TRANEXAMIC ACID

Tranexamic Acid is a medication used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss from major trauma, postpartum bleeding, surgery, tooth removal, nosebleeds, and heavy menstruation.
Tranexamic Acid is also used for hereditary angioedema.
Tranexamic Acid is taken either by mouth, injection into a vein, or by intramuscular injection.

CAS Number: 701-54-2
Molecular Formula: C8H15NO2
Molecular Weight: 157.21
EINECS Number: 622-133-9

Synonyms: tranexamic acid, 1197-18-8, trans-4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 1197-17-7, Cyklokapron, 701-54-2, 4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, Trans AMCHA, Transamin, Amstat, Tranhexamic acid, Tranexamsaeure, Cyclocapron, trans-Amcha, Rikavarin, Tamcha, Amikapron, Anvitoff, cis-Tranexamic Acid, Ugurol, AMCA, AMCHA, cis-4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, Frenolyse, Trasamlon, Carxamin, Emorhalt, Tranexan, Mastop, Rikavarin-S, Exacyl, tranexmic acid, Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 4-(aminomethyl)-, trans-, trans-Tranexamic acid, 4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid, Hexapromin, Transamlon, Hexatron, Spiramin, Tranex, cis-AMCHA, trans-4-Aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid, Acido tranexamico, Acide tranexamique, Acidum tranexamicum, Lysteda, Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 4-(aminomethyl)-, cis-, CL 65336, Femstrual, cis-4-Aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid, BAY 3517, Cyclo-F, RP 18,429, Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 4-(aminomethyl)-, 4-(Aminomethyl)-Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid, Tranexamic Acid(Random Configuration), Cyclokapron, Espercil, Haematrix, (1r,4r)-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid, trans-p-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, cis-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid, CL-65336, DV 79, MFCD00001466, HAKU, DV79, trans-4-(Aminomethyl)-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, trans-4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid, LB1148, MFCD19706018, NSC-291305, trans-1-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexane-4-carboxylic acid, Tranexamic acid (Transamin), DTXSID3045350, Retavase, CHEBI:48669, 37YD696II6, 6T84R30KC1, NSC291305, trans-4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ester, 4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid, CL65336, NCGC00016569-01, RP-18429, CAS-1197-18-8, AMH, Tranexamic acid cis-form, Acide tranexamique [INN-French], Acido tranexamico [INN-Spanish], Acidum tranexamicum [INN-Latin], DV-79, Cyklokapron (TN), Rikavarin (TN), Transamin (TN), SR-05000001794, EINECS 214-818-2, trans-1-Aminomethylcyclohexane-4-carboxylic acid, NSC 291305, BRN 2207452, tranexamate, tranexamic-acid, UNII-37YD696II6, UNII-6T84R30KC1, 1ceb, Prestwick_476, ALBB-006013, Spectrum_001391, Tranexamic acid [USAN:USP:INN:BAN:JAN], Prestwick0_000171, Prestwick1_000171, Prestwick2_000171, Prestwick3_000171, Spectrum2_000655, Spectrum3_001189, Spectrum4_000046, Spectrum5_001258, CHEMBL877, Tranexamic acid (Standard), trans-4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexane-carboxylic acid, Oprea1_786414, SCHEMBL16974, BSPBio_000061, BSPBio_002837, KBioGR_000511, KBioSS_001871, TRANEXAMIC ACID [MI], 3-14-00-00868 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), CIS-4-(AMINOMETHYL)CYCLOHEXANECARBOXYLICACID, DivK1c_000655, SCHEMBL186034, SCHEMBL349408, SPECTRUM1502026, TRANEXAMIC ACID [INN], TRANEXAMIC ACID [JAN], TRANEXAMIC ACID, CIS-, SPBio_000689, SPBio_001982, TRANEXAMIC ACID [USAN], Tranexamic Acid EP Impurity B, BPBio1_000069, CHEMBL292500, GTPL6573, SCHEMBL6885575, SCHEMBL9885628, 701-54-2 (cis+trans), TRANEXAMIC ACID [VANDF], TRANEXAMIC ACID [MART.], CHEBI:94518, HMS502A17, HY-B0149R, KBio1_000655, KBio2_001871, KBio2_004439, KBio2_007007, KBio3_002337, DTXSID50904827, TRANEXAMIC ACID [USP-RS], TRANEXAMIC ACID [WHO-DD], WLN: L6TJ AVQ D1Z -T, GYDJEQRTZSCIOI-KNVOCYPGSA-N, GYDJEQRTZSCIOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N, NINDS_000655, DTXCID401333941, GLXC-10248, HMS1568D03, HMS1921F08, HMS2092P03, HMS2095D03, HMS3712D03, HMS3744G07, Pharmakon1600-01502026, BCP13133, BCP18146, HY-A0102, HY-B0149, SBC83795, Tox21_110500, BBL004469, BDBM50428067, CCG-39692, MFCD00064951, NSC758176, s1875, STK503668, TRANEXAMIC ACID [ORANGE BOOK], AKOS005171632, AKOS015854573, AKOS024257901, TRANEXAMIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH], TRANEXAMIC ACID [USP IMPURITY], TRANEXAMIC ACID CIS-FORM [MI], AB86495, AC-4687, BS-3867, CS-1965, DB00302, FT29666, IA71533, LB-1148, NSC-758176, TRANEXAMIC ACID [USP MONOGRAPH], 4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylicacid, 4-Aminomethyl-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, IDI1_000655, NCGC00016569-02, NCGC00016569-03, NCGC00016569-04, NCGC00016569-05, NCGC00016569-06, NCGC00016569-08, NCGC00016569-09, NCGC00094944-01, NCGC00094944-02, p-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, AS-80121, BP-12345, DA-78573, FT163756, PD061983, SY011438, SY056656, TS-02090, SBI-0051705.P002, trans 4aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid, DB-074265, Trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexylcarboxylic acid, trans-p-Aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid, A0236, A2121, AB00052260, CS-0013687, CS-0055045, NS00006665, trans 4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid, trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid, EN300-91506, Tranexamic acid impurity B;cis-Tranexamic acid, trans-4(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, trans-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexylcarboxylic acid, trans-4-aminomethyl cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, trans-4-aminomethyl-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid, D01136, EN300-121703, P15619, P20836, T71247, Trans-4-Aminomethyl cyclohexane carboxylic acid, trans4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid, AB00052260-04, AB00052260_05, AB00052260_06, TRANEXAMIC ACID IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY], trans-4 -(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, trans-4-(aminomethyl)-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, trans-4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexane carboxylic acid, trans-4-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, (trans)-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (trans-), 4-trans-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid #, Q418666, trans-?4-?(Aminomethyl)?cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, trans-4- (aminomethyl) cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, trans-4-(aminomethyl)- cyclohexane carboxylic acid, Trans-4-(aminomethyl)-cyclohexane carboxylic acid, trans-4-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexane carboxylic acid, SR-05000001794-1, SR-05000001794-2, SR-05000001794-3, Tranexamic acid 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile:Water, BRD-K15014948-001-01-2, BRD-K15014948-001-09-5, BRD-K15014948-001-10-3, BRD-K15014948-213-01-3, BRD-K79165417-001-01-7, Q27256710, trans-4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 97%, 4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid;Tranexamic acid, F8886-7867, Z1741970429, Amchafibrin;trans-p-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, rel-(1R,4R)-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid, Tranexamic acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Tranexamic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Tranexamic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid;4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid (cis- and trans- mixture);Tranexamic Acid(Random Configuration);Alprazolam Solution, 100ppm;4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid (cis- and trans- mixture);TXC;4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid (cis- and trans- mixture)>;Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 4-(aminomethyl)-

Tranexamic acid is a synthetic analog of the amino acid lysine. 
Tranexamic Acid serves as an antifibrinolytic by reversibly binding four to five lysine receptor sites on plasminogen. 
This decreases the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, preventing fibrin degradation and preserving the framework of fibrin's matrix structure.

Tranexamic Acid has roughly eight times the antifibrinolytic activity of an older analogue, ε-aminocaproic acid.
Tranexamic Acid also directly inhibits the activity of plasmin with weak potency (IC50 = 87 mM), and it can block the active-site of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) with high specificity (Ki = 2 mM), one of the highest among all the serine proteases.

Side effects are rare; they include changes in color vision, seizures, blood clots, and allergic reactions.
Tranexamic Acid appears to be safe for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Tranexamic Acid is an antifibrinolytic medication.

Tranexamic acid was first made in 1962 by Japanese researchers Shosuke and Utako Okamoto.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Tranexamic acid is available as a generic drug.

Tranexamic acid is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine that works as an antifibrinolytic agent, meaning it helps prevent the breakdown of blood clots. 
It achieves this by blocking the binding sites of plasminogen and plasmin, enzymes responsible for dissolving fibrin, which is a major component of blood clots.
Clinically, Tranexamic Acid is commonly used to treat or prevent excessive bleeding in various situations, such as during heavy menstrual periods, surgeries (especially dental procedures in people with bleeding disorders), trauma, and certain medical conditions like hemophilia. 

Tranexamic Acid is also frequently used in aesthetic medicine to reduce skin discoloration, such as melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, due to its ability to interfere with melanin synthesis.
Tranexamic Acid is a monocarboxylic acid. 
Tranexamic Acid has a role as an antifibrinolytic drug and a hematologic agent. 

Tranexamic Acid is functionally related to a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid.
Taken orally, Tranexamic Acid is indicated for the treatment of hereditary angioedema,6 cyclic heavy menstrual bleeding in premenopausal females,5 and other instances of significant bleeding in the context of hyperfibrinolysis.

Given intravenously, tranexamic acid is indicated for short-term use (2-8 days) in patients with hemophilia to prevent or reduce bleeding following tooth extraction.
Tranexamic Acid is an antifibrinolytic that competitively inhibits the activation of plasminogen to plasmin.
At much higher concentrations it behaves as a noncompetitive inhibitor of plasmin similar to aminocaproic acid, a similar antifibrinolytic which is 10-fold less potent.

Tranexamic acid binds more strongly than aminocaproic acid to both the strong and weak receptor sites of the plasminogen molecule in a ratio corresponding to the difference in potency between the compounds. 
In patients with hereditary angioedema, inhibition of the formation and activity of plasmin by tranexamic acid may prevent attacks of angioedema by decreasing plasmin-induced activation of the first complement protein (C1).

Off-target antagonism of GABA(A) receptors may be associated with the development of convulsions and hyperexcitability following tranexamic acid administration1 - the risk appears higher with improper administration or administration during cardiovascular surgery.
Consider EEG monitoring of patients with a history of seizure.
Tranexamic acid competitively and reversibly inhibits the activation of plasminogen via binding at several distinct sites, including four or five low-affinity sites and one high-affinity site, the latter of which is involved in its binding to fibrin. 

The binding of plasminogen to fibrin induces fibrinolysis - by occupying the necessary binding sites tranexamic acid prevents this dissolution of fibrin, thereby stabilizing the clot and preventing hemorrhage.
Tranexamic acid is a medication that is primarily used to treat or prevent excessive bleeding by slowing down the natural process that breaks down blood clots in the body. 
Tranexamic Acid belongs to a class of drugs called antifibrinolytics, which function by inhibiting the activation of plasminogen to plasmin — the enzyme responsible for breaking down fibrin, the structural protein in blood clots. 

By doing so, tranexamic acid helps to stabilize and preserve clots that have already formed, effectively reducing blood loss in a variety of clinical scenarios.
Tranexamic Acid is widely used in medical settings such as cardiac surgery, orthopedic surgery, trauma care, and gynecology, particularly in conditions like menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding), where it can significantly decrease the volume and duration of bleeding. 
In trauma cases, especially those involving massive hemorrhage, early administration of tranexamic acid has been shown to reduce the risk of death when given within a critical time window, such as in battlefield medicine or emergency care.

Melting point: 233 °C
Boiling point: 300.2±15.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.095±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
storage temp.: Keep in dark place,Inert atmosphere,Room temperature
solubility: Water (Sparingly)
form: Solid
pka: 4.65±0.10(Predicted)
color: White to Off-White

Tranexamic Acid is used to treat heavy menstrual bleeding in women. 
This medicine may be used by teenage females, but is not intended for use before the start of menstruation.
Tranexamic Acid is an antifibrinolytic agent. 

Tranexamic Acid works by blocking the breakdown of blood clots, which prevents bleeding.
In the United States, tranexamic acid is FDA-approved for short-term use in people with severe bleeding disorders who are about to have dental surgery.
Tranexamic Acid is used for a short period before and after the surgery to prevent major blood loss and decrease the need for blood transfusions.

Tranexamic Acid is used in dentistry in the form of a 5% mouth rinse after extractions or surgery in patients with prolonged bleeding time; e.g., from acquired or inherited disorders.
In China, tranexamic acid is allowed in over-the-counter toothpaste, with six products using the drug. As of 2018, there are no limits on dosage, nor requirements for labeling the concentration.
0.05% TXA in toothpaste is allowed OTC in Hong Kong.

<5% TXA in over-the-counter toothpaste is first patented and marketed by Lion Corporation in Japan, where it is still sold.
Presence of unauthorized TXA has led to the Canadian recall of a Yunnan Baiyao toothpaste in 2019.
There is not enough evidence to support the routine use of tranexamic acid to prevent bleeding in people with blood cancers.

However, several trials are currently assessing this use of tranexamic acid.
For people with inherited bleeding disorders (e.g. von Willebrand's disease), tranexamic acid is often given.
Tranexamic Acid has also been recommended for people with acquired bleeding disorders (e.g., directly acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs)) to treat serious bleeding.

The use of tranexamic acid, applied directly to the area that is bleeding or taken by mouth, appears useful to treat nose bleeding compared to packing the nose with cotton pledgets alone.
Tranexamic Acid decreases the risk of rebleeding within 10 days.
Tranexamic Acid metabolism is poorly characterized but does not appear to be a significant means of drug elimination. 

According to prescribing information, approximately 1% and 0.5% of an orally administered dose are excreted as a dicarboxylic acid and acetylated metabolite, respectively.
Reported adverse events include seizures, changes in color vision, blood clots, and allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis.
Whether the risk of venous thromboembolism (blood clots) is increased is a matter of debate. 

The risk is mentioned in the product literature, and they were reported in post marketing experience.
Despite this, and the inhibitory effect of tranexamic acid on blood clot breakdown, large studies of the use of tranexamic acid have not shown an increase in the risk of venous or arterial thrombosis, even in people who had previously experienced thrombosis under other circumstances.

Tranexamic acid is marketed in the US and Australia in tablet form as Lysteda and in Australia, Sweden and Jordan it is marketed in an IV form and tablet form as Cyklokapron, in the UK and Sweden as Cyclo-F. 
In the UK it is also marketed as Femstrual, in Asia as Transcam, in Bangladesh as Intrax & Tracid, in India as Pause, in Pakistan as Transamin, in Indonesia as Kalnex, in South America as Espercil, in Japan as Nicolda, in France, Poland, Belgium, and Romania as Exacyl and in Egypt as Kapron. 
In the Philippines, its capsule form is marketed as Hemostan and in Israel as Hexakapron.

Beyond its use in bleeding disorders, Tranexamic Acid has found applications in dermatology and cosmetic medicine, where it is used both orally and topically to treat melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and sun-induced dark spots. 
Tranexamic Acid is believed to reduce pigmentation by inhibiting interactions between melanocytes and keratinocytes, and by reducing the vascular component of hyperpigmented lesions.

Pharmacologically, the drug is well absorbed after oral administration, with a peak plasma concentration occurring within a few hours, and it is excreted largely unchanged by the kidneys. 
Because of its mechanism of action, tranexamic acid does not interfere directly with coagulation pathways or platelet function, making it relatively safe in terms of thrombosis risk, although caution is still exercised in patients with a history of clotting disorders.
Tranexamic Acid is included in the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, reflecting its importance in both developed and developing healthcare systems. 

With a strong safety profile, minimal side effects in most users, and a wide range of indications, tranexamic acid has become a cornerstone therapy in the management of bleeding and pigmentation disorders across multiple medical disciplines.
Tranexamic Acid might alleviate neuroinflammation in some experimental settings.
Tranexamic Acid can be used in case of postpartum hemorrhage; it can decrease the risk of death due to bleeding by one third according to the WHO.

Tentative evidence supports the use of tranexamic acid in hemoptysis.
In hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: tranexamic acid has been shown to reduce the frequency of epistaxis in patients with severe and frequent nosebleed episodes from hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Tranexamic Acid is sometimes used in skin whitening as a topical agent, injected into a lesion, or taken by mouth, both alone and as an adjunct to laser therapy; as of 2017 its safety seemed reasonable but its efficacy for this purpose was uncertain because there had been no large scale randomized controlled studies nor long term follow-up studies.

Tranexamic Acid is allowed as a quasi-drug for skin whitening in Japan.
Tranexamic Acid is effective in reducing the risk of secondary hemorrhage outcomes in people with traumatic hyphema.
Tranexamic Acid did not reduce bleeding or transfusions but did increase complications.

Uses Of Tranexamic Acid:
Tranexamic Acid is frequently used following major trauma.
Tranexamic Acid is used to prevent and treat blood loss in a variety of situations, such as dental procedures, heavy menstrual bleeding, and surgeries with high risk of blood loss.

Tranexamic Acid has been found to decrease the risk of death due to any cause in people who have significant bleeding due to trauma.
Tranexamic Acid is most effective if taken within the first three hours following major trauma.
It also decreases the risk of death if given within the first three hours of brain injury.

Tranexamic acid is sometimes used to treat heavy menstrual bleeding.
When taken by mouth it both safely and effectively treats regularly occurring heavy menstrual bleeding and improves quality of life.
Another study demonstrated that the dose does not need to be adjusted in females who are between ages 12 and 16.

In a 10-year study, tranexamic acid and other oral medicines (mefenamic acid) were found to be as effective as the levonorgestrel intrauterine coil; the same proportion of women had not had surgery for heavy bleeding and had similar improvements in their quality of life.
Tranexamic Acid is sometimes used (often in conjunction with oxytocin) to reduce bleeding after childbirth.
Death due to postpartum bleeding is reduced in women receiving tranexamic acid.

Tranexamic Acid is sometimes used in orthopedic surgery to reduce blood loss, to the extent of reducing or altogether abolishing the need for perioperative blood transfusion.
It is of proven value in clearing the field of surgery and reducing blood loss when given before or after surgery. Drain and number of transfusions are reduced.
In surgical corrections of craniosynostosis in children it reduces the need for blood transfusions.

In spinal surgery (e.g., scoliosis), correction with posterior spinal fusion using instrumentation, to prevent excessive blood loss.
In cardiac surgery, both with and without cardiopulmonary bypass (e.g., coronary artery bypass surgery), it is used to prevent excessive blood loss.
Tranexamic acid can be used in skincare products as a cosmetic active to reduce the appearance of inflammation and hyperpigmentation.

Tranexamic Acid is a zwitterion amino acid, and has a low permeability coefficient in the stratum corneum.
Tranexamic Acid can be combined with penetration enhancers and microneedling to overcome this limitation.
Cosmetic uses may also employ lipophilic derivatives of tranexamic acid (ester prodrugs like Cetyl tranexamate mesylate) that are not zwitterionic and thus have improved skin permeability.

Tranexamic acid is primarily used in clinical medicine to prevent and control excessive or prolonged bleeding in a wide range of conditions, particularly where blood clot breakdown (fibrinolysis) contributes to blood loss. 
It is especially effective in patients who are undergoing surgical procedures with a high risk of bleeding, such as cardiac surgery, liver transplantation, orthopedic surgery (like total knee or hip replacement), and dental procedures in patients with bleeding disorders, where it helps to minimize intraoperative and postoperative blood loss and reduce the need for blood transfusions.

One of its most common uses is in gynecology, where it is prescribed to manage menorrhagia, or abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding. 
When taken during the menstrual period, tranexamic acid can significantly reduce the volume of blood loss, improving quality of life and reducing the risk of anemia in affected individuals, without altering the menstrual cycle itself.
In emergency medicine and trauma care, tranexamic acid plays a vital role in the treatment of acute, life-threatening hemorrhage, particularly in cases of severe trauma, postpartum hemorrhage, or bleeding after major accidents or injuries. 

Studies like the Tranexamic Acid trial have demonstrated that when administered within three hours of injury, tranexamic acid can lower the risk of death due to bleeding, making it an essential medication in trauma protocols worldwide.
Tranexamic Acid is also used in individuals with hereditary bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia or von Willebrand disease, where it can be used alongside clotting factor replacement therapy to help maintain clot stability and prevent excessive bleeding during procedures or spontaneous bleeding episodes.

In addition to its role in hemostasis, tranexamic acid has gained popularity in the field of dermatology and cosmetic medicine, where it is used to treat various forms of skin hyperpigmentation, including melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and age spots. 
It can be administered orally, topically, or via microneedling techniques to reduce melanin production and improve the evenness of skin tone by inhibiting interactions between melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) and keratinocytes (skin cells), as well as reducing the vascular component of pigmented lesions.

Moreover, tranexamic acid may be used in specific medical conditions associated with recurrent nosebleeds (epistaxis), bleeding after prostate surgery, or bleeding related to abnormal blood vessel growth (such as angiodysplasia), providing targeted support to prevent blood loss and promote clot stability in vulnerable tissues.
Overall, the therapeutic uses of tranexamic acid span across multiple specialties — including surgery, gynecology, emergency medicine, hematology, and dermatology — highlighting its versatility and significance in both life-saving and quality-of-life-improving interventions.

Tranexamic acid is used to prevent or reduce excessive bleeding for a short period of time in many different conditions such as heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) or in those with certain disorders like haemophilia. 
Learn how to use the medication, its common side effects, special precautions to watch out for, and more.

In the field of obstetrics, tranexamic acid has become increasingly important in the management and prevention of postpartum hemorrhage, a potentially life-threatening condition that remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide. 
By helping to stabilize blood clots after childbirth, particularly in the critical minutes and hours following delivery, tranexamic acid can significantly reduce the need for surgical interventions like hysterectomy, minimize the necessity for blood transfusions, and improve maternal outcomes, especially in low-resource settings where access to advanced medical care may be limited.

In hematology, patients with clotting deficiencies or platelet function disorders often benefit from tranexamic acid as a supportive therapy during minor surgical procedures, dental work, or periods of increased bleeding risk. 
For individuals with hemophilia A or B, it is used as an adjunct to factor replacement therapy to enhance the clotting process and prevent premature clot breakdown, especially in mucosal tissues like the mouth, gums, and nasal passages, where bleeding can be particularly difficult to control.

In urology, tranexamic acid is sometimes prescribed after prostate surgery, bladder tumor resections, or other urological procedures to control hematuria (the presence of blood in the urine). 
Tranexamic Acid reduces the frequency and severity of bleeding episodes and can help avoid catheter blockages and complications due to clot formation within the urinary tract.
In otorhinolaryngology (ENT), tranexamic acid is used in the treatment of epistaxis (nosebleeds), particularly in individuals with frequent or idiopathic episodes. 

Tranexamic Acid can be administered orally or applied topically using soaked gauze or nasal sprays to help arrest bleeding quickly and reduce recurrence, offering a non-invasive and well-tolerated alternative to cauterization or nasal packing.
Another emerging area of interest is in cardiology and vascular medicine, where tranexamic acid is sometimes used to manage bleeding complications from anticoagulant therapy or to reduce perioperative blood loss during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, which carries a significant risk of fibrinolysis due to contact with artificial surfaces in the bypass machine.

In cosmetic dermatology and aesthetic medicine, tranexamic acid is gaining popularity not only as a treatment for hyperpigmentation but also as a skin-brightening agent used in serums, creams, chemical peels, and injectable mesotherapy solutions. 
Tranexamic Acid is particularly effective when combined with other depigmenting agents such as vitamin C, niacinamide, kojic acid, or retinoids, helping to fade stubborn discoloration without the harsh side effects associated with agents like hydroquinone.

Additionally, Tranexamic Acid is sometimes used in ophthalmic surgeries, such as during retinal procedures, where there is a high risk of intraocular bleeding, as well as in dental surgery in patients with bleeding disorders or those taking anticoagulants, where mouthwashes containing tranexamic acid can be used post-operatively to control local bleeding without altering systemic coagulation status.
Because of its diverse and expanding list of indications, tranexamic acid is often stocked in hospital crash carts, surgical suites, trauma kits, and emergency rooms, and is recommended by numerous clinical guidelines, including those from the World Health Organization, as a first-line or adjunctive treatment for bleeding management.

Safety Profile Of Tranexamic Acid:
One of the most important hazards associated with tranexamic acid is its potential to promote unwanted blood clot formation, particularly in individuals who are already at an increased risk of thromboembolic events. 
Because it works by inhibiting fibrinolysis (the natural process of breaking down clots), it can increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), or arterial thrombosis, such as stroke or heart attack, especially in patients with a history of clotting disorders, recent surgery, or immobility.

In rare cases, tranexamic acid has been associated with seizures, particularly when administered in high intravenous doses during cardiac surgery or when the drug crosses the blood-brain barrier. 
These seizures are believed to result from the drug’s inhibitory effects on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine receptors, which play critical roles in controlling neuronal excitability in the brain.
Visual disturbances are another potential hazard, especially in long-term or high-dose use. 

There have been reports of impaired color vision and retinal changes, which is why some guidelines recommend regular eye exams for patients on prolonged therapy. 
If visual changes occur, the drug should be discontinued immediately.
Allergic reactions, though uncommon, can occur and may include skin rash, itching, urticaria (hives), or anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening systemic allergic response.

Patients with a known hypersensitivity to tranexamic acid or any of its components should not take the drug.
Gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea are among the most commonly reported adverse effects, particularly when the drug is taken orally. 
These side effects are usually mild and self-limited but can be bothersome for some patients.