TARTRAZINE

Tartrazine is used in water-based cosmetic formulations to achieve aesthetically appealing colours, such as in soaps, creams, and other personal care products.
Tartrazine is also utilized in cleaning products and the textile industry.
Tartrazine is extensively used as a colorant in the food industry, where it imparts a bright yellow hue to products such as soft drinks, candies, desserts, sauces, cereals, and snack foods.

CAS Number: 1934-21-0
EC Number: 217-699-5
E number: E102 (colours)
Molecular Formula: C₁₆H₉N₄Na₃O₉S₂
Molecular Weight: 534.36 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
Tartrazine, FD&C Yellow No. 5, E102, Acid Yellow 23, Food Yellow 4, CI 19140, Trisodium 5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)azo]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, Yellow 5 Lake, INS 102, Trisodium 5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(E)-(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, FD&C Yellow 5, Tartrazine, 1934-21-0, Acid yellow 23, Yellow 5, Aizen tartrazine, Food Yellow 4, Tartraphenine, Tartran Yellow, Amacid Yellow T, Cilefa Yellow T, 1342-47-8, FD&C Yellow No. 5, A.F. Yellow No. 4, FD & C Yellow no. 5, C.I. 19140, Tartrazine FD&C Yellow #5, Atul Tartrazine, Erio Tartrazine, Kako Tartrazine, Tartrazine Lake, Tartrazine B, Tartrazine C, Tartrazine G, Tartrazine M, Tartrazine N, Tartrazine O, Tartrazine T, HD Tartrazine, Hydrazine Yellow, Lake Yellow, Sugai Tartrazine, Tartrazine FQ, Tartrazine NS, Tartrazine XX, Tartrazol Yellow, Tartrazine XXX, Tartrazine MCGL, Tartrazol BPC, Dye Yellow Lake, Fenazo Yellow T, Kayaku Tartrazine, Mitsui Tartrazine, Oxanal Yellow T, Tartar Yellow N, Tartar Yellow S, Tartrazine Yellow, Kiton Yellow T, Lemon Yellow A, Acid Yellow T, Bucacid tartrazine, Dolkwal tartrazine, Hexacol Tartrazine, Hidazid Tartrazine, Acilan Yellow GG, Egg Yellow A, San-ei Tartrazine, Tartar Yellow FS, Tartar Yellow PF, Airedale Yellow T, Canacert tartrazine, Food Yellow 5, Neklacid Yellow T, Tartrine Yellow O, Eurocert Tartrazine, Vondacid Tartrazine, Hydroxine Yellow L, Tartrazine C Extra, Calcocid Yellow XX, KCA Tartrazine PF, Yellow Lake 69, MFCD00148908, Naphtocard Yellow O, Tartrazine A Export, HD Tartrazine Supra, Calcocid Yellow MCG, Tartrazine Yellow 5, Yellow No. 5, Tartrazine A expo T, Tartrazine B.P.C., D&C Yellow 5, Food Yellow No. 4, Lemon Yellow A Geigy, Schultz No. 737, Maple Tartrazol Yellow, Acid Leather Yellow T, C.I. 640, CI 19140, Unitertracid Yellow TE, Yellow No. 5 FDC, Curon Fast Yellow 5G, FD And C Yellow 5, 1310 Yellow, 1409 Yellow, Xylene Fast Yellow GT, Hispacid Fast Yellow T, Usacert Yellow No. 5, C.I. Food Yellow 4, Hexacert Yellow No. 5, trisodium 5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl-4H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, CHEBI:9405, FD&G Yellow No. 5, Tartrazine Extra Pure A, L Yellow Z 1020, Tartrazine Lake Yellow N, Edicol Supra Tartrazine N, D and C Yellow No. 5, KCA Foodcol Tartrazine PF, Certicol Tartrazol Yellow S, Tartrazine O Specially Pure, Tartrazine XX Specially Pure, trisodium, 5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-4H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, Dye FD and C Yellow No. 5, 1H-Pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid,4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-4-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-, trisodiumsalt, Sodium 5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-((4-sulfononatophenyl)diazenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, Tartrazine FD & C Yellow #5, E102, Kayaku Food Colour Yellow No. 4, C.I. Acid Yellow 23, trisodium salt, m-8847, Acid Yellow 23 Aluminium lake, NSC4760, Zlut kysela 23, 4,5-Dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-4-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, trisodium salt, Trisodium 5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(E)-(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, Zlut potravinarska 4, 3-Carboxy-5-hydroxy-1-p-sulfophenyl-4-p-sulfophenylazopyrazole trisodium salt, L-Gelb 2, L-Gelb 2 [German], Zlut kysela 23 [Czech], UNII-I753WB2F1M, trisodium salt, Zlut potravinarska 4 [Czech], tri sodium salt, CCRIS 2656, HSDB 7216, FD & C Yellow No. 5 tartrazine, NSC 4760, Food yellow No.4, EINECS 217-699-5, Tartrazine 0.5 mg/mL, E 102, Epitope ID:124945, SCHEMBL41561, SCHEMBL41562, Tartrazine, analytical standard, orb1297195, orb1986052, orb3025054, Tartrazine 0.5 mg/mL in Water, MSK2420, Tartrazine, p.a., 95-105%, Tartrazine, Dye content >=85 %, Trisodium salt of 3-carboxy-5-hydroxy-1-sulfophenylazopyrazole, Tartrazine, for microscopy (Hist.), 1-(4-Sulfophenyl)-4-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic, AKOS015903034, AKOS016010270, Trisodium 3-carboxy-5-hydroxy-1-p-sulfophenyl-4-p-sulfophenylazopyrazole, FT28005, Trisodium 5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulphophenyl)-4-(4-sulphophenylazo)pyrazole-3-carboxylate, 1H-Pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-4-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt, BP-31013, DA-78203, Trisodium 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-4-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, Trisodium 5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(E)-(4-sulfonatophenyl)d iazenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, Y-4, C.I. Acid Yellow 23, trisodium salt (VAN), C07574, D90635, F540177, Q407158, 5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-4-[(E)-(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-4H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, trisodium, 5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenyl)azo-4H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, 1H-Pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-4-(2-(4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl)-, sodium salt (1:3), 4,5-Dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-4-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid trisodium salt, Pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, 5-hydroxy-1-(p-sulfophenyl)-4-(p-sulfophenyl)azo-, trisodium salt, sodium (E)-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-((4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, CI 19140, YELLOW 5, ACID YELLOW 23, E102, LAKE TARTRAZINE, Yellow 100, HYDRAZINE YELLOW, Tartrazine (E102), Tartrazine Yellow 5, Edible Lemon Yellow, yellow 1409 yellow, A.f. yellow no.4, Acid leather yellow t, Acilan yellow gg, Airedale yellow t, Aizen tartrazine, Amacid yellow t-ex, Atul tatrazine, Ayellow t, Biovital, C.i. 19140, C.i. acid yellow 23, C.i. food yellow 4, Calcocid yellow mcg, Calcocid yellow xx, Cancert tartrazine, Certecol tartrazol yellow s, Cilefa yellow t, Curon, Dolkwal tartrazine, Edicol supra tartrazine n, Egg yellow a, Erio tartrazine, Eurocert tartrazine, Fast yellow 5g, Fd and c yellow no. 5, Fenazo yellow t 4, Food yellow no. 4, Galinid, Hd tartrazine supra, Hexacert yellow no 5, Hexacol tartrazine, Hispacid fast yellow t, Hydroxine yellow l, Japan yellow no. 4, Jaun tartrique, Kako tartrazine, Kayaku food colour yellow no. 4, Kayaku tartrazine, Kca foodcol tartrazine pf, Kca tartrazine pf, L yellow z 1020, Lemon yellow a geigy, Maple tartrazol yellow, Mitsui tartrazine, Naphtocard yelow o, Neklacid yellow t, Oxanal yellow t, San ei tartrazine, Sugai tartrazine, Tartar yellow fs, Tartar yellow n, Tartar yellow pf, Tartar yellow s, Tartran yellow, Tartrayellow, Tartrazine a export, Tartrazine b.p.c., Tartrazine extra pure a, Tartrazine fq, Tartrazine g, Tartrazine lake yellow n, Tartrazine mcgl, Tartrazine ns, Tartrazine t, Tartrazine xx especially pure, Tartrazine xxx, Tartrazine yellow, Tartrazol bpc, Tartrine yellow o, Unitertracid yellow te, Usacert yellow no 5, Vondacid tartrazine, Xylene fast yellow gt, Yellow lake 69, Acid Yellow 23

Tartrazine is a synthetic dye with an intense yellow colour, identified under the E-number E 102.
Tartrazine yellow food colouring is available as a highly concentrated powder, perfect for precise application in various formulations.
Tartrazine (Acid Yellow 23; FD&C Yellow No. 5) is an orally active azo acid dye, orange-yellow powder, soluble in water and turns yellow.

Tartrazine is mainly used as a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye for food coloring.
Tartrazine is the most stable colorant.
Tartrazine induces mitochondria-mediated Apoptosis.

The importance of color in the food industry is undeniable.
Color, being one of the first things people see, significantly influences how consumers perceive food.
This is where artificial dyes like Tartrazine (E102) - Water-Based Powder Food Coloring Yellow come into play.

With its vibrant and eye-catching yellow hue, Tartrazine makes food more appealing and often plays an appetizing role.
However, alongside the allure of color, the effects of these dyes on food safety must also be considered.
Tartrazine (E102) is a water-based powdered food coloring, yellow , enhances the visual appearance of food.

Color influences a consumer's interest in food.
Tartrazine may cause some allergic reactions.
Tartrazine should be used carefully for food safety reasons.

Tartrazine’s chemical properties, however, make it much more significant than a safe, readily available dye.
Tartrazine has sharp absorption resonances in the near-UV spectrum (300–400 nm) and the blue region of the visible spectrum (400–500 nm).

Well, tartrazine is a bright yellow pigment that is used in many foods as a colouring.
As well as making food and drinks yellow, Tartrazinecan be mixed with other pigments to make a variety of colours, such as green, pink, orange, etc.

As such, Tartrazine is probably the most widely used food colouring in the world.
Tartrazine, also known as FD&C Yellow No. 5, is a synthetic food coloring commonly used in a wide range of processed foods, beverages, and pharmaceutical products.

Tartrazine is principally the trisodium salt of 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-l-(4-sulfophenyl)-4-[4-sulfophenyl-azo]-lH- pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid.
Tartrazine is a yellow-orange powder that dissolves in water to give a solution golden yellow at neutrality and in acid.
When dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid, Tartrazine yields an orange-yellow solution that turns yellow when diluted with water.

Tartrazine is a deep yellow powder
Tartrazine (FD&C Yellow #5) is a colorant.
Tartrazine has good stability to changes in pH, showing no appreciable change at pH 3–8.

Tartrazine has excellent solubility in water with a solubility of 20 g in 100 ml at 25°c.
Tartrazine has good stability to light and heat, fair stability to oxidation, and shows no appreciable change in 10% sugar systems.
Tartrazine is an organic sodium salt, which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid.

Tartrazine is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring.
Tartrazine is a food additive (E102) that gives foods a yellow colour.
Tartrazine is the second most widely used food coloring agent.

Tartrazine is added to a broad range of foods such as soft drinks, chips, pudding, honey, pickles, gum, mustard, gelatin, and baked goods.
Tartrazine is a bright yellow azo dye that is more stable and a cheaper alternative to natural food dyes.
Tartrazine is known by other names such as FD&C Yellow No. 5 and E 102 Europe.

Tartrazine, commonly known as FD&C Yellow 5 in the United States, and E102 in the European Union, is a bright yellow azo dye that is one of the most common yellow food colorants.
A lemon-yellow dye with a chameleon-like ability to morph into shades from yellow to orange, Tartrazine is a silent symphony of color in our food, beverages, and pharmaceutical products.

Tartrazine (otherwise known as E102 or FD&C Yellow 5) is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food coloring.
Tartrazine is derived from coal tar.
Tartrazine is water soluble and has a max absorbance in an aqueous solution at 427±2 nm.

Tartrazine is an artificial synthetic food dye found in food, drink, cosmetics and even medicinal products.
Tartrazine is an ingredient that is lemon yellow and it can be mixed with blue colouring to make different shades of green.
Tartrazine is also labelled food additive E102 and it may appear on food labels with either one of these two names.

Tartrazine is an anionic, hydrophilic azo dye with an orange-yellow colour.
Tartrazine is an anionic, hydrophilic azo dye with an orange-yellow colour which is used in fabrics, foods and cosmetics, and also as a histological stain.

Tartrazine can be employed as a biological stain and a food colorant.
Tartrazine is soluble in water 260 g/L (30°C).
Tartrazine is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye primarily used as a food coloring.

Tartrazine is also known as E number E102, C.I. 19140, FD&C Yellow 5, Yellow 5 Lake, Acid Yellow 23, Food Yellow 4, and trisodium 1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-5-pyrazolone-3-carboxylate.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TARTRAZINE:
Food Products: Typical uses for Tartrazine include soft drinks, doughs, puddings, jellies, soups, and sauces.
Cosmetic Industry: Tartrazine is used in water-based cosmetic formulations to achieve aesthetically appealing colours, such as in soaps, creams, and other personal care products.

Technical Applications: Tartrazine is also utilized in cleaning products and the textile industry.
When Tartrazine is used in food, maximum allowable quantities must be observed.
Considering the uses of tartrazine, the price and specifications of Tartrazine (E102) - Water-Based Powder Food Coloring Yellow are attracting consumer attention.

Tartrazine is extensively used as a colorant in the food industry, where it imparts a bright yellow hue to products such as soft drinks, candies, desserts, sauces, cereals, and snack foods.
Tartrazine is also commonly found in pharmaceutical formulations, including tablets, capsules, and syrups, where it improves product appearance and helps with identification.

In cosmetics, Tartrazine is used in products like shampoos, lotions, and makeup to provide coloration.
Beyond consumer products, tartrazine is used in laboratory staining techniques and sometimes in textile applications, although its primary use remains in regulated consumable goods.

Its strong coloring ability and cost-effectiveness make Tartrazine one of the most widely used synthetic dyes globally.
From a functional perspective, tartrazine enhances visual appeal, ensures batch consistency, and supports brand recognition in commercial products.

Its high solubility and stability make Tartrazine easy to incorporate into formulations without significantly altering the chemical properties of the final product.
Tartrazine is a widely used synthetic azo dye, primarily recognized for its bright lemon-yellow color.

Tartrazine is commonly applied in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
Tartrazine (E102 or FD&C Yellow 5) is a widely used synthetic lemon-yellow azo dye found in processed foods, drugs, and cosmetics.
Tartrazine provides a lemon-yellow color and can be used in drugs, cosmetics, and foods, including dietary supplements, beverages, frozen treats, powder mixes, gelatin products, candies, icings, jellies, spices, dressings, sauces, baked goods and dairy products.

Tartrazine came into being in the late 19th century.
Swiss dye chemist Johann Heinrich Ziegler at Bindschedler'sche Fabrik für Chemische Industrie (Basel) developed the yellow azo dye in 1884 and published his results in 1887.

By the 1890s, the process was being used for fabric dye and food coloring.
Today, tartrazine is known by several names throughout the world (e.g., FD&C Yellow 5, E102, Acid Yellow 23).
Tartrazine is used in foods, cosmetics, and paints.

As well as making food and drinks yellow, Tartrazinecan be mixed with other pigments to make a variety of colours, such as green, pink, orange, etc.
As such, Tartrazine is probably the most widely used food colouring in the world.

Other products, such as household cleaning products, paper plates, pet foods, crayons, inks for writing instruments, stamp dyes, face paints, envelope glues, and deodorants, may also contain tartrazine.
Tartrazine has a lemon-yellow hue and has good tinctorial strength.

Tartrazine has moderate compatibility with food components and is used in beverages, baked goods, pet foods, desserts, candy, confections, cereal, and ice cream.
Tartrazine is used as a dye for wool and silks; as colorant in food, drugs, and cosmetics.

In biochemistry as an adsorption-elution indicator for chloride estimations.
Tartrazine (otherwise known as E number E102, C.I. 19140, or FD&C Yellow 5) is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food coloring.
Tartrazine appears to cause the most allergic and intolerance reactions of all the azo dyes, particularly among asthmatics and those with an aspirin intolerance.

Tartrazine is used as a dye for wool and silks; as colorant in food, drugs and cosmetics.
In biochemistry, Tartrazine is used as an adsorption-elution indicator for chloride estimations.
Tartrazine is regularly used in desserts (e.g., dessert powders, puddings, custards, gelatin, ice cream), candy, preserves, beverages (including carbonated soda beverages and flavored drink powders), prepared meats, and canned and frozen vegetables.

Tartrazine is also used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
The liqueur Galliano uses Tartrazine for its bright yellow colour.
Mushy peas (a UK ‘delicacy’ that often accompanies fish and chips) are bright green as a result of a mixture of tartrazine and another colouring agent (Brilliant Blue FCF, E133).

The drink Mountain Dew also contains it, as do many breakfast cereals, such as Life Quaker Oats, processed cheese, pasta, sweets and candies, jams, jellies, mustard, and even bread.
Tartrazine is also found in cosmetics such as lipsticks, toothpaste, mouthwash, shampoos and detergents, and many other common products.

Even some medications, such as vitamin pills, throat lozenges, and indigestion tablets may contain tartrazine to give their coatings distinctive, easily identifiable colours.
Tartrazine is also found in some cosmetics and personal care products such as liquid soaps, lotions, hand sanitizer, perfumes, nail polish, and shampoos.

Several medications contain tartrazine, which renders a yellow or orange hue to them.
Tartrazine is usually added to antacids, vitamins, cough syrups, and lotions.
Tartrazine is also used in other products such as inks, crayons, stamp dyes, and glues.

Tartrazine is used for yellow, but can also be used with E133 Brilliant Blue FCF or E142 Green S to produce various green shades.
Tartrazine is a commonly used coloring agent all over the world, mainly for yellow, and can also be used with brilliant blue FCF (FD&C Blue 1, E133) or green S (E142) to produce various green shades.

Tartrazine is a very commonly used color in Africa and Sweden.
Tartrazine serves as a dye for wool and silks, a colorant in food, drugs and cosmetics and an adsorption-elution indicator for chloride estimations in biochemistry.

-Applications of Tartrazine in the Food Industry:
In the food industry, Tartrazine (E102) , known as a food coloring , is widely used, particularly to enhance the visual appeal of foods.
This water-based powdered food coloring, Tartrazine, is frequently preferred in products such as beverages, desserts, and confectionery.

-Personal care and cosmetics products use of Tartrazine:
A number of personal care and cosmetics products may contain tartrazine, usually labelled as CI 19140 or FD&C Yellow 5, including:
*Liquid and bar soaps, green hand sanitizer, moisturizers and lotions, mouth washes, perfumes, toothpastes, and shampoos, conditioners and other hair products.

*Cosmetics, such as eyeshadow, blush, face powder and foundation, lipstick, etc. – even those that are primarily pink or purple.
Usually make-up manufacturers use one label for all shades in a product line, placing the phrase "may contain" ahead of all colors that are used in that line, not necessarily that specific shade.
*Nail polish, nail polish remover, temporary tattoos, and tanning lotions.

-Medications use of Tartrazine:
Various medications include tartrazine to give a yellow, orange or green hue to a liquid, capsule, pill, lotion, or gel, primarily for easy identification.
Types of pharmaceutical products that may contain tartrazine include vitamins, antacids, cold medications (including cough drops and throat lozenges), lotions and prescription drugs.
Most, if not all, medication data sheets are required to contain a list of all ingredients, including tartrazine.
Some include tartrazine in the allergens alert section.

PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS of TARTRAZINE:
Yellow.
Tartrazine is soluble in water for yellow, slightly soluble in ethanol and soluble fiber.
Tartrazine is insoluble in other organic solvents.

The strong sulfuric acid for yellow, yellow solution diluted.
In nitric acid solution for yellow.
Tartrazine's water solution with hydrochloric acid discoloration.

Add sodium hydroxide is red light deepened.
Tartrazine is used for wool, silk, vinegar, polyamide fiber dyeing and printing directly.
The Barium salt also used for paper, leather, soap, drug, plastic, aluminium surface shading, can also be used in cosmetics and food coloring.

Tartrazine is an organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid.
Tartrazine is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring.

Tartrazine is a sulfonic dye, which can be synthesized by the reaction of sulfanilic acid with 3-carboxy-l-(4-sulfophenyl)-5-pyrazolone.
Tartrazine finds applications in food, cosmetics and drug industry.

PRODUCTS CONTAINING TARTRAZINE:
***Foods
Many foods contain tartrazine in various proportions, depending on the manufacturer or person preparing the food.
When in food, tartrazine is typically labelled as "color", "tartrazine", or "E102", depending on the jurisdiction, and the applicable labeling laws.

Products containing tartrazine commonly include processed commercial foods that have an artificial yellow or green color, or that consumers expect to be brown or creamy looking.
Tartrazine has been frequently used in the bright yellow coloring of imitation lemon filling in baked goods.
The following is a list of foods that may contain tartrazine:

***Desserts and confectionery: 
ice cream, ice pops and popsicles, confectionery and hard candy (such as gummy bears, marshmallows, etc.), cotton candy, instant puddings and gelatin, cake mixes, pastries, custard powder, marzipan, biscuits, and cookies.

***Beverages: 
soft drinks, energy and sports drinks, powdered drink mixes, fruit cordials, and flavored/mixed alcoholic beverages.

***Snacks:
flavored corn chips (such as nachos, etc.), chewing gum, popcorn (both microwave and cinema-popped), and potato chips.

***Condiments and spreads: 
jam, jelly (including mint jelly), marmalade, mustard, horseradish, pickles (and other products containing pickles such as tartar sauce and dill pickle dip), and processed sauces.

***Other processed foods: 
cereal (such as corn flakes, muesli, etc.), instant or "cube" soups, rices (like paella, risotto, etc.), noodles, pureed fruit and pickled peppers, bright-green-colored seaweed salad.

CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES of TARTRAZINE:
Tartrazine is characterized by its high tinctorial strength, meaning it produces an intense color even at low concentrations.
Tartrazine contains azo groups (–N=N–), which are responsible for its chromophoric properties, and sulfonate groups that enhance water solubility.
This combination makes Tartrazine particularly effective for aqueous systems such as beverages and syrups.

Tartrazine exhibits good stability under heat and light in controlled environments, although prolonged exposure to UV radiation may lead to gradual degradation.
Tartrazine's ionic nature allows it to bind well to proteins and other substrates, which is useful in food and pharmaceutical formulations.
Tartrazine is also compatible with a wide range of pH conditions, making it versatile across different industrial applications.

UNRAVELLING THE MAGIC OF TARTRAZINE:
Tartrazine, in essence, is a lemon-yellow dye that primarily lends its vibrant hues to the food we consume.
However, Tartrazine's abilities extend far beyond just the culinary world.
As versatile as it is vibrant, Tartrazine offers a spectrum of shades from yellow to orange depending upon its application, making it a go-to choice for a variety of industries.

One of the standout properties of Tartrazine that amplifies its usability is its solubility in water.
This characteristic makes Tartrazine easy to blend into various mediums, whether it’s a liquid beverage, a creamy dessert, or a confectionery delight.
Tartrazine seamlessly dissolves, leaving behind an appealing color without altering the texture of the product.
So, in the world of colorants, Tartrazine truly stands out offering a blend of versatility, vibrancy, and solubility that is hard to find elsewhere.

BENEFITS of TARTRAZINE:
Tartrazine offers several practical benefits, including strong color intensity, low cost, and excellent water solubility.
Tartrazine is highly efficient, meaning only small quantities are needed to achieve the desired coloration.
Tartrazine is also widely approved by regulatory agencies (with limits), making it a standardized additive in many industries.
Tartrazine's chemical stability under normal processing conditions ensures consistent product quality.

USAGE of TARTRAZINE:
Tartrazine can be directly added to doughs, beverages, or water-based cosmetic preparations.
If needed, Tartrazine can be diluted in distilled water to create a solution.
A 1% solution is sufficient to colour pasta doughs or icing.
20 g is enough for 2 litres, and 1 kg for 100 litres of a 1% solution.

1 g dye + 99 ml water = 100 ml 1% solution.
10 g dye + 990 ml water = 1 litre 1% solution.
Tartrazine can be combined with E 133 to create a green colour.

PREPARATION of TARTRAZINE:
Tartrazine can be prepared in a multiple step procedure starting with sulfanilic acid and sodium diethyl oxaloacetate.
In a world bursting with color, we often take for granted the vibrancy that color hues add to our everyday life.
One such colorant that often flies under the radar, yet is a regular part of our daily visual experiences, is Tartrazine.

ADVANTAGES of TARTRAZINE:
Tartrazine stands out for its colour-fast properties, even when exposed to light and high temperatures.
Tartrazine delivers vibrant yellow tones, particularly striking in light and transparent applications.
Tartrazine is easy to dose, ensuring consistent and brilliant results.

CHEMISTRY of TARTRAZINE:
Tartrazine is water-soluble and has a maximum absorbance in an aqueous solution at 425 nm.
Tartrazine is one of the oldest known members of the pyrazolone family of dyes.
Tartrazine is an organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid.

Tartrazine is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring.
Tartrazine has a role as a histological dye and a food colouring.
Tartrazine contains a tartrazine(3-).

Tartrazine is a monoazo dye that occurs as a yellow-orange powder or granules.
Tartrazine is principally the trisodium salt of 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl) -4- [4-sulfophenyl-azo] -1H-pyrazole -3-carboxylic acid and may be converted to the corresponding aluminum lake.

PROPERTIES of TARTRAZINE:
Tartrazine (E102), with its bright yellow color, stands out in many products.
Tartrazine's uses include frozen foods, ready-made sauces, and confectionery.
However, there are debates about the safety of Tartrazine (E102) .
While some countries strictly regulate the use of Tartrazine, others have more lenient regulations.
Therefore, food manufacturers are obligated to clearly indicate the presence of Tartrazine on product labels.

PROPERTIES of TARTRAZINE:
Chemical
Tartrazine is highly soluble in water as the trisodium salt, though the free acid is very insoluble in water.

Physical
Tartrazine is an odorless yellow solid compound, soluble in water and glycols.
Some sources claim Tartrazine's color is either yellow-orange or (dark) orange, even red, though this is most likely from air oxidation or other impurities.
Tartrazine's maximum absorbance in aqueous solution is 425 nm.

Availability
While tartrazine is present in a wide variety of foods, including being the sole colorant of many brands of pickles and Lemon-Lime flavored Gatorade, the amounts that Tartrazine is used in are so small that it is not worth isolating from these sources.
Readily available yellow food coloring will often contain tartrazine, though it will usually be mixed with Sunset Yellow FCF (FD&C Yellow 6).
These two dyes exhibit similar chemical properties, and thus would be difficult to separate, though Tartrazine may be possible to do so by careful pH adjustment.

TARTRAZINE'S COLOR-CHANGING PROPERTIES AND ROLE IN FOODS
Tartrazine , known by the code E102, is a food coloring.
Tartrazine is commonly used as a water-based powder food coloring.
Tartrazine plays an important role in increasing the intensity of color and providing a visually appealing appearance in foods.

Tartrazine is particularly popular in beverages and desserts.
Tartrazine's color-changing properties vary at different pH levels.
For example, it produces a vibrant yellow hue in acidic environments, while it takes on a paler appearance under alkaline conditions.
This is why Tartrazine's used in the food industry to make products more appealing.

WHERE IS TARTRAZINE FOUND?
Tartrazine is a dye.
Tartrazine is found in confectionery, cotton candy, soft drinks, instant puddings, flavored chips (Doritos, Nachos), cereals (corn flakes, muesli), cake mixes, pastries, custard powder, soups (particularly instant or "cube" soups), sauces, some rices (paella, risotto, etc.), Kool-Aid, Mountain Dew, Gatorade, ice cream, ice pops, candy, chewing gum, marzipan, jam, jelly, gelatins, marmalade, mustard, horseradish, yogurt, noodles, pickles and other pickled products, certain brands of fruit squash, fruit cordial, chips, biscuits, and many convenience foods together with glycerin, lemon, and honey products.
Tartrazine is also found in soaps, cosmetics, shampoos and other hair products, moisturizers, crayons, and stamp dyes.
The pharmaceutical industry uses Tartrazine in vitamins, antacids, and prescription drugs.

HISTORY of TARTRAZINE:
Tartrazine was discovered in 1890 by Swiss chemist Johann Heinrich Ziegler, who developed the yellow azo dye in the laboratories of the Bindschedler'sche Fabrik für chemische Industrie in Basel (CIBA).
This was patented and produced in Germany by BASF in 1885 (DRP 34294).

The process was first presented in 1887 in Chemische Berichte, the journal of the German Chemical Society.
Although the structure proposed by Ziegler was not confirmed, he was able to develop an alternative synthesis of tartrazine based on the idea that a hydrazone is the tautomeric form of an azo compound (azo-hydrazo tautomerism).
This production process was patented in 1893 (British Patent 5693).

 
PREPARATION of TARTRAZINE:
Commonly known Tartrazine.
(a) 4-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid diazo, and 5-Oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid coupled.
(b) 2 Moore 4-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid and dioxide 5 diacid reaction.

PRODUCTION of TARTRAZINE:
Tartrazine is made by azo coupling of sulfanilic acid–based diazonium salts with a sulfonated pyrazolone derivative.

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES of TARTRAZINE:
Tartrazine, commonly known as E102, is a water-based powdered food coloring.
Tartrazine's distinctive yellow color makes it particularly associated with the food industry.
Tartrazine is used in numerous foods, beverages, and some pharmaceuticals.

Its molecular structure places Tartrazine in the azo dye class, where two nitrogen atoms bond together, which is crucial for achieving the desired color.
Tartrazine has a wide range of properties.
Considering its areas of use, we can say the following:

Good solubility: 
Tartrazine dissolves easily in water; this property makes it ideal for food products.

Stability: 
The absence of color loss during long-term storage makes Tartrazine a preferred choice in the food industry.

Price advantage: 
Its affordable price is making tartrazine more widely used.

PRODUCTS CONTAINING TARTRAZINE:
*Foods
The foods in the following list may contain Tartrazine or not, depending on the manufacturer or the cook in charge.
However, for several decades (since the 1950s) they have been known to frequently have various proportions of Tartrazine.
Nowadays the trend is to avoid its addition, or to substitute Tartrazine for natural dying substances, like anatto, malt color, or betacarotene.

Confectionery, soft drinks, instant puddings, flavored chips (Doritos, Nachos, etc), cereals (corn flakes, muesli, etc.), cake mixes, pastries, custard powder, soups (particularly instant or "cube" soups), sauces, some rices (like paella, risotto, etc.), kool-aid, ice cream, ice lollies, candy, chewing gum, marzipan, jam, jelly, gelatins, marmalade, mustard, horseradish, yogurt, noodles, pickles and other pickled products, certain brands of fruit squash, fruit cordial, chips, tim tams, and many convenience foods together with glycerin, lemon and honey products.

*Non-food products
Soaps, cosmetics, shampoos and other hair products, moisturizers, crayons and stamp dyes.

*Medications
Vitamins, antacids, medicinal capsules and certain prescription drugs.

NOTES of TARTRAZINE:
Tartrazine is hygroscopic.
Store Tartrazine away from oxidizing agents.
Keep Tartrazine the container tightly closed in a cool, dry place.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TARTRAZINE:
CAS Number: 1934-21-0
EC Number: 217-699-5
Molecular Formula: C₁₆H₉N₄Na₃O₉S₂
Molecular Weight: 534.36 g/mol
Appearance: Orange-yellow powder or granules
Color: Bright lemon yellow in solution
Odor: Odorless
Solubility: Highly soluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol

pH (aqueous solution): Typically around 6–9
Stability: Stable under normal conditions; sensitive to light and oxidizing agents
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting
Density: Not well-defined (solid dye mixture form)
Chemical Class: Azo dye (contains –N=N– azo linkage)
Ionic Nature: Anionic (due to sulfonate groups)
UV-Vis Absorption: Strong absorption around ~425 nm

Hygroscopicity: Slightly hygroscopic
Thermal Stability: Decomposes upon strong heating
Reactivity: Can react with strong oxidizers; stable in neutral and mildly acidic/basic conditions
Chemical formula: C16H9N4Na3O9S2
Molar mass: 534.36 g·mol−1
Solubility in water: 20 g/100 mL
Solubility: 18 g/100 mL in glycerol, negligible in ethanol

Molecular Weight: 534.4 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 12
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 533.95040307 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 533.95040307 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 229 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 34

Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 949
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 4
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CBNumber: CB2219301
Molecular Formula: C16H13N4NaO9S2
Molecular Weight: 492.41
MDL Number: MFCD00148908
MOL File: 1934-21-0.mol
Melting point: 300 °C
Boiling point: 909.54℃

Density: 2.121 at 20℃
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Storage temp.: room temp
Solubility: DMSO (Sparingly, Heated), Water (Slightly)
Form: Powder
Colour Index: 19140
Color: Orange
Water Solubility: 260 g/L (30 ºC)

Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,9072
BRN: 69850
Stability: Stable. 
Hygroscopic. 
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Biological Applications: Treating hepatitis, periodontal disease, psoriasis
Major Application: cleaning products; cosmetics; food and beverages; personal care
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: HAIR DYEING; COLORANT

InChIKey: UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K
SMILES: [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=NN(c2ccc(cc2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)C1N=Nc3ccc(cc3)S([O-])(=O)=O
LogP: -1.572 at 20℃
FDA 21 CFR: 74.1705; 74.2705; 74.705; 82.705
Substances Added to Food: FD&C YELLOW NO. 5
EWG's Food Scores: 2-5
FDA UNII: I753WB2F1M
EPA Substance Registry System: Tartrazine (1934-21-0)
UNSPSC Code: 85151701
NACRES: NA.47

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C16H9N4Na3O9S2
CAS Number: 1934-21-0
Molecular Weight: 534.36
UNSPSC Code: 85151701
NACRES: NA.47
PubChem Substance ID: 24899885
EC Number: 217-699-5
MDL number: MFCD00148908
Colour Index Number: 19140

Beilstein/REAXYS Number: 69850
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available

Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity: Viscosity, kinematic: No data available; 
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available

Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: 2,12 at 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 109
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
CAS: 1934-21-0
IUPAC Name: trisodium 5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[2-(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

Molecular Formula: C16H9N4Na3O9S2
InChI Key: UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYNA-K
SMILES: [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C(=O)C1N=NC1=CC=C(C=C1)S([O-])(=O)=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)S([O-])(=O)=O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 534.36
Synonym: tartrazine
Appearance (Color): Orange
Loss on Drying: ≤13.0% (200?C/constant weight)
Assay (unspecified): Dye content >85%
lambda-max (UV-Vis): 425-430nm (in water)
Form: Powder

FIRST AID MEASURES of TARTRAZINE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TARTRAZINE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TARTRAZINE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TARTRAZINE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of TARTRAZINE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TARTRAZINE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available