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Thiamine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of thiamine (vitamin B1), a vitamin essential for aerobic metabolism, cell growth, transmission of nerve impulses and acetylcholine synthesis.
Thiamine Hydrochloride helps prevent various health problems including heart damage.
Thiamine Hydrochloride is used to prevent and treat thiamine deficiency states, which may occur as a result of inadequate nutrition or intestinal malabsorption.
CAS: 67-03-8
MF: C12H17N4OS.ClH.Cl
MW: 337.27
EINECS: 200-641-8
Synonyms
VIT B1;VITAMIN B1 HYDROCHLORIDE;TIMTEC-BB SBB001377;THIAMINE CHLORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE;THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE;THIAMINIUM CHLORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE;THIAMINIUM DICHLORIDE;THIAMIO HYDROCHLORIDUM
Thiamine Hydrochloride is also used for the treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, beriberi and thiamine deficiency related to chronic alcoholism.
Thiamine hydrochloride is used as a food additive to add brothy/meaty flavor to gravies or soups.
Thiamine Hydrochloride is used also as a food supplement and flavoring ingredient with a bitter taste.
Thiamine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride obtained by combining thiamine chloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.
Thiamine Hydrochloride has a role as an insect repellent.
Thiamine Hydrochloride is a vitamin B1 and a hydrochloride.
Thiamine Hydrochloride contains a thiamine(2+).
Thiamine Hydrochloride is a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex whose phosphate derivatives are involved in many cellular processes required for overall human health.
Thiamine deficiency, often the result of impaired nutritional status associated with chronic diseases from alcoholism to HIV-AIDS, is monitored in patient whole blood samples by HPLC.
Thiamine hydrochloride is a synthetic, water-soluble form of vitamin (B_{1}) used to treat and prevent deficiency.
Thiamine Hydrochloride plays a crucial role in converting food into energy, supporting nerve and heart function, and managing metabolic disorders.
Thiamine Hydrochloride is commonly used for fatigue, high carbohydrate intake, and deficiencies related to alcohol consumption or poor nutrition.
History
Thiamine hydrochloride was the first water-soluble vitamin to be purified.
In 1912, Cashmir Funk isolated thiamine from rice husks and coined the term ‘vitamine’ because Thiamine Hydrochloride was required for life (‘vita’) and because thiamine contained nitrogen (‘amine’).
Thiamine Hydrochloride, formerly known as B1, is water soluble.
Thiamine Hydrochloride is a vital cofactor for enzymes and coenzymes of glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway.
Thiamine Hydrochloride is also involved in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid and in nerve propagation.
Thiamine Hydrochloride Chemical Properties
Melting point: 250 °C (dec.)(lit.)
density: 1.3766 (rough estimate)
bulk density: 500kg/m3
refractive index: 1.6000 (estimate)
FEMA: 3322 | THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Fp: 9°C
storage temp.: room temp
solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL at 20 °C, clear, colorless
pka: pKa 4.8 (Uncertain);9.0 (Uncertain)
form: Crystalline Powder
color: White to almost white
PH: 2.7-3.3
Odor: sour mild bitter
Odor Type: bland
biological source: synthetic (organic)
Water Solubility: 1 g/mL
Sensitive: Light Sensitive & Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,9295
JECFA Number: 1030
BRN: 3851771
BCS Class: 3
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents.
Major Application: flavors and fragrances
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: SKIN CONDITIONING FRAGRANCE
InChI: 1S/C12H17N4OS.2ClH/c1-8-11(3-4-17)18-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13;;/h5,7,17H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15);2*1H/q+1;;/p-1
InChIKey: DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: -3.93
CAS DataBase Reference: 67-03-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Thiamine Hydrochloride (67-03-8)
Thiamine Hydrochloride, also known as vitamin B1, is a white or almost white, crystalline powder or colorless crystals.
Thiamine Hydrochloride has an odor slightly reminiscent of thiazole and a bitter taste.
Very soluble in water (1g dissolved in 1mL of water at 20℃), slightly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in ether, benzene, chloroform, and acetone.
The oxidation-reduction reaction can cause Thiamine Hydrochloride to lose activity.
When exposed to air, the vitamin rapidly absorbs about 4% of water.
Uses
Thiamine Hydrochloride is the water-soluble vitamin b1, required for normal digestion and functioning of nerve tissues and in the prevention of beriberi.
Thiamine Hydrochloride also acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates.
During processing, the higher and longer the heating period, the greater the loss.
The loss is reduced in the presence of acid.
Thiamine Hydrochloride and thiamine mononitrate are two available forms.
The mononitrate form is less hygroscopic and more stable than the hydrochloride form, making it suitable for use in beverage powders.
Thiamine Hydrochloride is used in enriched flour and is found as thiamine mononitrite in frozen egg substitute and crackers.
Benefits
Thiamine Hydrochloride is a essential nutrient required for carbohydrate metabolism; also involved in nerve function.
Biosynthesized by microorganisms and plants.
Dietary sources include whole grains, meat products , vegetables, milk, legumes and fruit.
Also present in rice husks and yeast.
Converted in vivo to Thiamine diphosphate, a coenzyme in the decarboxylation of α-keto acids.
Chronic deficiency may lead t o neurological impairment, bariberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
Thiamine hydrochloride is commonly used in the prevention and treatment of foot fungus caused by the lack of VB1, also used in neuritis, dyspepsia and other conditions of adjuvant therapy.
Health Hazard
Diseases and disorders resulting from a deficiency of thiamine include beriberi, opisthotonos (in birds), polyneuritis, hyperesthesia, bradycardia, and edema.
Rather than a specific disease, beriberi may be described as a clinical state resulting from a thiamine deficiency.
In body cells, Thiamine Hydrochloride is required for removing carbon dioxide from various substances, including pyruvic acid.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Thiamine Hydrochloride is an essential coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism.
Deficiency of thiamine causes beriberi, a neurological and cardiovascular disease.
Thiamine Hydrochloride is administered in case of deficiency, either due to reduced intake or synthesis.
Congenital defect in the thiamine transporter gene SLC19A2 causes thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome (TRMA).
Thiamine mimics acetylcholine in brain and possible exerts a role in Alzheimer′s disease.
Thiamine deficiency in ruminants causes polioencephalomalacia.
Synthesis
General procedure for the synthesis of thiamine hydrochloride from the compound (CAS: 52164-53-1): 50 g of thiophene thiamine was added to a three-necked flask, 60 g of 31% hydrochloric acid solution was added, followed by cooling of the reaction system to -10°C in a freezer tank.
Under strict temperature control at -30 °C, 30 g of 20% hydrogen peroxide solution was slowly added dropwise.
After the dropwise addition was completed, the reaction mixture was held at -10°C for 20 hours.
After completion of the reaction, the temperature was kept below 0°C and the filtration operation was carried out.
The filter cake was washed with 50 g of methanol and dried to give 48.1 g of thiazole chloride hydrochloride in 94.7% yield.
Thiamine Hydrochloride was quality analyzed and the result was satisfactory.
