Quick Search
CAS Number : 127-40-2
EC Number : 204-840-0
ECHA InfoCard : 100.004.401
PubChem CID : 5281243
ChemSpider : 4444655
Chemical formula : C40H56O2
Molar mass : 568.871 g/mol
Appearance : Red-orange crystalline solid
Melting point : 190 °C
Solubility in water : Insoluble
IUPAC name :
-β,ε-Carotene-3,3′-diol
Preferred IUPAC name :
-(1R,4R)-4-{(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl}-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol
Other names :
-Luteine; trans-Lutein; Xanthophyll
E 161b is a xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids.
E 161b is synthesized only by plants, and like other xanthophylls is found in high quantities in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and yellow carrots.
In green plants, xanthophylls act to modulate light energy and serve as non-photochemical quenching agents to deal with triplet chlorophyll (an excited form of chlorophyll), which is overproduced at very high light levels, during photosynthesis.
Animals obtain E 161b by ingesting plants.
In the human retina, E 161b is absorbed from blood specifically into the macula lutea,although its precise role in the body is unknown.
E 161b is also found in egg yolks and animal fats.
E 161b is isomeric with zeaxanthin, differing only in the placement of one double bond.
E 161b and zeaxanthin can be interconverted in the body through an intermediate called meso-zeaxanthin.
The principal natural stereoisomer of E 161b is (3R,3′R,6′R)-beta,epsilon-carotene-3,3′-diol.
E 161b is a lipophilic molecule and is generally insoluble in water.
The presence of the long chromophore of conjugated double bonds (polyene chain) provides the distinctive light-absorbing properties.
The polyene chain is susceptible to oxidative degradation by light or heat and is chemically unstable in acids.
E 161b is present in plants as fatty-acid esters, with one or two fatty acids bound to the two hydroxyl-groups.
For this reason, saponification (de-esterification) of E 161b esters to yield free lutein may yield lutein in any ratio from 1:1 to 1:2 molar ratio with the saponifying fatty acid.
As a pigment of E 161b
E 161b, like its sister compound zeaxanthin, has primarily been used in food and supplement manufacturing as a colorant due to its yellow-red color.
E 161b absorbs blue light and therefore appears yellow at low concentrations and orange-red at high concentrations.
Many songbirds (like golden oriole, evening grosbeak, yellow warbler, common yellowthroat and Javan green magpie, but not American goldfinch or yellow canaries) deposit E 161b obtained from the diet into growing tissues to color their feathers.
Role in human eyes of E 161b
Although E 161b is concentrated in the macula – a small area of the retina responsible for three-color vision – the precise functional role of retinal lutein has not been determined.
E 161b is a oxygenated carotenoid found in vegetables and fruits.
E 161b is found in the macula of the eye, where it is believed to act as a yellow filter.
E 161b acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells against the damaging effects of free radicals.
E 161b is a carotenol.
E 161b has a role as a food colouring and a plant metabolite.
E 161b derives from a hydride of a (6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene.
E 161b is an xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids.
E 161b is synthesized only by plants and like other xanthophylls is found in high quantities in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and yellow carrots.
In green plants, E 161b act to modulate light energy and serve as non-photochemical quenching agents to deal with triplet chlorophyll (an excited form of chlorophyll), which is overproduced at very high light levels, during photosynthesis.
E 161b is used especially to give yellow/orange color to foods.
E 161b is a mixture consisting of components with coloring properties.
Food dyes are also used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to mask unwanted colors in the final product.
Food dyes are not used directly by the end consumer.
E 161b is used by adding to product formulas at “g/kg” level during industrial food production.
E161b is a food additive approved by the European Union (EU).
E161b is used as a natural colouring agent in food and drink products.
The common name for E161b is lutein.
E161b is a yellow / orange colouring that occurs naturally in green leaves, egg whites and marigolds.
When required on a commercial scale, E161b is extracted from nettles and grass.
This colouring is only partially soluble in water and is therefore not widely used.
E161b is a xanthophyll (an oxygenated derivative of carotenes).
Our search did not reveal any side effects of E161b.
Examples of food and drink products that sometimes include E161b:
-alcoholic drinks
-egg yolk
-soups
E161b was found to be present in a concentrated area of the macula, a small area of the retina responsible for central vision.
The hypothesis for the natural concentration is that E161b helps protect from oxidative stress and high-energy light.
Several studies show that an increase in macula pigmentation decreases the risk for eye diseases such as Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD).
E161b is a oxygenated carotenoid found in vegetables and fruits.
E161b is found in the macula of the eye, where it is believed to act as a yellow filter.
E161b acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells against the damaging effects of free radicals.
E161b is a natural part of human diet when orange-yellow fruits and leafy green vegetables are consumed.
Some foods contain relatively high amounts of E161b such as kale, spinach and nasturtium.
E161b can be used as food additive (E number 161b) and is extracted from the petals of African marigold.
Physico-chemical Properties of E161b
-Molecular Formula : C40H56O2
-Molar Mass : 568.87
-Density : 0.9944 (rough estimate)
-Melting Point : 195 °C
-Boling Point : 572.66°C (rough estimate)
-Specific Rotation(α) : 18Cd +165° (c = 0.7 in benzene)
-Flash Point : 269.1±27.5 °C
-Solubility : Insoluble in water. Soluble in an oily solvent.
-Vapor Presure : 8.45E-23mmHg at 25°C
-Appearance : Crystalline Coppery powder with metallic luster
Applications of E161b :
-Functional foods
-Biscuits
-Beverages (Tropical especially)
-Sugar Confectionery
-Sauces
-Cheese
Substance identity
EC / List no.: 204-840-0
CAS no.: 127-40-2
Mol. formula: C40H56O2
Hazard classification & labelling of E 161b
According to the majority of notifications provided by companies to ECHA in CLP notifications no hazards have been classified.
E 161b predicted as likely to meet criteria for category 1A or 1B carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or reproductive toxicity, or with dispersive or diffuse use(s) where predicted likely to meet any classification criterion for health or environmental hazards, or where there is a nanoform soluble in biological and environmental media.
E 161b indicated, in 2009, as being intended to be registered by at least one company in the EEA.
E 161b for which classification and labeling data have been submitted to ECHA in a registration under REACH or notified by manufacturers or importers under CLP.
Such notifications are required for hazardous substances, as such or in mixtures, as well as for all substances subject to registration, regardless of their hazard.
E 161b listed in the EINECS, ELINCS, or NLP inventories.
Synonyms:
β,ε-carotene-3,3'-diol
β,ε-carotene-3,3'-diol
(1R,4R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol
(1R,4R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4S)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1
.beta.,.epsilon.-Carotene-3,3'-diol
4,5-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol
4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol
β,ε-Carotene-3,3'-diol
β,ε-carotene-3,3'-diol
127-40-2
Lutein
XANTHOPHYLL
127-40-2
Bo-Xan
Vegetable lutein
Vegetable luteol
all-trans-Lutein
Xantofyl
Lutein ester
Lutein A
all-trans-(+)-Xanthophyll
FloraGLO
FloraGLO Lutein
trans-Lutein
Lutein, all-trans-
all-trans-Xanthophyll
Oro Glo 7
E 161b
beta,epsilon-Carotene-3,3'-diol, (3R,3'R,6'R)-
Xanthophyll, all-trans-(+)-
(3R,3'R,6'R)-Lutein
beta,epsilon-Carotene-3,3'-diol
OS 24
Lutein from tagetes erecta
INS NO.161B(I)
X72A60C9MT
E 161
CHEBI:28838
INS-161B(I)
E-161B
E-161B(I)
NSC-59193
.beta.,.epsilon.-Carotene-3,3'-diol
.beta.,.epsilon.-Carotene-3,3'-diol, (3R,3'R,6'R)-
(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1R,4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol
(1R,4R)-4-((1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-((R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-enol
(3R,3'R,6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene-3,3'-diol
180580-60-3
9-cis-Lutein
Lutamax
13-cis-Lutein
UNII-X72A60C9MT
Leutein
NCGC00167965-01
15-cis-Lutein
EINECS 204-840-0
13'-cis-Lutein
NSC 59193
Lutein (Xanthophyll)
(9'Z)-Lutein
Lutein - 5%
LEUTEIN [VANDF]
Xanthophyll (~80%)
LUTEIN [VANDF]
e-carotene-3,3'-diol
Lutein - 10%
Lutein - 20%
LUTEIN [DSC]
LUTEIN [FCC]
XANTHOPHYLL [MI]
LUTEIN [USP-RS]
LUTEIN [MART.]
Xanthophyll, from marigold
XANTOFYL [WHO-DD]
Lutein, analytical standard
DSSTox_CID_26749
DSSTox_RID_81874
DSSTox_GSID_46749
SCHEMBL19342
3,3'-Dihydroxy-alpha-carotene
CHEMBL173929
DTXSID8046749
(invertedexclamationmarkA)-Lutein
BCBcMAP01_000190
HMS3886I13
29414-89-9
HY-N6947
ZINC8221225
(3R,3'R)-dihydroxy-alpha-carotene
Tox21_112594
( inverted exclamation markA)-Lutein
BBL101804
LMPR01070274
MFCD00017353
s5103
STL555601
AKOS008901394
CCG-270087
DB00137
SMP1_000317
AS-63011
CAS-127-40-2
XL176941
XL176947
XL176948
CS-0015250
C08601
Q63409232
Lutein solution, 1 mg/L in ethanol, analytical standard
4',5'-Didehydro-6'-hydro-.beta.-carotene-3,3'-diol #
AB972DAC-E626-49F1-898D-598AF7729FD0
(3R,3'R,6R)-4,5-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol
Lutein, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
(3R,3'R,6R)-4,5-DIDEHYDRO-5,6-DIHYDRO-.BETA.,.BETA.-CAROTENE-3,3'-DIOL
(3R,3'R,6R)-4,5-DIDEHYDRO-5,6-DIHYDRO-.BETA.,.BETA.-CAROTIN-3,3'-DIOL
.BETA.,.BETA.-CAROTENE-3,3'-DIOL, 4,5-DIDEHYDRO-5,6-DIHYDRO-, (3R,3'R,6R)-
(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1R,4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohex-3-en-1-ol
(1R,4R)-4-((1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-((4R)-4-HYDROXY-2,6,6-TRIMETHYL-1-CYCLOHEXEN-1-YL)-3,7,12,16-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-OCTADECANONAEN-1-YL)-3,5,5-TRIMETHYL-2-CYCLOHEXEN-1-OL
Lutein [Wiki]
(1R,4R)-4-{(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octadecanonaen-1-yl}-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol
(1R,4R)-4-{(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-Hydroxy-2,6,6-triméthyl-1-cyclohexén-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tétraméthyl-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octadécanonaèn-1-yl}-3,5,5-triméthyl-2-cyclohexén-1-ol
(3R,3'R,6R)-4,5-Didehydro-5,6-dihydro-β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol [ACD/IUPAC Name]
(3R,3'R,6R)-4,5-Didehydro-5,6-dihydro-β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol
(3R,3'R,6R)-4,5-Didéhydro-5,6-dihydro-β,β-carotène-3,3'-diol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
(3R,3'R,6R)-4,5-Didehydro-5,6-dihydro-β,β-carotin-3,3'-diol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
127-40-2 [RN]
all-trans-(+)-Xanthophyll
all-trans-Lutein
Lutein [German]
Lutein A
Luteina [Italian]
luteína [Portuguese]
Luteína [Spanish]
Lutéine [French]
MFCD08435941 [MDL number]
trans-Lutein
UNII:X72A60C9MT
Vegetable lutein
Vegetable luteol
X72A60C9MT
α-CAROTENE-3,3'-DIOL
β, ε-carotene
β, ε-carotene-3,3'-diol
β,β-Carotene-3,3'-diol, 4,5-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-, (3R,3'R,6R)- [ACD/Index Name]
β,ε-Carotene-3,3'-diol
β,ε-Carotene-3,3'-diol, (3R,3'R,6'R)-
β,ε-Carotene-3,3'-diol, (3R,3'R,6'R)-
ルテイン [Japanese]
葉黃素 [Chinese]
(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1R,4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol
(1R,4R)-4-((1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-((R)-4-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-enol
(1R,4R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enol
(1R,4R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol
(1R,4R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-en-1-ol
(1R,4R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol
(1R,4R)-4-[18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enol
(1R,4R)-4-[18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol
(1R,4R)-4-[18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-en-1-ol
(3R,3'R,6R)-4,5-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-b,b-carotene-3,3'-diol
(3R,3'R,6'R)-β,ε-carotene-3,3'-diol
(3R,3'R,6S)-4,5-Didehydro-5,6-dihydro-β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol [ACD/IUPAC Name]
(4R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol
(6'R)-β,ε-carotene-3R,3'R-diol
[127-40-2] [RN]
136087-85-9 [RN]
180580-60-3 [RN]
2068550 [Beilstein]
3,3'-Dihydroxy-α-carotene
6-hydro-4,5-dehydro-β-carotene-3,3-diol
BCBcMAP01_000190
Bo-Xan
E 161b
Fidarestat [INN] [JAN] [Wiki]
Leutin
LMPR01070274
Lutein (Zeaxanthin free)
Lutein ester
Lutein|(6'R)-β,ε-carotene-3R,3'R-diol
Luteine
Luteinmissing
Lux
MFCD00919183 [MDL number]
SMP1_000317
UNII-X72A60C9MT
Xantofyl
