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ALUMINIUM SODIUM SULFATE


CAS Number    : 10102-71-3   /  7784-28-3 
EC Number    : 233-277-3

Aluminum sodium sulfate  = Aluminium sodium bis(sulfate) = Sodium alum

Sodium aluminium sulfate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaAl(SO4)2·12H2O (sometimes written Na2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O). 
Also known as soda alum, sodium alum, or SAS, this white solid is used in the manufacture of baking powder and as a food additive. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate   official mineral name is alum-Na (IMA symbol: Aum-Na[3]).

Properties
Like Aluminum sodium sulfate  potassium analog, sodium aluminum sulfate crystallizes as the dodecahydrate in the classical cubic alum structure.

Sodium alum is very soluble in water, and is extremely difficult to purify. 
In the preparation of this salt, Sodium alum is preferable to mix the component solutions in the cold, and to evaporate them at a temperature not exceeding 60 °C. 
100 parts of water dissolve 110 parts of sodium alum at 0 °C, and 51 parts at 16 °C.

Production and natural occurrence
Sodium aluminum sulfate is produced by combining sodium sulfate and aluminium sulfate. 
An estimated 3000 ton/y are (2003) are produced worldwide.

The dodecahydrate is known in mineralogy as alum-(Na).
Two other rare mineral forms are known: mendozite (undecahydrate) and tamarugite (hexahydrate).

In the US, some brands combine sodium aluminum sulfate with sodium bicarbonate and monocalcium phosphate in formulations of double acting baking powder.
Kawahara et al 1994 noted that aluminum is “a suspected risk factor in Alzheimer's disease” and that “aluminum directly influences the process of Alzheimer′s disease”.

Sodium alum is also used as an acidity regulator in food, with E number E521.
Sodium alum is also a common mordant for the preparation of hematoxylin solutions for staining cell nuclei in histopathology.
Sodium alum is also used as a flocculant in water treatment and disinfection, but its relatively crude, caustic action makes it more suitable for industrial applications.

Names
IUPAC name
        Aluminium sodium bis(sulfate) — water (1:12)
Other names
         Sodium alum
         Soda alum
         E521

Identifiers
CAS Number    : 10102-71-3 
                                       7784-28-3 (dodecahydrate) 
ChemSpider    : 22972
ECHA InfoCard    :100.030.239
EC Number    : 233-277-3
E number    : E521 (acidity regulators, ...)
PubChem CID    : 24939
UNII    : 0CM6A697VV 
                     1224CG79TA (dodecahydrate) 
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)    : DTXSID60890626 

Properties
Chemical formula    :NaAl(SO4)2·12H2O
Molar mass    :458.28 g/mol
Appearance    :white crystalline powder
Density    :1.6754 (20 °C)
Melting point    :61 °C (142 °F; 334 K)
Solubility in water    :208 g/100 ml (15 °C)
Refractive index (nD)    :1.4388

Structure
Crystal structure    :Cubic, cP96
Space group    :Pa3, No. 205
Lattice constant:   a = 1221.4 pm
Coordination geometry    :Octahedral (Na+)
                                                          Octahedral (Al3+)
Hazards
Flash point    :non-flammable

Related compounds
Other cations    :Ammonium aluminium sulfate
                                      Potassium aluminium sulfate


Sodium aluminum sulphate appears as a colorless crystalline solid. 
Used in textiles, paper making, water purification, food processing.

What is Sodium Aluminium Sulfate (SAS)?
Sodium aluminum sulfate is a white, free-flowing powdered material that occurs as colorless crystals. 
Sodium Aluminum Sulfate is a leavening acid used in baking powders; prepared institutional and retail cake, cookie, and biscuit mixes; muffins; self-rising flour and baking mixes.

SAluminum sodium sulfate is also used as a:
Buffer
Neutralizing agent
Stabilizing agent
Firming agent
Replacement in yeast foods
Composition
SAS composition
Chemical structure of SAS.
Function
SAS is commonly used in combination with monocalcium phosphate in double-acting baking powders. 
Sodium alum does not react with baking soda until it is-above 140 oF.

In chocolate cake production, SAS will impart a light milk chocolate color to the crumb. 
In english muffins, SAS-based baking powders release gas quickly when the muffin is deposited onto a hot griddle which creates the desired large gas holes.
In tortillas, SAS promotes blistering which imparts a tender texture to the tortilla. 
SAS is unfortunately high in sodium.

Commercial Production
SAS is produced by the reaction of sodium sulfate and aluminum sulfate.

Application
SAS should be used in conjunction with baking soda.
Aluminum sodium sulfate most common application would be in double-acting baking powder.

SAS is a leavening acid commonly found in baked goods.
Aluminum sodium sulfate has a neutralizing value of 104 and very slow reaction rate. 
The neutralizing value of leavening acids is the ratio of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to 100 parts of acid leavener that will bring about complete carbon dioxide release or “neutralization.” 
Adjusting the amount of leavening acid to baking soda can raise (decrease acid amount) or lower (increase the acid amount) the pH of the finished product, if desired.

When applying SAS as the leavening acid, the acid-to-base ratio has an important effect on final product quality. 
Research found that when preparing tortilla, the acid-to-base ratio influences the opacity, pH, rollability, shelf-stability, specific volume, extensibility of the final product.

Aluminum Sodium Sulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes. 
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. 
Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. 
Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. 
Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar cells and fuel cells.


Compound Formula    AlNaO8S2
Molecular Weight    242.096508
Appearance    Colorless crystals or white powder
Melting Point    61 °C
Boiling Point    330 °C
Density    1.67 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O    N/A
Exact Mass    241.874767
Monoisotopic Mass    241.874767


Sodium aluminum sulfate (SAS), also known as sodium alum, a type of alum that is used in baking powder with the European food additive number E521. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate  primary uses are in bakery and its purpose is as a slow-acting leavening acid in baking powder. 

How is Sodium Aluminum Sulfate Made?
SAS can be commercially produced by the reaction of sodium sulfate solution with aluminum sulfate solution. 
The following is the chemical reaction equation:
Al2(SO4)3·18H2O+Na2SO4+6H2O→2[AlNa(SO4)2·12H2O]

Property
Other names    Aluminum sodium sulfate, Soda alum
CAS number    7784-28-3
Chemical formula    AlNa(SO4)2 · H2O (anhydrous), AlNa(SO4)2 · 12H2O (Dodecahydrate)
Molecular weight    242.09 (anhydrous)
Solubility
Dodecahydrate is freely soluble in water, while the anhydrous form is slowly soluble in water. 
Both types are insoluble in ethanol.

Is sodium aluminum sulfate basic or acidic?
Aluminum sodium sulfate is a weak acid. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate dissociates Al3+ when dissolved in water and reacts with water to release H+. 
The following is the reaction equation:
Al3+ + 3H2O — AI(OH)3 + 3H+

What’re the Uses of Sodium Aluminum Sulfate?
SAS primarily functions as a leavening acid in baked goods such as in the production of cake, pancakes, cookie, biscuit, and muffins. 
This ingredient can also be used as a PH regulator and firming agent in food. 

However, Aluminum sodium sulfate is not widely used and usually not used alone as it almost doesn’t react with baking soda at room temperature. 
Meanwhile, its uses in food are decreasing over time in Europe due to the change in legislation coming into force in February 2014, where the applications are only in two categories: candied cherries and only egg white. 

SAS is a slow-acting leavening acid and commonly mixed with monocalcium phosphate (a fast-acting leavening acid), baking soda (alkali) and corn starch (moisture absorber) as double-acting baking powder. 
Double-acting baking powder contains two types of leavening acids, which react with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide at different times during baking. 

The first acid (monocalcium phosphate) reacts with sodium bicarbonate immediately when mixed with the water. 
Sodium aluminum sulfate reacts with baking soda with the condition of oven heat because a higher temperature is needed to make SAS dissolved in water so that reaction can take place.

The reaction principle of SAS with baking soda:
Al3+ + 3HCO3- — AI(OH)3 +3CO2

The following food may contain Aluminum sodium sulfate:
Cakes, pastries, donuts, crackers and pies
Tortillas
Cheese (to increase its acidic nature)
Confectioneries
Cereal flours 
Is Sodium Aluminum Sulfate Safe to Eat?
Yes, the safety of SAS as a food additive has been approved by authorities, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), UK Food Standards Agency, as well as the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).

FDA
Aluminum sodium sulfate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) in food when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

EFSA
Sodium aluminum sulfate (E521) is listed in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 as an authorised food additive and categorized in “ Additives other than colours and sweeteners”.

Safety re-evaluation in 2018
EFSA concluded that sodium aluminum sulfate has no safety concern in the current authorised uses and use levels. 
Meanwhile, aluminium compounds have low bioavailability, low acute toxicity, and no concern with genotoxicity & carcinogenicity. 

JECFA 
Acceptable daily intake: No ADI allocated since 1978. 

What’re the possible Side Effects of Sodium Aluminum Sulfate?
SAS is generally considered safe, but aluminium in Aluminum sodium sulfate is the critical component that may cause possible health risks such as Alzheimer. 

If you’re worried about the safety, you can check the bakery ingredient list to avoid it and sodium aluminum phosphate (another common slow-acting leavening acid) or choose aluminum-free baking powder.

Conclusion
Now you may have a knowledge of the leavening acid – Sodium aluminum sulfate (E521), from the following aspects:

Production process
Uses in baking powder
Safety
Side effects
Do you have any questions or your own experience regarding the food containing it? 
Let me know in the comments.

Aluminum Sodium Sulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes. 
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal.
Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. 
Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. 
Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar energy materials and fuel cells.

Chemical Properties
Colorless crystals; saline, astringent taste; effloresces in air. 
Soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. Noncombustible.

Uses
Aluminum Sodium Sulfate is a general purpose food additive that functions as a buffer, neutralizing agent, and firming agent. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate is anhydrous and slowly soluble in water. 
The dodecahydrate form is readily soluble in water. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate is also termed soda alum.

Uses
Sodium Aluminum Sulfate is a leavening agent that releases the majority of the gas during baking, and is not used alone but in com- bination with a faster-acting leavening agent such as monocalcium phosphate. 
this results in a double-acting baking powder. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate is almost nonreactive until heat is applied. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate is used in baked goods.
General Description
A colorless crystalline solid. Used in textiles, paper making, water purification, food processing.
Air & Water Reactions
Solid effloresces in air. Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
SODIUM ALUMINUM SULFATE gives acidic solutions in water.

Health Hazard
Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. 
Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. 
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. 
Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. 
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

Fire Hazard
Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. 
Some may be transported hot.

Safety Profile
A weak sensitizer. A general-purpose food addtive. 
Local contact may cause contact dermatitis. An irritant. 
See also SULFATES and ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS. 
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SO, and Na2O.

CAS Number: 10102-71-3
Formula Weight: 242.10
Formula: NaAl(SO4)2
Density (g/mL): 1.7
Solubility: Water
Synonyms: Sodium Alum, Sodium Aluminum Sulfate
Shelf Life (months): 36
Storage: Green

We are the leading manufacturer and exporter of the best quality range of Sodium Aluminium Sulphate that is used in processing and making of different kinds of baked food and other food items. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate is precisely processed by our experienced professionals making use of the superior quality of chemical compounds and the ultra-modern processing techniques according the set industry standards. 
To ensure its quality at our clients’ end, our quality experts check it on different parameters. 
Moreover, clients can avail this chemical from us at reasonable prices.

USES
IN FOOD INDUSTRY :
The SODIUM ALUMINIUM SULPHATE, is a high neutralizing powder leavening agent used in bakery, is slow for reacting in the dough mixing and preparing cycles, even though, Aluminum sodium sulfate reacts quickly in the oven cycle, evolving most of the Carbon Dioxide, as a reaction product with the Sodium Bicarbonate present in the baking powder formulation. 
The SODIUM ALUMINIUM SULPHATE forms a very good dual system with Mono calcium Phosphate in double action baking powders. 
The SODIUM ALUMINIUM SULPHATE use , is the best way to enhance the properties of the baking powders, and, at the same time to reduce the formulation costs for baking powders producers.

IN GENERAL:
The SODIUM ALUMINIUM SULPHATE is used to dye and to print fibers, in the preparation of inks, paper, vegetable gum, cement, porcelain, cement, tannery, water purification, in sugar mills, and also as Ammonia synthesis catalyst.

Features :
Uniform composition

Free from impurities
Effective usage

OTHER USE AND INDUSTRIES
Sodium aluminum sulfate is used to clarify water.

Specification
Product Name    :    Sodium Aluminium Sulphate
Molecular wt    :    243.05
Physical Structure    :    White to off crystalline powder
Equivalent Bi Carbonate    :    100%+-2%
Al203 Content    :    14.53%
Na Content    :    7.68%


Also known as Aluminum Sodium Sulfate, Soda Alum, SAS etc.Applications:
In Cakes, pastries, donuts, crackers and pies, Pizza breads as a slow acting leavening agent
Blistering action in Tortillas
In Double Acting Baking Powder 
In Cheese to increase its acidic nature
In Confectioneries 
In Water clarification

Aluminum Sulfate
Aluminum SulfateAluminum Sulfate – Important and Useful
In order to understand aluminum sulfate, it is necessary to know its uses, which include firefighting foam, sewage treatment, water purification, and paper production. 
The processes used to produce aluminum sulfate involve combining sulfuric acid with other substances such as bauxite and cryolite. 
Depending on the industry, it is known as alum or papermaker’s alum.

Chemical Qualities
Aluminum sulfate is white or off-white crystals or powder. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate is not volatile or flammable. 
It has a low pH when combined with water making it capable of burning skin or corroding metal, is water soluble, and able to hold water molecules. 
When added to alkaline water, it forms aluminum hydroxide, Al (OH)3, as precipitate. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate can be found naturally in volcanoes or mining waste dumps.

Its uses
The list of uses of aluminum sulfate is very long  and includes bug killers for the garden, adding bulk to paper sheets in paper manufacturing, and a foaming agent in fire extinguishers. 
Water purification plants depend on aluminum sulfate to remove impurities. 
The chemical reaction between it and contaminates causes the contaminates to solidify and be filtered out. 
Sodium aluminum sulfate is found in baking powder, self-rising flour, and cake and muffin mixes. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate is used in multiple industries serving a wide variety of purposes.

Dangers and Warnings
When aluminum sulfate is mixed with water, it forms sulfuric acid that burns human skin and eyes. 
Contact with the skin causes a red rash, itching, and a burning feeling while inhalation irritates the lungs and throat.  
When inhaled, it immediately causes coughing and shortness of breath. 
Eating aluminum sulfate has an extremely negative effect on the intestinal lining and stomach. 
In most cases, a person will start vomiting, be nauseous, and have diarrhea.

Ammonium SulfateTreatments
Treatments for aluminum sulfate poisoning or contact with it are common and practical precautions regarding contact with any toxic substance. 
If it gets on your skin or in your eyes, the exposed area should be immediately flushed for several minutes or until the feeling of irritation goes away. 
When it is inhaled, you should move away from the area of the fumes and breath fresh air several times. 
Ingestion of aluminum sulfate requires the victim to force vomiting to get the poison out of the stomach. 
As with any hazardous chemical, steps should be taken to avoid exposure especially if aluminum sulfate is mixed with water.

Methods of Storage and Shipping
Aluminum sulfate has been classified by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as a hazardous substance. 
When Aluminum sodium sulfate is stored, it should have a hazardous chemical label and be placed in a cool, dry area away from other chemicals and substances. 
After it has been removed from storage, the area must be cleaned, swept, and washed thoroughly as well as be treated with an appropriate solvent. 
Caution should be taken in areas that have been moistened and contain aluminum sulfate. 
They will become slippery because of its water absorption qualities.

Environmental Risks
Environmental spills of aluminum sulfate should be cleaned immediately. 
In its crystal or powdered state, it can easily be removed and contained. 
Spillages on soil will be difficult to clean and guarantee complete removal. 
Due to its acidity, aluminum sulfate significantly contaminates and pollutes areas for wild life and vegetation. 
As with humans, when it is mixed with water, aluminum sulfate will burn plants and animals.

Aluminum sodium sulfate many applications of aluminum sulfate make it essential that users have an understanding of the dangers involved in its use and handling. 
The CERCLA has detailed information regarding proper procedures for handling, shipping, and cleaning spills. 
Careful study of the provided safety information will be beneficial to people and the environment.

Sodium aluminium sulfate, NaAl(SO4)2·12H2O or Na2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O, also known as soda alum or sodium alum, is a form of alum used in the acidity regulator of food (E521) as well as in the manufacture of baking powder

Sodium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as post-transition metal sulfates. 
These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is sulfate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is a post-transition metal. 
Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on Sodium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate.

Functions:
1. Acidity Regulator / Buffering Agent - Changes or maintains the acidity or basicity of food/cosmetics.
2. Binder / Stabilizer - Retains the physical characteristics of food/cosmetics and ensure the mixture remains in an even state.
Sodium aluminum sulfate, also known as soda alum, sodium alum, or SAS, can be combined with sodium bicarbonate and monocalcium phosphate in typical formulations of double acting baking powder. 
Sodium alum acts as an acid which is activated at baking temperatures.
Sodium alum is also used as an acidity regulator in food, with E number E521. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate is approved to use as food additive in EU

Description
Colorless crystals or white granules. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate, or soda alum, is used as a mordant for textile dyeing. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate dis also used for paper sizing, and as a filler in ceramics, inks, and paints.

Synonyms and Related Terms
aluminum sodium sulphate (Br.); SAS; sodium aluminum sulfate; soda alum; sodium alum

Description
Aluminum sodium sulfate is one of the most often widely used leavening agent, added to baking powder, which brings out carbon dioxide in batter and dough. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate is commonly used in cakes, muffins and biscuits. As food ingredient, it is often labeled as food additive E521. 
Also known as Aluminum Sodium Sulfate, Soda Alum, SAS etc.Applications:
In Cakes, pastries, donuts, crackers and pies, Pizza breads as a slow acting leavening agent
Blistering action in Tortillas
In Double Acting Baking Powder 
In Cheese to increase its acidic nature
In Confectioneries 
In Water clarification

Aluminum Sodium Sulfate Powder FCC is a fine white anhydrous powder with an astringent, saline taste. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate can be used as a buffer, neutralizing agent or firming agent primarily in confectionery products, baked goods and baking powders.

Title: Aluminum Sodium Sulfate
CAS Registry Number: 10102-71-3
Molecular Formula: AlNaO8S2
Molecular Weight: 242.10
Percent Composition: Al 11.14%, Na 9.50%, O 52.87%, S 26.49%
Line Formula: NaAl(SO4)2
Literature References: Prepn: Gmelins, Aluminum (8th ed) 35B, p 378-384 (1934).
 
Derivative Type: Dodecahydrate
Additional Names: Sodium alum; soda alum
Properties: Colorless crystals or white granules or powder. d 1.61. mp about 60°. 
Sol in 1 part water. 
Practically insol in alc.
Melting point: mp about 60°
Density: d 1.61
 
Use: Industrially, like aluminum potassium sulfate.
Therap-Cat: Astringent.
Therap-Cat-Vet: Astringent.
Keywords: Astringent.

Agent Name: Aluminum sodium sulfate
Alternative Name: Sodium alum, anhydrous
CAS Number : 10102-71-3
Formula: Al.2H2-O4-S.Na
Major Category: Metals
Aluminum sodium sulfate formula graphical representation
Synonyms: Sodium alum, anhydrous; Aluminum sodium sulfate (AlNa(SO4)2); Aluminum sodium sulfate, NaAl(SO4)2; Soda alum; Sodium alum; Sodium aluminum sulfate; Sodium aluminum sulfate (NaAl(SO4)2); Sulfuric acid, aluminum sodium salt (2:1:1); 
Category: Metals, Inorganic Compounds
Description:  Dodecahydrate: Colorless solid; Effloresces in air; White odorless powder; Soluble in water; 
Sources/Uses: Used in textiles (mordant and waterproofing), ceramics, tanning, matches, and inks; Also used in paper sizing (precipitant), sugar refining, water purification, food additives, engraving, and veterinary medications (dusting powder on wounds, astringent, hemostatic agent, and oral treatment of laminitis in horses); [HSDB]
Comments: May cause eye irritation; [HSDB] May cause irritation; 
The dodecahydrate is CAS # 7784-28-3 (sodium alum); See "Aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate." See "Aluminum."

The individual contribution of aluminum sulfate and sodium aluminate for improving drainage and retention properties of fibrous suspensions lias showed limited success as a retention aid. 
In industrial practice, alum and sodium aluminate additions are often not optimized for retention chemistry, but rather are added to control pH and to precipitate rosin for internal sizing. 
In this thesis work, the simultaneous addition of these alumin~unc ompounds was invesligated to study its effect on drainage and fine particle retention. Significant improvements in drainage rates and fines retention were observed for simultaneous aluminum addition compared to the individual contribution from each compound. 
Drainage rates were measured for recycled and mechanical pulps. 
Drainage rates were characterized by measuring the freeness using the Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF) test and also by determining the viscous drainage resistance coefficient using a dynamic drainage apparatus. 
For both methods, maximum drainage and retention occurred when a 40160% aluminum sulfate/sodium aluminate ratio was introduced into the pulp. 
The pH of each system also affected the drainage characteristics and degree of retention. 
Optimum drainage and retention occurred when the system operated at a pH of 4.5. 
At this pH level, a soluble alumina +4 polynler, A18(OH)20+4, was formed and had been shown to function as an effective retention and drainage aid. 
To utilize simultaneous aluminum sulfate (alum) and sodium aluminate as a drainage and retention system, Aluminum sodium sulfate is recommended that both aluminum compounds are added to a level such that the headbox stock is at or near the isoelectric point. 
Since the pH of the system will vary with the level and ratio of alum and sodium aluminate added to the system, Aluminum sodium sulfate is recommended that the pH of the system be controlled separately with the addition of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, carbonic acid, or caustic. 
The alum-sodium aluminate system is thought to function by having the system at the isoelectric point of the stock. 
To achieve the desired pH it is important that the pH be controlled independently. 
Viscous drainage resistance and retention coefficients were measured for four drainage apparatus configurations and stirring speeds ranging from 0 to 1500 rpm. 
A baffle-and-impeller configuration provided the best drainage geometry and the highest retention compared to the other systems. 
The drainage resistance coefficients increased with the basis weight of the deposited mat for all systems. 
Fine particle entrapment in the mat during the drainage process may contribute to the increase in resistance.

AlNa(SO4)2· 12H2O Colorless crystals with an astringent taste and a melting point of 61°C; soluble in water; used as a mordant and for waterproofing textiles, as a food additive, and for matches, tanning, ceramics, engra


Re‐evaluation of aluminium sulphates (E 520–523) and sodium aluminium phosphate (E 541) as food additives
The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provided a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of aluminium sulphates (E 520–523) and sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (E 541) as food additives. 
The Panel considered that adequate exposure and toxicity data were available. 
Aluminium sulphates (E 520–523) and sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (E 541) are permitted as food additives in only a few specific products and the exposure is probably near zero. 
Aluminium compounds have low bioavailability and low acute toxicity. 
There is no concern with respect to genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. 
The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for aluminium compounds in subchronic studies was 52 mg Al/kg body weight (bw) per day in rats and 90 mg Al/kg bw per day in dogs and the lowest NOAEL for neurotoxicity in rats was 30 mg Al/kg bw per day and for developing nervous system was 10–42 mg Al/kg bw per day in studies in mice and rats. 
The Panel concluded that aluminium sulphates (E 520–523) and sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (E 541) are of no safety concern in the current authorised uses and use levels.


Is aluminium sodium sulfate high in histamine?
Aluminum sodium sulfate not clear if aluminium sodium sulfate is suitable for a low histamine diet. 
While additives like aluminium sodium sulfate tend to be low in histamine and other amines, they can sometimes trigger the release of the body’s existing, natural histamine. 
Some additives may also limit the effectiveness of DAO, the enzyme that degrades histamine and other amines.

Sodium Aluminum Sulfate
Alum is used as a coagulating agent in municipal and industrial water and wastewater treatment and as an additive in papermaking, Pharm. 
Grade, Pharmaceutical, Research, Manufacturing applications, Uses include as a leavening agent, neutralizing agent, firming agent, buffer, stabilizing agent, clarifier, bleaching agent in applications such as baking powders, institutional and retail bakery mixes and goods, canned and pickled products, various cerea, Water treatment and industrial applications

Method for preparing liquid aluminium sulphate
The production method of liquid aluminium sulphate
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of Chemicals, specifically a kind of production method of liquid aluminium sulphate.
Background technology
Produce Tai-Ace S 150 with existent chemical raw materials, have the production cost height, to the strict problem of the conditional request of temperature, pressure.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to develop a kind of production method of liquid aluminium sulphate, is with industrial waste aluminium ash and the sulfur waste acid raw materials for production as alum in this kind production method.
What the present invention will solve is existing Tai-Ace S 150 production cost height, the problem strict to temperature, pressure.
Production stage of the present invention is: sulfur waste acid is dropped in the reactor, and water is regulated useless vitriolic concentration then, progressively adds the aluminium ash again, makes it to react, and the temperature during reaction is controlled between the 50C-90C; After reaction finished, the color and luster situation of observing response liquid as coloured, then dropped into discoloring agent, removed look and handled, and then refiltered, and as colourless, the reaction solution direct filtration just could; The filtered liquid of gained is a liquid aluminium sulphate.
Advantage of the present invention: low production cost, raw material sources are abundant.
Embodiment
Production stage of the present invention is: earlier sulfur waste acid is dropped in the acid-resistant tank, progressively add the aluminium ash again, make it to react, the temperature during reaction is controlled between the 50C-90C.
After reaction finished, the color and luster situation of observing response liquid as coloured, then dropped into the discoloring agent activated carbon and removes look, except that the reaction solution behind the look filters with the multilayer filter cloth; 
As colourless, reaction solution directly filtered with the multilayer filter cloth just can; 
The filtered liquid of gained is a liquid aluminium sulphate.
The used sulfur waste acid of the present invention should be adjusted to suitable concentration with sulfur waste acid water according to the sulfuric acid content in the sulfur waste acid before adding the reaction of aluminium ash, then according to the sulfur waste acid concentration of adjusting and measure the corresponding aluminium ash of rational proportion again.
Then carry out above-mentioned reaction again.

Sodium aluminium sulfate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaAl(SO4)2·12H2O (sometimes written Na2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O). 
Also known as soda alum, sodium alum, or SAS, this white solid is used in the manufacture of baking powder and as a food additive. 
Like its potassium alum, sodium aluminum sulfate or sodium alum crystallizes as the dodecahydrate in the classical cubic alum structure. 
Sodium alum is very soluble in water, and is extremely difficult to purify. 
Sodium alum is also used as an acidity regulator in food, with E number E521. 
Sodium Aluminium Sulphate or Sodium Alum is used in formulations of double acting baking powder.

Specifications and properties of Commercial Pure Sodium Aluminium Sulphate or Sodium Alum or Soda Alum:
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Relative density: 1.67
Solubility: Easily soluble in water.
Melting point: 61C.

Aluminum Sodium Sulfate FCC Food Grade:
Soda Alum; Sodium Alum
AlNa(SO4)2 Formula wt, anhydrous 242.09
AlNa(SO4)2·12H2O Formula wt, dodecahydrate 458.29
INS: 521 CAS: anhydrous [10102-71-3]
CAS: dodecahydrate [7784-28-3

DESCRIPTION
Aluminum Sodium Sulfate occurs as colorless crystals, white granules, or a powder. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate  is anhydrous or may contain up to 12 molecules of water of hydration. 
Aluminum sodium sulfate anhydrous form is slowly soluble in water. 
The dodecahydrate is freely soluble in water, and it effloresces in air. 
Both forms are insoluble in alcohol.
Function: Buffer; neutralizing agent; firming agent.

REQUIREMENTS
Identification: A sample responds to the flame test for Sodium, and gives positive tests for Aluminum and for Sulfate.
Assay: Anhydrous: Not less than 99.0% and not more than 104.0% of AlNa(SO4)2 after drying; Dodecahydrate: Not less than 99.5% of AlNa(SO4)2 after drying.
Ammonium Salts: Passes test.
Fluoride: Not more than 0.003%.
Lead: Not more than 3 mg/kg.
Loss on Drying: Anhydrous: Not more than 10%; Dodecahydrate: Not more than 47.2%.
Neutralizing Value: Anhydrous: Between 104 and 108.
Selenium: Not more than 0.003%.


Synonyms
10102-71-3
ALUMINUM SODIUM SULFATE
Sodium aluminium sulfate
Sulfuric acid, aluminum sodium salt (2:1:1)
UNII-0CM6A697VV
0CM6A697VV
Aluminum sodium disulfate
Aluminium sodium bis(sulphate)
HSDB 571
EINECS 233-277-3
Aluminum sodium sulfate, NaAl(SO4)2
Aluminum sodium sulfate (AlNa(SO4)2)
L-CYSTEICACID
Sodium aluminum sulfate (NaAl(SO4)2)
Al.Na.2SO4
aluminum(III) sodium sulfate
5453AF
FT-0622240
Q413559


 

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