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Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is considered to have low acute toxicity but may still cause irritation to the skin, eyes, or respiratory tract if handled improperly.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is prepared by hydrogenation of furfural.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is that it is biodegradable and can be derived from renewable resources such as agricultural waste (e.g., corncobs), making it an environmentally friendly choice in green chemistry and sustainable manufacturing processes.
CAS Number: 97-99-4
Molecular Formula: C5H10O2
Molecular Weight: 102.13
EINECS Number: 202-625-6
Synonyms: TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL, 97-99-4, Tetrahydro-2-furanmethanol, 2-Furanmethanol, tetrahydro-, Tetrahydro-2-furanylmethanol, QO Thfa, Furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydro-, Tetrahydro-2-furancarbinol, Tetrahydrofuryl carbinol, Tetrahydro-2-furfuryl alcohol, Tetrahydrofurylalkohol, Tetrahydro-2-furylmethanol, 2-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethanol, Tetrahydrofurfurylalkohol, FEMA No. 3056, NSC 15434, Tetrahydrofurylalkohol [Czech], CCRIS 2923, DTXSID1029128, HSDB 5314, Tetrahydrofurfurylalkohol [Czech], EINECS 202-625-6, BRN 0102723, AI3-00104, XD95821VF9, NSC-15434, DTXCID909128, CHEBI:137944, EC 202-625-6, TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL [MI], TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL [FCC], TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL [FHFI], TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL [HSDB], TETRAHYDROFURYLALKOHOL (CZECH), Tetrahydro2furancarbinol, Tetrahydro2furanmethanol, Tetrahydro2furylmethanol, 2-Hydroxymethyl oxolane, Tetrahydro2furanylmethanol, 2Furanmethanol, tetrahydro, Tetrahydro2furfuryl alcohol, Furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydro, 2(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran, Furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydro-(8CI), TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL [INCI], TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL, (+-)-, 202-625-6, (Tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol, oxolan-2-ylmethanol, THFA, tetrahydro furfuryl alcohol, Tetrahydrofurylmethanol, Oxolan-2-methanol, MFCD00005372, 2-Hydroxymethyl-Tetrahydrofuran, .alpha.-Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, oxolan-2-ylmethan-1-ol, 93842-55-8, TETRAHYDROFURFURYLALCOHOL, CAS-97-99-4, (oxolan-2-yl)methanol, Furanmethanol, tetrahydro-, UNII-XD95821VF9, MFCD03093085, MFCD04972320, [(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methanol, Thfa (van), tetrahydrofuranmethanol, tetrahydrofuran-methanol, tetrahydrofuran--methanol, tetrahydrofuran - methanol, tetrahydrofuran-2-methanol, WLN: T5OTJ B1Q, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl-methanol, SCHEMBL4208, Qo tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, (tetrahydro-2furanyl)methanol, 2-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethanol, SCHEMBL153331, SCHEMBL352112, 2-hydroxymethyl tetrahydrofuran, alpha-Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, SCHEMBL1680047, SCHEMBL3500437, SCHEMBL5271350, SCHEMBL8363532, SCHEMBL8640777, Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, 8CI, CHEMBL2287521, rac-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethanol, SCHEMBL23832318, (RS)-tetrahydrofuran-2-methanol, FEMA 3056, Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, 98%, Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, 99%, (tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-methanol, Tetrahydro-2-furanmethanol; THFA, (R)-(-)-Tetrahydrofurfurylalcohol, rac-2-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydrofuran, NSC15434, Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, >=98%, Tox21_201324, Tox21_303393, SBB058567, STL280495, AKOS000118902, AKOS016352940, CS-W004058, FT14753, SB44757, SB44818, NCGC00249026-01, NCGC00257256-01, NCGC00258876-01, SY106537, SY227666, DB-016193, NS00001853, ST51028404, T0106, TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL, (+/-)-, EN300-19349, Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, analytical standard, D77646, Q2406741, F0001-0790,TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL FCC;tetrahydro-2-furylmethanol tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol;Tetrahydrofurfruyl Alcohol;2-Hydroxymethyl oxolane;2-Oxolanemethanol;Oxolane-2-methanol;Tetrahydrofuran-2-methanol;Tetrahydrofurfuryl a
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is an organic compound with the formula HOCH2C4H7O.
In terms of its structure, it consists of a tetrahydrofuran ring substituted in the 2-position with a hydroxymethyl group.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is a colorless liquid that is used as a specialty solvent and synthetic intermediate, e.g. to 3,4-dihydropyran.
Because of its chemical properties and relatively low toxicity compared to some other solvents, Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is often considered a safer alternative in industrial and laboratory settings, although proper handling is still essential.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is an organic compound that belongs to the family of furan derivatives, specifically derived from furfuryl alcohol through hydrogenation, which saturates the furan ring and converts it into a more chemically stable tetrahydrofuran ring.
Its molecular structure contains a five-membered ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom, and it has a hydroxymethyl group (-CH₂OH) attached to the second carbon of the ring, giving it the chemical name 2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran.
While it is not classified as a carcinogen or mutagen, it should be used with appropriate protective equipment and ventilation, especially in industrial settings.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is readily biodegradable in the environment, making it a more sustainable and less harmful alternative to traditional petroleum-based solvents like toluene or xylene.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is commonly used as a solvent due to its good solvency power, low volatility, and compatibility with both water and a wide range of organic compounds.
This makes it particularly useful in applications such as coatings, resins, inks, cleaning agents, and agrochemical formulations.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is also used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and fine chemicals, thanks to its hydroxyl group which can participate in further chemical reactions.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is a colorless to light yellow hygroscopic liquid that has a faint, warm, oily, caramellic odor with a coffee and nut-like flavor at very low levels (0.03 to 1 ppm).
Miscible with water, ethanol, ether, acetone, chloroform and benzene, insoluble in paraffin hydrocarbons.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol has an extensive history of use as a highly versatile, high purity solvent.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is used in agrochemical formulations, cleaning products, metal-working fluids and coating/paint stripper formulations.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is biodegradable and water-soluble and does have a low vapor pressure and has excellent solvable properties.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is also used as a chemical intermediate in industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is an organic compound that appears as a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild, pleasant odor, and it belongs to the class of primary alcohols.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohols chemical formula is C₅H₁₀O₂, and it is structurally derived from furfuryl alcohol by hydrogenating the furan ring into a tetrahydrofuran ring, making it more stable and less reactive under certain conditions.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is a biomass-based solvent produced via catalytic hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol.
Melting point: -80 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 178 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.054 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 3.52 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 2.3 mm Hg (39 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.452 (lit.)
FEMA: 3056 | TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL
Flash point: 183 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: acetone: miscible (lit.)
Form: Liquid
pKa: 14.44±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Clear
Odor: at 100.00 %. vegetable cauliflower faint warm oily caramel
Odor Type: vegetable
Biological source: synthetic
Explosive limit: 1.5–9.7% (V)
Water solubility: soluble
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,9213
JECFA Number: 1443
BRN: 102723
Dielectric constant: 13.48
InChIKey: BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.14 at 24.7℃
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is used extensively in the paint and coatings industry as a reactive diluent and solvent, where it helps control viscosity and improve the performance and drying characteristics of the finished product.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is also found in metal cleaning agents, floor polishes, and degreasers, where its solvent properties allow it to break down oils, greases, and residues effectively.
In the pharmaceutical and agrochemical sectors, it serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of active compounds, as its alcohol group is reactive and can be easily modified through esterification, etherification, or oxidation reactions.
In laboratory research and chemical manufacturing, Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is often chosen for reactions requiring a polar, protic solvent that is more stable than furfuryl alcohol, especially under acidic or oxidative conditions.
Its mild odor and relatively low toxicity contribute to its growing use in green chemistry applications, where safer alternatives to volatile organic solvents are required.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is produced by catalytic reduction of furfural with Raney-Ni; also by destructive hydrogenation of lignin.
Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water.
Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions.
Example: An explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid.
Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives.
Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid.
Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive.
They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous- carbon tetrachloride solutions.
Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites.
They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat.
Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites.
Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol undergoes chemoselective hydrogenolysis catalyzed by Rh/SiO2 modified with ReOx species to yield 1,5-pentanediol.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol undergoes lanthanum-mediated Michael-type addition reaction with maleate to form alkoxybutanedioic acid.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is a low cost, biodegradable solvent derived from corn cobs mainly used as a reactive diluent for epoxy resins and is a good solvent for many of the curative and catalysts used in epoxy formulations.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is a primary alcohol that is methanol in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group.
It has a role as a protic solvent.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is a primary alcohol and a member of oxolanes.
With the molecular formula C₅H₁₀O₂ and a molecular weight of about 102.13 g/mol, Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is a clear, viscous liquid that is miscible with water and many organic solvents.
This high level of solubility and its relatively low vapor pressure make it a versatile solvent for many industrial processes, including coating formulations, adhesives, and cleaning products, especially where a low-odor, low-toxicity solvent is preferred.
Industrially, Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is produced through the catalytic hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol, which itself is obtained from furfural, a chemical that can be extracted from agricultural residues such as corn cobs, oat hulls, and sugarcane bagasse.
This origin from biomass feedstocks means Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is considered part of the bio-based chemical industry, and it aligns with global efforts to replace petroleum-derived solvents with more sustainable, environmentally friendly alternatives.
Uses:
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is frequently employed in electronics manufacturing and maintenance, particularly in circuit board cleaning, flux removal, and solvent-based processing applications, where its mild but effective solvency, low conductivity, and compatibility with metals and plastics make it a safer alternative to harsher solvents like acetone or methylene chloride.
In the cosmetics and personal care industry, although used less frequently, Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol may appear as a solvent or intermediate in the formulation of specialty ingredients where mild solvents are required and where compliance with environmental and toxicity regulations is necessary.
Because of its biodegradability and low environmental persistence, Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is increasingly favored in green chemistry and environmentally conscious product formulations, making it a preferred solvent in the development of eco-friendly cleaning agents, coatings, and lubricants, especially where regulatory pressures require replacement of traditional volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is used extensively in various industries as a high-purity, water miscible solvent, and as a chemical intermediate.
It was used as Solvent for vinyl resins; dyes for leather; chlorinated rubber; cellulose esters; solvent softener for nylon; vegetable oils; coupling agent; organic synthesis.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol was used as refractive-index matching solvent to ensure hard sphere suspension of silica particles for rheological measurements.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is used as a polar protic solvent in chemical reactions where the presence of an alcohol group enhances reactivity or serves as a medium for catalytic transformations, especially those involving organometallic or acid-catalyzed systems.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is generally regarded as a "green" solvent in industrial applications.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is a low cost, biodegradable solvent mainly used as a reactive diluent for epoxy resins and is a good solvent for many of the curative and catalysts used in epoxy formulations.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is also used in the following applications:
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol undergoes chemoselective hydrogenolysis catalyzed by Rh/SiO2 modified with ReOx species to yield 1,5-pentanediol.
It undergoes lanthanum-mediated Michael-type addition reaction with maleate to form alkoxybutanedioic acid.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol was used as refractive-index matching solvent to ensure hard sphere suspension of silica particles for rheological measurements.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol may be used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in rats and smoke flavoring from rice husk using chromatography techniques.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol finds applications in the solvent industry as an environmentally benign, biodegradable, water-miscible solvent for agrochemical formulations, cleaning products, paint strippers and electronic industry.
As a chemical intermediate it is a raw material to produce THFA-ethers and esters which can be used in multiple applications such as adhesives and pharmaceutical applications.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is often used in epoxy resin formulations in either the epoxy component or amine hardener as well as other general resin applications.
One of the primary uses of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is as a solvent in the paints, coatings, and ink industries, where it helps dissolve resins, pigments, and other formulation ingredients, ensuring uniform consistency and improved application properties; its slow evaporation rate also enhances open time and prevents premature drying during processing or application.
In the cleaning and degreasing sector, Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is used in formulations for industrial and household cleaners due to its strong solvency power, particularly against oils, waxes, greases, and residues, making it suitable for cleaning metal parts, machinery, electronics, and delicate surfaces that require a low-odor, biodegradable solvent.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol serves as a reactive intermediate in the chemical synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals, where its hydroxymethyl group allows it to participate in esterification, oxidation, and etherification reactions; this functionality makes it valuable for producing active ingredients, stabilizers, and additives with specialized performance characteristics.
In the polymer and resin industries, Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is used as a monomer or reactive diluent in the production of polyurethanes, alkyd resins, and epoxy systems, where it can influence flexibility, hardness, and curing behavior while also improving solubility and flow characteristics during manufacturing and application processes.
Because of its excellent miscibility with water and organic solvents, Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is also utilized in agricultural formulations, particularly as a co-solvent in pesticide and herbicide delivery systems, where it helps dissolve active ingredients and promotes their effective dispersion on crops or soil surfaces.
Safety profile:
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol can cause moderate irritation to the skin and eyes, particularly with repeated or prolonged contact.
Symptoms may include redness, itching, or burning sensations.
In some sensitive individuals, it may lead to dermatitis if skin exposure is not controlled.
Inhalation of Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol vapors or mists may irritate the respiratory tract, causing coughing, sore throat, or difficulty breathing in confined or poorly ventilated areas.
Prolonged inhalation at high concentrations can lead to more serious respiratory effects.
At very high vapor concentrations, Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol may exhibit central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects, similar to other solvents.
This can include symptoms such as dizziness, drowsiness, headache, or in extreme cases, loss of coordination.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol was not mutagenic to S. typhimurium strains TA100, TA1535, TA1537, or TA98 in an in vitro gene mutation assay or to E. coliWP2uvrA/pKM101 with or withoutmetabolic activation.
No chromosomal aberrations or polypoidy were observed when Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol was added to cultured Chinese hamster lung cells with or without metabolic activation .
Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Although Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol has relatively low toxicity, exposure through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion can cause adverse health effects, especially at higher concentrations or with prolonged exposure.
