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CAS NUMBER: 10024-66-5
MOLECULAR FORMULA: C6H8O7
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 192.123
DESCRIPTION:
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula HOC(CO2H)(CH2CO2H)2.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a colorless weak organic acid.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid occurs naturally in citrus fruits.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid has a role as a food acidity regulator, a chelator, an antimicrobial agent and a fundamental metabolite.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a conjugate acid of a citrate(1-) and a citrate anion.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is frequently used in many areas of modern industry.
The chemical formula of the crystalline and colorless component, which is a very important compound in terms of meeting many needs of the ever-increasing world population, is expressed as "C6H8O7".
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, which is present in the structure of almost all plants, is involved in many of the cellular activities in nature.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, pronounced "Lemon Salt", is found in 80% of lemons used in many countries of the world and also in Turkey.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, a non-toxic component, is in crystalline form.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is most preferred in the chemical industry because it is a very separator.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, which we continue to use as an additive in our foods since the end of the 19th century, has become a component that has become increasingly widespread in the food sector.
However, although 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is the most abundant substance in lemons and some fruits, it is difficult and costly to produce 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid from fruits and vegetables, so this need is met by producing sugar.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, which is produced from sugar by yeast and various bacteria, is brought ready for use in many areas.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, which is used in canned products, is preferred because it provides long-term preservation of foods.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, which is found in many alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, is preferred as a preservative additive in other food industry products.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is easily oxidized in the case of different oxidizing substances such as hypochlorite, persulfate, permanganate, periodate, hypobromite, chromate, manganese dioxide, nitric acid.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is the widely used salt of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid compared to other salts.
The reason for the exothermic reaction is that the neutralization reaction is quite high.
One of the properties of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid that makes 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid important is that it gives many complexes to form polyvalent metal ions and chelates.
Because of this important property, citrates or 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acids are used to control metal contamination.
The metal ion, which is individually colored, is completely colorless or slightly colored when combined with citrate.
While metal ions can remain stable by chelating with 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, organic molecules can be catalytically degraded in the presence of metal ions.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid and its salt form (citrate) are commodity chemicals and are used in many industrial fields.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid has long been used as an acidulant in the manufacture of soft drinks, as an aid to the setting of jams and in other ways in the confectionery industry because of its general recognition as safe, pleasant acid taste, and high water solubility.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid has been also used as a complexing agent in metal treatment, as a monomer for functional and/or biodegradable polymers, and as a water softener in detergents, because of its organic acid, chelating, and buffering properties.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is commonly used as a food additive for natural flavoring.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is often added as an emulsifying agent and preservative.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is also added to many canned and jarred foods to help prevent botulism.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used in cosmetics and personal care products to help brighten skin, correct dark spots and minimize fine lines.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid can also be used to as preservative and to help adjust the products’ pH levels.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is commonly used as a food additive for natural flavoring and as a preservative.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is also used in cosmetics, for medical purposes, as an antioxidant and in cleaning products.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a naturally occurring acid. It is found in various fruits and vegetables. Example of citrus fruit lemon which has the highest amount of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid forms a wide range of metallic salts including complexes with copper, iron, manganese, magnesium and calcium.
These salts are the reason for its use as a sequestering agent in industrial processes and as an anticoagulant blood preservative.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is also the basis of its antioxidant properties in fats and oils where it reduces metal-catalysed oxidation by chelating traces of metals such as iron.
There are two components to its use as a flavouring the first is due to its acidity, which has little aftertaste; the second to its ability to enhance other flavours.
A process to remove sulphur dioxide from flue gases has been developed where 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used as a scrubber, forming a complex ion which then reacts with H2S to give elemental sulphur regenerating citrate.
This may become more important with increased environmental pressures.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid esters of a range of alcohols are known, the triethyl, butyl and acetyl tributyl esters are used as plasticizers in plastic films and monostearyl citrate is used instead of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid as an antioxidant in oils and fats.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is one of a series of compounds involved in the physiological oxidation of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid used in personal care products to adjust the acidity or promote skin peeling and re-growth in the case of anti-aging products.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is naturally found in citric fruits and juices, providing the characteristic acidic taste.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a crystalline white powder used in cooking to add sour flavor or adjust the acidity of a dish.
This ingredient is widely available and commonly used in food manufacturing as a preservative, but it also has many kitchen uses that we'll reveal below.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a strong organic compound with the chemical formula HOC(CH₂CO₂H)₂.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is always known as a colorless weak type of organic acid found.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is generally present naturally in citrus fruits.
In this biochemistry, 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is known as the intermediate cause involved in the 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid cycle, which occurs or is found in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is available in natural form in several fruits and vegetables.
Still, most notably, you can taste their presence in citrus fruits like lemons and lime that contain a high volume of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid might take you by surprise, but 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid can take up to 8% of the fruit's total dry weight.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is an acidulant and antioxidant produced by mold fermentation of sugar solutions and by extraction from lemon juice, lime juice, and pineapple canning residue.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is the predominant acid in oranges, lemons, and limes.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid exists in anhydrous and monohydrate forms.
The anhydrous form is crystallized in hot solutions and the monohydrate form is crystallized from cold (below 36.5°c) solutions.
Anhydrous 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid has a solubility of 146 g and monohydrate 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid has a solubility of 175 g/100 ml of distilled water at 20°c.
1% solution has a ph of 2.3 at 25°c. it is a hygroscopic, strong acid of tart flavor.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used as an acidulant in fruit drinks and carbonated beverages at 0.25-0.40%, in cheese at 3-4%, and in jellies.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used as an antioxidant in instant potatoes, wheat chips, and potato sticks, where it prevents spoilage by trapping the metal ions.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used in combination with antioxidants in the processing of fresh frozen fruits to prevent discoloration.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a weak organic acid that is known as a commodity chemical, as more than a million tonnes are produced every year by mycological fermentation on an industrial scale using crude sugar sol utions, such as molasses and strains of Aspergillus niger.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is widely distributed in plants and in animal tissues and fluids and exist in greater than grace amounts in variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably in citrus fruits such as lemon and limes.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid was also used as a chemical restrainer particularly in developers for the collodion process and in silver nitrate solutions used for sensitizing salted and albumen papers.
More than two million tons of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid are manufactured every year.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used widely as an acidifier, as a flavoring, and a chelating agent.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid appears as colorless, odorless crystals with an acid taste. Denser than water.
A citrate is a derivative of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion found in solution.
An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate.
When part of a salt, the formula of the citrate anion is written as CH5O3−7 or C3H5O(COO)3−3.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a platform chemical that can be processed into a number of high value-added products, notably acrylic acid, 1,3-propanediol (PDO), methyl acrylate, and acrylamide.
Further applications include lubricants, antistatic agents, surgical sutures, cosmetics, cleaning, and more.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is the chemical name of aspirin which is widely used as an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drug1,2.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used to reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used as a blood thinner, pain relief for mild aches, discomfort and to alleviate fever4.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a weak organic tricarboxylic acid that occurs naturally in citrus fruits5.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid has two different hydrogen bonding functions specifically hydroxyl and acid groups.
PROPERTIES:
-Molecular Weight: 247.97
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
-Rotatable Bond Count: 5
-Exact Mass: 247.961938
-Monoisotopic Mass: 247.961938
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 132 Ų
-Heavy Atom Count: 14
-Formal Charge: 2
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count:0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid can be obtained as an anhydrous (water-free) form or as a monohydrate.
The anhydrous form crystallizes from hot water, while the monohydrate forms when 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is crystallized from cold water.
The monohydrate can be converted to the anhydrous form at about 78 °C.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid also dissolves in absolute (anhydrous) ethanol (76 parts of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid per 100 parts of ethanol) at 15 °C.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid decomposes with loss of carbon dioxide above about 175 °C.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a tribasic acid, with pKa values, extrapolated to zero ionic strength, of 3.128, 4.761, and 6.396 at 25 °C.
The pKa of the hydroxyl group has been found, by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy, to be 14.4.
The speciation diagram shows that solutions of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid are buffer solutions between about pH 2 and pH 8.
In biological systems around pH 7, the two species present are the citrate ion and mono-hydrogen citrate ion.
Tables compiled for biochemical studies are available.
On the other hand, the pH of a 1 mM solution of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid will be about 3.2.
The pH of fruit juices from citrus fruits like oranges and lemons depends on the 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid concentration, with a higher concentration of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid resulting in a lower pH.
Acid salts of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid can be prepared by careful adjustment of the pH before crystallizing the compound.
The citrate ion forms complexes with metallic cations.
The stability constants for the formation of these complexes are quite large because of the chelate effect.
Consequently, it forms complexes even with alkali metal cations.
However, when a chelate complex is formed using all three carboxylate groups, the chelate rings have 7 and 8 members, which are generally less stable thermodynamically than smaller chelate rings.
In consequence, the hydroxyl group can be deprotonated, forming part of a more stable 5-membered ring, as in ammonium ferric citrate, (NH4)5Fe(C6H4O7)2·2H2O.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid can be esterified at one or more of its three carboxylic acid groups to form any of a variety of mono-, di-, tri-, and mixed esters.
BIOLOGICAL ROLES:
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid can be transported out of the mitochondria and into the cytoplasm, then broken down into acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis, and into oxaloacetate.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a positive modulator of this conversion, and allosterically regulates the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which is the regulating enzyme in the conversion of acetyl-CoA into malonyl-CoA (the commitment step in fatty acid synthesis).
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is transported into the cytoplasm, converted into acetyl-CoA, which is then converted into malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which is allosterically modulated by citrate.
High concentrations of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid can inhibit phosphofructokinase, the catalyst of a rate-limiting step of glycolysis.
This effect is advantageous: high concentrations of citrate indicate that there is a large supply of biosynthetic precursor molecules, so there is no need for phosphofructokinase to continue to send molecules of its substrate, fructose 6-phosphate, into glycolysis.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid acts by augmenting the inhibitory effect of high concentrations of ATP, another sign that there is no need to carry out glycolysis.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a vital component of bone, helping to regulate the size of apatite crystals.
APPLICATION:
-Food and drink:
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid being used to prepare lemon pepper seasoning
Because 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is one of the stronger edible acids, the dominant use of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is as a flavoring and preservative in food and beverages, especially soft drinks and candies.
Within the European Union it is denoted by E number E330.
Citrate salts of various metals are used to deliver those minerals in a biologically available form in many dietary supplements.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid can be added to ice cream as an emulsifying agent to keep fats from separating, to caramel to prevent sucrose crystallization, or in recipes in place of fresh lemon juice.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used with sodium bicarbonate in a wide range of effervescent formulae, both for ingestion (e.g., powders and tablets) and for personal care (e.g., bath salts, bath bombs, and cleaning of grease).
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid sold in a dry powdered form is commonly sold in markets and groceries as "sour salt", due to its physical resemblance to table salt.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid has use in culinary applications, as an alternative to vinegar or lemon juice, where a pure acid is needed.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid can be used in food coloring to balance the pH level of a normally basic dye.
-Cleaning and chelating agent:
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is an excellent chelating agent, binding metals by making them soluble.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used to remove and discourage the buildup of limescale from boilers and evaporators.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid lets these cleaners produce foam and work better without need for water softening.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is the active ingredient in some bathroom and kitchen cleaning solutions.
A solution with a six percent concentration of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid will remove hard water stains from glass without scrubbing.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid can be used in shampoo to wash out wax and coloring from the hair.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used to dissolve rust from steel, and to passivate stainless steels.
-Cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and foods:
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used as an acidulant in creams, gels, and liquids. Used in foods and dietary supplements, it may be classified as a processing aid if it was added for a technical or functional effect.
If it is still present in insignificant amounts, and the technical or functional effect is no longer present, it may be exempt from labeling.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid and is an active ingredient in chemical skin peels.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is commonly used as a buffer to increase the solubility of brown heroin.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used as one of the active ingredients in the production of facial tissues with antiviral properties.
OTHER APPLICATION:
The buffering properties of citrates are used to control pH in household cleaners and pharmaceuticals.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used as an odorless alternative to white vinegar for fabric dyeing with acid dyes.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a component of Benedict's reagent, used for both qualitative and quantitative identification of reducing sugars.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid can be used as an alternative to nitric acid in passivation of stainless steel.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid can be used as a lower-odor stop bath as part of the process for developing photographic film.
Photographic developers are alkaline, so a mild acid is used to neutralize and stop their action quickly, but commonly used acetic acid leaves a strong vinegar odor in the darkroom.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid/potassium-sodium citrate can be used as a blood acid regulator.
The 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is included to improve palatability
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is an excellent soldering flux, either dry or as a concentrated solution in water.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid should be removed after soldering, especially with fine wires, as it is mildly corrosive.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid dissolves and rinses quickly in hot water.
Alkali citrate can be used as an inhibitor of kidney stones by increasing urine citrate levels, useful for prevention of calcium stones, and increasing urine pH, useful for preventing uric acid and cystine stones.
USAGE:
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, which is widely used in industrial applications and different food fields, is mostly used in citrate carbonated and non-carbonated beverages.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used alone or in combination with citrate salts and used as a flavoring in low-calorie drinks, fruit juice and thirst quenching drinks.
Apart from that, in industrial production, 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is added to sugars to add sourness.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is also used in candy varieties used in pastry shops and companies selling confectionery products to increase the maximum gel strength.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used in food to increase the durability of the product.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid controls the pH.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used for flavoring in soft drinks.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used to make confectionery and medicine.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid prevents the crystallization of sugar in confectionery production.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is widely used in beverages, fermented food products, beer, wine, cheese, biscuits, Turkish delights, cakes, frozen fish, ice cream, jams, jelly, frozen potatoes, sherbets, instant soups, tomato paste and preserves.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used as an additive in bathroom and kitchen cleaners.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used in industry to remove rust from steel.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is an industrial staple in medicines and dietary supplements.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid’s added to medicines to help stabilize and preserve the active ingredients and used to enhance or mask the taste of chewable and syrup-based medications.
USAGE AREAS:
-Used as a food additive
-Used in cleaning
-Used as cosmetics
-Used in water softener
-Used in Industries
-2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used in food as a flavouring agent and preservative.
-2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used in processed food products like beverages, soft drinks etc.
-Due to its sour taste, it is used in making certain candies.
-Sometimes the sour candy is covered with white powder which is 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid.
-To keep fat globules away some ice cream companies use it as an emulsifier.
-2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is one of the chelating agents.
-With the help of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid limescale from evaporators and boilers is removed.
-2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used in soaps and laundry detergents as water is softened by the acid.
-Household cleaners used in the kitchen and bathroom also contain some amount of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid.
-2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is not only used as a cleaner but also as a deodorizer.
-2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid helps in the removal of dead skin so used for home masks.
-Improves skin tone and skin growth reducing wrinkles, acne scars etc.
-To balance the pH levels 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is commonly used as an ingredient in cosmetics.
-2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is found in hand soap, body wash, nail polish, face cleansers, shampoos and some other cosmetics products.
-2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is used as a water softener in detergents, because of its an organic acid, chelating, and buffering properties.
-The chemical properties of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid as a weak organic acid make it a strong softener for water.
-2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid operates by breaking down the trace quantities of metal discovered in water, making it an optimal all-natural option for hard water treatment.
-Industrial uses of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid include detergent manufacturing, electroplating and leather tanning
-2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is also used as a preservative for stored blood and a buffer and antioxidant in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
-Several fungal-derived acids have significant commercial value and have found wide-ranging applications in the food, feed, pharmaceutical and polymer industries.
-2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is one of the most common food preservatives and flavoring additives.
-2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid can be found naturally in citrus fruits but is also manufactured.
-2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid has many uses in food production.
-2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a flavor enhancer, preservative, and helps facilitate the ripening process.
-About 50 percent of the world’s 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid production is used as a flavor booster in beverages, and because 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is made in a powder form, it's added to dry foods such as seasoning salts, flavoring powders, and crunchy snacks when a sour flavor is desired.
SYNTHESIS:
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is a versatile precursor to many other organic compounds.
Dehydration routes give itaconic acid and its anhydride.
Citraconic acid can be produced via thermal isomerization of itaconic acid anhydride.
The required itaconic acid anhydride is obtained by dry distillation of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid.
Aconitic acid can be synthesized by dehydration of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid using sulfuric acid:
(HO2CCH2)2C(OH)CO2H → HO2CCH=C(CO2H)CH2CO2H + H2O
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
-Boiling point: 200 °C (1013 hPa)
-Density: 1.67 g/cm3 (20 °C)
-Melting Point: 153 °C (decomposition)
-pH value: 1.7 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
-Vapor pressure: <0.1 hPa (25 °C)
-Bulk density: 560 kg/m3
-Solubility: 1330 g/l
STORAGE:
Store at +2°C to +30°C.
Store 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid in its original container in a cool, dry place.
From the date of manufacturing, it has a shelf life of three years once opened and will stay stable for at least five years unopened.
SYNONYM:
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid
2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
3-Carboxy-3-hydroxy-pentanedioic acid
3-Carboxy-3-hydroxy-pentanedioicacid
Anhydrous 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, anhydrous
Citricacid
CitroCitretten
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
MFCD00011669
MFCD00149972
BETAINECITRATE
SCHEMBL379528
Betaine 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid (1:1) adduct
MFCD06411579
AKOS015917630
DS-3815
CS-019686
Anhydrous 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
Aciletten
Citro
Citretten
ChemfillHydrocerol A
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid anhydrous
Kyselina citronova
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid
2-Hydroxytricarballylic aci
Caswell No. 221C
3-Carboxy-3-hydroxypentane-1,5-dioic acid
FEMA No. 2306
F 0001 (polycarboxylic acid)
2-Hydroxypropanetricarboxylic acid
FEMA Number 2306
K-Lyte
Kyselina citronova
K-Lyte DS
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid,anhydrous
CCRIS 3292
HSDB 911
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 021801
Citricum acidum
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid monoglyceride
Uro-trainer
AI3-06286
Suby G
NSC 30279
NSC 626579
BRN 0782061
