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E 200 SORBIC ACID

E 200 Sorbic Acid is used as a preservative (E200) to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi in products like cheese, baked goods, fruit juices, and meats.
E 200 Sorbic Acid is used to prevent microbial contamination in creams, lotions, and other personal care products.
E 200 Sorbic Acid is used as a preservative in oral and topical medications.


CAS Number: 110-44-1
EC Number: 203-768-7
MDL Number: MFCD00002703
Chemical Name: Sorbic acid
IUPAC Name: (2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid
Molecular Formula: C₆H₈O₂
Molecular Weight: 112.13 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
Sorbic acid, 2,4-Hexadienic acid, Sorbic acid, E200, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-Sorbic acid, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid (E,E)-, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, hexa-2,4-dienoic acid, Panosorb, Sorbistat, 2-Propenyl acrylic acid, 1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid, 2,4-Hexanedioic acid, sorbic acid, 110-44-1, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid, 2E,4E-Hexadienoic acid, Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid, Panosorb, Sorbistat, 2-Propenylacrylic acid, Hexadienoic acid, trans,trans-Sorbic acid, (2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (2E,4E)-, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-, alpha-trans-gamma-trans-Sorbic acid, Preservastat, Kyselina sorbova, (E,E)-Sorbic acid, Crotylidene acetic acid, trans,trans-2,4-Hexadienoic acid, Acetic acid, crotylidene-, Caswell No. 801, (E,E)-1,3-pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid, 22500-92-1, Acetic acid, (2-butenylidene)-, Hexadienoic acid, (E,E), trans-trans-2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (2-Butenylidene)acetic acid, Sorbinsaeure, CCRIS 5748, HSDB 590, Acidum sorbicum, Hexadienic acid, trans,trans-SA, 1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid, E 200, EINECS 203-768-7, 1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid, (E,E)-, Kyselina 1,3-pentadien-1-karboxylova, (2-butenylidene) acetic acid, C6:2n-2,4, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 075901, Sorbic acid (NF), Sorbic acid [NF], UNII-X045WJ989B, 2,4-Hexadiensaeure, FEMA NO. 3921, CHEBI:38358, AI3-14851, INS-200, (E,E)-Sorbic acid; Sorbic acid, X045WJ989B, 5309-56-8, Acid, Hexadienoic, MFCD00002703, NSC-35405, NSC-49103, NSC-50268, (E,E)-SA, DTXSID3021277, CHEBI:35962, EC 203-768-7, 2,4-SA, NCGC00091737-01, .alpha.-trans-.gamma.-trans-Sorbic acid, SORBIC ACID (II), SORBIC ACID [II], SORBIC ACID (MART.), SORBIC ACID [MART.], SORBIC ACID (USP-RS), SORBIC ACID [USP-RS], DTXCID401277, Sorbic Acid [USAN], SORBIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH), SORBIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH], Kyselina sorbova [Czech], Acid, Sorbic, CAS-110-44-1, Acid, Propenylacrylic, Sorbic acid, (E,E)-, Sorbinsaure, sorbic-acid, NSC49103, E-sorbic acid, Kyselina 1,3-pentadien-1-karboxylova [Czech], Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid, (E,E)-, NSC 35405, NSC 49103, NSC 50268, Crotylidene-Acetic acid, starbld0040592, Sorbic acid (Standard), trans, trans-Sorbic acid, Sorbic acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, SORBIC ACID [MI], SORBIC ACID [FCC], SCHEMBL1647, SORBIC ACID [HSDB], SORBIC ACID [VANDF], Sorbic acid, >=99.0%, MLS002152937, (2-butenylidene)-Acetic acid, SORBIC ACID [WHO-DD], CHEMBL250212, (e,e)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid, Sorbic acid, analytical standard, FEMA 3921, HY-N0626R, MSK2503, HMS3039E13, Sorbic acid, potassium salt (van), 161814-42-2, HY-N0626, STR09707, Tox21_111164, Tox21_201719, Tox21_300182, LMFA01030100, s4983, (2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid #, 2, 4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt, AKOS000119456, CCG-266056, FS31168, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (trans,trans)-, 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, >=99%, FCC, NCGC00091737-02, NCGC00091737-03, NCGC00091737-05, NCGC00253957-01, NCGC00259268-01, 91751-55-2, DA-58006, E200, SMR001224532, Sorbic acid, tested according to Ph.Eur., DB-309726, Sorbic acid, SAJ first grade, >=98.5%, CS-0009618, NS00002145, S0053, (E,E)-2,4-HEXADIENOIC ACID [FHFI], EN300-17945, Sorbic acid, for synthesis, 99.0-101.0%, alpha-trans-Laquo gammaRaquo -trans-sorbic acid, D05892, E80726, EN300-332923, SBI-0653859.0001, Hexadienoic acid1,3-pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid, AN-651/40229308, Q407131, BRD-K55892330-001-01-8, Z57127888, F8886-8255, Sorbic acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Sorbic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Sorbic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, InChI=1/C6H8O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6(7)8/h2-5H,1H3,(H,7,8)/b3-2+,5-4, 203-768-7

E 200 Sorbic Acid, or 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural organic compound used as a food preservative.
E 200 Sorbic Acid has the chemical formula CH3(CH)4CO2H and the structure H3C−CH=CH−CH=CH−C(=O)OH.
E 200 Sorbic Acid is a colourless solid that is slightly soluble in water and sublimes readily.


E 200 Sorbic Acid was first isolated from the unripe berries of the Sorbus aucuparia (rowan tree), hence its name.
Production
The traditional route to E 200 Sorbic Acid involves condensation of malonic acid and crotonaldehyde.


E 200 Sorbic Acid can also be prepared from isomeric hexadienoic acids, which are available via a nickel-catalyzed reaction of allyl chloride, acetylene, and carbon monoxide.
The route used commercially, however, is from crotonaldehyde and ketene.


An estimated 30,000 tons are produced annually.
E 200 Sorbic Acid was obtained from a plant called Sorbus aucuparia (Sorbus aucuparia), known in Anatolia, by a German chemist in 1859.
In other words, E 200 Sorbic Acid is a naturally occurring 6-chain unsaturated fatty acid.


The ability of E 200 Sorbic Acid to inhibit microbial growth was discovered in 1930, and its use became widespread in a short time.
E 200 Sorbic Acid was obtained from a plant called Sorbus aucuparia (Sorbus aucuparia), known in Anatolia, by a German chemist in 1859.
In other words, E 200 Sorbic Acid is a naturally occurring 6-chain unsaturated fatty acid.


The ability of E 200 Sorbic Acid to inhibit microbial growth was discovered in 1930, and its use became widespread in a short time.
E 200 Sorbic Acid, or 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural organic compound used as a food preservative.
E 200 Sorbic Acid has the chemical formula CH3(CH)4CO2H and the structure H3C−CH=CH−CH=CH−C(=O)OH.


E 200 Sorbic Acid is a colourless solid that is slightly soluble in water and sublimes readily.
E 200 Sorbic Acid was first isolated from the unripe berries of the Sorbus aucuparia (rowan tree), hence its name.
E 200 Sorbic Acid, an unsaturated six-carbon fatty acid, is a naturally occurring preservative that is used less in food compared to its potassium salt – potassium sorbate (E202) due to the slight solubility in water.


E 200 Sorbic Acid can be used in low water content food such as baked goods, cheese, dried fruits, meat and fatty media.
E 200 Sorbic Acid is generally used to inhibit the growth of molds (also mycotoxin-forming molds), yeast and some bacteria.
The European food additive number for E 200 Sorbic Acid is E200.

USES and APPLICATIONS of E 200 SORBIC ACID:
E 200 Sorbic Acid is widely used in various industries due to its antimicrobial properties:​
Food Industry: E 200 Sorbic Acid is used as a preservative (E200) to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi in products like cheese, baked goods, fruit juices, and meats.


Cosmetics: E 200 Sorbic Acid is used to prevent microbial contamination in creams, lotions, and other personal care products.
Pharmaceuticals: E 200 Sorbic Acid is used as a preservative in oral and topical medications.
Packaging: E 200 Sorbic Acid is incorporated into materials to extend the shelf life of food products.​


Cosmetics: E 200 Sorbic Acid can also be used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products to inhibit the growth of yeast and mold.
E 200 Sorbic Acid (E200) is used in the manufacture of food, beverage products and cosmetics.
Pharmaceuticals and Health Sector: Protection: E 200 Sorbic Acid is used to prevent microbial contamination in some pharmaceutical products.


E 200 Sorbic Acid can also be used as an additive for cold rubber, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of some plasticizers and lubricants.


-Food uses of E 200 Sorbic Acid:
E 200 Sorbic Acid can prevent the spoilage of yeast, mold, and some bacteria in food and therefore prolong food shelf life.
E 200 Sorbic Acid can be used to preserve foods with low water content and the following food may contain it: cheese, dried fruit, yogurt, pet foods, dried meats, and baked goods.


-Food Industry uses of E 200 Sorbic Acid:
*Preservative: 
E 200 Sorbic Acid prevents mold and yeast growth in baked goods, cheese, wine, juices and processed foods.

*Shelf Life Extension: 
E 200 Sorbic Acid prevents spoilage of food products and preserves their freshness for a long time.
*
Controlled Release: 
Thanks to encapsulation technology, the protective effect is released over time, providing longer lasting protection.


-Cosmetics and Personal Care uses of E 200 Sorbic Acid:
*Preservative: 
E 200 Sorbic Acid inhibits microbial growth in creams, lotions, shampoos and other cosmetics.

*Skin Friendly: 
E 200 Sorbic Acid improves product stability without irritating the skin.

PROPERTIES AND USES OF E 200 SORBIC ACID:
With a pKa of 4.76, E 200 Sorbic Acid is about as acidic as acetic acid.
E 200 Sorbic Acid and its salts, especially potassium sorbate and calcium sorbate, are antimicrobial agents often used as preservatives in food and drinks to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi.

In general the salts are preferred over E 200 Sorbic Acid form because they are more soluble in water, but the active form is the acid.
The optimal pH for the antimicrobial activity of E 200 Sorbic Acid is below pH 6.5.
Sorbates are generally used at concentrations of 0.025% to 0.10%.

Adding sorbate salts to food will, however, raise the pH of the food slightly so the pH may need to be adjusted to assure safety.
E 200 Sorbic Acid is found in foods such as various kinds of cheese, bread, muffins, donuts, pies, cookies, protein bars, syrups, lemonades, fruit juices, dried meats, sausages, nuggets, burgers, sandwiches, tacos, pizzas, smoked fish, margarine, sauces, soups, and more.

WHAT DOES E 200 SORBIC ACID DO INSIDE THE PLANT?
To protect the plant against possible pests, in fact, the reason E 200 Sorbic Acid is used in foods is exactly the same.

HOW DOES E 200 SORBIC ACID PROTECT THE FOOD?
E 200 Sorbic Acid and its salts change the pH of microorganism cells, which disrupts the vital functions of the microorganism.
You can see E 200 Sorbic Acid salts on labels as potassium sorbate (E202).

BENEFIITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF E 200 SORBIC ACID:
*Antimicrobial Effective: E 200 Sorbic Acid inhibits a broad spectrum of microorganisms, enhancing product safety and shelf life.

*Stability: 
E 200 Sorbic Acid maintains efficacy over a wide pH range, especially effective below pH 6.5.

*Low Toxicity: 
Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used within recommended limits.

*Non-Volatile: 
E 200 Sorbic Acid does not impart off-flavors or odors to products.​

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION OF E 200 SORBIC ACID:
*Natural Occurrence:
Originally isolated from the unripe berries of the rowan tree (Sorbus aucuparia), hence the name "E 200 Sorbic Acid."

*Production: 
Commercially synthesized via condensation of crotonaldehyde and ketene.

*Regulatory Status: 
Approved for use as a food additive in many countries, including the EU (E200) and the USA

NATURAL SOURCE OF E 200 SORBIC ACID:
E 200 Sorbic Acid can be naturally found in berries species, such as mountain ash, rowan and magnolia vine.

HOW IS E 200 SORBIC ACID MADE?
E 200 Sorbic Acid is commercially synthesized from the condensation between ketene and crotonaldehyde instead of extracted from berries.
The manufacturing process of E 200 Sorbic Acid is described in the first three steps of production of potassium sorbate.

ADVANTAGES OF E 200 SORBIC ACID:
*Thanks to its slightly acidic taste, E 200 Sorbic Acid does not disturb the taste profile.
*Encapsulation prevents unwanted reactions with other ingredients in E 200 Sorbic Acid.
*E 200 Sorbic Acid improves the safety and quality of both food and cosmetic products.

WHY USE E 200 SORBIC ACID?
*Controlled Release Technology: 
E 200 Sorbic Acidrovides long-term stability by releasing its protective effect over time.

*Wide Application Area: 
E 200 Sorbic Acid can be used in many sectors such as food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

*Product Safety: 
E 200 Sorbic Acid minimizes microbial risks such as mold, yeast and fungi.

*Quality Protection: 
Benefits both producers and consumers by extending shelf life.

*Economic Solution: 
Maximum effect is achieved with low usage.

SUGGESTIONS FOR USE OF E 200 SORBIC ACID:
In Food Products: 0.2–0.5 kg per 100 kg of product.
In Cosmetic Products: E 200 Sorbic Acid can be applied effectively in low doses in accordance with the formulation.

PRODUCTION OF E 200 SORBIC ACID:
The traditional route to E 200 Sorbic Acid involves condensation of malonic acid and crotonaldehyde.
E 200 Sorbic Acid can also be prepared from isomeric hexadienoic acids, which are available via a nickel-catalyzed reaction of allyl chloride, acetylene, and carbon monoxide.

The route used commercially, however, is from crotonaldehyde and ketene.
An estimated 30,000 tons of E 200 Sorbic Acid are produced annually.

HISTORY OF E 200 SORBIC ACID:
E 200 Sorbic Acid was isolated in 1859 by distillation of rowanberry oil by A. W. von Hofmann.
This affords parasorbic acid, the lactone of E 200 Sorbic Acid, which he converted to it by hydrolysis.

Its antimicrobial activities were discovered in the late 1930s and 1940s, and E 200 Sorbic Acid became commercially available in the late 1940s and 1950s.
Beginning in the 1980s, E 200 Sorbic Acid and its salts were used as inhibitors of Clostridium botulinum in meat products to replace the use of nitrites, which can produce carcinogenic nitrosamines.

WHAT HAPPENS IF PEOPLE CONSUME A FOOD CONTAINING E 200 SORBIC ACID?
Due to its similar chemical structure to fats, E 200 Sorbic Acid enters our digestive system similarly to fats and is eventually excreted as carbon dioxide.
The fact that it is metabolized similarly to other fatty acids is associated with its evaluation as low toxicity.
Please remember: Everything can be poison.

What matters is the amount consumed.
As we all know by now, water can be poisonous when consumed in sufficient quantities.
The amount of E 200 Sorbic Acid added to foods varies depending on the food.

In our country, these values ​​are determined by the Turkish Food Codex Additives Regulation prepared in accordance with the European Union.
The European Food Safety Authority conducts studies at certain intervals to evaluate the safety of additives currently in use with up-to-date data.

According to the report published for E 200 Sorbic Acid in 2015, no evidence was found that it exhibited genotoxic activity.
Applications & Uses
E 200 Sorbic Acid is widely used in various industries due to its antimicrobial properties.

Food Industry: 
As a preservative (E200) to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi in products like cheese, baked goods, fruit juices, and meats.

Cosmetics: 
To prevent microbial contamination in creams, lotions, and other personal care products.

Pharmaceuticals: 
As a preservative in oral and topical medications.

Packaging: 
Incorporated into materials to extend the shelf life of food products.

WHAT DOES E 200 SORBIC ACID DO INSIDE THE PLANT?
To protect the plant against possible pests, in fact, the reason E 200 Sorbic Acid is used in foods is exactly the same.

HOW E 200 SORBIC ACID WORKS AS A PRESERVATIVE?
The bacteriostatic or bactericidal mechanism of E 200 Sorbic Acid are the same as that of potassium sorbate.
When added to water, potassium sorbate dissociates into E 200 Sorbic Acid and potassium ions.
It is the E 200 Sorbic Acid that is active as an antimicrobial preservative.

Like benzoic acid, E 200 Sorbic Acid is a lipid-soluble weak acid that:
enters into the cell of microbial through the cell membrane then accumulates and finally influences the internal PH of microbial eventually disrupts its transport functions and metabolic activityresult in the death of the microbial

PROPERTIES OF E 200 SORBIC ACID:
E 200 Sorbic Acid is a colorless needles or white free-flowing powder with a slight faint characteristic odor.

*Solubility
In water
Slightly soluble in water (solubility 0.16 g/100 mL at 20 °C) so E 200 Sorbic Acid is not suitable to use in food with much water content.
Generally, E 200 Sorbic Acid is made into salts form, potassium sorbate, which is the commonly utilized form.


*In organic solvent
E 200 Sorbic Acid is soluble in ethanol, ether, propylene glycol, peanut oil, glycerin and glacial acetic acid.


*pH
The antimicrobial activity of E 200 Sorbic Acid generates when it is in the form of a molecule, the condition of undissociated.
The pKa of E 200 Sorbic Acid is 4.76.

That’s to say, its inhibitory activity rises as pH value (below 4.76) decreases as the percentage of the undissociated E 200 Sorbic Acid goes up, this leads to the enhanced antimicrobial activity.
The optimal pH for the antimicrobial activity of E 200 Sorbic Acid is from 3.0 to 6.5.

WHAT ARE THE USES OF E 200 SORBIC ACID?
E 200 Sorbic Acid and potassium sorbate have become the primary preservatives in food application due to their good antimicrobial activity & effectiveness in the weak acid pH range and their safety over benzoic acid and sodium benzoate.
Mostly, E 200 Sorbic Acid protects food from yeast and mold spoilage and commonly added with usage from 0.025% to 0.10%.

HOW TO USE E 200 SORBIC ACID?
E 200 Sorbic Acid can be added in food with several methods:
*directly used
*dusted in powder form
*sprayed onto the food surface
*dipped into sorbate solutions to prepare a certain concentrations
*packaging materials

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of E 200 SORBIC ACID:
Chemical Name: Sorbic acid
IUPAC Name: (2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid
CAS Number: 110-44-1
EC Number: 203-768-7
Molecular Formula: C₆H₈O₂
Molecular Weight: 112.13 g/mol
SMILES: O=C(O)C​=CC​=CC
InChIKey: WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-N
Chemical Formula: C6H8O2

Molar Mass: 112.128 g·mol−1
Density: 1.204 g/cm³
Melting Point: 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)
Boiling Point: 228 °C (442 °F; 501 K)
Solubility in Water: 1.6 g/L at 20 °C
Acidity (pKa): 4.76 at 25 °C
Appearance: White to slightly off-white crystalline powder
Odor: Nearly odorless
Melting Point: 134–135 °C

Boiling Point: 228 °C
Density: 1.204 g/cm³
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (1.6 g/L at 20 °C); 
soluble in ethanol and organic solvents
pKa: 4.76 at 25 °C
Structure: Conjugated diene with two trans double bonds
Product Name: Sorbic Acid (E 200)
Chemical Formula: C6H8O2
CAS No: 110-44-1

EINESC No: 203-768-7
UN No: Not subject to transport regulations
Physical Property: White Solid Powder
Odor: Odorless
Molecular Weight: 112.1 g/mol
Density: 1.201–1.203 g/cm³
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C6H8O2
CAS Number: 110-44-1

Molecular Weight: 112.13
MDL Number: MFCD00002703
UNSPSC Code: 12352106
E Number: E200
EC Index Number: 203-768-7
Vapor Pressure: 0.00018 hPa (20 °C)
Product Line: EMPROVE® ESSENTIAL

Assay: 99.0–101.0% substance (anhydrous) basis (acidimetric)
Form: Solid
Autoignition Temp.: >130 °C
Technique(s): API processing 
cocrystal formation: suitable
Technique(s): API processing 
salt formation: suitable
pH: 3.3 (20 °C, 1.6 g/L in H2O)
Compound Canonicalized: Yes

FIRST AID MEASURES of E 200 SORBIC ACID:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of E 200 SORBIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of E 200 SORBIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of E 200 SORBIC ACID:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of E 200 SORBIC ACID:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of E 200 SORBIC ACID:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

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