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Undecanol, also known by its IUPAC name 1-undecanol or undecan-1-ol, and by its trivial names undecyl alcohol and hendecanol, is a fatty alcohol.
Undecanol is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid of melting point 19 °C and boiling point 243 °C.
Undecanol has a floral citrus like odor, and a fatty taste and is used as a flavoring ingredient in foods.
CAS Number: 112-42-5
Molecular Formula: C11H24O
Molecular Weight: 172.31
EINECS Number: 203-970-5
Synonyms:1-UNDECANOL, Undecan-1-ol, Undecyl alcohol, Undecanol, Hendecyl alcohol, 1-Hendecanol, Alcohol C-11, Tip-Nip, 1-Undecyl alcohol, Decyl carbinol, n-Undecan-1-ol, C11 alcohol, Neodol 1, Alcohol, undecyl, Undecanol-(1), Alcohol C11, NSC 403667, HSDB 1089, EINECS 203-970-5, UNII-06MJ0P28T3, BRN 1698334, DTXSID0026915, CHEBI:87499, AI3-00330, NSC-403667, 1-UNDECANOL [HSDB], UNDECYL ALCOHOL [FCC], UNDECYL ALCOHOL [FHFI], DTXCID706915, EC 203-970-5, 4-01-00-01835 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), nUndecanol, 1Hendecanol, nUndecan1ol, TipNip, nUndecyl alcohol, 1Undecyl alcohol, RefChem:77318, FEMA NUMBER 3097, UNDECYL ALCOHOL [INCI], DTXSID7027962, HSDB 5175, ALCOHOL C-11 (UNDECYLIC), EINECS 250-092-3, 112-42-530207-98-8, KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N, 112-42-5, n-Undecanol, n-Undecyl alcohol, Hendecanoic alcohol, n-Hendecylenic alcohol, FEMA No. 3097, MFCD00004751, 30207-98-8, 06MJ0P28T3, CAS-112-42-5, UNA, HENDECANOL, Decane, hydroxymethyl deriv., Neoflex 11, Pri-n-undecyl alcohol, 1-Undecanol, 99%, Dlcohol c-11 undecylic, SCHEMBL20655, n-C11H23OH, Undecyl alcohol, 97%, FG, SCHEMBL105112, SCHEMBL182115, SCHEMBL778831, SCHEMBL996001, CHEMBL444525, orb1299784, SCHEMBL5498216, SCHEMBL10817464, SCHEMBL11354119, SCHEMBL26697578, SCHEMBL27955288, SCHEMBL27991539, AAA11242, Tox21_201585, Tox21_300548, LMFA05000144, MSK160828, NSC403667, s9450, SBB059909, STL280304, AKOS009031434, CS-W004292, HY-W004292, MSK160828-100M, TRA0127006, 6-(methylamino)pyridin-3-ylboronic?acid, MSK160828-1000M, NCGC00164024-01, NCGC00164024-02, NCGC00164024-03, NCGC00254401-01, NCGC00259134-01, 1-Undecanol, purum, >=98.0% (GC), 143819-62-9, BP-31088, DA-59963, LS-14031, TR-002432, NS00006811, ST51046176, U0005, 1-Undecanol Solution in Methanol, 100ug/mL, EN300-20041, 1-Undecanol Solution in Methanol, 1000ug/mL, F349306, Q161686, I14-17883, F8881-3903, Z104476546, 1-Undecanol 0;alcooln-undecylique;Decyl carbinol;decylcarbinol;Dlcohol c-11 undecylic;Hendecanoic alcohol;hendecanoicalcohol;Hendecyl alcohol
Undecanol, being an organic chemical with molecular formula C11H24O and scented with lemon, is a colorless or pale yellow , water insoluble but alcohol and ether soluble liquid.
Undecanol is prepared from metal sodium reduction of Ethyl undecanoate, or pressurization and catalytic hydrogenation of ethyl ω- undecanoate, or even obtained by the Grignard reaction of nonyl magnesium bromide and with ethylene oxide.
The application of this alcohol is limited.
Undecanol is only used for some typical aroma oil and fragrance as the fat is solid at low temperature.
The citrus rose type and the like only play a secondary and harmonious role and are taken as deodorant.
In addition, it is also used to manufacture spices with the scent of acacia, polianthes tuberosa and the like.
Undecanol is commonly produced by the reduction of undecanal, the analogous aldehyde.
Undecanol is found naturally in many foods such as fruits (including apples and bananas), butter, eggs and cooked pork.
Undecanol, also known as 1-undecanol or undecyl alcohol, is a long-chain fatty alcohol with the chemical formula C₁₁H₂₄O.
Undecanol appears as a colorless to slightly yellow, oily liquid with a faint floral or citrus-like odor.
Undecanol is insoluble in water but readily dissolves in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform.
It belongs to the family of primary aliphatic alcohols and consists of an eleven-carbon straight chain.
Because of its molecular structure, it has a high boiling point (243–246°C) and a relatively low vapor pressure.
It solidifies at around 19°C, forming a wax-like substance when cooled.
Undecanol is naturally found in essential oils and fruit waxes, especially in citrus peels and coriander seeds.
It can also be produced synthetically by the reduction of undecanoic acid or undecanal.
Industrially, it is obtained from petrochemical or fatty acid hydrogenation processes.
This alcohol is widely used as a fragrance and flavoring agent due to its mild floral aroma.
Undecanol is commonly added to perfumes, soaps, lotions, and detergents to enhance scent profiles.
In the food industry, it is used in trace amounts as a flavoring additive to impart a sweet, fruity note.
Undecanol also serves as a surfactant and intermediate in the production of emulsifiers, plasticizers, and lubricants.
Its long carbon chain provides excellent wetting and spreading properties, making it useful in formulations of cosmetics and coatings.
Undecanol can be chemically modified to produce esters and ethers for use in specialized chemical industries.
In laboratory and research settings, undecanol is used as a phase modifier or solvent.
It plays a role in chromatography, extraction, and polymer studies due to its amphiphilic nature.
It can also act as a co-surfactant in microemulsion and nanostructure formation.
Undecanol is considered to have low acute toxicity and is generally safe for industrial and cosmetic use.
However, direct contact with the eyes or prolonged skin exposure can cause mild irritation or redness.
It should be handled with care, using protective gloves and eyewear in industrial settings.
Environmentally, undecanol is biodegradable and breaks down relatively quickly in soil and water.
Its low volatility and low water solubility limit its potential for air contamination.
Nonetheless, large discharges into aquatic environments can affect surface film formation and oxygen transfer.
Due to its combination of chemical stability, pleasant odor, and versatility, undecanol is valued across multiple industries.
Undecanol bridges the gap between natural fatty alcohols and synthetic surfactants.
Its applications continue to expand in the fields of green chemistry, cosmetics, and material science.
Melting point: 11 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 146 °C/30 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.83 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: <1 hPa (20 °C)
FEMA: 3097 | UNDECYL ALCOHOL
refractive index: n20/D 1.44(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 0.0057g/l insoluble
form: Liquid
pka: 15.20±0.10(Predicted)
color: Clear colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Faint alcohol.
biological source: synthetic
Odor Type: waxy
Viscosity: 20.03mm2/s
Water Solubility: Not miscible or difficult to mix with water. Soluble in chloroform and ethyl acetate.
JECFA Number: 106
BRN: 1698334
Dielectric constant: 5.9800000000000004
Dielectric constant: 5.9800000000000004
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.
LogP: 4.9 at 20℃
Undecanol is colorless liquid at room temperature; scented with light sweet fat wax mixed with the scent of roses and fruity flavor of citrus, pineapple and the like.
But generally the whole body smells scent of rose, as if a little bit of rue flavor.
Undecanol will smell like orange after highly diluted with the soft sweet flavor of citrus fruit oil.
Its concentration is less than 20 × 10-6 with fruity and sweet scent. Unpleasant fat and smell will be produced when the concentration is higher; Melting point :15 ~ 19 ℃; Flash point> 82 ℃; Density: D4250 .828 ~ 0.834; Refractive index: nD200.4370 ~ 1.4430; water insoluble, soluble in most organic solvents, 1: 4.soluble in 60% ethanol.
Undecanol is classified as a long-chain primary alcohol, part of a homologous series that includes decanol (C10) and dodecanol (C12).
Each additional carbon atom in the chain increases the molecule’s viscosity, boiling point, and hydrophobicity.
This makes undecanol particularly useful in products requiring a smooth texture and slow evaporation rate.
In its pure form, undecanol has a slightly fatty and waxy feel, similar to other higher alcohols.
It emits a mild citrus-like or floral odor, which becomes noticeable in warm environments.
Because of its pleasant scent, it is widely used in fine fragrances and cosmetic formulations.
In perfume manufacturing, Undecanol serves as a fixative that slows down the evaporation of more volatile aroma compounds.
It helps stabilize the fragrance and extends the longevity of the scent on the skin.
This property makes it a preferred ingredient in high-end perfumes, body lotions, and scented candles.
In cosmetic and personal care products, Undecanol functions as a conditioning and emollient agent.
It provides a soft, smooth sensation when applied to skin or hair.
As an emollient, it helps form a protective layer that prevents moisture loss.
It is also found in creams, shampoos, sunscreens, and deodorants, improving texture and spreadability.
Because of its non-irritating nature, it is suitable for sensitive skin formulations.
Its oily nature enhances the absorption of other active ingredients into the skin.
In industrial chemistry, Undecanol acts as a chemical intermediate.
It is used to synthesize esters, ethers, and surfactants, which are components in detergents and lubricants.
One notable derivative is undecyl acetate, which is used in perfumery and flavoring applications.
Undecanol is also utilized in plasticizer production to improve the flexibility of plastics like PVC.
Its molecular chain integrates easily with polymer matrices.
This enhances both elasticity and resistance to cracking in finished products.
In textile and leather processing, undecanol works as a wetting and dispersing agent.
It helps dyes and finishes spread uniformly across fibers and surfaces.
This ensures even coloring, better penetration, and smoother texture.
In the food industry, undecanol is approved as a flavoring agent under strict concentration limits.
It imparts mild, fruity, and floral notes to beverages, baked goods, and candies.
Because it is non-toxic in small amounts, it is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
Pharmaceutical and medical industries also use undecanol as a solvent and excipient.
It assists in the formulation of creams, ointments, and transdermal patches.
Its ability to dissolve lipophilic drugs makes it valuable in topical delivery systems.
In scientific research, undecanol is employed as a model compound for studying alcohol-water interactions.
It helps scientists understand surface tension, micelle formation, and hydrophobic interactions.
These properties are important in biochemistry, colloid science, and nanotechnology.
In analytical chemistry, undecanol is used as a stationary phase modifier in chromatography.
Its long nonpolar chain influences the separation of organic molecules based on polarity.
This makes it a useful tool in gas and liquid chromatographic techniques.
Undecanol also contributes to microemulsion and nanoemulsion systems.
It acts as a co-surfactant, stabilizing the interface between oil and water phases.
Such systems are important in drug delivery, cosmetics, and agrochemical formulations.
A fatty alcohol that is undecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.
Undecanol can be derived from renewable sources such as plant oils and fatty acids, reducing dependence on petroleum.
This makes it a key candidate for sustainable chemical and cosmetic formulations.
Uses Of Undecanol:
Although this undecanol is among the common varieties, but it is still not widely used.
It is often used together with undecylenic aldenyde or other fat and aldehydes as the integrator of fragrant volatile of aldehyde.
Also it can be well integrated with floral fragrance, citrus cologne, acacia, robinia pseudoacacia, tuberose, violets, clean and grass smell, usually used for rose base.
Few application is also available in such pineapple, orange, lemon, lime, orange , cassis, rose food flavors.
Undecanol is used as a fixative in perfumes and fragrances.
It helps slow down the evaporation of volatile aromatic compounds, enhancing scent longevity.
This makes it an essential ingredient in perfumes, colognes, and body sprays.
Undecanol provides a mild floral and citrus-like aroma, blending well with natural and synthetic fragrance components.
This property makes it suitable for use in scented candles, air fresheners, and cosmetic fragrances.
It contributes to the stability and balance of complex fragrance formulations.
In cosmetics and personal care, undecanol acts as a skin-conditioning and emollient agent.
It helps maintain skin hydration by forming a thin protective layer on the surface.
This effect enhances the smoothness and spreadability of creams and lotions.
Undecanol is widely added to shampoos, sunscreens, and deodorants to improve texture and consistency.
It makes products feel soft and non-greasy on the skin.
Its mild and non-irritating nature makes it suitable for sensitive-skin formulations.
In the industrial chemical sector, undecanol serves as a key intermediate in synthesis.
It is used to manufacture esters, ethers, and surfactants for detergents and cleaning products.
These derivatives enhance foam formation, emulsification, and wetting properties.
A notable derivative is undecyl acetate, an ester used in flavors, fragrances, and solvents.
Undecanol also contributes to plasticizer production, improving the flexibility of polymer materials.
This makes it important in the PVC and coatings industries.
In rubber and plastics manufacturing, undecanol is used to enhance elasticity and thermal stability.
It integrates well into polymer matrices, reducing brittleness and cracking.
Its chemical compatibility ensures durable and flexible end products.
In textile and leather processing, undecanol functions as a wetting and dispersing agent.
It helps dyes and finishes penetrate uniformly across fibers.
This ensures even coloration and improved surface quality in fabrics and leather goods.
In the food industry, undecanol is approved for use as a flavoring agent in very low concentrations.
It imparts subtle fruity or citrus-like notes to foods and beverages.
It is used in baked goods, soft drinks, and confectionery items under GRAS regulations.
Because it is non-toxic and mild, undecanol can safely be used in food-grade formulations.
It enhances the sensory appeal of certain food products.
Its use is strictly regulated to maintain consumer safety and purity.
In pharmaceuticals, undecanol serves as a solvent and carrier for lipophilic drugs.
It improves the solubility and skin absorption of active ingredients in topical formulations.
This makes it valuable in ointments, transdermal patches, and creams.
It is also used in cosmetic medicine as a component of skin-healing and moisturizing formulations.
Its smooth, non-irritant texture aids the delivery of medical actives.
This property helps in developing gentle and efficient topical treatments.
In research and laboratory environments, undecanol is employed as a model compound for studying hydrophobic interactions.
It helps scientists understand the behavior of long-chain alcohols in aqueous systems.
This knowledge supports developments in surface chemistry and colloidal science.
Undecanol is used as a stationary phase modifier in chromatography.
Its non-polar chain alters the retention times of analytes in separation studies.
This allows better resolution in gas and liquid chromatography experiments.
It also functions as a co-surfactant in microemulsion and nanoemulsion systems.
It stabilizes the interface between oil and water phases, preventing phase separation.
This application is essential in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agrochemical formulations.
In fire safety applications, undecanol is used as a combustion-modifying additive.
It reduces flame propagation and stabilizes formulations with other flammable compounds.
Its controlled burning characteristics make it suitable for laboratory and industrial testing.
Because of its non-corrosive and low-reactivity nature, undecanol is also used in machinery lubrication.
It contributes to smooth operation by providing a thin, stable film on metal surfaces.
This enhances wear resistance and operational efficiency.
Undecanol’s biodegradability and renewability make it a preferred choice in green chemistry applications.
It can be synthesized from renewable plant oils such as castor or palm oil.
This sustainable source makes it valuable for eco-friendly surfactants and cosmetics.
In environmental and material science, undecanol is used in biodegradation studies and ecological modeling.
It serves as a representative compound for testing fatty alcohol breakdown in ecosystems.
This helps evaluate environmental impact and biodegradability of organic chemicals.
Undecanol is used in fragrance, cosmetic, industrial, food, pharmaceutical, and scientific applications.
Its versatility arises from its balanced combination of chemical stability, sensory appeal, and safety.
Because of these features, undecanol continues to be a key ingredient in sustainable and functional formulations across industries.
Undecanol can be used as a precursor in the synthesis of undecanal by chemoselective oxidation using a fluorous derivative of TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) radical as a catalyst.
It can be also used as a solvent in homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction method.
Undecanol is an antifungal, antioxidant compound as well, it is used in the synthesis
Safety Profile Of Undecanol:
Moderately toxic by ingestion, a skin irritant.
Combustible liquid, mutation data reported.
When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Undecanol can irritate the skin, eyes and lungs. Ingestion can be harmful, with the approximate toxicity of ethanol.
In perfume and fragrance production, undecanol can cause mild skin or eye irritation upon direct contact.
Its oily consistency may lead to temporary redness or discomfort if splashed into the eyes.
Workers should handle it using gloves and protective eyewear to avoid irritation.
When used in scented products, exposure to concentrated undecanol vapors can produce headaches or dizziness in poorly ventilated areas.
Inhalation of large amounts may irritate the respiratory passages.
Proper ventilation and air circulation prevent buildup of vapors during manufacturing.
In cosmetic formulations, undecanol is usually safe but may cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
Prolonged or repeated skin contact can lead to dryness or mild dermatitis.
All personal care products containing it must be dermatologically tested before release.
If shampoos, sunscreens, or lotions containing undecanol are accidentally ingested, mild nausea or stomach discomfort may occur.
This is due to its alcohol nature and low water solubility.
Such exposure should be treated by rinsing the mouth and drinking water — vomiting should not be induced.
In industrial applications, handling large quantities of undecanol carries a risk of skin irritation and chemical exposure.
Prolonged contact can remove natural skin oils, causing dryness or cracking.
Protective clothing and gloves are recommended for workers involved in mixing or processing.
In ester or surfactant synthesis, overheating undecanol above 200°C may release irritating vapors and combustion products.
These fumes can contain formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, and aldehyde traces.
Workplaces should be equipped with fume extraction and temperature monitoring systems.
