PRODUCTS

TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (POWDER)

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder), also called sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or TSPP, is an inorganic compound with the formula Na4P2O7. As a salt, it is a white, water-soluble solid. It is composed of pyrophosphate anion and sodium ions. Toxicity is approximately twice that of table salt when ingested orally.

CAS No. : 7722-88-5
EC No. : 231-767-1

Synonyms:
Tetrasodium diphosphate; Pyrophosphate; Sodium pyrophosphate; Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (anhydrous); TSPP; Trisodium phosphate; Pentasodium triphosphate; Sodium hexametaphosphate; Sodium pyrophosphate; TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE; 7722-88-5; TSPP; Sodium diphosphate; Phosphotex; Tetrasodium diphosphate; Diphosphoric acid, tetrasodium salt; Victor TSPP; Caswell No. 847; Natrium pyrophosphat; Pyrophosphoric acid tetrasodium salt; Sodium pyrophosphate [USAN]; Sodium diphosphate, anhydrous; Natrium pyrophosphat [German]; Sodium phosphate (Na4P2O7); Sodium pyrophosphate tetrabasic; HSDB 854; MFCD00003513; Sodium diphosphate (Na4P2O7); Sodium pyrophosphate, tetrabasic; UNII-O352864B8Z; Sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7); Tetranatriumpyrophosphat [German]; Anhydrous tetrasodium pyrophosphate; Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, anhydrous; EINECS 231-767-1; NSC 56751; Pyrophosphoric acid, tetrasodium salt; Na4P2O7; TETRASODYUM PİROFOSFAT; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076405; CHEBI:71240; Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, anhydride; O352864B8Z; Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:4); Sodium pyrophosphate (USAN); tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate; tetra sodium pyrophosphate; EC 231-767-1; DSSTox_CID_22465; TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (POWDER); Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate (Powder); DSSTox_RID_80032; Sodiumpyrophosphatedecahydrate; 4Na.O7P2; DSSTox_GSID_42465; Diphosphoric acid sodium salt; Sodium pyrophosphate anhydrous; KSC377I2F; tetrasodium;phosphonato phosphate; DTXSID9042465; Tetrasodium diphosphate; Pyrophosphate; Sodium pyrophosphate; Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (anhydrous); TSPP; Trisodium phosphate; Pentasodium triphosphate; Sodium hexametaphosphate; Sodium pyrophosphate; TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE; 7722-88-5; TSPP; Sodium diphosphate; Phosphotex; Tetrasodium diphosphate; Diphosphoric acid, tetrasodium salt; Victor TSPP; Tetrasodium pyrophosphate Anhydrous; Sodium pyrophosphate 7722-88-5

Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate (Powder)

Use
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive. Common foods containing Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) include chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives and cat foods and cat treats where it is used as a palatability enhancer.

In toothpaste and dental floss, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) acts as a tartar control agent, serving to remove calcium and magnesium from saliva and thus preventing them from being deposited on teeth. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is used in commercial dental rinses before brushing to aid in plaque reduction.
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is sometimes used in household detergents to prevent similar deposition on clothing, but due to its phosphate content it causes eutrophication of water, promoting algae growth.

Production
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is produced by the reaction of furnace-grade phosphoric acid with sodium carbonate to form disodium phosphate, which is then heated to 450 °C to form Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder):
2 Na2HPO4 → Na4P2O7 + H2O

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) appears as odorless, white powder or granules. mp: 995°C. Density: 2.53 g/cm3. Solubility in water: 3.16 g/100 mL (cold water); 40.26 g/100 mL boiling water. Used as a wool de-fatting agent, in bleaching operations, as a food additive. The related substance Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) decahydrate (Na4P2O7*10H2O) occurs as colorless transparent crystals. Loses its water when heated to 93.8°C.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) - SEQ, GRAS/FS, Cheeses and Rel Cheese Prods - Part 133; Ice Cream - Part 135; BC, REG, Comp of boiler water additive - 173.310; MISC, REG, < 0.3 ppm in flume water - Used in flume water for washing sugar beets prior to slicing operation - 173.315

Important primary builder and detergent; in sequestration, it is not quite as effective as sodium tripoly phosphate and its usage in heavy-duty laundry powders has declined in recent years. Functionally, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is both a builder for surfactants (ie water softener) and alkali.
Substances whose adopted documentation and TLV's were withdrawn. Substance: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) (7722-88-5); Year Withdrawn: 2006; Reason: Insufficient data.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is found on List D. Case No: 4053; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: None of the active ingredients in the case are being supported for reregistration by their registrants. All are unsupported, or some are unsupported and some are cancelled. Cases described as "unsupported" generally are being processed for cancellation.; Active ingredient (AI): Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder); AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products ... "cancelled."

Residues of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a anticaking agent or conditioning agent in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) used as a sequestrant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) used as a sequestrant in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: This chemical is a colorless, transparent crystals or white powder or granules. It is odorless; slightly soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol and ammonia. This chemical is used as a cleaning compound; oil well drilling; water treatment, cheese emulsification; as a general sequestering agent, to remove rust stains; as am ingredient of one fluid ink eradicators, in electrodeposition of metals. It is used in textile dyeing; scouring of wool; buffer; food additive; detergent builder; water softener and dispersant. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Alkaline and irritating. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are probable after ingestion. Medical reports of acute exposures show mild to moderate dermal and ocular responses. ANIMAL STUDIES: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) when added to the diets of rats in high concentrations it caused kidney damage. This chemical caused teratogenic effects in chicken embryos. Acute studies show that direct contact causes severe irritation and corneal injury in the rabbit eye and that it may be irritating to skin. This chemical can be considered moderately toxic on ingestion, inducing metabolic acidosis, and hypocalcemia.

Calculus-removing gums
Gum products showing anti-calculus effects include those containing sodium tripolyphosphate and Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) (both at a 1% concentration; Porciani et al., 2003) or ascorbic acid (with or without carbamide;

Lingström et al., 2005). It is possible that the positive observations made in dentifrice studies could be applied in gum formulation; a preparation consisting of various phosphates and NaF may be considered worth experimenting with (Sowinski et al., 2000), as well as those containing pyrophosphate supplemented with certain zinc salts, triclosan or diphosphonate (Volpe et al., 1993).

Pregelatinised starch
A native starch can be gelatinised prior to use, making it possible to be used in products that do not require cooking. This type of starch, called 'pregelatinised starch' is very useful for instant desserts and baby foods. Instant desserts are made with pregelatinised starch, fine sugar, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) (coagulant) and calcium acetate (accelerator) plus colouring and flavouring. When mixed with cold milk (140 g/1 of milk) and left to stand for 15 minutes a firm textured custard is formed. Pregelatinised starch also has the advantage of reducing the cooking time of gravies, soups and sauces. These products require only the addition of hot water with good stirring before serving. Pregelatinised starch is manufactured by feeding an aqueous starch slurry onto steam-heated rollers. The gelled starch is removed by a scraper, crushed and sieved.

Effect of Phosphates
The sodium salts of various phosphates have long been known to increase WHC and muscle tissue swelling, and decrease both drip and cook losses. The effects of phosphates on meat swelling appear to be related to their relative effects on pH with the exception of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) (TP), which produces a swelling effect in excess of its ability to raise pH. Commercial phosphates with a pH of 9.0–10.0 can raise tissue pH above the pI by increasing the net negative charge on the myofibrillar proteins causing them to repel each other allowing water to enter. However, it must be noted that the buffering capacity of meat proteins is substantial; so much so that, in relevant quantities, phosphate with pH 10 shifts the meat pH by only 0.1–0.2 pH units, which would be expected to have negligible effects on WHC unless the tissue was at or very close to the muscle protein pI.

Processed and Analogue Cheeses
A relaxation of the regulatory requirements governing minimum inclusion of natural cheese is accompanied by greater substitution with MPC in processed cheese formulations. Hence, research is currently addressing the relationships between processing conditions, particle size in MPC, emulsifying salt conditions, and final product characteristics in order to improve the understanding of the physicochemical relationships in the processed cheese systems. Emulsifying salts such as tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder)) induce gelation in reconstituted MPC dispersions when the added Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) acts with calcium as a cross-linking agent between dispersed caseins and when the balance between (a reduced) electrostatic repulsion and (enhanced) attractive (hydrophobic) interactions becomes suitable for aggregation and eventual gelation of casein molecules.

The firmness and elasticity of PCPs made with different ESs generally decrease in the following general order: tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder)) > disodium phosphate (DSP) > trisodium citrate (TSC) > sodium aluminum phosphate (SALP). In contrast, the mean fat globule diameter and the meltability on heating generally show the opposite trend, being largest with SALP and smallest with Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder). The effects of different salts on firmness reflect differences in their calcium sequestration and pH buffering characteristics, which in turn result in differences in casein hydration and degree of emulsification. Increasing the level of ES in the range 0.5–3.0% (w/w) leads to a progressive increase in firmness and a decrease in meltability. These changes coincide with increases in the levels of water-soluble protein and water-insoluble calcium phosphate (Figure 1).

Treating starch with a proteinase such as pepsin or papain appears to enhance sodium phosphate retention by the starch granule (401). Products containing 6–12% phosphorus can be prepared by slurrying starch in 45–55% orthophosphate solutions at 50°–60° followed by filtration, drying, and heat reaction at 140°–155° (400). Similarly, starch has been phosphorylated with tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder)) (124) or mixtures of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) with orthophosphates (402) or phosphoric acid (403, 404). Alkyl pyrophosphates such as dimethyl or bis(2-ethylhexyl) pyrophosphate can be used to phosphorylate starch in dry reactions (406). Monostarch phosphates can be prepared by heating mixtures of starch and ammonium metaphosphate or ammonium polyphosphate at 110°–140° for 1 to 4 h at a pH range of 5–9 (405). The use of sodium (or other alkali metals) metaphosphate (124) or polyphosphate (405) in the same pH range results in substantial cross-linking. For these alkali metal salts, the reaction pH should be less than 5 for mono ester formation (124); pHs lower than 4 promote hydrolysis of the starch (407).

About Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder)
Helpful information
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, water softeners, cosmetics and personal care products, coating products and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.
Release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in the production of articles and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Other release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Article service life
Release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Other release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).

Widespread uses by professional workers
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, water softeners and cosmetics and personal care products.
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, agriculture, forestry and fishing, building & construction work and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is used for the manufacture of: metals, fabricated metal products, chemicals, pulp, paper and paper products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and in the production of articles.
Other release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Formulation or re-packing
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, water softeners and polymers.
Release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.
Other release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Uses at industrial sites
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, water softeners and polymers.
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and mining.
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, metals, fabricated metal products, machinery and vehicles and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Other release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Manufacture
Release to the environment of Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

General description
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) (Na4P2O7) is a non-toxic and biocompatible compound used as an electroactive media for exfoliation of the surface coating. It is also be used as an additive in the food industry.[4]

Application
Na4P2O7 can be used as an inorganic additive to improve the stability and electrochemical performance of redox flow batteries.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) (TSPP), also called tetrasodium disphosphate or sodium pyrophosphate, is a synthetic ingredient that can be used as an acid regulator, sequestrant, protein modifier, coagulant, and a dispersing agent in food with the European food additive number E450(iii). It is gluten free and vegan.

With the properties of chelating metal ions, increasing protein water holding capacity, PH buffering, stabilization, emulsification, casein thickening and ect, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is widely used in food to improve the gel strength and the tenderness of meat products/analogs.

In the foregoing discussion we have shown how Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) functions in soap mixtures. A summation of the advantages resulting from its use is given:
1.Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder), when it constitutes 10 – 15% of the soap mixture, saves soap to the extent of 20 – 30% by completely preventing the magnesium ion from precipitating soap. At higher levels a partial elimination of the calcium ion will also result.

What is Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder)?
Tetrasodium ETDA (which stands for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a water-soluble ingredient used as a “chelator,” which means it binds to certain mineral ions to inactivate them. Through this action, it can prevent the deterioration of cosmetic and personal care products, as it stops the growth of mold and other microorganisms. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) also helps maintain clarity, protect fragrance compounds, and prevent rancidity. One of its main uses it to help personal care products work better in hard water.

Laboratory technicians use the three ingredients mentioned above to synthesize EDTA, and then Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder) is derived from that. You’ll find it in moisturizers, skin care and cleansing products, personal cleanliness products, bath soaps, shampoos and conditioners, hair dyes, hair bleaches, and many other products. It’s also cleared for use in packaged foods, vitamins, and baby food.

Is It Safe?
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel evaluated the scientific data and concluded that disodium ETDA and related ingredients (including Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder)) were safe as used in cosmetic ingredients and personal care products. The panel also said the ingredient was not well absorbed in the skin. They did note, however, that since the ingredients are penetration enhancers, formulators should be careful when combining these preservatives with other ingredients that may be hazardous if absorbed.

The Cosmetic Safety Database rates the hazard of the ingredient at a low “2,” with a low overall health hazard, and EDTA has not been found to cause cancer in laboratory animals.

In addition to the formaldehyde thing, however—which makes me uncomfortable—this ingredient may also contain dangerous levels of dioxane, a by-product of manufacturing that is also carcinogenic. There have been some case reports of sensitive individuals developing eczema after using cream with Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (powder), and it’s known to be a potent eye irritant. It can also be slow to degrade, making it a poor choice for environmental health.