ca(OH)2) and calcium chloride/sulfate at pH 7.0–7.5 to convert all tartrate species quantitatively into insoluble Calcium L-(+)-Tartrate Tetrahydrate (CaC4H4O6·4H2O), which is separated and washed on rotary filters.
  - Step 2 (Sulfuric Acid Acidolysis & Gypsum Filtration): The washed calcium tartrate cake is slurried in water and reacted with stoichiometric dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at 65 to 75 °C: CaC4H4O6 + H2SO4 + 2 H2O --> C4H6O6 (aqueous L-(+)-Tartaric Acid) + CaSO4·2H2O (insoluble gypsum precipitate). The gypsum is filtered off on membrane filter presses.
  - Step 3 (Activated Carbon Decolorization, Ion-Exchange Polishing & Vacuum Crystallization): The crude L-(+)-Tartaric Acid liquor is decolorized over activated carbon, deionized through cation- and anion-exchange resin columns to strip trace Ca2+, Fe3+, K+, and SO4 2- ions below ppm thresholds, concentrated in multi-effect vacuum evaporators, crystallized, centrifuged, dried in stainless-steel fluid-bed dryers, and screened into granular or fine powder grades (optionally conditioned with 0.1%–0.5% food/technical amorphous silica to prevent caking).

Route 2: Synthetic & Chemo-Enzymatic Production from Maleic Anhydride (L-(+) CAS 87-69-4 and DL CAS 526-83-0):
  - Step 1 (Catalytic Epoxidation to cis-Epoxysuccinic Acid): Maleic anhydride (C4H2O3) is hydrolyzed and neutralized in water to disodium/calcium maleate, then oxidized with aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 60 to 80 °C over a sodium tungstate / molybdic acid catalyst (Na2WO4 / H2MoO4) to form cis-epoxysuccinate in >97% yield.
  - Step 2A (Enzymatic Asymmetric Ring-Opening to Enantiopure L-(+)-Tartaric Acid, CAS 87-69-4): Passing aqueous disodium cis-epoxysuccinate through an immobilized bioreactor containing microbial cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase (from Rhodococcus, Alcaligenes, or Nocardia species) at 30–37 °C stereospecifically hydrolyzes the oxirane ring with >99.9% enantiomeric excess into pure L-(+)-Tartaric Acid!
  - Step 2B (Thermal Acid Hydrolysis to Racemic DL-Tartaric Acid, CAS 526-83-0): Alternatively, boiling cis-epoxysuccinic acid in aqueous acid at 100 to 130 °C without an enzyme opens the symmetrical epoxide ring equally at both carbons, crystallizing optically inactive racemic DL-Tartaric Acid.
Ataman Kimya supplies both Natural/Enzymatic L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (E334 / USP-NF / Ph. Eur. / FCC) and Industrial Gypsum-Retarder / Technical Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) grades from ready warehouse stocks in Turkey.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)

Quantitative physical constants, stereochemical parameters, and compendial/food purity specifications for commercial Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid, CAS 87-69-4 / CAS 133-37-9 / CAS 526-83-0) are presented below with their standard USP-NF, Ph. Eur., FCC, EU 231/2012, and ISO analytical methods:
Chemical Identity and Registry Numbers of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid):
- L-(+)-Tartaric Acid: (2R,3R)-(+)-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid; CAS No. 87-69-4; EC No. 201-766-0; E Number: E334; INS No. 334
- General / Unspecified Tartaric Acid: CAS No. 133-37-9; EC No. 205-105-7
- Racemic DL-Tartaric Acid: (2RS,3SR)-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid; CAS No. 526-83-0; EC No. 208-395-6
Molecular Formula and Molar Mass of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid): C4H6O6 (HOOC-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COOH); Molecular Weight = 150.09 g/mol (Equivalent Weight as a diprotic acid = 75.04 g/eq)
Physical State and Appearance of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (at 20 °C): Colorless or translucent monoclinic crystals, crystalline granules, or snow-white fine crystalline powder
Odor and Taste of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid): Odorless; strong, clean, brisk acidic / tart grape-like taste
Purity / Assay of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (Acid-Base Titration with 1N NaOH on Dried Basis, USP / Ph. Eur. / FCC): 99.5% to 100.5% w/w C4H6O6 (typical batch assay: 99.7% to 99.9% w/w)
Specific Optical Rotation ([alpha]D20 in 20% w/w Aqueous Solution, Ph. Eur. / USP <781>):
- For L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (CAS 87-69-4): +12.0° to +12.8° (confirming 100% dextrorotatory L-(+) enantiomeric purity)
- For DL-Tartaric Acid (CAS 526-83-0): -0.1° to +0.1° (0.0°, optically inactive racemate)
Melting Point / Decomposition Range of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (ISO 1218 / USP <741>):
- L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (Anhydrous): 168.0 to 170.0 °C (334.4 to 338.0 °F)
- DL-Tartaric Acid (Anhydrous): 204.0 to 206.0 °C (399.2 to 402.8 °F)
Acid Dissociation Constants of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (in Water at 25 °C):
- For L-(+)-Tartaric Acid: pKa1 = 2.98 (Ka1 = 1.04 x 10^-3); pKa2 = 4.34 (Ka2 = 4.55 x 10^-5)
- For DL-Tartaric Acid: pKa1 = 3.03; pKa2 = 4.37
Aqueous Solution pH of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (at 25 °C):
- 0.15% w/w (0.01 M) aqueous solution: pH ~2.55
- 1.0% w/w aqueous solution: pH ~2.15 to 2.20
- 10.0% w/w aqueous solution: pH ~1.60
Water Solubility of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid):
- L-(+)-Tartaric Acid: 1,330 g/L at 15 °C; 1,390 g/L at 20 °C (58.2% w/w saturated solution); 1,470 g/L at 25 °C; 3,430 g/L at 100 °C
- DL-Tartaric Acid: 206 g/L at 20 °C; 920 g/L at 100 °C
Organic Solvent Solubility of L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (at 20 °C): Freely soluble in ethanol (~330 g/L in 95% ethanol and ~250 g/L in absolute ethanol) and methanol (~580 g/L); soluble in glycerol and propylene glycol; slightly soluble in diethyl ether (~4 g/L); insoluble in chloroform, benzene, toluene, and aliphatic hydrocarbons
True Crystal Density and Bulk Density of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid): True density = 1.7598 g/cm3 at 20 °C (L-(+)-form); Apparent loose bulk density = 750 to 1,050 g/L depending on granular vs. fine powder mesh
Loss on Drying / Moisture Content (105 °C for 3 hours, USP / Ph. Eur. / EU 231/2012): <= 0.20% to <= 0.50% w/w (typical batch value: 0.05% to 0.15% w/w)
Residue on Ignition / Sulfated Ash (USP <281> / Ph. Eur.): <= 0.05% to <= 0.10% w/w (typical: <= 0.03% w/w)
Compendial & Food Purity Limits (USP-NF / Ph. Eur. / FCC / EU E334):
- Sulfate (SO4 2-): <= 150 mg/kg (0.015% w/w)
- Chloride (Cl-): <= 100 mg/kg (0.010% w/w)
- Oxalate / Oxalic Acid (as C2H2O4): <= 100 mg/kg (0.010% w/w, passes USP/Ph. Eur. limit test)
- Calcium (Ca2+): <= 200 mg/kg (0.020% w/w)
- Heavy Metals (as Pb): <= 5 to 10 mg/kg; Lead (Pb): <= 2.0 mg/kg (EU E334 / FCC); Arsenic (As): <= 1.0 to 3.0 mg/kg; Mercury (Hg): <= 1.0 mg/kg
- Readily Carbonizable Substances (Sulfuric Acid Hot Color Test): Passes USP / Ph. Eur. test
Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient (Log Kow, OECD 107): -1.91 (highly hydrophilic, non-bioaccumulative, readily biodegradable in water and soil: > 85% biodegradation in 28 days per OECD 301D).

WHY EACH IMPORTANT PROPERTY OF TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID) MATTERS IN PRACTICE

Formulators in winemaking, food and confectionery, effervescent pharmaceuticals, and gypsum/concrete admixtures monitor specific analytical parameters of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) because each property dictates reaction stoichiometry and product stability:
- Enantiomeric Purity ([alpha]D20 = +12.0° to +12.8° for L-(+)-Tartaric Acid vs. 0.0° for DL-Tartaric Acid): In winemaking (enology) and fruit beverages containing natural calcium ions (60 to 150 mg/L Ca2+), adding racemic DL-Tartaric Acid is strictly forbidden and causes a severe technological defect: D-(-)-tartrate combines with L-(+)-tartrate and calcium ions to precipitate insoluble Calcium DL-Racemate crystals (solubility in wine ~30 mg/L—eight times less soluble than Calcium L-(+)-Tartrate at ~240 mg/L!), producing a permanent white crystalline haze in bottled wine! Specifying pure L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (CAS 87-69-4, E334) from Ataman Kimya guarantees predictable potassium bitartrate cold stabilization and full EU/OIV compliance.
- Low First pKa (pKa1 = 2.98) and Low Equivalent Weight (75.04 g/eq): In effervescent pharmaceutical tablets, bath bombs, and double-acting baking powders (where Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) reacts with Sodium Bicarbonate NaHCO3 to release carbon dioxide gas CO2), each 1.00 g of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) neutralizes 1.12 g of NaHCO3 cleanly and rapidly in cold water: C4H6O6 + 2 NaHCO3 --> Na2C4H4O6 + 2 CO2 + 2 H2O. 

Furthermore, in buffered baking powders, mixing Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) with Potassium Bitartrate (Cream of Tartar) provides both rapid cold-dough bench leavening and controlled oven-heat gas release without leaving a soapy or metallic aftertaste.
- Controlled Particle Size (Granular vs. Fine Powder < 75–150 Microns) and Anti-Caking Conditioning: In dry-mix gypsum plasters, tile adhesives, and self-leveling floor screeds (where Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is dosed at only 0.03% to 0.15% w/w = 300 to 1,500 g per metric ton of dry mortar!), coarse crystals would cause localized unhardened spots and batch-to-batch setting-time variations. Using a fine micronized powder grade of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) conditioned with 0.2%–0.5% hydrophobic/hydrophilic silica ensures uniform dry dispersion across every bag of plaster and dissolves instantaneously when gauging water is added!
- Ultra-Low Moisture (<= 0.20%) and Non-Hygroscopic Crystal Habit below 75% RH: Unlike citric acid anhydrous (which absorbs moisture above 65% RH and triggers premature CO2 gas generation in stored effervescent tablets), anhydrous L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is non-hygroscopic below 75%–78% relative humidity at 25 °C, extending shelf life in dry beverage mixes, sherbets, and effervescent granules.

HOW DOES TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID) WORK AT THE MOLECULAR AND INTERFACIAL LEVEL?

Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) operates through four distinct chemical mechanisms across food, pharmaceutical, construction, and surface-treatment systems:

 Proton-Donating Acidulation, pH Depression, and SO2 / Anthocyanin Equilibrium Shifting: When dissolved in wine, must, fruit juices, or topical cosmetic gels, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) dissociates at C-1 (pKa1 = 2.98) and C-4 (pKa2 = 4.34) to release solvated hydronium ions (H3O+). In winemaking, lowering must or wine pH by 0.2 to 0.4 units (e.g., from pH 3.85 down to pH 3.45 by adding 1.0 to 2.5 g/L L-(+)-Tartaric Acid) doubles the mole fraction of antimicrobially active molecular sulfur dioxide (SO2·H2O) and shifts anthocyanin grape pigments from the colorless hemiketal form into the vibrant ruby-red flavylium cation, simultaneously protecting wine against Brettanomyces/bacterial spoilage and oxidative browning.

 Stoichiometric Effervescent Decarboxylation with Alkali Carbonates: When dry Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) crystals and Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) contact water, proton transfer from the -COOH groups to HCO3- generates carbonic acid (H2CO3), which decomposes instantaneously into micro-bubbles of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) and highly soluble sodium tartrate. Combining Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (fast, cold-water-soluble acid, pKa1 = 2.98) with Citric Acid in a 1:1 or 2:1 ratio prevents the sticky, gummy intermediate citric-salt layer that slows down tablet disintegration, yielding crisp, clear 60-second effervescent tablet dissolution!

 Epitaxial Calcium Complexation and Crystal-Face Poisoning on Gypsum and Cement: When water is added to calcium sulfate hemihydrate (beta- or alpha-plaster, CaSO4·0.5H2O) or Portland cement, calcium ions dissolve into the alkaline pore solution. In the presence of lime (Ca(OH)2, pH 9.0 to 12.5), the carboxylate and hydroxyl oxygens of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) coordinate with surface Ca2+ ions on the embryonic nuclei and fast-growing [111] needle tips of gypsum dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) and tricalcium aluminate (C3A). This chemisorbed calcium-tartrate monolayer blocks further Ca2+ and SO4 2- ion attachment for a precisely tunable induction period (30 to 180 minutes), after which hydration resumes cleanly to achieve high final compressive strength.

 Alpha-Hydroxy Acid (AHA) Corneodesmosome Cleavage & Metal Oxide Chelation: In dermatological and cosmetic skin-care formulations (at pH 3.5 to 4.2), Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) chelates calcium ions from cadherin-dependent corneodesmosome junctions in the outer stratum corneum, promoting gentle keratolytic desquamation, boosting skin cell turnover, and acting as an antioxidant metal chelator. In metal treatment and PCB manufacturing, it complexes copper, iron, aluminum, and tin oxides into water-soluble tartrate chelates for bright oxide removal and electroless plating.

WHAT PROBLEMS CAN TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID) HELP SOLVE?

Formulators and process engineers across six major industries deploy Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) to eliminate critical product and processing defects:
High pH, flat taste, dull color, and microbial spoilage in warm-climate Grape Musts and Wines solved by Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid)
Grapes harvested in warm climates often suffer from potassium accumulation and malic acid respiration, resulting in high must pH (> 3.8 to 4.1), flat taste, brownish-purple color, and vulnerability to bacterial spoilage. Acidifying with 0.5 to 2.5 g/L L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) restores crisp acidity, lowers pH to 3.3–3.5, brightens red wine color, and resists malolactic degradation.

Flash setting and short working time (< 8–12 minutes) in Gypsum Plasters, Molding Stucco, and Self-Leveling Screeds solved by Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid)
Unretarded calcium sulfate hemihydrate plaster sets in 8 to 15 minutes, making machine spraying, hand troweling, or large gypsum mold casting impossible. Dosing 0.03% to 0.20% w/w of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (at pH > 8.5–9.5 with hydrated lime) extends plaster working time predictably to 45–150 minutes without slimy rheology or microbial odor (unlike proteinaceous keratin retarders).

Slow tablet disintegration, sticky capping, and moisture-induced gas evolution in Effervescent Tablets solved by Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid)
Effervescent tablets formulated solely with citric acid often become sticky during tableting under ambient humidity and leave a slow-dissolving core. Blending Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) with citric acid and sodium bicarbonate improves powder compressibility, eliminates sticky die-wall build-up, and drives vigorous, complete tablet dissolution in < 60 to 90 seconds.
Sucrose crystallization ('graining') in boiled sugar confectionery and weak foam in meringues solved by Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid)
In hard candies,toffees, fondants, and jams, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) catalyzes controlled acid inversion of sucrose into non-crystallizing glucose and fructose ('invert sugar') while imparting a bright fruit tang and preventing pectin syneresis.

Unresolved racemic chiral drug intermediates in Pharmaceutical API Manufacturing solved by Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid)
Many blockbuster cardiovascular, neurological, and antiviral APIs contain chiral amine centers that must be separated into a single active enantiomer. Enantiopure L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (CAS 87-69-4) and D-(-)-Tartaric Acid (CAS 147-71-7) form diastereomeric tartrate salts with racemic amines that crystallize selectively with >99% enantiomeric purity, and form official FDA/EMA-approved tartrate API salts (such as metoprolol tartrate, zolpidem tartrate, varenicline tartrate, brimonidine tartrate, and rivastigmine tartrate).

Premature copper/nickel hydroxide precipitation in Electroless Plating and Metal Brightening solved by Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid)
In alkaline electroless copper plating Baths (for printed circuit boards, PCBs) and brass/copper deoxidizing cleaners, cupric ions precipitate as insoluble Cu(OH)2 above pH 6.0 unless chelated. Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) forms a stable, biodegradable soluble copper(II)-tartrate complex at pH 11–13 that permits uniform autocatalytic copper deposition without toxic EDTA or cyanide!

BENEFITS FOR THE MANUFACTURER AND END USER

Selecting Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) from Ataman Kimya provides distinct technical, sensory, and economic benefits:
Benefits of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) for the Manufacturer:
- High Proton-Release Strength (pKa1 = 2.98) & Low Dosage Requirement: Requires 15% to 25% less acid weight than malic or lactic acid to achieve the same target pH drop in beverages, wines, and cosmetics.
- Non-Hygroscopic Stability Below 75% RH: Anhydrous L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) crystals resist moisture pickup in dry powder blends, baking powders, and effervescent tablet granulation.
- Predictable Linear Gypsum & Cement Retardation Curve: Provides clean, odorless, reproducible setting-time extension in alkaline gypsum plasters and cementitious grouts at ultra-low dosages (0.02% to 0.20% w/w).
- Dual-Certified Compendial & Food Quality: Available with full E334, FCC, USP-NF, Ph. Eur., BP, JP, Kosher, Halal, Non-GMO, and Vegan certifications.
- 100% Biodegradable & EDTA/Cyanide-Free Chelation: Readily biodegradable (> 85% in 28 days) metal complexing agent for eco-friendly cleaners, fertilizers, and plating baths.
Benefits of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) for the End User:
- Authentic Crisp Fruit & Wine Flavor Profile: Imparts a natural, clean tartness that enhances grape, berry, cherry, and citrus flavors without lingering synthetic sourness.
- Smooth, Crack-Free Gypsum Plastering & Sparkling Effervescent Dissolution: Gives plasterers ample open time for mirror-smooth wall finishing and consumers rapid, crystal-clear effervescent tablet fizz.

APPLICATIONS OF TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)

Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid / L-(+)-Tartaric Acid / E334) is utilized across eight major global application sectors:
1. Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is extensively utilized in Enology and Winemaking as the primary authorized organic acidulant (E334) for grape must and wine pH adjustment, sensory acidity balancing, color stabilization, and microbial protection.
2. Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is used in Food, Confectionery, Bakery, and Beverage Formulations as a fruit-flavored acidulant, sucrose inversion catalyst, pectin gelation pH buffer, antioxidant synergist, and fast-reacting baking-powder leavening acid.
3. Also, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is utilized in the Pharmaceutical Industry as an effervescent tablet and granule acid source, a chiral resolving agent for racemic amines, and an official API salt counterion (for tartrate drugs such as metoprolol tartrate and zolpidem tartrate).
4. For Construction Chemicals, Gypsum Plasters, Molding Stucco, and Portland Cement Admixtures, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is widely used as a high-efficiency setting retarder and workability extender.
5. In Cosmetics, Personal Care, and Dermo-Cosmetics (under INCI: TARTARIC ACID), Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is employed as a keratolytic Alpha-Hydroxy Acid (AHA) exfoliant, pH adjuster, antioxidant chelator, and bath-bomb effervescent activator.
6. Furthermore, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is utilized in Metal Surface Treatment, Electroless Copper PCB Plating, Aluminum Anodizing, and Industrial Acid Descaling as a biodegradable copper, iron, and aluminum chelating agent.
7. Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is also used as the chemical feedstock for manufacturing Emulsifiers and Tartrate Salts (including DATEM E472e Diacetyl Tartaric Acid Esters of Mono- and Diglycerides, Potassium Bitartrate E336, Rochelle Salt E337, and Sodium Tartrate E335).
8. In Agriculture, Textile Printing, and Fine Chemical Synthesis, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) serves as a foliar micronutrient chelator (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu), a textile mordant/discharge printing acid, and an asymmetric synthesis ligand (such as in Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation).

WHICH INDUSTRIES USE TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)?

- The Winemaking (Enology), Viticulture, Cider, and Beverage Industry relies on Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid / L-(+)-Tartaric Acid E334) for must acidification, pH buffering, and tartrate stabilization.
- The Food Processing, Confectionery, Jam/Jelly, and Industrial Bakery Industry utilizes Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) as an E334 acidulant, sucrose inverter, baking-powder leavening acid, and DATEM (E472e) bread-improver raw material.
- The Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical, and Chiral Fine-Chemical Manufacturing Industry uses Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) in effervescent dosage forms, optical enantiomer resolution, and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) tartrate salt synthesis.
- The Construction Chemicals, Gypsum Wallboard, Dry-Mix Plaster, and Cement Admixture Industry deploys Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) as a precision hydration and setting retarder.
- The Cosmetics, Dermo-Cosmetic, Hair Care, and Bath-Product Industry uses Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid / INCI: TARTARIC ACID) in AHA chemical peels, pH-balancing shampoos, and fizzing bath tablets.
- The Electronics (PCB Electroless Copper Plating), Electroplating, Metal Cleaning, and Textile Dyeing Industry utilizes Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) as a non-toxic, biodegradable metal complexing agent.

USE OF TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID) IN WINEMAKING, FOOD AND BEVERAGES (E334)

- Enology and Winemaking Acidification with L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (0.5 to 3.0 g/L): In accordance with European Union Oenological Regulation (EU) 2019/934 and OIV standards, L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (CAS 87-69-4, E334) is the premier legal acidulant for grape musts and wines (typically permitted up to 1.5 g/L in fresh must and up to 2.5 g/L in finished wine, or up to 4.0 g/L in specific warm viticultural zones). Adding 1.0 g/L of L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) increases titratable acidity by 1.0 g/L (expressed as tartaric acid) and lowers wine pH by approximately 0.10 to 0.15 units (after accounting for partial potassium bitartrate precipitation). Unlike citric acid (which is fermented by lactic acid bacteria into diacetyl and volatile acetic acid) or malic acid (which undergoes malolactic fermentation into softer lactic acid), L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is microbially stable and preserves permanent, crisp structural acidity in white, rosé, sparkling, and red wines!
- Confectionery, Sour Gummies, Hard Candies, Jams, and Soft Drinks with Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (0.1% to 2.0% w/w): In grape-, cherry-, berry-, plum-, and cola-flavored carbonated beverages, sour sanding sugars for gummy candies, high-boiled hard candies, and fruit pectins/jams, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) delivers an immediate, mouth-watering tartness burst, buffers jam pH to the optimal 2.8–3.3 window required for high-methoxyl pectin gelation, prevents sucrose graining via controlled inversion, and chelates trace copper/iron ions to synergize with ascorbic acid (E300) and tocopherols against lipid/color oxidation.
- Bakery Leavening & DATEM (E472e) Emulsifier Synthesis with Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid): Used in fast-acting baking powders alongside sodium bicarbonate, and reacted with acetic anhydride and mono-/diglycerides to manufacture E472e (Diacetyl Tartaric Acid Esters of Mono- and Diglycerides, DATEM), the world's leading gluten-strengthening dough conditioner for crusty artisan and industrial bread!

USE OF TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID) IN PHARMACEUTICALS AND COSMETICS

- Pharmaceutical Effervescent Tablets & Powders with Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (15.0% to 35.0% w/w): In effervescent analgesic (paracetamol, aspirin), vitamin C, electrolyte, and antacid tablets/sachets, USP-NF / Ph. Eur. grade L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is combined with anhydrous citric acid (typically in a 1:1 to 2:1 Tartaric:Citric weight ratio) and sodium bicarbonate. Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) prevents the sticky plasticity of pure citric acid during roller compaction and rotary tableting while ensuring vigorous CO2 effervescence and crystal-clear solution clarity in cold water.
- Chiral Resolution & Pharmaceutical API Tartrate Salts: Used on a multi-thousand-ton scale to resolve racemic chiral amines via diastereomeric salt crystallization and as the official counterion in USP/Ph. Eur. active pharmaceutical ingredients including Metoprolol Tartrate, Zolpidem Tartrate, Brimonidine Tartrate, Varenicline Tartrate, Rivastigmine Tartrate, Vinorelbine Tartrate, Ergotamine Tartrate, and Potassium Antimony Tartrate.
- Cosmetics & Dermo-Cosmetic AHA Formulations with Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (0.2% to 10.0% w/w, INCI: TARTARIC ACID): Formulated at 1.0% to 10.0% w/w in multi-fruit AHA facial chemical peels, brightening serums, and acne/anti-aging toners (alongside glycolic and lactic acids at pH 3.5–4.0) to exfoliate dull corneocytes without the volatile odor of glycolic acid; used at 0.1% to 0.8% w/w as a cuticle-sealing pH buffer and hard-water calcium chelator in shampoos and conditioners; and dosed at 15% to 30% w/w in luxury fizzing bath bombs.

USE OF TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID) IN CONSTRUCTION GYPSUM / CEMENT AND METAL TREATMENT

- Gypsum Plaster, Stucco, and Wallboard Setting Retardation with Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (0.02% to 0.25% w/w): Fine powder Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is one of the construction industry's most reliable, odorless chemical retarders for calcium sulfate hemihydrate (beta-plaster for interior machine-projection and hand-troweled wall plasters, jointing compounds, and gypsum blocks, and alpha-plaster for high-strength dental/ceramic molds and self-leveling floor screeds). Crucially, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) achieves its maximum retarding efficiency in alkaline gypsum systems (pH 8.5 to 12.0, typically co-formulated with 0.5% to 2.0% w/w hydrated lime Ca(OH)2 or cement), where calcium tartrate complexes poison gypsum dihydrate nucleation and extend setting time from 10 minutes out to 60–180 minutes with minimal loss of final 7-day compressive strength.
- Portland Cement, High-Alumina Cement, and Oilfield Grout Retardation (0.05% to 0.40% bwoc): Retards rapid tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and ettringite hydration in warm-weather concrete, shotcrete, self-leveling ternary mortars (OPC + CAC + Calcium Sulfate), and oil-well cementing slurries, while acting as a grinding aid in cement ball mills.
- Electroless Copper PCB Plating, Anodizing & Metal Cleaning (10 to 50 g/L): Serves as the primary non-EDTA, biodegradable copper(II) complexing ligand in alkaline formaldehyde-reduced electroless copper baths for printed circuit boards (PCBs), in tin/copper/gold electroplating, in aluminum anodizing pore-sealing/coloring baths, and in acidic rust/scale removal cleaners.

FORMULATION AND PROCESS CONSIDERATIONS WHEN USING TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)

To achieve optimal performance when formulating or processing with Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid), engineers and R&D chemists should observe five practical rules:
 Alkaline Activation (pH > 8.5 with Hydrated Lime) in Gypsum Retardation: In pure neutral beta-hemihydrate gypsum (pH ~6.5 to 7.0), Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) alone provides only modest setting retardation and slightly lowers pH. However, when 0.5% to 2.0% w/w of Hydrated Lime (Calcium Hydroxide, Ca(OH)2) or Portland cement is present in the dry plaster mix (raising wet slurry pH to 9.5–12.0), the hydroxyl groups of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) deprotonate to coordinate Ca2+ ions strongly—multiplying the retarding power of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) by 400% to 600%!
 Selecting Fine Powder (< 75–100 Microns) with Anti-Caking Silica for Dry-Mix Mortars and Effervescents: For dry-mix gypsum plasters and tableting blends, always specify fine-powder Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (< 100 microns, optionally pre-blended with 0.2%–0.5% colloidal silica) so the trace 0.05%–0.15% dosage distributes homogeneously without segregation. For liquid beverage, wine, and plating solutions, standard crystalline granular Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is preferred for dust-free pouring and rapid dissolution.
 Strict Humidity Control (< 25%–35% RH) During Effervescent Tablet Manufacturing: When blending Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) with Sodium Bicarbonate for effervescent tablets, maintain room relative humidity below 25%–35% RH at 20–22 °C so trace surface moisture does not trigger premature acid-base reaction (CO2 evolution) prior to blister-foil sealing.
 Calculating Exact Potassium Bitartrate Loss in Wine Acidification: When adding L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) to wine (which contains 600 to 1,200 mg/L K+), roughly 30% to 50% of the added tartaric acid will precipitate as potassium bitartrate (KHC4H4O6) during cold stabilization (-4 °C). Always run a benchtop trial series (e.g., +0.5, +1.0, +1.5, and +2.0 g/L L-(+)-Tartaric Acid chilled at -4 °C for 48 hours) to measure final post-stabilization pH and titratable acidity!

TYPICAL USE LEVELS AND INITIAL FORMULATION APPROACHES FOR TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)

Typical commercial incorporation levels for Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) depend on the target industry, pH target, and stoichiometric reaction ratio:
- In Winemaking and Grape Must Acidification (E334 L-(+)-Tartaric Acid), Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is dosed at 0.5 to 2.5 g/L (50 to 250 g/hL, up to legal OIV/EU ceilings) to lower pH by 0.1 to 0.4 units and raise total acidity.
- In Carbonated Soft Drinks, Fruit Juices, and Wine Coolers, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is utilized at 0.05% to 0.40% w/w (0.5 to 4.0 g/L).
- In Sour Confectionery, Hard Boiled Candies, Gummies, and Jams/Jellies, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is incorporated at 0.2% to 2.0% w/w.
- In Pharmaceutical Effervescent Tablets, Granules, and Bath Bombs, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is used at 12.0% to 35.0% w/w (stoichiometric ratio: 1.00 part Tartaric Acid per 1.12 parts NaHCO3, often blended 1:1 with anhydrous citric acid).
- In Gypsum Wall Plasters, Machine-Spray Stucco, and Molding Plasters, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is dosed at 0.02% to 0.20% w/w on dry gypsum weight (200 g to 2,000 g per metric ton of dry plaster, paired with 0.5%–2.0% hydrated lime).
- In Portland Cement, Ternary Self-Leveling Screeds, and Oil-Well Cementing Slurries, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is applied at 0.05% to 0.35% bwoc (by weight of cement).
- In Cosmetics and Dermo-Cosmetic AHA Peels / Shampoos (INCI: TARTARIC ACID), Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is employed at 0.1% to 0.8% w/w for pH adjustment/chelation and 1.0% to 10.0% w/w in keratolytic AHA skin-renewal treatments.
- In Electroless Copper PCB Plating and Metal Surface Cleaning Baths, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is used at 15.0 to 50.0 g/L (1.5% to 5.0% w/w).
The four laboratory and pilot frameworks below illustrate preliminary R&D evaluation protocols for Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) by qualified technical personnel.

EXAMPLE 1: BENCH-SCALE EVALUATION OF SETTING TIME RETARDATION AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IN A MACHINE-APPLIED GYPSUM WALL PLASTER WITH TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)

Purpose: To evaluate initial and final Vicat setting time extension (EN 13279-2) and 7-day dry compressive/flexural strength retention when dosing fine-powder Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) in an alkaline beta-hemihydrate gypsum wall plaster.
Initial dry-mix plaster formulation using Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (per 1,000.0 g dry batch):
- Beta-Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Stucco (CaSO4·0.5H2O, unretarded baseline initial set = 11 minutes): 760.0 g (76.0% w/w)
- Ground Limestone / Calcium Carbonate Filler (0–0.5 mm): 215.0 g (21.5% w/w)
- Hydrated Lime (Calcium Hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, alkaline pH activator to pH ~11.2, essential to activate Tartaric Acid retardation): 15.0 g (1.5% w/w)
- Methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC, water-retention ether, viscosity 40,000 mPa·s): 2.0 g (0.20% w/w)
- Expanded Perlite / Air-Entraining Surfactant (workability package): 7.0 g (0.70% w/w)
- Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) Fine Powder (< 100 microns, CAS 87-69-4 / 133-37-9, evaluated across a 3-point dosage ladder of 0.50 g, 1.00 g, and 1.50 g per 1,000 g dry mix = 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15% w/w): 1.00 g (0.10% w/w)
Laboratory evaluation procedure:
- Stage 1 (Dry Homogenization): Pre-blend the 1.00 g fine-powder Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) with the 15.0 g hydrated lime and 2.0 g MHEC for 5 minutes to ensure uniform micro-distribution, then blend with the 760.0 g beta-hemihydrate stucco and 222.0 g limestone/perlite in a laboratory ploughshare mixer for 10 minutes.
- Stage 2 (Water Gauging & Slump/Vicat Setting Test per EN 13279-2): Add the 1,000.0 g dry plaster blend to 620.0 g of tap water at 20 °C (water-to-plaster ratio = 0.62), allow to soak for 1 minute, and mix with a mechanical Hobart/planetary paddle for 2 minutes. Measure wet slurry pH (verify pH = 11.0 to 11.6) and Patty flow diameter (165 +/- 5 mm).
- Stage 3 (Setting Curve & Mechanical Strength Verification): Track Vicat needle penetration every 5 minutes at 20 °C / 65% RH: verify that whereas the 0.0% control sets in 11 minutes, 0.05% w/w Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) extends initial setting time to ~45 minutes, 0.10% w/w Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) extends initial setting time to ~90–110 minutes, and 0.15% w/w extends initial setting time to ~150–170 minutes. Cast 40 x 40 x 160 mm prisms, cure for 7 days, and verify dry compressive strength >= 2.5 to 3.5 MPa (meeting EN 13279-1 Class B1/B4 gypsum building plaster requirements).

EXAMPLE 2: ENOLOGICAL ACIDIFICATION AND COLD-STABILIZATION BENCH TRIAL IN HIGH-PH GRAPE MUST AND WINE WITH L-(+)-TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)

Purpose: To determine the exact dosage of Natural/Food-Grade L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid, CAS 87-69-4, E334) required to adjust a high-pH grape must or wine from pH 3.82 down to a microbiologically stable target of pH 3.45 after cold potassium bitartrate stabilization.
Initial wine screening ladder with L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (four 500 mL wine aliquots):
- Baseline Unacidified Dry Red or White Wine (initial pH = 3.82, Initial Titratable Acidity = 4.4 g/L as tartaric acid, Potassium K+ = 980 mg/L, Free SO2 = 28 mg/L): 4 x 500.0 mL flasks
- L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid, CAS 87-69-4, E334, >= 99.7% purity, [alpha]D20 = +12.4°):
  - Flask A (Control): 0.00 g (0.0 g/L)
  - Flask B (+1.0 g/L L-(+)-Tartaric Acid): 0.50 g per 500 mL
  - Flask C (+1.5 g/L L-(+)-Tartaric Acid): 0.75 g per 500 mL
  - Flask D (+2.0 g/L L-(+)-Tartaric Acid): 1.00 g per 500 mL
Laboratory evaluation procedure:
- Dissolve the weighed L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) crystals completely in Flasks B, C, and D at 20 °C and measure immediate pre-stabilization pH and titratable acidity (by titration to pH 8.2 with 0.1N NaOH).
- Seed each flask with 0.20 g (0.4 g/L) of micronized Potassium Bitartrate (Cream of Tartar) contact crystals and hold in a refrigerated bath at -4.0 °C for 72 hours to force equilibrium precipitation of excess potassium bitartrate (KHC4H4O6).
- Filter the cold wines through a 0.45-micron membrane at -4.0 °C, warm to 20 °C, and measure post-stabilization pH, Titratable Acidity, and active molecular SO2: verify that Flask C (+1.5 g/L L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid)) achieves the target post-stabilization pH of 3.46, raises stable titratable acidity to 5.45 g/L, increases active molecular SO2 from 0.28 mg/L up to 0.62 mg/L, and passes the -4 °C cold-stability conductivity drop test (< 5% conductivity drop).

EXAMPLE 3: PHARMACEUTICAL EFFERVESCENT VITAMIN C / ANALGESIC TABLET GRANULATION AND DISINTEGRATION EVALUATION WITH TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)

Purpose: To evaluate non-sticky granulation, rotary tablet compression, and rapid (< 60-second) cold-water effervescent disintegration using a synergistic binary acid system of USP-NF L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) and Anhydrous Citric Acid.
Initial effervescent tablet formulation (per 1,000.0 g dry blend = 250 tablets of 4.00 g each):
- Active Ingredient (e.g., Ascorbic Acid Vitamin C 250.0 g = 1,000 mg/tablet, or Paracetamol 125.0 g = 500 mg/tablet + Sorbitol filler): 250.0 g (25.0% w/w)
- L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid, USP-NF / Ph. Eur. Fine Crystalline Powder, CAS 87-69-4, Moisture <= 0.15%): 200.0 g (20.0% w/w = 800 mg/tablet)
- Citric Acid Anhydrous (USP-NF Fine Granular): 140.0 g (14.0% w/w = 560 mg/tablet)
- Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3, USP Effervescent Grade) + Anhydrous Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3, 30.0 g desiccant/buffer): 340.0 g (34.0% w/w)
- Polyethylene Glycol 6000 (PEG 6000 Micronized Water-Soluble Tablet Lubricant): 25.0 g (2.5% w/w)
- Mannitol / Sorbitol Direct-Compression Binder + Acesulfame-K / Sucralose Sweetener + Lemon/Orange Flavor: 45.0 g (4.5% w/w)
Laboratory evaluation procedure:
- Operating in a dehumidified room (< 25% RH at 20 °C), dry-blend the 200.0 g L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid), 140.0 g anhydrous citric acid, active ingredient, and mannitol/sweetener, compact via anhydrous roller compaction (or fluid-bed granulation with anhydrous ethanol), and blend with the 340.0 g sodium bicarbonate/carbonate, flavor, and 25.0 g PEG 6000 lubricant.
- Compress into 25 mm flat-faced beveled-edge 4.00 g tablets on a rotary tablet press at 25 to 35 kN compression force (target tablet hardness = 75 to 100 N; friability < 0.5%). Observe zero punch sticking or capping thanks to the high crystalline melting point (169 °C) of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid).
- Test tablet disintegration per Ph. Eur. 2.9.1 / USP <2040> in 200 mL of water at 15–20 °C: verify vigorous, uniform CO2 effervescence with complete disintegration in 45 to 65 seconds into a sparkling-clear solution at pH 4.35!

EXAMPLE 4: EDTA-FREE ALKALINE ELECTROLESS COPPER PLATING BATH FOR PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS (PCBS) CHELATED WITH TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)

Purpose: To evaluate copper(II) chelation stability at pH 12.5, autocatalytic copper deposition rate (microns/hour), and wastewater biodegradability in an EDTA-free electroless copper metallization bath for through-hole printed circuit boards (PCBs) using Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid).
Initial electroless copper plating bath composition (per 1.00 Liter aqueous bath):
- Copper(II) Sulfate Pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O, delivering 3.0 g/L Cu2+ metal): 12.0 g/L
- L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid, CAS 87-69-4, biodegradable Cu2+ chelating ligand, 3.2:1 molar ratio to Cu2+): 23.0 g/L (or 43.0 g/L Rochelle Salt KNaC4H4O6·4H2O)
- Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH, to deprotonate Tartaric Acid and adjust bath pH to 12.4–12.6 at 25 °C): 14.0 g/L
- Formaldehyde (37% aqueous HCHO solution, autocatalytic reducing agent: [Cu(C4H2O6)2]4- + 2 HCHO + 4 OH- --> Cu0 + 2 HCOO- + H2 + 2 H2O + 2 C4H4O6 2-): 8.0 mL/L
- 2,2'-Bipyridyl + Polyethylene Glycol (5 ppm stabilizer / grain refiner): 0.015 g/L
- Deionized Water: Balance to 1,000 mL
Laboratory evaluation procedure:
- Dissolve the 23.0 g/L Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) and 12.0 g/L CuSO4·5H2O in 700 mL deionized water, then slowly add the 14.0 g/L NaOH dissolved in 200 mL water: observe the immediate formation of a crystal-clear, deep royal-blue alkaline bis(tartrato)cuprate(II) solution at pH 12.5 with zero Cu(OH)2 precipitation!
- Add the stabilizer and 8.0 mL/L formaldehyde at 28 °C, and immerse a palladium-activated epoxy-fiberglass (FR-4) printed circuit board coupon for 20 minutes under gentle air/mechanical agitation.
- Verify deposition of a dense, ductile, salmon-pink metallic copper layer (thickness 1.8 to 2.2 microns in 20 minutes) across all drilled through-hole walls, and confirm that spent rinse water can be precipitated simply by lowering pH or adding Ca(OH)2/FeSO4 (unlike persistent EDTA complexes, which resist wastewater precipitation!).

COMPATIBILITY AND INCOMPATIBILITY OF TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)

Evaluating chemical and ionic compatibility is essential when formulating Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) into food, wine, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or construction products:
- Full Compatibility of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) with Organic Acids, Sugars, and Hydrocolloids: In aqueous and dry systems, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is 100% compatible with citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), fumaric acid, glycolic acid, sucrose, glucose, polyols (sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, glycerin, propylene glycol), pectin, xanthan gum, and nonionic/anionic surfactants.
- Controlled Precipitation Reactions of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) with Potassium (K+) and Calcium (Ca2+) Salts: Unlike citric acid (whose potassium salt is soluble > 1,500 g/L), the mono-ionized bitartrate ion (HC4H4O6-, predominant at pH 3.0 to 4.2) reacts with concentrated Potassium ions (K+) to precipitate sparingly soluble Potassium Bitartrate (KHC4H4O6, solubility ~5.7 g/L in water at 20 °C and ~2.5 g/L in 12% ethanol) and with Calcium ions (Ca2+ at pH > 3.5–4.5) to precipitate sparingly soluble Calcium Tartrate Tetrahydrate (CaC4H4O6·4H2O, solubility ~0.26 g/L in water). In clear liquid pharmaceuticals or high-calcium beverages at pH 3.2–4.5, verify K+ and Ca2+ concentrations to avoid unexpected crystal sedimentation (or co-blend with citric acid/sodium citrate).
- Intentional Effervescent Reaction of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) with Carbonates and Bicarbonates: In the presence of moisture, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) reacts vigorously with sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, and calcium carbonate to liberate carbon dioxide gas (CO2). Keep dry blends strictly anhydrous prior to use.
- Incompatibility of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) with Strong Oxidizers and Silver/Nitrate Salts: Keep away from strong oxidizing agents (permanganates, chlorates, concentrated nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide), metallic silver/ammoniacal silver nitrate (which Tartaric Acid reduces to a metallic silver mirror), and strong bases (exothermic neutralization).

SIMILAR PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES TO TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)

When selecting an organic acidulant, pH buffer, effervescent acid, gypsum retarder, or metal chelator, formulators compare Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) against Citric Acid (E330), DL-Malic Acid (E296), L-(+)-Lactic Acid (E270), Potassium Bitartrate (Cream of Tartar, E336), and Sodium Gluconate (E576).

TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID) AND CITRIC ACID (E330, CAS 77-92-9)

Citric Acid (2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, C6H8O7, MW 192.12 g/mol, pKa1 = 3.13, pKa2 = 4.76, pKa3 = 6.40) is a triprotic beta-hydroxy acid produced by Aspergillus niger fermentation.
Compared with Citric Acid, Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid, C4H6O6, MW 150.09 g/mol, pKa1 = 2.98, pKa2 = 4.34) provides four distinct technical advantages: (1) In winemaking, Citric Acid is metabolized by lactic acid bacteria into buttery diacetyl and volatile acetic acid (vinegar taint) and is legally restricted to <= 1.0 g/L total in EU wines, whereas L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is microbially stable and is the natural native acid of grapes; (2) In effervescent tablets, Tartaric Acid is less sticky during compression and dissolves faster without forming a gummy intermediate calcium/sodium salt layer; (3) In alkaline gypsum plaster retardation (with lime at pH 10–12), Tartaric Acid delivers a more linear, non-slump-killing retardation curve and higher 7-day compressive strength than Citric Acid (which excessively thins gypsum slurries and reduces crystal interlocking strength); and (4) Tartaric Acid has a sharper, authentic grape/berry flavor profile rather than a lemon/citrus note.

TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID) AND DL-MALIC ACID (E296, CAS 6915-15-7)

Malic Acid (2-hydroxybutanedioic acid, C4H6O5, MW 134.09 g/mol, pKa1 = 3.40, pKa2 = 5.11) is the monohydroxy counterpart lacking the second -OH group at C-3.
Because Malic Acid has only one hydroxyl group, it is significantly weaker as an acid (pKa1 = 3.40 vs. 2.98 for Tartaric Acid), delivers a slower, lingering 'green apple' sourness rather than a sharp initial burst, is degraded by malolactic bacteria in wine, and has much weaker calcium/copper chelating and gypsum-retarding power (because it lacks the vicinal C-2/C-3 diol geometry of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid)).

TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID) AND L-(+)-LACTIC ACID (E270, CAS 79-33-4)

Lactic Acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid, C3H6O3, MW 90.08 g/mol, pKa = 3.86) is a monoprotic liquid acid supplied as an 80%–88% syrup.
Because Lactic Acid is a liquid at room temperature and has a relatively high pKa (3.86), it cannot be used in dry effervescent tablets or dry-mix baking powders and gypsum plasters, and imparts a mild dairy/fermented sourness. Crystalline Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is a dry, free-flowing solid with nearly ten times stronger acidity (pKa1 = 2.98).

TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID) AND POTASSIUM BITARTRATE (CREAM OF TARTAR, E336, CAS 868-14-4)

Potassium Bitartrate (Potassium Hydrogen Tartrate, KHC4H4O6, MW 188.18 g/mol) is the mono-potassium salt of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid), where one -COOH group is already neutralized.
Whereas free Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is extremely soluble in cold water (1,390 g/L) and reacts immediately with sodium bicarbonate at room temperature, Potassium Bitartrate has low cold-water solubility (5.7 g/L at 20 °C vs. 61 g/L at 100 °C) and reacts mainly upon heating in the oven. In baking powders and winemaking contact-seeding, the two are frequently used as complementary partners!

TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID) AND SODIUM GLUCONATE (E576, CAS 527-07-1) IN CONCRETE & GYPSUM

Sodium Gluconate (C6H11NaO7) is a polyhydroxy monocarboxylate widely used as a concrete set retarder and alkaline bottle-washing chelator.
While Sodium Gluconate excels at retarding C3S/C2S silicate hydration in Ordinary Portland Cement concrete, it is a weak retarder for calcium sulfate hemihydrate (gypsum plasters) and fast-setting C3A/ternary screeds. Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) specifically targets gypsum dihydrate and C3A/ettringite crystal faces, making it the superior retarder for gypsum plasters, self-leveling screeds, and high-alumina ternary mortars.

QUALITY GRADES, QUALITY CONTROL AND PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)

When qualifying Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) from Ataman Kimya, R&D and Quality Control laboratories select from four tailored commercial grades:
- 1. Natural / Enological & Food Grade L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (E334 / FCC / OIV Grade, CAS 87-69-4): 100% dextrorotatory L-(+)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid ([alpha]D20 = +12.0° to +12.8°), Assay >= 99.5%–99.8%, Melting Point 168–170 °C, Loss on Drying <= 0.2%–0.5%, Sulfated Ash <= 0.05%, Oxalate <= 100 ppm, Lead <= 2 ppm, available as pure unconditioned crystals/granules or with 0.2%–0.5% food-grade E551 silica anti-caking agent for winemaking, beverages, confectionery, and bakery.
- 2. Pharmaceutical Compendial Grade L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (USP-NF / Ph. Eur. / BP / JP Grade, CAS 87-69-4): Manufactured under GMP-aligned controls with full compendial monograph compliance, bacterial endotoxin control, and ICH Q3D elemental impurity certification for effervescent tablets, oral/topical pharmaceuticals, and API tartrate salt synthesis.
- 3. Construction Gypsum & Cement Retarder Fine Powder Grade (L-(+) or DL-Tartaric Acid, CAS 87-69-4 / 133-37-9 / 526-83-0): Fine-milled powder (>= 95%–98% passing 100-mesh / 150-micron or 200-mesh / 75-micron screen, conditioned with free-flow silica) engineered for rapid dissolution and zero segregation in dry-mix gypsum wall plasters, self-leveling screeds, and cement admixtures.
- 4. Chiral Synthesis & Specialty Electronic Grade (L-(+) CAS 87-69-4 and D-(-) CAS 147-71-7): Enantiopure (> 99.5% ee), ultra-low-chloride/iron grades for chiral amine resolution and PCB electroless copper plating.
Incoming Quality-Control (QC) Parameters to Verify on Every Shipment of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid):
- Verify the Exact Stereoisomer Identity and CAS Number of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (L-(+) CAS 87-69-4 vs. DL CAS 526-83-0 / 133-37-9 vs. D-(-) CAS 147-71-7).
- Verify Specific Optical Rotation ([alpha]D20 = +12.0° to +12.8° for L-(+)-Tartaric Acid) and Melting Point (168–170 °C for L-(+) vs. 204–206 °C for DL).
- Verify Assay by Acid-Base Titration (99.5% to 100.5% on dried basis) and Loss on Drying at 105 °C (<= 0.20%–0.50%).
- Verify Particle Size Mesh Distribution (Granular 10–40 mesh vs. Fine Powder < 100/200 mesh) and presence or absence of anti-caking silica (note: winemakers and clear beverage/plating users prefer 100% pure unconditioned Tartaric Acid without silica so the solution is 100% crystal-clear with zero silica haze!).
- Verify Trace Impurity Ceilings (Oxalate <= 100 ppm, Sulfate <= 150 ppm, Chloride <= 100 ppm, Calcium <= 200 ppm, Sulfated Ash <= 0.05%–0.10%, and Heavy Metals / Pb <= 2 ppm).

STORAGE AND HANDLING OF TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)

Warehouse Storage Conditions for Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid): Store Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) in tightly sealed original polyethylene-lined multi-wall paper bags, woven polypropylene bags, fiber drums, or FIBC big bags in a cool, dry, well-ventilated indoor warehouse maintained between +5 and +30 °C and relative humidity below 65%–70%, away from direct sunlight, steam pipes, damp walls/floors, and alkaline or carbonate chemicals.
Caking Prevention for Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid): Although anhydrous L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) has a high critical relative humidity (~76% RH at 25 °C), fine powder grades of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) have high surface energy and can undergo crystal-bridge sintering ('caking') if exposed to fluctuating warehouse temperatures and humidity or excessive pallet-stacking pressure. Always reseal the inner polyethylene bag liner immediately after partial dispensing of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid), do not stack pallets more than two high, and select a silica-conditioned free-flow grade whenever long-term silo storage is required in construction or dry-blending plants (while selecting pure unconditioned crystal/granular grades for clear wine, beverage, and plating solutions). When stored unopened in its original moisture-barrier packaging under dry conditions (< 30 °C), Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) has a certified shelf life of 24 to 36 months from the date of manufacture.
Safe Handling, Dust Control, and Spill Cleanup for Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid): Handle dry Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) powder at charging stations equipped with local exhaust dust extraction (LEV) to avoid airborne acidic dust and prevent dust-cloud accumulation near ignition sources (ground pneumatic transfer lines when conveying fine organic acid powders). Sweep or vacuum spilled dry Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) crystals/powder mechanically into clean, dry containers, neutralize residual acidic floor traces with sodium bicarbonate or soda ash, and flush with water.

FIRST AID MEASURES AND SAFETY INFORMATION FOR TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)

First Aid Measures for Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid, CAS 87-69-4 / 133-37-9):
- Eye Contact with Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid): Because Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is a strong organic dicarboxylic acid (1% aqueous pH ~2.15; 10% pH ~1.6), direct contact of dry crystals, dust, or concentrated solutions with the eyes causes severe eye irritation or serious eye damage (GHS Eye Dam. 1, H318: Causes serious eye damage). If Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) enters the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with plenty of lukewarm low-pressure running water or sterile isotonic eyewash saline for at least 15 to 20 minutes while holding the upper and lower eyelids wide open and removing contact lenses if present and easy to do; obtain immediate ophthalmological medical care!
- Skin Contact with Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid): Brush off dry Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) powder, remove contaminated clothing, and wash affected skin thoroughly with mild soap and plenty of running water. Concentrated solutions on broken or sensitive skin cause stinging irritation; seek medical attention if redness or irritation persists.
- Inhalation of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) Dust: Inhaling airborne dust of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) causes coughing, sneezing, and stinging irritation of the nasal mucosa and throat. Move the exposed person immediately into fresh air, blow nose gently, and rinse the mouth and throat with clean water; seek medical advice if respiratory symptoms persist.
- Ingestion of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid): Although L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is an FDA GRAS / EU E334 food acidulant at dietary concentrations, swallowing large quantities of concentrated pure acid crystals irritates the mouth, esophagus, and stomach. Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and drink 1 to 2 glasses of water or milk to dilute the acid; do NOT induce vomiting, and consult a physician if gastrointestinal pain occurs.

Workplace Safety, GHS Classification, and Toxicological Profile of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid):
Under European Union CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and UN GHS, pure Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid, CAS 87-69-4, EC 201-766-0) is classified for Serious Eye Damage Category 1 (H318: Causes serious eye damage; Signal Word: Danger; Pictogram: GHS05 Corrosion). Systemic toxicity is very low: rat acute oral LD50 is ~4,360 mg/kg bw (and dermal LD50 in rats > 2,000 mg/kg bw); it is non-sensitizing (OECD 406), non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic, and rapidly metabolized or excreted; EFSA group Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for L-(+)-Tartaric Acid and tartrates (E334–337) is 240 mg/kg bw/day.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Fire-Fighting Measures for Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid):
- Workplace PPE: Operators weighing, dumping, or dissolving pure Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) must wear tightly fitting chemical splash/dust safety goggles (EN 166) or a face shield, impervious nitrile or rubber gloves (EN 374), long-sleeved acid-resistant workwear, and a P2 / N95 dust respirator when handling fine powder grades.

- Materials of Construction for Dissolving Tanks: Aqueous solutions of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) are acidic (pH 1.5–2.5) and corrode unlined carbon steel, cast iron, zinc/galvanized steel, and aluminum; always use AISI 316L / 304 stainless steel, HDPE, polypropylene, PVC, FRP, or glass-lined vessels!
- Fire-Fighting Measures: Combustible organic solid at high temperatures (Flash Point ~210 °C; Auto-ignition temperature ~375–425 °C); avoid high-density airborne fine-powder dust clouds near sparks. Extinguish fires with water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, or CO2.
Commercial Packaging and Transport Logistics for Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid):
- 25 kg net multi-wall kraft paper or woven polypropylene bags with heat-sealed food/pharma-grade polyethylene inner liners (palletized 1,000 kg to 1,250 kg net on shrink-wrapped ISPM-15 pallets)
- 25 kg or 50 kg polyethylene-lined fiber drums (for USP-NF / Ph. Eur. pharmaceutical grades)
- 500 kg to 1,000 kg net PE-lined Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBC / big bags)
Transport Classification: Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is Not Regulated as Dangerous Goods for road (ADR/RID), sea (IMDG), or air (IATA) transport (UN Number: Not Regulated; Hazard Class: None; Packing Group: None; Marine Pollutant: No; Customs HS Code: 2918.12.00).

WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN PURCHASING TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)?

When sourcing Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) from Ataman Kimya for winemaking, food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, gypsum/cement retardation, or metal treatment, procurement and R&D teams should specify six key technical parameters in their Request for Quotation (RFQ):
 Stereoisomeric Form (L-(+)-Tartaric Acid CAS 87-69-4 vs. DL-Tartaric Acid CAS 526-83-0 / 133-37-9): Specify whether your application requires dextrorotatory L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (CAS 87-69-4, mandatory for all food E334, winemaking OIV, beverage, and USP/Ph. Eur. pharmaceutical applications) or whether racemic DL-Tartaric Acid (or L-(+)-Tartaric Acid) is being purchased for industrial gypsum/cement retardation, metal cleaning, or plating.

 Natural Botanical Origin vs. Synthetic/Enzymatic Origin (for Winemakers & Clean-Label Foods): For winemaking in jurisdictions requiring grape-derived natural acidulants (or organic/natural food labels), specify whether 100% Natural Grape-Derived L-(+)-Tartaric Acid or Chemo-Enzymatic L-(+)-Tartaric Acid is desired.

 Regulatory & Compendial Grade Tier: Specify Food / Enological Grade (EU E334 / FCC / OIV, Kosher, Halal), Pharmaceutical Compendial Grade (USP-NF / Ph. Eur. / BP / JP with elemental impurity and endotoxin documentation), Cosmetic Grade (INCI: TARTARIC ACID), or Industrial Construction / Technical Grade.

 Particle Size Granulometry (Granular Crystals vs. Fine Micronized Powder): Specify crystalline granular (e.g., 10–40 mesh or 30–100 mesh for dust-free dissolution in wine, beverages, and plating baths) or fine micronized powder (< 100 mesh / < 150 microns or < 200 mesh / < 75 microns for dry-mix gypsum plasters, cement mortars, baking powders, and effervescent tableting).

 Pure Unconditioned vs. Silica Anti-Caking Conditioned Grade: Clarify whether you require 100% pure unconditioned Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (mandatory for sparkling-clear wines, transparent beverages, and syrup/injectable pharmaceuticals) or a free-flow powder conditioned with 0.2%–0.5% amorphous silica (E551) to prevent silo caking in dry-mix gypsum plaster and powder plants.

 Packaging Format, Order Volume, and Documentation: Specify 25 kg PE-lined bags, 25 kg fiber drums, or 1,000 kg FIBC big bags, spot pallet quantity, annual forecast, and required TDS, 16-section GHS SDS, and batch COA documents.

TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID) SUPPLY FROM ATAMAN KİMYA

Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid)—including L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (CAS No. 87-69-4, EC No. 201-766-0, E334) and DL-Tartaric Acid (CAS No. 526-83-0 / 133-37-9, EC No. 208-395-6 / 205-105-7)—is supplied by Ataman Kimya for enology and winemaking, food and confectionery processing, pharmaceutical effervescent and chiral API manufacturing, dermo-cosmetic AHA formulations, gypsum plaster and cement hydration retardation, and electroless copper PCB plating and metal surface treatment.
Companies planning to source Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (or related tartrate salts such as Potassium Bitartrate Cream of Tartar E336, Potassium Sodium Tartrate Rochelle Salt E337, and complementary organic acids including Citric Acid, Malic Acid, and Lactic Acid) from Ataman Kimya can share their target stereoisomer, grade tier, particle mesh size, and conditioning requirements to confirm stock availability, packaging options, and commercial quotation details.
Sharing the following information in a quotation request for Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) facilitates rapid technical matching by the Ataman Kimya team:
- Target industry and application (winemaking/enology, beverage/confectionery E334, pharmaceutical effervescent/API USP-NF/Ph. Eur., cosmetic AHA, gypsum/cement retarder, or PCB plating/metal cleaning)
- Required stereoisomer (L-(+)-Tartaric Acid CAS 87-69-4 vs. DL-Tartaric Acid CAS 526-83-0) and origin (Natural botanical vs. Enzymatic/Synthetic)
- Required particle size (crystalline granular vs. fine powder < 75–150 microns) and anti-caking silica preference (100% pure unconditioned vs. 0.2%–0.5% silica-conditioned)
- Estimated order quantity (spot pallet shipment and annual consumption forecast) and preferred packaging (25 kg bags, fiber drums, or FIBC big bags)
- Delivery destination, preferred Incoterms, and required technical documentation (TDS, SDS, COA, and Halal/Kosher/Food/Pharma compliance certificates)

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID)

 What is Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) and why does it exist in different stereoisomeric forms?
Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid, molecular formula C4H6O6, MW 150.09 g/mol) is a four-carbon alpha-hydroxy dicarboxylic acid (HOOC-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COOH) containing two chiral carbon centers at C-2 and C-3. Because of these two stereocenters, it exists as naturally occurring dextrorotatory L-(+)-Tartaric Acid ((2R,3R), CAS 87-69-4, optical rotation +12.0° to +12.8°), synthetic racemic DL-Tartaric Acid (an optically inactive 50:50 mixture of (2R,3R) and (2S,3S), CAS 526-83-0 / 133-37-9), unnatural levorotatory D-(-)-Tartaric Acid ((2S,3S), CAS 147-71-7), and achiral Meso-Tartaric Acid.

 Why must winemakers and food/beverage manufacturers use only L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (CAS 87-69-4, E334) and never DL-Tartaric Acid?
First, European Union food law (Regulation EU No 231/2012 for E334), OIV winemaking regulations, and USP-NF / Ph. Eur. pharmacopeias authorize ONLY the natural L-(+)-stereoisomer (CAS 87-69-4) for human consumption. Second, in wine and fruit juices containing calcium ions, the D-(-)-isomer present in racemic DL-Tartaric Acid combines with L-(+)-tartrate and calcium to precipitate highly insoluble Calcium DL-Racemate crystals (8 times less soluble than Calcium L-(+)-Tartrate), causing an irreversible crystalline haze in bottled wine!

 Why is L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) preferred over Citric Acid and Malic Acid in winemaking?
Unlike Citric Acid (which is fermented by lactic acid bacteria into buttery diacetyl and volatile acetic acid / vinegar taint, and is restricted to <= 1.0 g/L in EU wines) or Malic Acid (which is converted into softer lactic acid during malolactic fermentation), L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is the primary native acid of grapes and is resistant to microbial degradation in wine. Moreover, its strong first dissociation constant (pKa1 = 2.98 vs. 3.40 for malic acid) lowers wine pH efficiently, boosting active molecular SO2 and stabilizing bright red anthocyanin color.

 How does Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) retard the setting of gypsum plasters and Portland cement?
In alkaline gypsum plasters (calcium sulfate hemihydrate containing 0.5%–2.0% hydrated lime at pH 9–12) and cementitious screeds, the two carboxylate (-COO-) and two vicinal hydroxyl (-OH) groups of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) match the interatomic calcium spacing on the fast-growing [111] crystal faces of gypsum dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) and tricalcium aluminate (C3A). Chemisorption of calcium tartrate poisons crystal nucleation and needle growth, extending working time predictably from 10 minutes out to 60–180 minutes at dosages of just 0.03% to 0.20% w/w.

 Why does gypsum plaster require an alkaline pH (hydrated lime) for Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) to achieve maximum retardation?
In neutral gypsum water (pH 6.5–7.0), only the carboxylic acid groups of Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) are ionized, giving moderate calcium complexation. When 0.5% to 2.0% w/w hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) or cement is present (raising slurry pH to 9.5–12.0), the secondary alpha-hydroxyl groups (-CHOH-) participate in tridentate/tetradentate calcium chelation on the gypsum crystal surface—multiplying the setting-time extension per gram of Tartaric Acid by 4 to 6 times!

 Why do pharmaceutical formulators combine Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) with Citric Acid in effervescent tablets?
When Citric Acid is used alone with sodium bicarbonate in effervescent tablets, it tends to become sticky and plastic during compression and forms a slow-dissolving intermediate salt film. When Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) is used alone, the granules can be slightly crumbly and fizz too violently. Combining L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) and Anhydrous Citric Acid in a 1:1 to 2:1 weight ratio delivers ideal non-sticking tablet compressibility, high tablet hardness, and rapid, sparkling-clear 60-second disintegration.

 Should I order pure unconditioned Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) or a silica-conditioned anti-caking grade?
If your application requires a 100% transparent aqueous solution—such as winemaking, clear bottled beverages, syrups, pharmaceutical solutions, or electroless copper PCB plating—always order 100% pure unconditioned crystalline/granular Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) (since even 0.3% insoluble colloidal silica creates a faint opalescent haze in clear liquids). Conversely, if you are dosing fine powder into dry-mix gypsum plasters, cement mortars, or dry baking powders from silos, order the silica-conditioned fine powder grade to guarantee caking-free flowability.

 How is Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) used in chiral pharmaceutical API synthesis and tartrate drug salts?
Because L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (CAS 87-69-4) and D-(-)-Tartaric Acid (CAS 147-71-7) are inexpensive, optically pure chiral dicarboxylic acids, they react with racemic chiral amine drug intermediates to form diastereomeric salts with different solubilities, allowing straightforward fractional crystallization of the desired single enantiomer. Additionally, L-(+)-Tartaric Acid is used to form stable, water-soluble crystalline API salts such as Metoprolol Tartrate, Zolpidem Tartrate, Brimonidine Tartrate, and Varenicline Tartrate.

 How does Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) function in cosmetics (INCI: TARTARIC ACID) and electroless copper PCB plating?
In cosmetics (at 1% to 10% w/w, pH 3.5–4.0), Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) acts as a gentle, antioxidant Alpha-Hydroxy Acid (AHA) that chelates epidermal calcium to exfoliate dead skin cells and brighten complexion. In alkaline electroless copper plating baths (pH 12.5) for printed circuit boards (PCBs), it complexes Cu2+ ions into a stable soluble royal-blue tartrate chelate, replacing persistent, non-biodegradable EDTA.

 How can wineries, food processors, pharmaceutical plants, and construction formulators source Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) and request COA, TDS, and SDS documents from Ataman Kimya?
Customers can procure Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid, CAS 87-69-4 / 133-37-9 / 526-83-0) across Food/Enological E334, Pharmaceutical USP-NF/Ph. Eur., Cosmetic, and Construction Gypsum-Retarder grades in 25 kg PE-lined bags, fiber drums, or 1,000 kg FIBC big bags—complete with batch-specific Certificates of Analysis (COA), Technical Data Sheets (TDS), and GHS/CLP Safety Data Sheets (SDS)—directly from Ataman Kimya by calling +90 216 577 10 10 or emailing info@atamankimya.com.

TARTARIC ACID (2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID) – TECHNICAL SUMMARY

Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid)—known across global industrial, food, enological, and pharmaceutical commerce as L-(+)-Tartaric Acid, DL-Tartaric Acid, 2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic Acid, E334, Ph. Eur. Acidum tartaricum, INCI TARTARIC ACID, and Tartarik Asit (2,3-Dihidroksibütandioik Asit), and identified under CAS No. 87-69-4 (EC No. 201-766-0 for L-(+)-form) and CAS No. 133-37-9 / 526-83-0 (EC No. 205-105-7 / 208-395-6)—is a high-purity, water-soluble four-carbon alpha-hydroxy dicarboxylic acid with the molecular formula C4H6O6 (HOOC-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COOH) and a molecular weight of 150.09 g/mol. Characterized by two strong carboxylic acid groups (pKa1 = 2.98 and pKa2 = 4.34 at 25 °C) and two adjacent chiral hydroxyl groups (C-2 and C-3), Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) delivers powerful proton-donating acidity, rapid stoichiometric CO2 effervescence with bicarbonates (75.04 g/eq), stereospecific calcium crystal-face poisoning on hydrating gypsum and cement, and biodegradable multivalent metal chelation.

Supplied by Ataman Kimya as colorless translucent crystals, granules, or a snow-white micronized powder (assay 99.5% to 100.5% w/w, specific optical rotation +12.0° to +12.8° for L-(+)-form, melting point 168 to 170 °C for L-(+) and 204 to 206 °C for DL-form, cold-water solubility 1,390 g/L at 20 °C for L-(+), and moisture <= 0.2%–0.5%), Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) serves as the benchmark legal grape must and wine acidulant (E334), a crisp fruit flavor enhancer and sucrose inverter in confectionery and jams, a fast-acting leavening acid and DATEM (E472e) precursor in bakery, an effervescent tablet acid and chiral resolving/salt-forming agent in USP-NF / Ph. Eur. pharmaceuticals, an AHA skin exfoliant in dermo-cosmetics, a precision setting retarder in gypsum plasters and ternary cement screeds, and an EDTA-free copper chelator in PCB electroless plating.

For technical grade and stereoisomer selection (L-(+) vs. DL, natural vs. synthetic, granular vs. fine silica-conditioned powder), current warehouse stock availability, Technical Data Sheet (TDS), Safety Data Sheet (SDS), and batch Certificate of Analysis (COA) documentation, or to request a commercial quotation for Tartaric Acid (2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid) tailored to your production process, you can contact Ataman Kimya directly through the communication channels below. Our technical sales team will gladly assist you in matching the optimal Tartaric Acid specification to your formulation requirements.

Ataman Chemicals
Phone: +90 216 577 10 10
Email: info@atamankimya.com