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E 110 Sunset Yellow is slightly soluble in 95% ethanol.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is used in various food items including dessert powders, cereals, bakery goods, snack foods, confectionery products, maraschino cherries, sausage, ice cream, sherbet, dairy products, and beverages.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is also used in cosmetics, ingested and externally applied drugs and dietary supplements.
CAS Number: 2783-94-0
Molecular Formula: C16H13N2NaO7S2
Molecular Weight: 432.4
EINECS Number: 220-491-7
Synonyms: Sunset Yellow FCF, 2783-94-0, Food yellow 3, Sunset yellow, C.I. Food Yellow 3, FD&C Yellow 6, Orange Yellow S, SUN Yellow, 1325-37-7, Cilefa Orange S, Yellow 6, FD & C Yellow No. 6, FD&C Yellow No. 6, Twilight Yellow, Gelborange-S, Yellow sun, Para Orange, C.I. Direct Yellow 11, Yellow Orange S, Yellow S, Orange PAL, Acid Yellow TRA, Sun Yellow G, Sunset Yellow FU, Dye Sunset Yellow, Alabaster No. 3, Orange II R, SUN Yellow FCF, Food Yellow No.5, Orange Yellow S.fq, Yellow SY for food, Dye FDC Yellow No. 6, Eurocert Orange FCF, Sun Orange A Geigy, SUN Yellow A-CE, Sunlight Yellow FCF, Yellow No. 6, Acid Food Yellow 3, D and C Yellow 6, FD&C yellow no.6, SUN Yellow A-FDC, Dolkwal Sunset Yellow, Eniacid Sunset Yellow, FD and C Yellow 6, Vitasyn Orange, Sunset Yellow FCF 6, Curcumine S, 1351 Yellow, 1899 Yellow, Gelborange-S [German], HD Sunset Yellow FCF, Usacert Yellow No. 6, Direct Yellow A, Direct Yellow F, Direct Yellow K, Direct Yellow T, Edicol Supra Yellow FC, Sunset Yellow FU Supra, Zomine Yellow R, Atul Sunset Yellow FCF, Carta Yellow G, SUNSET YELLOW 6, Azomine Yellow R, Diazine Yellow R, Erie Yellow A, Erie Yellow F, Erie Yellow R, Paper Yellow RF, Erie Yellow FP, Erie Yellow SR, FD and C No. 6, Direct Yellow MR, Direct Yellow TG, L. Orange Z2010, Maple Sunset Yellow FCF, Sunset Yellow FCF Supra, Yellow EMBL, Benzanil Yellow R, Diphenyl Yellow G, Hispamin Yellow F, A.F. Yellow No. 5, C.I. 15985, Erie Yellow 2RF, Fenamin Yellow TP, Fixanol Yellow GS, Iredale Yellow RD, Wogenal Yellow CG, Cresotine Yellow A, SUN Yellow Extra Pure A, Trisulfon Yellow G, Hexacol Sunset Yellow FCF, Airedale Yellow RD, Aizen Food Yellow No. 5, Stilbene Yellow TK, Stilbene Yellow TR, Vondacel Yellow RN, Canacert Sunset Yellow FCF, Certicol Sunset Yellow CFS, FD and C Yellow No. 6, Paramine Yellow 2R, Trisulfon Yellow GF, E110, Tetrodirect Yellow A, Calcomine Yellow 2G, Food Yellow No. 5, Standacol Sunset Yellow FCF, Azine Fast Yellow A, Benzo Fast Yellow A, CI Yellow 11, HD Sunset Yellow FCF Supra, CCRIS 170, Diazol Fast Yellow A, Direct Fast Yellow A, E 110 (dye), Nippon Fast Yellow A, Direct Stilbene Yellow, Direct Yellow Stilbene, Manil Fast Yellow AN, Amanil Fast Yellow AN, Diamine Fast Yellow A, Direct Fast Yellow AC, Bencidal Fast Yellow X, Carta Yellow G 180, Pheno Fast Yellow 95, Yellow Orange S Specially Pure, KCA Foodcol Sunset Yellow FCF, Chrome Leather Yellow A, Hexacol Sunset Yellow FCF Supra, Chrome Eather Yellow TG, Diphenyl Fast Yellow FA, HSDB 4136, Paramine Fast Yellow GR, Chlorazol Paper Yellow R, Sunset Yellow Lake, Yellow Orange Specially Pure 85, C.I. Acid Yellow 62, NCI-C53907, SUN Yellow Extra Conc. A Export, E 110, Atlantic Stilbene Yellow GA, EINECS 220-491-7, C.I. Food Yellow 3, disodium salt, Kansai Direct Fast Yellow A, Nankai Direct Fast Yellow A, Peeramine Stilbene Yellow GA, Chrome Leather Fast Yellow A, Naphthalene Leather Yellow GL, CCRIS 4808, CI 15985, CRELBORANGE S, DTXSID6021456, HSDB 5525, NCI-C60888, C.I. 40000, EINECS 215-393-6, MFCD00036437, CI-FOOD YELLOW 3, Sunset Yellow (E110), SUNSET YELLOW [FCC], CI 40000, 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-((p-sulfophenyl)azo)-, disodium salt, 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-, disodium salt, H77VEI93A8, INS NO.110, SUNSET YELLOW FCF [MI], 1-p-Sulfophenylazo-2-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid, disodium salt, 1-p-Sulphophenylazo-2-naphthol-6-sulphonic acid, CHEBI:82538, SUNSET YELLOW FCF [IARC], Disodium salt of 1-p-sulphophenylazo-2-naphthol-6-sulphonic acid, INS-110, EC 220-491-7, 1-p-Sulfophenylazo-2-hydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate, disodium salt, DTXCID101131536, F D & C YELLOW NO. 6, SUNSET YELLOW FCF [MART.], COLOUR INDEX NO. 15985, FD&C YELLOW NO. 6 [II], FD&C YELLOW NO. 6 [FCC], 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-, disodium salt, 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-, disodiumsalt, 6-Hydroxy-5-((4-sulphophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulphonic acid, disodium salt, 6-Hydroxy-5-((p-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, disodium salt, 6-Hydroxy-5-((p-sulphophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulphonic acid, disodium salt, C.I. FOOD YELLOW 3 [HSDB], CI-15985, STILBENE YELLOW, Food Yellow 3;Orange Yellow S;CI 15985, E-110, Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((4-sulphonatophenyl)azo)naphthalene-2-sulphonate, Sodium 6-hydroxy-5-((4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate, CI-(1975)-NO.15985, 6-Hydroxy-5-((p-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid disodium salt, disodium;6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate, CI (1975) NO. 15985, L-Orange 2, Solar radiation color, SUNSET YELLOW FCF (IARC), Orange Yellow S. AF, Orange Yellow S. FQ, jaune soleil, SUNSET YELLOW FCF (MART.), FD&C YELLOW NO. 6 (II), gelborange S, jaune orange s, Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulphonatophenyl)azo]naphthalene-2-sulfonate, disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(Z)-(4-sulfophenyl)azo]naphthalene-2-sulfonate, sunset yellow bss, orange no.2, 2-NAPHTHALENESULFONIC ACID, 6-HYDROXY-5-((E)-(4-SULFOPHENYL)AZO)-, DISODIUM SALT, 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-(2-(4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl)-, sodium salt (1:2), DISODIUM SALT OF 6-HYDROXY-5-((4-SULFOPHENYL)AZO)-2-NAPHTHALENESULFONIC ACID, SB-332532-X, orange yellow s.af, yellow sf for food, CAS-2783-94-0, Usacert FD&C Yellow No. 6, Zlut potravinarska 3 [Czech], Food Yellow 3:1, fd & c yellow 6, Zlut potravinarska 3, dye fdc yellow lake 6, foodcol sunset yellow fcf, hexacol sunset yellow fcp, dispersed orange 11348, dispersed yellow 12116, fd & c no. 6, F D & C Yellow #6, UNII-H77VEI93A8, fd and c yellow lake no. 6, GelborangeS, usacert fd & c yellow no. 6, cDy6 compound, 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]-, sodium salt (1:2), Jaune orange FCF, hexacol sunset yellow f & f supra, usalake fd & c yellow no. 6 lake, Amarillo ocaso FCF, SUN Yellow ACE, SUN Yellow AFDC, acid, disodium salt, SUNSETYELLOWFCF, 1342-59-2, YELLOW SY, ALABASTER NO 3, JAPAN YELLOW 5, WATER YELLOW 2, ORANGE YELLOW SFQ, Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonate, YELLOW NO 6, ORANGE YELLOW 85, C.I. 15-985, YELLOW 6 [INCI], 6-Hydroxy-5-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, disodium salt, DYE YELLOW NO. 6, FDC YELLOW NO. 6, C ORANGE 10, AIZEN FOOD YELLOW 5, USACERT YELLOW NO 6, D&C YELLOW NO. 6, JAPAN YELLOW NO. 5, DYE FDC YELLOW NO 6, L ORANGE Z2010, SUNSET YELLOW [INCI], L ORANGE Z 2010, ORIENT WATER YELLOW 2, SCHEMBL142458, SCHEMBL340828, DYE DC YELLOW NO 6, FD AND C YELLOW NO 6, VITASYN ORANGE RGL 90, CHEMBL1371409, D AND C YELLOW NO. 6, DTXSID8025206, SCHEMBL13276157, MSK2421, CI Food Yellow 3Orange Yellow S, TXVRKNUZLYFDTJ-DDVLFWKVSA-L, TXVRKNUZLYFDTJ-KZYDBBBVSA-L, D&C YELLOW NO. 6 [II], DYE FD & C YELLOW LAKE 6, DYE FD & C YELLOW NO. 6, Tox21_201897, Tox21_300407, AKOS037643322, ORANGE RGL CONC. SPECIALLY PURE, disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate, NCGC00164189-01, NCGC00254299-01, NCGC00259446-01, AS-13885, DA-67860, 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-, F0145, NS00075658, 1pSulfophenylazo2hydroxynaphthalene6sulfonate, C19531, D92234, EN300-383225, 6Hydroxy5((4sulfophenyl)azo)2naphthalenesulfonic, 6Hydroxy5((psulfophenyl)azo)2naphthalenesulfonic, 1pSulphophenylazo2naphthol6sulphonic acid, disodium, 6Hydroxy5((4sulfophenyl)azo)2naphthalenesulphonic, 6Hydroxy5((psulphophenyl)azo)2naphthalenesulphonic, Q410095, Alkaline condensation of 4nitrotoluene2sulfonic acid, Disodium salt of 1psulphophenylazo2naphthol6sulphonic, 1pSulfophenylazo2naphthol6sulfonic acid, disodium salt, 6Hydroxy5((psulfophenyl)azo)2naphthalenesulfonic acid, Benzenesulfonic acid, 2methyl5nitro, alk. Cond. Products, Disodium 6hydroxy5((4sulfophenyl)azo)2naphthalenesulfonate, Disodium 6hydroxy5((4sulphonatophenyl)azo)naphthalene2sulphonate, 2Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6hydroxy5((4sulfophenyl)azo), disodium salt, 2Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6hydroxy5((4sulfophenyl)azo), disodiumsalt, 2Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6hydroxy5((psulfophenyl)azo), disodium salt, DISODIUM SALT OF 1-P-SULFOPHENYLAZO-2-NAPHTHOL-6-SULPHONIC ACID, 6-HYDROXY-5-((4-SULFOPHENYL)AZO)-2-NAPHTHALENESUL, SUNSET YELLOW;SUNSET YELLOW FCF;Sodium (E)-6-hydroxy-5-((4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate;Water Yellow 2;1-(Phenylazo)-2-naphthol-4',6-disulfonic acid disodium;1-(p-Sodiosulfophenylazo)-2-hydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid sodium;Sunset Yellow FCF,Food Yellow 3;6-Hydroxy-5-[2-(4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]-2-naphthalenesulfonic Acid SodiuM Salt
E 110 Sunset Yellow is a petroleum-derived orange azo dye with a pH-dependent maximum absorption at about 480 nm at pH 1 and 443 nm at pH 13, with a shoulder at 500 nm.
When added to foods sold in the United States, it is known as FD&C Yellow 6; when sold in Europe, it is denoted by E Number E110.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is principally the disodium salt of 6-hydroxy5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-napthalenesulfonic acid.
The trisodiumsalt of 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2,7-napthal-enedisul- fonic acid may be added in small amounts.
The colorant is an orange powder that dissolves in water to give a solution yellow-orange at neutrality or in acid and red-brown in base.
When dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid, it yields an orange solution that turns yellow when diluted with water.
E 110 Sunset Yellow, is a synthetic yellow dye widely used in the food, beverage, and cosmetics industries.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is primarily utilized to impart a bright yellow color to a variety of products, such as candies, soft drinks, sauces, and cosmetics like shampoos and lotions.
The chemical compound is derived from a class of chemicals known as azo dyes, which are characterized by the presence of a nitrogen-nitrogen double bond (azo group).
Sunset Yellow is often referred to by its E number (E 110) in Europe, which signifies its approval for use in food and drink products within the European Union.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is also recognized as E 110 Sunset Yellow in the United States, where it is permitted for use in food products.
This dye is known for its bright, vibrant orange-yellow hue, which makes it a popular choice for coloring processed foods and drinks.
However, there have been concerns regarding the safety of Sunset Yellow, particularly in relation to its potential to cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
E 110 Sunset Yellow has been linked to hyperactivity in children, leading to warnings on labels in some countries, and it has been the subject of scientific debate and regulatory review over the years.
Despite these concerns, E 110 Sunset Yellow is generally considered safe by major food safety authorities, such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), provided it is used within the established safe limits.
E 110 Sunset Yellow, is a water-soluble synthetic dye commonly used to color a range of products, including beverages, snacks, processed foods, and even cosmetics.
E 110 Sunset Yellow belongs to the azo dye family, characterized by its distinctive chemical structure with an azo group (-N=N-), which imparts color to the substances it is applied to.
The chemical formula for Sunset Yellow is C16H10N2Na2O7S2, and it has the International Number CI 15985 in the Color Index system.
In food products, E 110 Sunset Yellow is often employed to provide a vibrant yellow-orange hue, making it particularly suitable for use in brightly colored products such as fizzy drinks, candies, processed cheeses, and baked goods.
It is also used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics to add color to pills, creams, and lotions, ensuring a visually appealing product.
One key feature of E 110 Sunset Yellow is its ability to dissolve in water, which enhances its versatility across various product formulations.
This allows it to be used in liquid-based products like soft drinks or syrups, as well as in solid products like confectioneries and ice creams.
It is also frequently found in personal care products, where it is used to add color to items like soaps, shampoos, deodorants, and makeup products.
Melting point: 390 °C (dec.)
Boiling point: 162.4 °C
Density: 0.474–0.588 [at 20 °C]
Storage temp.: Amber Vial, Refrigerator
Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol
Colour Index: 15985
pKa: 0 [at 20 °C]
Form: Crystals
Color: Orange-red
Odor: Odorless
Water Solubility: 5–10 g/100 mL at 24 °C
λmax: 480 nm
ε (extinction coefficient): ≥20000 at 479–485 nm in H₂O
Merck: 14,9001
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Biological Applications: Medical devices; treating bone metabolic diseases, dermatological disorders, mitochondrial diseases, respiratory illness
LogP: –0.244 to –0.046 at 25–26 °C
E 110 Sunset Yellow is an azo compound.
Azo, diazo, azido compounds can detonate.
This applies in particular to organic azides that have been sensitized by the addition of metal salts or strong acids.
Toxic gases are formed by mixing materials of this class with acids, aldehydes, amides, carbamates, cyanides, inorganic fluorides, halogenated organics, isocyanates, ketones, metals, nitrides, peroxides, phenols, epoxides, acyl halides, and strong oxidizing or reducing agents.
Flammable gases are formed by mixing materials in this group with alkali metals.
Explosive combination can occur with strong oxidizing agents, metal salts, peroxides, and sulfides.
Red light yellow to colourful yellow orange.
Soluble in water for yellow light red clarified solution, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in grease.
The strong sulfuric acid in red for orange, yellow as diluted.
Dye with strong hydrochloric acid solution of color; Add thick sodium hydroxide solution is palm red light.
Has the characteristics of acid dyes, can make the animal fiber direct shading.
"European Parliament and Council Directive 94/36/EC of 30 June 1994 on colours for use in foodstuffs" harmonized rules and approved E 110 Sunset Yellow for use in foodstuffs in the whole of the European Union.
Before that time, approved amounts was up to each country, but naming and composition was standardized.
E 110 Sunset Yellow was not approved in Norway before 2001.
That was the time when the 94/36/EC directive of 1994 was included in EFTA (now EEC) rules and came into effect, after years of delaying tactics from the Norwegian side and a heated political debate.
In 2008, the Food Standards Agency of the UK called for food manufacturers to voluntarily stop using six food additive colours, tartrazine, allura red, ponceau 4R, quinoline yellow WS, sunset yellow and carmoisine (dubbed the "Southampton 6") by 2009, and provided a document to assist in replacing the colors with other colors.
An EU regulation came into effect in 2010 mandating that food manufacturers include a label on foods containing the Southampton 6 stating: "may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children".
Despite its widespread usage, concerns over its safety have been raised due to its potential links to hyperactivity and allergic reactions in certain individuals, particularly children. Some studies have suggested that consumption of certain food colorings, including E 110, may be associated with an increase in behavioral problems in children, leading to the inclusion of warning labels on products containing this dye in the European Union.
These labels inform consumers that the product may have adverse effects on children's activity and attention.
The safety of E 110 Sunset Yellow is regulated by various international bodies.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have conducted assessments and established acceptable daily intake levels to ensure that its use remains within safe limits.
For instance, EFSA has determined that a safe level of E 110 Sunset Yellow is 4 mg per kg of body weight, while the FDA sets similar guidelines for its acceptable consumption.
Although E 110 Sunset Yellow is generally regarded as safe for consumption within these regulated limits, some regions have imposed restrictions or even banned its use due to consumer concerns about its potential health effects.
Consequently, there are ongoing debates regarding its long-term health impact, particularly in large quantities or with prolonged exposure.
As consumer awareness of food additives grows, manufacturers are increasingly opting for natural coloring alternatives, although E 110 Sunset Yellow continues to be a cost-effective and stable option for coloring products.
Since the 1970s and the well-publicized advocacy of Benjamin Feingold, there has been public concern that food colorings may cause ADHD-like behavior in children.
These concerns have led the FDA and other food safety authorities to regularly review the scientific literature, and led the UK FSA to commission a study by researchers at Southampton University of the effect of a mixture of the "Southampton 6" and sodium benzoate (a preservative) on children in the general population who consumed them in beverages; the study was published in 2007.
The study found "a possible link between the consumption of these artificial colours and a sodium benzoate preservative and increased hyperactivity" in the children; the advisory committee to the FSA that evaluated the study also determined that because of study limitations, the results could not be extrapolated to the general population, and further testing was recommended".
The European regulatory community, with a stronger emphasis on the precautionary principle, required labelling and temporarily reduced the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for the food colorings; the UK FSA called for voluntary withdrawal of the colorings by food manufacturers.
However, in 2009 the EFSA re-evaluated the data at hand and determined that "the available scientific evidence does not substantiate a link between the color additives and behavioral effects" and in 2014 after further review of the data, the EFSA restored the prior ADI levels.
The US FDA did not make changes following the publication of the Southampton study, but following a citizen petition filed by the Center for Science in the Public Interest in 2008, requesting the FDA to ban several food additives, the FDA commenced a review of the available evidence, and still made no changes.
Uses:
E 110 Sunset Yellow is a colorant.
It has good stability to changes in ph, showing no appreciable change at ph 3–8.
It has excellent solubility in water with a solubility of 19 g in 100 ml at 25°c.
E 110 Sunset Yellow has moderate stability to light, fair stability to oxidation, good stability to heat, and shows appreciable change in 10% sugar systems.
E 110 Sunset Yellow has a reddishyellow hue and has good tinctorial strength.
It has moderate compatibility with food components and is used in beverages, bakery goods, dessert confections, and ice cream.
Provisionally listed for use in food, drugs and cosmetics.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is useful in fermented foods which must be heat treated.
E 110 Sunset Yellow may be found in orange sodas, orange jelly, marzipan, Swiss rolls, apricot jam, citrus marmalade, lemon curd, sweets, hot chocolate mix and packet soups, trifle mix, breadcrumbs, snack chips, shelf fresh noodles, cheese sauce mixes.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is a sulfonated ver sion of Sudan I, a possible carcinogen.
E 110 Sunset Yellow itself may be responsible for causing an allergic reaction in people with an aspirin intolerance, resulting in various symptoms, including gastric upset, diarrhea, vomiting, nettle rash (urticaria), swelling of the skin (angioedema) and migraines.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is used in foods, cosmetics, and drugs.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is used as an orange or yellow-orange dye.
For example, it is used in candy, desserts, snacks, sauces, and preserved fruits.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is often used in conjunction with E123, amaranth, to produce a brown colouring in both chocolates and caramel.
E 110 Sunset Yellow, is a synthetic dye widely used across various industries, particularly in the food and beverage sector.
It is primarily employed to impart a bright yellow to orange color to a range of products, including but not limited to beverages, snacks, confectionery, processed foods, and bakery goods.
Its vibrant hue is particularly sought after for products like fizzy drinks, candies, fruit juices, and desserts, where it enhances the product's visual appeal and attracts consumers with its eye-catching color.
In addition to food products, E 110 Sunset Yellow is used extensively in the pharmaceutical industry.
It is often found in tablets, capsules, and syrups, where it serves to distinguish between different types of medications, making them easier to identify.
The dye’s ability to dissolve in water also makes it suitable for use in liquid formulations, such as cough syrups and liquid vitamins, where it provides a consistent, appealing color.
This helps not only in visual identification but also in branding and marketing, where colored tablets or syrups can be made more recognizable and desirable to consumers.
The cosmetics and personal care industries also make use of E 110 Sunset Yellow for coloring various products.
It is commonly included in soaps, shampoos, lotions, lipsticks, and other makeup products. The dye’s ability to give products an attractive, vibrant color without altering their consistency or stability makes it an ideal ingredient for many beauty products.
Whether for creating appealing colors in makeup or adding a cheerful tint to toiletries like shampoos, E 110 Sunset Yellow plays a significant role in the aesthetic appeal of cosmetic products.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is used in the textile and leather industries, where it is applied as a colorant for various materials.
Its bright, stable coloring properties allow it to be used in dyeing fabrics and leather goods, ensuring a consistent, vibrant finish that lasts through wear and washing.
This makes it particularly useful in the production of clothing and accessories, where color retention is key.
In the petroleum and chemical industries, E 110 Sunset Yellow is sometimes employed as a coloring agent in products like industrial lubricants, paints, and coatings.
Its stability and vibrant hue make it an ideal choice for creating visually distinct products in these sectors, where color can often be used for identification or aesthetic purposes.
Despite its widespread usage, the use of E 110 Sunset Yellow is carefully regulated, especially in food products, to ensure that consumers are not exposed to unsafe levels of the dye.
Many countries have set limits on the amount of E 110 Sunset Yellow that can be included in food products, and some require labeling to alert consumers to its presence, particularly in the European Union, where there are specific guidelines for its use in children's products.
While generally recognized as safe within these limits, the dye’s use in products intended for children or those with sensitive health conditions may be more carefully scrutinized.
E 110 Sunset Yellow has a variety of additional uses beyond food and cosmetics, and it plays an important role in several niche applications.
In the pharmaceutical sector, E 110 Sunset Yellow is frequently used as a colorant for syrups, tablets, and capsules, allowing for a visually distinct and appealing product that can be easily recognized by patients and healthcare providers.
The dye's bright and vibrant yellow-orange color is commonly seen in antacids, pain relievers, and vitamin supplements, where it enhances the user experience and improves product identification.
In the agriculture and horticulture industries, E 110 Sunset Yellow has been utilized in the form of plant growth regulators or dyes for seedlings and greenhouse materials.
Its ability to provide clear and visible color markers makes it useful in plant research, where precise tracking and identification are necessary.
Moreover, it can be used in agricultural applications where color-coding can help distinguish various treatments, fertilizers, or seed varieties, ensuring better management and tracking of agricultural processes.
Another interesting application for E 110 Sunset Yellow is in the printing and textile industries, where it is used as a colorant in inks and printing dyes.
The dye’s vibrant shade is ideal for creating bold, striking designs, especially in the food packaging, labels, and advertising sectors.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is employed to enhance visual appeal and grab consumer attention on retail shelves.
In textiles, E 110 Sunset Yellow is used in dyeing fabrics and garments, contributing to the vibrant and appealing colors of clothing and upholstery materials.
It helps textile manufacturers to produce colors that are both aesthetically pleasing and consistent across different batches of fabric.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is also found in industrial and chemical products such as paints, coatings, and varnishes.
Its ability to maintain stability and vibrancy even in harsh industrial environments makes it suitable for use in products where long-term color retention is needed.
For instance, E 110 Sunset Yellow is sometimes included in traffic paints and road markings to provide high visibility in outdoor environments.
Similarly, in the automotive sector, the dye can be used in car paint to achieve vibrant, eye-catching finishes that stand out.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is also part of various textile and leather treatments that aim to impart a rich color to synthetic fabrics, leather goods, and footwear.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is often used to create fashionable and durable colors in items like shoes, belts, bags, and other accessories, ensuring a consistent and appealing hue over time, even after exposure to wear and tear.
In the arts and crafts industry, E 110 Sunset Yellow can be found in colored markers, paints, and crayons, offering artists and children alike an easy and vibrant color option for their creations.
E 110 Sunset Yellows application in such products ensures that they not only perform well in terms of color quality but also maintain the aesthetic appeal of artwork and crafts.
While the primary uses of E 110 Sunset Yellow remain within food and consumer products, it also finds applications in more specialized fields such as laboratory research and forensic analysis.
For instance, E 110 Sunset Yellow can sometimes be used in staining procedures in scientific labs, where its distinct and bright hue helps visualize certain materials or biological specimens under study.
Similarly, in forensic investigations, the dye can be used for color-coding evidence or substances, allowing for more efficient tracking of samples.
Despite its broad use, there has been some controversy surrounding its safety, with certain health concerns raised regarding potential links to hyperactivity in children, especially when consumed in large quantities or in combination with other artificial colorants.
As a result, some countries have imposed strict regulations on its use in food products, especially for those intended for children.
In the European Union, products containing E 110 Sunset Yellow must include a warning label stating that it may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.
Other countries, such as the United States, regulate its use through the FDA, ensuring that it is only included in food and beverages within approved levels.
E 110 Sunset Yellow in applications ranging from food products to industrial materials, combined with its vibrant color and stable properties, ensures its continued use across diverse industries.
However, its potential health effects require ongoing scrutiny to ensure its safe use, particularly in products aimed at children or sensitive populations.
Safety Profile:
Low toxicity by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes mutation data reported.
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is that it can cause allergic reactions in some individuals, especially those with sensitivities to artificial food colorants.
These reactions may include symptoms such as skin rashes, hives, or itchiness.
In rare cases, some people may experience more severe reactions, such as swelling of the face or difficulty breathing.
These responses are more likely to occur in individuals with pre-existing sensitivities to azo dyes.
Numerous studies have raised concerns about the potential link between E 110 Sunset Yellow and increased hyperactivity in children, especially when consumed in combination with other artificial colorants, such as tartrazine (E 102).
This phenomenon is often referred to as the "yellow dye syndrome", and it has been suggested that certain children may experience behavioral changes, including increased impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have recommended that children should avoid excessive consumption of foods containing artificial colorants like E 110 Sunset Yellow.
Some animal studies have suggested that certain artificial colorants, including E 110 Sunset Yellow, might have carcinogenic effects when consumed in large amounts over long periods.
Though no definitive studies have proven a direct link between E 110 Sunset Yellow and cancer in humans, concerns remain regarding the potential for cancerous effects, particularly in high doses.
For this reason, E 110 Sunset Yellow is subject to strict regulations, with its usage limited to approved levels in food and drink products.
The acceptable daily intake (ADI) is 0–4 mg/kg under both EU and WHO/FAO guidelines.
E 110 Sunset Yellow has no carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, or developmental toxicity in the amounts at which it is used.
It has been claimed since the late 1970s, under the advocacy of Benjamin Feingold, that E 110 Sunset Yellow causes food intolerance and ADHD-like behavior in children, but there is little scientific evidence to support these broad claims.
E 110 Sunset Yellow is possible that certain food colorings may act as a trigger in those who are genetically predisposed, but the evidence is weak.
