Quick Search
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) has lower density and freezing point than the related compound dibutyl phthalate (DBP).
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is a colorless transparent oily liquid used as an alternative to DBP (Dibutyl Phthalate).
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is used in nitrocellulose and alkyd resin paints.
CAS Number: 84-69-5
Molecular Formula: C16H22O4
Molecular Weight: 278.34
EINECS Number: 201-553-2
Synonyms: Diisobutyl phthalate, DIBP, 84-69-5, Palatinol IC, Isobutyl phthalate, Hexaplas M/1B, Kodaflex DIBP, Di-iso-butyl phthalate, Phthalic acid diisobutyl ester, Di(i-butyl)phthalate, Hatcol DIBP, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove, DTXSID9022522, isobutyl-o-phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, bis(2-methylpropyl) phthalate, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, di-2-methylpropyl phthalate, AI3-04278 (USDA), IZ67FTN290, CHEBI:79053, NSC-15316, DTXCID602522, 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, RefChem:587819, DI(ISOBUTYL) 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLATE, 201-553-2, Phthalic Acid Diisobutyl Ester, NSC 15316, MFCD00026480, di-l-butyl phthalate (DIBP), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid di(2-methylpropyl) ester, Phthalic acid bis-isobutyl ester, CAS-84-69-5, SMR000112470, CCRIS 6193, HSDB 5247, EINECS 201-553-2, BRN 2054802, UNII-IZ67FTN290, Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech], AI3-04278, bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, diisobutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, Di-Iso-Butyl Phthalate, Isobutyl phthalate (VAN), EC 201-553-2, Diisobutyl phthalate 99%, SCHEMBL42787, 4-09-00-03177 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MLS000516002, MLS002152902, BIDD:ER0640, 1 bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, SCHEMBL6953673, SCHEMBL6954134, CHEMBL1370662, SCHEMBL29387332, Diisobutyl ester of phthalic acid, HMS2269D07, Phthalic acid bis-iso-butyl ester, NSC15316, Tox21_202429, Tox21_300612, AKOS015837516, Di(isobutyl)-1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, Diisobutyl phthalate (ACD/Name 4.0), MSK1119-1000H, WLN: 1Y1&1OVR BVO1Y1&1, NCGC00091360-01, NCGC00091360-02, NCGC00091360-03, NCGC00091360-04, NCGC00254487-01, NCGC00259978-01, NS00010605, P0298, ST50405544, G77491, Q162259, Diisobutyl phthalate Solution in Hexane 1000 µg/mL, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid di(2-methylpropyl) ester, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, 2-methylpropyl 2-[(2-methylpropyl)oxycarbonyl]benzoate, Bis(2-methoxypropyl)ester 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, Phthalic acid bis-isobutyl ester 10 µg/mL in Cyclohexane, Diisobutyl phthalate certified reference material TraceCERT(R), Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove;Hexaplas M/1B;Isobutyl phthalate;Kodaflex DIBP;Palatinol 1C;Palatinol IC;Uniplex 155;DIISOBUTYL PHTHALATE FOR SYNTHESI
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is synthesized by reaction of phthalic anhydride with isobutanol.
Various acids are used as a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, sulfonated graphene, or iron(III) chloride.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) can be done by enzymes, bacteria, and other microorganisms in the environment to form phthalic acid and isobutyl alcohol.
This can lead to the breakdown and the eventual degradation of Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) in the soil and water supply.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) can undergo photodegradation by exposure to the sunlight.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is a phthalate ester having the structural formula C6H4(COOCH2CH(CH3)2)2.
It is formed by the esterification of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride.
This and other phthalates are used as plasticizers due to their flexibility and durability.
They are found in many industrial and personal products, such as lacquers, nail polish and cosmetics.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) can be absorbed via oral ingestion and dermal exposure.
When it comes to excretion, Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is first converted into the hydrolytic monoester monoisobutyl phthalate (MIBP).
The primary excretory route is urine, with biliary excretion being noted in minor amounts.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) can be degraded by microorganisms in soil and in the water.
This can transform it into other compounds such as phthalic acid and various isobutyl alcohol derivatives.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) can adsorb or sorb onto soil and sediment particles, which can limit its mobility and availability for biological or chemical degradations and reactions.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) can be oxidized in the presence of ozone or other reactive oxygen species. The formation of various oxidation products, including aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids can be expected.
These reactions can impact the persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity in the environment and may have implications for human and ecosystem health.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is a diisobutyl phthalate.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) can be used as a replacement for dibutyl phthalate due to lower production costs.
It is compatible with PVC, Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is used in adhesives.
Another type of pathway affected by Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) exposure is the cytokine-cytokine receptor pathway.
There are two pathways affected: the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) and the prolactin receptor pathway, both of which affect spermatogenesis.
In zebra fish, there are two types of TNFRSF: tnfrsf1a and tnfrsf1b, the latter of which is down-regulated by Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP).
Tnfrsf1b is involved in regeneration and tissue repair and its down-regulation has been shown to increase apoptosis of sperm cells.
Prolactin (PLR) on the other hand is up-regulated as a result of Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) exposure.
Prolactin has many roles, including roles in cell regeneration and regulation of the male reproductive system.
High PLR concentrations as a result of phthalate exposure has been linked to reduced sperm concentrations in both adult men and zebra fish.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP), is an organic chemical compound that belongs to the family of phthalate esters.
It is formed by the esterification of phthalic acid with isobutanol, resulting in a colorless, oily liquid with a faint, characteristic odor.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is known for its ability to increase the flexibility, softness, and durability of plastic materials, making it a widely used plasticizer in industry.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) has the molecular formula C₁₆H₂₂O₄ and a molecular weight of approximately 278.35 g/mol.
It is practically insoluble in water but miscible with most organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and acetone.
Under normal conditions, it is stable and non-volatile, though it can slowly decompose when exposed to strong oxidizing agents or excessive heat.
In appearance, Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is a clear and colorless liquid with a low vapor pressure and high boiling point.
It shares structural similarities with other phthalates like Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) but has a slightly branched isobutyl structure that alters its physical behavior.
This structural modification affects its viscosity and compatibility with different types of polymers.
The compound is commonly produced on an industrial scale through catalytic esterification or transesterification processes.
These methods involve controlled reactions between phthalic anhydride and isobutanol in the presence of acid catalysts.
The final product is purified through distillation to ensure high purity for use in various applications.
Although Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) has many industrial advantages, it is classified as a substance of concern due to its toxicological profile.
Studies have shown that prolonged or excessive exposure may interfere with hormonal balance and reproductive health.
As a result, its use is restricted or banned in toys, childcare items, and cosmetic products in many regions worldwide.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) a phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of isobutanol.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is manufactured by esterifying phthalic anhydride and isobutanol in the presence of sulfuric acid.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) has been used as a solvent-blender-diluent but is now of little interest since Diethyl phthalate is available in an odourless grade and at a very low cost.
Melting point: −64 °C
Boiling point: 327 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.039 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Pour point: −45 °C
Vapor pressure: 11.2–1470 Pa at 100 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.49 (lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
Solubility: Slightly soluble in chloroform and methanol
Form: Liquid
Color: Colorless to light yellow
Odor: Practically odorless when pure
Viscosity: 36–40.95 mm²/s
Water solubility: Insoluble
Freezing point: −50 °C
BRN: 2054802
InChIKey: MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 4.11–4.45 (20–30 °C)
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) enhances the workability and spreadability of coatings, improving their resistance to cracking and peeling.
In adhesives, Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) increases flexibility and adhesion strength, which is valuable in the production of paper, leather, and plastic products.
In addition to its role as a plasticizer, DIBP serves as a processing aid in rubber and polyurethane manufacturing.
It improves elasticity, prevents brittleness, and helps maintain product integrity during temperature fluctuations.
Its compatibility with many polymers allows it to blend easily into production processes without significantly altering chemical stability.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) consists of two isobutyl groups attached to the phthalate core, creating a branched structure that reduces volatility.
This feature makes it more thermally stable and less prone to evaporation compared to lower molecular weight phthalates.
As a result, materials containing DIBP retain their flexibility for longer periods under varying environmental conditions.
From a physical standpoint, it has a boiling point of around 320°C and a low freezing point, ensuring stability in diverse applications.
Its density at room temperature is approximately 1.04 g/cm³, and it possesses a refractive index close to 1.49.
These properties make it particularly useful in formulations that require transparency, chemical resistance, and prolonged service life.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) reacts with acids to liberate heat along with isobutyl alcohol and phthalic acid.
May react sufficiently exothermically with strong oxidizing acids to ignite the reaction products.
Heat is also generated by interaction with caustic solutions.
Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing with alkali metals and hydrides.
A study conducted on rats shows that high dosage of DIBP administered by gavage to pregnant female rats between gestational days (GD) 6 and 20, exhibited signs of embryotoxicity and teratogenicity.
The growing male reproductive system was negatively impacted by Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP), which is typical for phthalate esters.
When phthalates are exposed in utero during the process of male sexual differentiation, a phenotype known as "phthalate syndrome" is created.
This syndrome is characterized by underdevelopment of the male reproductive system, decreased anogenital distance (AGD), retention of the nipple in a female-like manner, and germ cell toxicity, among other things.
Therefore, these effects can be connected to decreased insulin-like-3 (INSL3) hormone, which controls transabdominal testicular descent, decreased androgen production in the testicles, which is essential for male sexual development, and disruption of seminiferous cord formation, Sertoli cells, and germ cell development via an unknown mode of action (MOA).
Sulfonated graphene is a heterogeneous catalyst that has several advantages over traditional liquid acids like sulfuric acid.
Sulfonated graphene can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and can be reused multiple times without reduction in activity.
Furthermore, sulfonated graphene is environmentally friendly, as it does not produce hazardous waste materials that are typically generated during the use of traditional liquid acid catalysts.
This method has a 95% yield.
Lewis acids, such as FeCl3, can also be used as the catalyst.
The Lewis acid catalysis process can be run at lower temperatures (50-100 °C), and gives a yield of 86%.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is clear, colourless, oily liquid form with a mild odor.
It is insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) can be sold as a pure substance or as a component of mixtures with other phthalate plasticizers or chemicals.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) may be used as a component in formulations of several products including adhesives, paints, coatings and lubricants.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) also may be present in consumer products such as toys, vinyl flooring, food packaging, and as a plasticizer or as a component of plastic formulations.
In many of these products Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is now prohibited to be used in formulations according to REACH.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) raises environmental and health concerns.
It can leach out from finished products and contaminate soil, water, and air due to its semi-volatile nature.
Once released, it can persist in the environment and accumulate in organisms, posing risks to ecosystems and human health.
Toxicological studies have identified Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) as an endocrine-disrupting chemical capable of interfering with hormonal function.
Exposure through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact has been linked to developmental and reproductive toxicity in laboratory animals.
Consequently, its use is increasingly regulated under environmental protection and chemical safety directives in many countries.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is quickly metabolized and excreted through urine, with metabolites reaching peak concentrations 2–4 hours after administration.
The main metabolite of Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), which makes up 70% of the excretion products.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) can be oxidized to either 2OH-mono-isobutyl phthalate (2OH-MiBP) or 3OH-mono-isobutyl phthalate (3OH-MiBP), which make up 20% and 1% of the excretion products respectively.
These reactions are likely catalyzed by cytochrome P450 in the liver.
The ratio between Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) and the oxidized metabolites changes depending on the amount of time that has passed since exposure.
The ratio between Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) and 2OH-MiBP and that between MiBP and 3OH-MiBP show a similar trend. With the ratios being high, around 20-30:1, shortly after exposure and dropping gradually as more time passes to rest around 2-5:1.
Therefore, a high ratio of oxidized metabolites to the monoester metabolite suggests that there was recent exposure to Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP), within a few hours of measuring, while a lower ratio suggests that there has been more time since exposure.
In addition to oxidation, Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) can also undergo a glucuronidation reaction, resulting in the metabolite MiBP-glucuronide.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is a versatile chemical widely employed as a plasticizer to impart elasticity and softness to otherwise rigid materials.
Its primary role is to improve the mechanical properties of polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cellulose acetate, and other synthetic resins.
Because of its efficiency and cost-effectiveness, it is often used as an alternative to Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) in various industrial formulations.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) exhibits excellent solvating properties that make it suitable for use in paints, adhesives, sealants, and printing inks.
Uses Of Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP):
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) also helps maintain adhesive performance under thermal and mechanical stress.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is also used as a plasticizer in rubber and polyurethane formulations.
It improves elasticity and workability, ensuring that rubber products remain soft and resilient.
Such applications are found in gaskets, hoses, and flexible coatings for industrial equipment.
In the printing industry, Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) acts as a solvent and viscosity modifier for inks.
It improves color dispersion, adhesion, and durability of printed surfaces.
This makes it suitable for gravure, flexographic, and screen printing processes.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is occasionally used in the production of paper coatings and artificial leather.
It provides smooth texture, flexibility, and resistance to cracking or delamination.
These characteristics make it valuable in decorative laminates and coated fabrics.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) can also function as a processing aid in polymer and resin synthesis.
It helps regulate polymer viscosity during processing and enhances the uniformity of material structure.
This use improves product quality and manufacturing efficiency.
In laboratory and analytical chemistry, Diisobutyl phthalate is used as a reference standard or calibration compound.
It is included in environmental monitoring and toxicological testing for phthalate analysis.
Its consistent chemical behavior makes it suitable for studying phthalate migration and degradation.
Historically, it was also found in cosmetics and personal care formulations as a solvent and fixative.
It helped improve texture, film formation, and fragrance retention in nail polishes and hair sprays.
However, due to toxicity concerns, this use has been largely discontinued in most countries.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) serves as a multifunctional additive that enhances performance, flexibility, and processing stability across many industrial sectors.
Its chemical versatility allows it to replace or complement other phthalate plasticizers in complex formulations.
Despite increasing restrictions, it remains a benchmark compound in materials science and regulatory research.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is a Dialkyl phthalate ester phthalate plasticizer which can be used as a substitute of dibutyl phthalate.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) as well as other phthalates have genotoxic effects and studies shown an increase in its monoester metabolite in human urine over the years.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is used as a plasticizer additive in a range of plastic and rubber materials.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) has low volatility, which makes it ideal for use in products that require long-lasting flexibility, e.g. automotive parts, wire and cable insulation, and flooring.
It is dense and water-insoluble.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) has been found to be relatively non-toxic, but high levels of exposure to the compound may cause irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.
However, in recent years, concerns have been raised about the potential health risks of exposure to phthalates, including Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP).
Therefore, several countries have restricted or even banned the use of certain phthalates in products.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) has been detected in various environmental matrices, such as air, water, and sediment.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is known to bioaccumulate in certain aquatic species.
Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is primarily used as a plasticizer in the manufacturing of flexible plastics.
It provides elasticity, softness, and improved mechanical strength to polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and cellulose derivatives.
By reducing brittleness, it extends the life and usability of plastic materials in various applications.
In the coatings industry, Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is added to paints, varnishes, and lacquers to enhance gloss, flexibility, and film formation.
It improves the flow characteristics of coatings and prevents cracking during drying or temperature changes.
Because of these properties, it is commonly used in nitrocellulose lacquers and acrylic-based finishes.
In adhesive and sealant production, Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) increases bonding strength and flexibility.
It enhances the adhesion of materials like paper, leather, and plastics, making it ideal for industrial and household glues.
Safety Profile Of Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP):
Biomonitoring studies show that exposures to DIBP have grown recently, presumably as a result of DIBPs use as a substitute for other phthalates such as Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) in plastics.
In the United States, for instance, the prevalence of MIBP detection in urine has risen from 72% of the general population in 2001–2002 to 96% in 2009–2010, according to data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route.
Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects, combustible when exposed to heat or flame.
To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical, when heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.
There's insufficient data to determine if Di Iso Butyl Phthalate (DIBP) is associated with acute dermal or inhalation toxicity, eye or dermal irritation, or sensitization.
There is evidence on DIBP being a subchronic toxicant.
Exposure to the compound can induce changes in body weight, liver weight, reproductive effects, and developmental effects like testicular weight, spermatogenesis, fetal body weight, anogenital distance in male and female rats, and testicular testosterone production, among others.
