2-ETHYLHEXANOL

SYNONYMS
2-Ethylhexan-1-ol; 2-Ethylhexanoic acid; Propylheptyl alcohol; 2-Ethylhexanol; 2-Methylhexane; 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL; 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol; 2-Aethylhexanol; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol; 2-ethylhexan-1-ol; 2-Ethylhexanol; 2-EH (=2-ethyl hexanol); 2-EH alcohol; 2-ethyl 2-hexan-1-ol; 2-ethyl hexanol; 2-ethyl hexyl alcohol; 2-ethylhexan-1-ol; 2-ethylhexanol; alcohol C8; EXXAL 8; isooctanol (=2-ethyl-1-hexanol); octyl alcohol(2-EH)(=2-ethyl-1-hexanol); 2-Etil Hegzanol; 2ETİLHEGZANOL; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol; 2-ethylhexan-1-ol; 2-Ethylhexanol; 2-EH (=2-ethyl hexanol); 2-EH alcohol; 2-ethyl 2-hexan-1-ol; 2-ethyl hexanol; 2-ethyl hexyl alcohol; 2-ethylhexan-1-ol; 2-ethylhexanol; alcohol C8; EXXAL 8; isooctanol (=2-ethyl-1-hexanol); octyl alcohol(2-EH)(=2-ethyl-1-hexanol); 2-Etil Hegzanol; 2ETİLHEGZANOL; 2,etilhekzanol; 2-etilhexanol; 2 etil hegzil alkol; 2 ethlylene hexanol alcohol; 2-ethylene hexanol; 2-etilhekzanol; 2 Ethylhexanol (2EH); 2-etilheksanoik asit; 2-Ethylhexan-1-ol; 2-Ethylhexanol; 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL; 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-; Alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl; Alcohols, C7-9-branched, C8-rich; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, >=99%; 2-Ethylhexan-1-ol 104-76-7; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, analytical standard; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol; 2-Aethylhexanol; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol; Propylheptyl alcohol; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol; 2-ethylhexan-1-ol; 2-Ethylhexanol; 2-EH (=2-ethyl hexanol); 2-EH alcohol; 2-ethyl 2-hexan-1-ol; 2-ethyl hexanol; 2-ethyl hexyl alcohol; 2-ethylhexan-1-ol; 2-ethylhexanol; alcohol C8; EXXAL 8; isooctanol (=2-ethyl-1-hexanol); octyl alcohol(2-EH)(=2-ethyl-1-hexanol); 2-Etil Hegzanol; 2-Ethylhexan-1-ol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard; 2-Ethylhexan-1-ol; 2-Ethylhexanol; 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL; 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-; 2-Ethylhexyl alcohol; Ethylhexanol; 1-hexanol, 2-ethyl-; 2-EH (=2-ethyl hexanol); 2-EH alcohol; 2-ethyl 2-hexan-1-ol; 2-ethyl hexanol; 2-ethyl hexyl alcohol; 2-ethylhexan-1-ol; 2-ethylhexanol; alcohol C8; corexit 8814; ethylhexanol; EXXAL 8; FORMULA No 91270; isooctanol (=2-ethyl-1-hexanol) ; isooctyl alcohol (=2-ethyl-1-hexanol); octyl alcohol (=2-ethyl-1-hexanol); octyl alcohol(2-EH)(=2-ethyl-1-hexanol) 

The branching in 2-ethylhexanol inhibits its crystallization due to packing disruption; this results in a very low freezing point. Esters of 2-ethylhexanol are similarly affected and it therefore finds application as a feedstock in the production of plasticizers and lubricants, where its presence helps reduce viscosity and lower freezing points. A significant portion of 2-ethylhexanol manufactured is used as a precursor for the synthesis of the diester bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer. Because it is a fatty alcohol, its esters tend to have emollient properties. It is also commonly used as a low volatility solvent. 2-Ethylhexanol can also be used as a cetane number booster when reacted with nitric acid. It also used to react with epichlorohydrin and sodium hydroxide to produce the glycidyl ether of the molecule which is used as an epoxy reactive diluent in various coatings, adhesives and sealants applications. It can be used in the development of photos, production of rubber and extraction of oil and gas. 2-Ethylhexanol is produced industrially by the aldol condensation of n-butyraldehyde, followed by hydrogenation of the resulting hydroxyaldehyde. About 2,500,000 tons are prepared in this way annually. The n-butyraldeheyde is made by hydroformylation of propylene, either in a self-contained plant or as the first step in a fully integrated facility. Most facilities make n-butanol and isobutanol in addition to 2-ethylhexanol. Alcohols prepared in this way are sometimes referred to as oxo alcohols. The overall process is very similar to that of the Guerbet reaction, by which it may also be produced. 2-Ethylhexanol exhibits low toxicity in animal models, with LD50 ranging from 2-3 g/kg (rat).[3] 2-Ethylhexanol has been identified as a cause of indoor air quality related health problems, such as respiratory system irritation, as a volatile organic compound. 2-Ethylhexanol is emitted to air from a PVC flooring installed on concrete that had not been dried properly. Although isooctanol (and the derived isooctyl prefix) is commonly used in industry to refer to 2-ethylhexanol and its derivatives, IUPAC naming conventions[11] dictate that this name is properly applied to another isomer of octanol, 6-methylheptan-1-ol. The Chemical Abstracts Service likewise indexes isooctanol (CAS# 26952-21-6) as 6-methylheptan-1-ol. 2-Ethylhexanol (abbreviated 2-EH) is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol. It is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. It is produced on a massive scale (>2,000,000,000 kg/y) for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers.It is encountered in natural plant fragrances, and the odor has been reported as "heavy, earthy, and slightly floral" for the R enantiomer and "a light, sweet floral fragrance" for the S enantiomer. The branching in 2-ethylhexanol inhibits its crystallization due to packing disruption; this results in a very low freezing point. Esters of 2-ethylhexanol are similarly affected and it therefore finds application as a feedstock in the production of plasticizers and lubricants, where its presence helps reduce viscosity and lower freezing points. Almost all 2-ethylhexanol manufactured is used as a precursor for the synthesis of the diester bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer. Because it is a fatty alcohol, its esters tend to have emollient properties. It is also commonly used as a low volatility solvent. 2-Ethylhexanol can also be used as a cetane number booster when reacted with nitric acid. It also used to react with epichlorohydrin and sodium hydroxide to produce the glycidyl ether of the molecule which is used as an epoxy reactive diluent in various coatings, adhesives and sealants applications. 2-Ethylhexanol is produced industrially by the aldol condensation of n-butyraldehyde, followed by hydrogenation of the resulting hydroxyaldehyde. About 2,500,000 tons are prepared in this way annually. The n-butyraldeheyde is made by hydroformylation of propylene, either in a self-contained plant or as the first step in a fully integrated facility. Most facilities make n-butanol and isobutanol in addition to 2-ethylhexanol. Alcohols prepared in this way are sometimes referred to as oxo alcohols. The overall process is very similar to that of the Guerbet reaction, by which it may also be produced.2-Ethylhexanol exhibits low toxicity in animal models, with LD50 ranging from 2-3 g/kg (rat).Although isooctanol (and the derived isooctyl prefix) is commonly used in industry to refer to 2-ethylhexanol and its derivatives, IUPAC naming conventions dictate that this name is properly applied to another isomer of octanol, 6-methylheptan-1-ol. The Chemical Abstracts Service likewise indexes isooctanol (CAS# 26952-21-6) as 6-methylheptan-1-ol. 2-ethylhexan-1-ol is a primary alcohol that is hexan-1-ol substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. It has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. xi-2-Ethyl-1-hexanol is found in alcoholic beverages. xi-2-Ethyl-1-hexanol occurs in corn, olive oil, tobacco, tea, rice, tamarind, grapes, blueberries etc. 2-Ethylhexanol is an eight-carbon branched chain oxo alcohol having a high boiling point and slow evaporation rate. It is a versatile solvent featuring excellent reactivity as a chemical intermediate. It serves as a chain terminator in synthesizing condensation polymers and as an intermediate for plasticizers. 2-Ethylhexanol has low volatility and enhances the flow and gloss of baking enamels. It is also used as dispersing agent for pigment pastes. 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol is suitable for use in a study to compare its susceptibilities of dynamic heat capacity and dielectric polarization under isothermal conditions.It may be used to study lipase-catalyzed transesterification (alcoholysis) of rapeseed oil and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in the absence of solvent. 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol may be used in broadband dielectric spectroscopy studies of the polyalcohols- glycerol, xylitol and sorbitol. It may be used in the preparation of porous beads. 2-Ethylhexanol (abbreviated 2-EH) is a fatty alcohol, an organic compound is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol. It is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. It is produced on a massive scale for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers. It is encountered in natural plant fragrances, and the odor has been reported as "heavy, earthy, and slightly floral" for the R enantiomer and "a light, sweet floral fragrance" for the S enantiomer. Solvent used below 10% in organic coating formulations when a late evaporating polar tail solvent is required. Also called isooctanol or isooctyl alcohol. 2-ethylhexan-1-ol is a primary alcohol that is hexan-1-ol substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. It has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. 2-Ethylhexanol is an eight-carbon branched chain oxo alcohol having a high boiling point and slow evaporation rate. It is a versatile solvent featuring excellent reactivity as a chemical intermediate. It serves as a chain terminator in synthesizing condensation polymers and as an intermediate for plasticizers. Eastman™ 2-Ethylhexanol has low volatility and enhances the flow and gloss of baking enamels. It is also used as dispersing agent for pigment pastes.The chemical substances for this product are listed as Inert Ingredients Permitted for Use in Nonfood Use Pesticide Products, and in Food Use Pesticide Products with limitations, under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). For details on specific permissions. The main uses for 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) is in the production of plasticisers, coatings, adhesives and other speciality chemicals.The largest market for 2-EH has been the plasticiser dioctyl phthalate (DOP) which is used in the manufacture polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. An issue for 2-EH producers is that DOP has been dogged by health hazard and environmental concerns. In Europe, DOP and some other phthalate plasticisers have been banned in children’s articles or children’s articles that can be put in their mouths.As a result, producers have been developing alternative plasticisers. For example, BASF has switched from 2-EH to 2-propylheptanol (2-PH) to make a plasticiser called di-isononyl-cyclohexane dicarboxylate (DINCH) for use in sensitive applications where exposure to toxicological and exposure issues are of concern. DINCH has received approval from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for use in food contact applications such as cling film, tubes and sealants. Citrates, or citric acid esters, are also being used as plasticisers for PVC products. Other plasticisers such as trioctyl trimellitate, dioctyl adipate and dioctyl terephthalate can be made from 2-EH and the corresponding acid. It is also used to make heavy metal salts to serve as thermal stabilizers for PVC.However, a growing area for 2-EH has been its use in the manufacture of acrylate and methacrylate esters. Their principal markets are acrylic emulsion polymers for pressure-sensitive adhesives, textiles and surface coatings, which includes high-solids automotive paints. Demand for waterborne acrylic products that replace organic solvent-based products is being driven by increasingly stringent air emission regulations.There are a number of other uses for 2-EH. It is used as a low volatility solvent for resins, waxes, animal fats, vegetable oils, disinfectants and insecticidal sprays, and petroleum derivatives. 2-EH derivatives are used as an additive for diesel fuel to reduce emissions and to improve the performance of lube oils and mining chemicals. It can be used in very low concentrations for aqueous anti-foam formulations used in the textiles and paper industries. 2-EH is used in the production of the diester of maleic acid, which is a starting material for surfactants, while it is a feedstock for 2-ethylhexyl sulphate for use as a surfactant for electrolytes.The global recession means that 2-EH is well supplied worldwide. Total production/consumption is estimated to reach a little over 2.8m tonnes in 2009, giving average utilization rates of just above 80%, according to UK-based consultant. Demand for 2-EH in China is predicted by Tecnon OrbiChem to grow at 7%/year from 2010-2015, with worldwide growth at over 2%/year in the same period. No growth and possibly some decline is expected in the US, Europe and northeast Asia (Japan, South Korea and Taiwan) as legislation in most major industrial countries move to ban DOP in certain applications and end-users switch to alternative plasticisers.As a result, DOP consumption will decline in the US and western Europe by around 5%/year and 6%/year respectively over the next 10 years, and will remain flat in northeast Asia. However, there will be need for additional DOP supplies in China and southeast Asia. Demand in China has slowed since 2006 but still forecast to grow at just over 4%/year while southeast Asia will see growth of nearly 3%/year.2-Ethyl Hexanol (2-EH) is a clear, uniform, nontoxic liquid with a characteristic odor, insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvent. It is obtained indirectly in OXO synthesis from propylene and synthesis gas.2-Ethylhexanol (abbreviated 2-EH) is a fatty alcohol, an organic compound is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol. It is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. It is produced on a massive scale for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers. It is encountered in natural plant fragrances, and the odor has been reported as “heavy, earth2-Ethylhexanol is an organic compound that derives its name from a primary alcohol known as hexan-o-l with an ethyl group at position 2. It is synonymously known as 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol or xi-2-Ethyl-1-hexanol. The molecular formula is C8H18O and this compound is commonly abbreviated as 2-EH or 2EH. The chemical is naturally found in corns, olive oil, tobacco, tea, blueberries and alcoholic beverages.The average molecular weight of this compound is approximately 130.23g/mol. 2-Ethylhexanol belongs to a class of organic compounds known as fatty alcohols, and it’s a colorless liquid that is less soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. It melts at -76° C and boils between 183-185° C and has an intense and unpleasant taste with a characteristic odor. 2-Ethylhexanol reacts violently with oxidants and strong bases while it readily forms esters with various acids. When heated or burned, the substance decomposes by emitting acrid smoke and fumes. It is a low-volatile solvent and the heat of combustion of 2-ethylhexanol is -1263.81 kcal/mol at 25° C while the heat of vaporization is about 10.8 kcal/mol at boiling point.y, and slightly floral” for the R enantiomer and “a light, sweet floral fragrance” for the S enantiomer. As with other chemicals, 2-ethylhexanol requires handling with care and implementation of safety measures. Some of the harmful effects this compound can cause if not handled appropriately include:Skin irritations, Serious eye damage or irritation, Respiratory problems when inhaled, Headaches, dizziness, nausea and fatigue. Even though 2-EH has a non-natural source, it can also be produced by the decomposition of plasticizers by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Synthetic construction materials also create it. It’s found in fruits such as cassava, raw and roasted earth almonds, raw beef and duck meat. 2-EH is less toxic to aquatic organisms and has low adverse effects on the environment. 

DESCRIPTION

The synthesis and basic properties of 2-ethylhexanol based innovative nonionic surfactants are described in this paper. 2-Ethylhexanol as an available and relatively inexpensive raw material was used as the hydrophobe source modified by propoxylation and followed by polyethoxylation. As the result, six series of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol polyalkoxylates (EHPm En ) were obtained with three steps of propoxylation, each followed by polyethoxylation and two series only with polyethoxylation (EHEn ). Two different catalysts were used, a dimetalcyanide and KOH. Values of average conversion rates and chemical content of the obtained products (GC, TG and GPC techniques) were compared. The influence of the applied catalyst and polyaddition degree on the homologue distribution, reactant conversion and amount of byproducts is discussed. The basic physicochemical parameters including refractive index, solubility in polar media, foaming properties and wettability were investigated and compared. Furthermore, surface activity parameters, i.e. surface tension (γ CMC) and critical micelle concentrations were determined. Results are compared to C12–14 alcohol ethoxylates (LaEn ). Accordingly, it was found that the studied 2-ethylhexyl alcohol based compounds are effective, low foaming nonionic surfactants.2-Ethyl hexanol is an 8-carbon higher alcohol species. It is used to make the vinyl chloride plasticizer, bis(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate. It is also used to make 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate for adhesives and paints.2-Ethyl hexanol (2EH), also called octanol, is an 8-carbon higher alcohol species. 2-Ethyl hexanol is hardly soluble in water, but is soluble in almost all organic solvents.Our 2-Ethyl hexanol has very low-level impurities and may be used as a raw material for a wide variety of chemicals.2-Eethyl hexanol is used to make plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride.  Reaction with phthalic anhydride gives   bis(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DOP, DEHP).  Reaction with adipic acid gives bis(2-ethyl hexyl) adipate. Moreover, esterification with acrylic acid gives 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate for use in adhesives and paints.On the other hand, because it can dissolve many organic materials well, 2-ethyl hexanol is widely used as a low-volatility solvent. A clear, high-boiling point and low volatility solvent with a characteristic odor. It is miscible with most organic solvents but has very limited miscibility with water. Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: outdoor use as processing aid, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters), outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids) and indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).This substance is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, coating products, fuels, hydraulic fluids, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and washing & cleaning products.Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: outdoor use as processing aid, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids) and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).