E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a whitener for sugar and flour.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a reducer in photography with its sulfur dioxide content.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a decolorizing agent in the paint, washing and leather industries, and as an anti-chlorine in the textile industry.

CAS Number: 7681-57-4
EC Number: 231-673-0
MDL number: MFCD00167602
Chemical formula: Na2S2O5
Molecular Weight: 190.11 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
Sodium pyrosulfite, Sodium disulfite, Sodium pyrosulfite, Disodium metabisulfite, E223, Food-grade sodium metabisulfite, Sodium disulfite, Sodium metabisulfite, 7681-57-4, Sodium pyrosulfite, Sodium disulfite, Disodium pyrosulfite, Sodium metabisulphite, Disulfurous acid, disodium salt, Disodium disulphite, Natrii disulfis, Campden Tablets, Disodium metabisulfite, Disodium disulfite, Natrium pyrosulfit, Natriummetabisulfit, sodium pyrosulphite, Sodium bisulfite anhydrous, Natrium metabisulfurosum, Disodiumdisulphite, Na2S2O5, Pyrosulfurous acid, disodium salt, CCRIS 3951, HSDB 378, Sodium pyrosulfite (Na2S2O5), Disodium pentaoxodisulfate, UNII-4VON5FNS3C, 4VON5FNS3C, Sodium metabisulfite (Na2-S2O5), EINECS 231-673-0, INS NO.223, Sodium metabisulfite (e 223), AI3-51684, INS-223, MFCD00167602, Sodium metabisulfite [NF], NSC-158277, NSC-227243, DISODIUM PYROSULPHITE, DTXSID0029684, E-223, CHEBI:114786, EC 231-673-0, NSC 158277, NSC 227243, E223, disodium oxido(oxo)-kappa(4)-sulfanesulfonate, Sodium metabisulfite (NF), SODIUM METABISULFITE (II), SODIUM METABISULFITE [II], SODIUM METABISULFITE (MART.), SODIUM METABISULFITE [MART.], SODIUM METABISULFITE (USP-RS), SODIUM METABISULFITE [USP-RS], Sodium metabisulfite; sodium disulfite, SODIUM METABISULFITE (EP MONOGRAPH), SODIUM METABISULFITE [EP MONOGRAPH], sodiummetabisulphite, sodium metabisuifite, Na(2)S(2)O(5), sodium metabisuiphite, sodium meta bisulfite, sodium meta-bisulfite, Sodium pyrosulfite (JP17), CHEMBL2016976, SODIUM PYROSULFITE [JAN], DTXCID30820076, SODIUM METABISULFITE [MI], SODIUM METABISULFITE [FCC], SODIUM METABISULFITE [HSDB], Sodium metabisulfite, SO2 58.5%, SODIUM DISULFITE (NA2S2O5), SODIUM METABISULFITE [VANDF], Sodium metabisulfite A.C.S. reagent, SODIUM METABISULFITE [WHO-DD], AKOS015950722, Disulfurous acid, sodium salt (1:2), FS40910, DISODIUM PYROSULFITE (NA2S2O5), SODIUM METABISULFITE (NA2S2O5), USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 111409, DA-67673, D02054, Q284549, 231-673-0

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a white, non-stable powder, which reacts with oxygen to form sodium sulphate.
In acidic conditions E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite forms sulphurous acid, which acts as a preservative.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is an additive with the code E223.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a type of inorganic salt and an additive that prevents the oxidation of oils and the darkening of foods.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is obtained from coal tar but its color is white.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a white crystal or crystalline powder with the chemical formula Na2S2O5.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium, sulfur and oxygen.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is soluble in glycerin, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in benzene.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a compound that typically stays in a whitish yellow crystalline powder.

In food E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is an anti-oxidant preservative.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a food-grade preservative and antioxidant widely used in the food and beverage industry.
Known for its effective antimicrobial and antioxidizing properties, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite helps preserve the freshness and quality of food products, preventing spoilage and extending shelf life.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite, one of the sulfites that can be used as a preservative, antioxidant, and bleaching agent in food with the European food additive number E223.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a reducing agent that is commonly used for the preservation of fresh & dried fruits, vegetables, and wines.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is an inorganic salt substance.
Also known as disodium or sodium pyrosulphite.
The general appearance of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite, which is solid under normal conditions, is yellowish powder color or white.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite, which melts at 150 degrees Celsius, has been used to preserve food for many years.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite does not cause any harm to the human body when consumed with food.
For this reason, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is allowed to be used as an additive in foods in many countries, especially in the USA.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite should be stored in dry and cool places.
Contact with air should be prevented.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite should also be kept away from acids or toxic substances.

When E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is mixed with water, a strong odor occurs.
This odor can make E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite difficult for people with respiratory problems or asthma to breathe.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite may also cause gastric irritation in those with allergies.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite appears as a white crystalline or powder solid with a slight sulfur odor.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is an inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite has a role as a food antioxidant.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite contains a disulfide.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite as a preservative and antioxidant
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a compound of sodium, sulphur and oxygen.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is an inorganic substance, which means that it mainly occurs in non-living nature.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is the synthetic version of sulphite, a preservative found naturally in the plants of the garlic family.
In most cases E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is sold as a white or yellow coloured crystalline powder.

The E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite that you can buy online at Natural Spices is white in colour.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite works antimicrobially and thus inhibits the growth of fungi and bacteria.
Although E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a controversial substance, it has been declared fit for consumption by the European Commission.

The ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) is 0.7 milligrams per kilo body weight.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a chemical compound with the formula Na2S2O5.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite appears as a white or yellowish crystalline powder and has a distinct sulfur odor.

When dissolved in water, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite releases sulfur dioxide (SO2), which is the active agent responsible for its preservative and antioxidant properties.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a food additive in the category of chemical preservatives.

Under acidic conditions, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite forms sulfurous acid, which has preservative, oxidizing, and bleaching properties, but also reduces the amount of vitamins in food.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2S2O5.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is sometimes also called disodium metabisulphite.

USES and APPLICATIONS of E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE:
Common applications of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used: Wines, beers, vinegar, sauces, refreshments, meat, legumes, dried fruits, freeze shellfish, biscuits, cereal snacks, olives, charcuterie, eggs-containing products, caramels, cookies
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used to preserve foods for a long time.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a source of sulfur dioxide for preservative and sterilization purposes in the food and beverage industry.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a whitener for sugar and flour.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a reducer in photography with its sulfur dioxide content.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a decolorizing agent in the paint, washing and leather industries, and as an anti-chlorine in the textile industry.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a preservative in some products and may be used as a bleaching agent.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used to eliminate oxygen in waste water and pipes, and removes chlorine.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite bleaches, through oxidization, mechanical paper pulp, kaolin clay, wool, and cotton.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used in processing many materials such as leather and textiles.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is replaceable with Potassium Metabisulfite.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite can be used to clean, sanitise and sterilise your equipment before you use it for homebrew.
Cleaning and sterilising your home brew equipment is extremely important as it will get rid of any bacteria or impurities that would otherwise go into your brew.

The last thing you want is a contaminated brew so make sure to clean your equipment first, it doesn't take long but will stand you in good stead for a successful, great tasting brew.
You only need to make up a small amount of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite with water and make sure all sides of the item to be sterilised have been sloshed in the solution then rinse with fresh cold water.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite can also be used to suppress unwanted bacteria and 'wild' yeasts before a fermentation, and also to preserve a wine after fermentation has completed.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a preservative found in some medicated creams, cosmetics, medicines and foods.

Uses of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite: Bread and flour products, jellies, dried fruits, tomato paste, maraschino cherries
Other Uses of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite: Hair products, bath preparations, underarm deodorant
In food industry, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as bleaching agents, preservatives, loosen agents, antioxidants, color protecting agents and preservatives.

In the doctor industry, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used for the production of chloroform, phenylpropane and benzaldehyde.
In the rubber industry, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a coagulant.
In the printing and dyeing industry, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a dechlorination agent for cotton bleaching and a cotton cooking agent.

In the tannery industry for leather treatment, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite can make leather soft, plump, tough, with waterproof, anti-folding, wear resistance and other properties.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is also commonly used in a number of other industries, not just food and beverages.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a general bleaching agent in the textile, pulp and paper industries, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite also has uses in the chemical, pharmaceutical, film and photographic industries, and even in water and sewage treatment plants.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is suitable for a wide range of applications in the food and beverage industry.
Preservative for dried fruits: E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite prevents microbial growth and discoloration.
Antioxidant in beverages: E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite maintains the quality and prolongs shelf life.

Bakery products: E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite enhances dough conditioning and prevents spoilage.
Wine and fruit juice production: E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite prevents oxidation and preserves flavour.
Canned foods: E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite inhibits microbial growth and maintains product freshness.

Food preservation: E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used in various processed foods for its antioxidizing properties.
Use of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite: Industrial uses, Antichlore in bleaching in textile industry, and Antiseptic in production of cellulose esters.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used preservative and disinfectant in food and beverage industries as a source of sulfur dioxide.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used antiseptic in fermentation process, Color removing in paint and leather industries, Disinfectant in cosmetic and canned industry, and Various applications in paper, fiber, rubber and adhesive industries.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as anti-chlorine in bleaching of fibers in the textile industry and as a stabilizer in dyeing.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as an antiseptic in the production of cellulose esters.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used Main raw material in production of sodium hydrosulfite, aromatic alcohols and aldehydes.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as the main ingredient in the production of various organic substances such as aromatic alcohols, aldehydes and sodium hydrosulfite.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as an antiseptic in the fermentation process.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a depilator in the leather industry.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as disinfectant in cosmetics and canning industries.
In industries such as paper, sugar, rubber, glue, galvanoplasty and in different application areas.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite can also be used to acidify the water in film baths of photographs and as an anti-melonosis agent in seafood.
Life-threatening consequences may occur when E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite comes into direct contact with the eyes or is swallowed unintentionally.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite produces sulfur dioxide when it comes into contact with air.

Thanks to its color lightening feature, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used to lighten the color of sugar.
In addition, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is also used as a decolorizing agent in the paint production industry.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a food preservative and as a laboratory reagent.

Since E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used not only in the food industry but also in the cleaning and bleaching of products such as wool and jute.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a disinfectant, antioxidant, and preservative.
In the food industry, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a preservative and antioxidant in food and has been given an E number - E223.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite and potassium metabisulfite are the main ingredients in Campden tablets, which are used in the production of wine and beer.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used to inhibit bacterial growth in beer and wine and to stabilize them.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite can also be found in vegetable salads as it prevents them from fermenting and maintains the color of fresh vegetables, preventing them from turning black, dark, or brown.
The possible daily intake of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is up to 0.7 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is oxidized in the liver to sulphate which is excreted in the urine.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a bleaching agent in the manufacture of coconut cream.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite may cause allergic reactions in those sensitive to sulfites, including respiratory reactions.

In cleaning, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is often used for household beverage production and wine production equipment.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a cleaning agent for drinking water reverse osmosis membranes in desalination systems.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is also used to remove chloramine from drinking water after treatment.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a reducing agent to break the sulfide bonds in shrunken natural fiber garments, thus allowing the garments to return to their original shape after washing.
In cosmetics, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as an antioxidant and preservative.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is most commonly found in products based on raw materials of plant origin or with plant parts such as cucumber, peach, mango pieces or puree base.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite helps to keep the color intact and protects the product from fermentation.

In metalworking, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used to precipitate gold from auric acid (gold dissolved in royal water - a 1:3 mixture of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acids).
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used in industry as a source of SO2 (mixed with air or oxygen) for the destruction of cyanide in commercial gold cyanidation processes.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is also used to etch paint from iron alloy samples for microstructural analysis.
In water improvement, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used in wastewater treatment for the reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium, which can be precipitated and removed from the aqueous waste stream.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite can also be used to remove residual chlorine in wastewater.
This is very relevant when swimming pool water is exchanged and discharged to local water treatment plants.
In horticulture, concentrated E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite can be used to remove tree stumps.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite breaks down the lignin in the stumps, facilitating their decomposition and removal.
The concentration must be at least 98% to maximize the speed of the effect, otherwise the process becomes considerably longer.
In medicine, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is added to local anesthetic solutions (lidocaine, etc.) to prevent the vasoconstrictive oxidation of epinephrine and thus prolong the shelf life of the solution.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as an excipient in some tablets such as paracetamol.
Approximately 0.5 mg of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used in epinephrine autoinjectors such as the EpiPen.
A very important health-related aspect of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is that it can be added to a blood smear in the test for sickle cell anaemia (and other similar forms of haemoglobin mutations).

In preservation, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a fungicide and as an antimicrobial additive in the transport of clothing or shoes.
The most common are plastic cushions containing anhydrous E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite absorbs moisture from the environment and releases small doses of sulphur dioxide into the environment, thus ensuring product hygiene.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a preservative and antioxidant and is also known as E-223.
In most cases, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a preservative for dried foods.
Examples include sultanas and dried apples, as well as crisps.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite also counteracts discolouration.

-Foods to which Food Additive can be added:
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used in permitted finished products, taking into account the relevant limitations, in accordance with the regulations in the Turkish Food Codex Regulation on Food Additives and vertical communiqués.

When the necessary information cannot be obtained in the regulations and communiqués, the regulatory authorities of the relevant country can be consulted.

-Use of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used in Foods:
The additive E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a food preservative.
They are also known as SO2 and sulfidizing agents (Sulfur dioxide, sodium or potassium sulfite, bisulfite, metabisulfite).

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is an antimicrobial agent found in baked goods, teas, condiments, seafood, jams, jellies, dried fruits, fruit juices, canned and dehydrated vegetables, frozen potatoes and soup mixes, and beverages such as beer, wine and cider.
The Ministry of Agriculture has reported that the highest dose that can be used for SMB should be 300 µg/ml.

-E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite in Food:
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a type of sulfite additive.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a preservative and antioxidant to prevent browning and discoloration during food preparation and distribution, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is often found in wine and dried fruits.

-Bakery uses of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite: 
Like L-cysteine, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite functions as a reducing agent in biscuit/pastry dough which loosens the dough, reduces the rest time and accelerates the kneading process by reacting with disulfide bonds and generating thiolsulfate esters in gluten protein after hydrolyzed to bisulfite (HSO3−) in water.

-Processed fruit products uses of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite: 
Like other sulfites (e.g. sodium sulfite, sulfur dioxide), E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite can be used as both a preservative and antioxidant in processed fruit products to slow browning reactions, as well as inhibit the growth of certain microorganisms.

-Industrial uses of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite: 
Industrial grade E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used in a wide range of applications:

*Pharmaceuticals: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used for the purification of chloroform, phenyl propyl sulfone and benzaldehyde.

*Rubber: 
a coagulant.

*Printing and dyeing: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a dechlorination agent for bleached cotton.

*Leather: impart leather the properties of soft, waterproof, folding resistance in leather treatment.

*Surfactants and polymerization: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a sulfonating agent and reducing agent.

*Gold refining: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a reducing agent to precipitate gold out of an aqua regia solution by reducing the Au³⁺ to Au.

WHAT ARE THE USES OF E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE?
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a strong reducing agent that can react with oxidizing agents as the sulfur atom in it with a positive valence of 4, the maximum valence of which is 6.
That is the mechanism why E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a multifunctional ingredient that can be used as a preservative, antioxidant, and bleaching agent in agricultural food products, wine, and other applications.

*Preservative: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a sulfur-containing preservative that inhibits the oxidase in the food, and also can block the normal physiological oxidation process of microorganisms and thus inhibit the reproduction of microorganisms in food preservation.

*Antioxidant: 
Since sulfite is a strong reducing agent, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite reacts with oxygen from fruits and vegetables and also inhibits oxidase activity, so it prevents food spoilage caused by oxidation and protects vitamin C in them.
Bleaching agent uses of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite: Reduce the colored material to a bright and fresh color or prevent/slow oxidative browning.

APPLICATION FIELDS of E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE:
*Antichlore in bleaching in textile industry
*Antiseptic in production of cellulose esters
*Main raw material in production of sodium hydrosulfite, aromatic alcohols and aldehydes
*Preservative and disinfectant in food and beverage industries as a source of sulfur dioxide
*Antiseptic in fermentation process
*Color removing in paint and leather industries
*Disinfectant in cosmetic and canned industry
*Various applications in paper, fiber, rubber and adhesive industries

MAIN PURPOSES OF E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE IN FOOD:
Wine
You may have seen sulfur dioxide in the ingredients list of wine, but not like other ingredients you notice in the label, sulfur dioxide is not directly added to wine, it is formed by the adding of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite or potassium metabisulfite.

The following are the reaction equation of Na2S2O5 in wine:
Na2S2O5 + H2O ⇔ 2Na+ + 2(HSO3)−
HSO3− + H+ ⇔ H2O + SO2

Sulfur dioxide plays an important role in almost every manufacturing process of winemaking, from grape picking to bottling.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is mainly to inhibit the growth of yeast and bacteria, and therefore preserve the wine fresh and extend the shelf life.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite or potassium metabisulfite is commonly added to wines, ciders, or maybe beers as an antioxidant, preservative, and stabilizer.
Also, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite can be used to clean and sanitize wine equipment and wine bottles.

HOW IS E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE MADE?
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite can be made from the reaction between sulfur dioxide with sodium carbonate.
The following is the reaction equation:
SO2 + Na2SO3 → Na2S2O5

Here is the manufacturing process came up by Solvay:
Reaction between sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) solution to form the mixed solution of sodium bisulfite and sodium sulfite (Na2SO3).
Reaction equation:
Na2CO3 + 2NaHSO3 = Na2SO3 + H2O + CO2

Add excess sulfur dioxide (SO2) to the above solution to convert sodium sulfite to sodium bisulfite and also obtain the dissolved sulfur dioxide.
Reaction equation:
Na2SO3 + H2O + SO2 = 2NaHSO3

Convert the dissolved sulfur dioxide to sodium bisulfite by adding an alkali ingredient, e.g., sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, or sodium sulfite, or the mixtures.
Reaction equation:
Na2CO3 + H2O + SO2 = 2NaHSO3 + CO2

Obtain E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) through two sodium bisulfite molecules reacting themselves by cooling the above sodium bisulfite solution, followed by purification and drying processes to produce crystals or powder.
Reaction equation:
2NaHSO3 = Na2S2O5 + H2O

PROPERTIES OF E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE:
*Appearance
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a white crystals or crystalline powder.
Slowly oxidized to Na2SO4 (sodium sulfate) and release sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas if exposed to air and moisture.
SO2 is also released by the reaction with acid.

*Solubility
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is soluble in water and its water solubility increases with temperature, 54g/100ml at 20°C and 81.7g/100ml at 100°C.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite produces sodium bisulfite (HSO3−) when dissolved in water and the aqueous solution is acidic with the pH 4.0-5.5 (10 % aqueous solution).

Na2S2O5 + H2O = 2 NaHSO3
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is soluble in glycerin, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in benzene.

INCI KEY FEATURES OF E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE:
*Antioxidant: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite inhibits reactions stimulated by oxygen, preventing oxidation and rancidity.

*Preservative: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite inhibits the development of micro-organisms in cosmetic products.

*Reduction: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite changes the chemical nature of another substance by adding hydrogen or removing oxygen.

IMPORTANT TO KNOW ABOUT E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE:
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is a very useful substance to use for prolonging shelf life.
However, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite needs to be handled very carefully.
For example, you must ensure that the adjuvant does not come into contact with your skin.

This can lead to a reaction.
You must also protect your eyes when working with E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite.
Swallowing E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite directly causes serious stomach and intestinal complaints.

So be careful during the procedure and make sure you do not exceed the maximum use limit under any circumstances.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite should be stored in a dry, cool and well sealed room.
When exposed to air, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite loses its preservative properties.

WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED DAILY DOSE OF E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE?
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is approved for use in foods by various international regulatory agencies, including the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which has established strict guidelines on usage levels to ensure consumer safety.
The maximum daily dose has been set at 0.7 mg per kg of body weight per day.

IN WHICH PRODUCTS CAN BE FOUND E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE?
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used in various food products for its preservative qualities:

*Preservation: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria, molds, and yeasts, thereby extending the shelf life of products such as dried fruits, wines, and baked goods.

*Color Stabilization: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite helps maintain the color of foods by preventing enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning.
This is particularly beneficial in products like canned vegetables and fruit juices.

*Antioxidant: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite acts as an antioxidant, protecting foods from oxidation, which can cause rancidity and loss of flavor.

WHY IS E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE IN PUR FOOD AND WHAT IS E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE'S PURPOSE?
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is in our foods mainly as a preservative, specifically an antimicrobial preservative.
That means E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is very useful in keeping bacteria and other single-celled organisms out of your food.
These organisms are what causes rotting.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is also very important in stopping bacterial growth in wine.
It is good to note, however, any effects E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite has on you is less effective when ingested through water or wine.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is mainly in dried foods such as potato chips, raisins, and dehydrated potatoes.

E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is in a lot of frozen foods such as frozen vegetables, and frozen shellfish.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is also in pickles and fruit juice.
So basically, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is found in most things intended to be preserved.

WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE?
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite loves water.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is hygroscopic and absorbs water from anywhere E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite can get it, including the air.
From absorbing moisture E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite can become heavier than E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite actually is itself.

This trait also makes E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite very soluble in water.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite with more than 65.0% concentration of Sulfite (SO2) releases sulfur dioxide when in water.
When with aldehyde and ketones E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite forms bisulfite adducts (a compound with all of the atoms of its original components).

Basically, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite creates bisulfite.
In sulfonic acid E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite isolates aldehyde and ketones.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is stable in ordinary conditions.

IS E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE SAFE TO EAT?
Yes, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite almost has no side effects and the safety has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), as well as the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).

FDA
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used as a preservative except in meats, foods recognized as a source of vitamin B1 and fresh fruits or vegetables. 

EFSA
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite (E223) is listed in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 as an authorised food additive and categorized in “additives other than colours and sweeteners” .

Safety re-evaluation in 2016
EFSA concluded that the current group ADI of 0.7 mg expressed as SO2 equivalent/kg bw per day for E220-E228 was temporary and would be re-evaluated due to the uncertainties and limitations in the database.

THE FOLLOWING FOOD MAY CONTAIN E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE:
*Fresh, Peeled, cut and shredded, Frozen, Dried fruit and vegetables: such as table grapes, peeled potatoes, frozen and deep-frozen potatoes, dried coconut, dried mushrooms, dried ginger, dried tomatoes, dried apples, pears and bananas
Jams, jellies and marmalades
Dry biscuits
Beer and malt beverages
Cider and perry
Fruit wine and made wine

IN WHICH FOODS DO WE ENCOUNTER E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE?
*Fresh, Peeled, cut and grated, Frozen, Dried fruits and vegetables: table grapes, peeled potatoes, frozen and deep-frozen potatoes, dried coconut, dried mushrooms, dried ginger, dried tomatoes, dried apples, pears and bananas.
*Jams, jellies and marmalades
*Dry biscuits
*Beer and malt beverages
*In cider or fruit wines
*Vinegars

BENEFITS OF E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE:
*Food-grade quality: 
Safe for use in food and beverage applications

*Preservative and antioxidant: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite protects against microbial growth and oxidation

*Enhances shelf life: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite maintains the freshness and quality of food products

*Versatile use: 
Suitable for various food and beverage applications

*Certified with E-number E223: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite complies with food safety regulations

WHAT ARE SOME PRODUCTS THAT CONTAIN E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE?
Steroid creams and ointments such as Trimovate and Timodine
Antifungal creams such as Nizoral, Daktarin Gold cream, Daktarin intensive

Medicated creams such as Piroxicam gel
Foam enemas including Pentasa and Asacol

Cosmetics including fake tanning products, skin lighteners, shampoo, make-up, hair dyes
Some local anaesthetics, especially those containing epinephrine (adrenaline)

Eye drops including Betagan and Yellox
Some injections including gentamicin, morphine, chlorpromazine, dexamethasone, dopamine

Some medications including Tylex, rifampicin syrup, paracetamol.
In the workplace

Food and drink manufacturing and handling
Printing, wood, pulp and paper processing

Hairdressing products
Photographic chemicals

Rubber manufacturing, glass making
Swimming pool chemicals
Water and sewage treatment, cleaning and laundry products.

HOW IS E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE PRODUCED?
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite can be made from the reaction between sulfur dioxide and sodium carbonate.
SO2 + Na2SO3 → Na2S2O5

Solvay production process;
Reaction between sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) solution to form a mixed solution of sodium bisulfite and sodium sulfite (Na2SO3).
Na2CO3+2NaHSO3 = Na2SO3+H2O+CO2

Convert dissolved sulfur dioxide to sodium bisulfite by adding an alkaline component, such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or sodium sulfite, or mixtures thereof.
Na2CO3+H2O+SO2=2NaHSO3+CO2

Obtaining E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite through two molecules of sodium bisulfite, reacts with cooling of the above sodium bisulfite solution, and follows purification and drying to produce crystals or powder.
2NaHSO3 = Na2S2O5+H2O

WHERE IS E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE USED?
*Preservative Agent: 
Thanks to the sulfur atom, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite prevents the reproduction of microorganisms in food preservation, protects the food and is used as an antioxidant, while also extending the shelf life of the food.

*Bleaching agent: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used in dry foods and vegetables.

*Food: 
In biscuit dough, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite loosens the dough, shortens the resting time and accelerates the kneading process by reacting with disulfide bonds.

*Cleaning: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used in the production of cleaning agents, detergents and soaps, disinfectant in cosmetics

*Industry;
Pharmaceuticals: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used for the purification of chloroform, phenyl propyl sulfone and benzaldehyde.

*Printing and dyeing: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a dechlorinating agent for bleached cotton.

*Leather: 
In leather processing, E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite gives the leather its soft, waterproof and folding resistance properties.

*Gold refining: 
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is used as a reducing agent to precipitate gold from an aqua regia solution by reducing Au³⁺ to Au.

IS EATING E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE HARMFUL?
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite is approved as safe by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).

E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE VS POTASSIUM METABISULFITE?
Both are wine making ingredients and add sulfites to wines. 
The main difference between them is E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite will add sodium ions in the wine while potassium metabisulfite will leave potassium ions.

The latter is usually preferred for the following three reasons:
Not bringing any dietary intake of sodium which will raise the blood pressure.

Potassium ions stabilize and promote the release of tartaric acid.
E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite gives the wine a salty taste.

E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE VS SODIUM BISULFITE?
Both are sulfites but totally different. 
Chemical formula of sodium bisulfite is NaHSO3, and with the E number E222. 

Sodium bisulfite is commonly a mixture of sodium bisulfite and E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite, while the latter is a pure product. 
And it is convenient and cheaper to replace bisulfite with metabisulfite.

From the above manufacturing process of E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite, we can know, it is hard to produce the pure form of crystal sodium bisulfite as it crystallizes to E 223 Sodium Metabisulfite.
That’s why the European food additive number E222 specifies “NaHSO3 in aqueous solution” instead of its powder or granular.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE:
Chemical formula: Na2S2O5
Molar mass: 190.107 g/mol
Appearance: White to yellow powder
Odor: Faint SO2
Density: 1.48 g/cm3
Melting point: 170 °C (338 °F; 443 K) decomposition begins at 150 °C
Solubility in water:
45.1 g/100 mL (0 °C)
65.3 g/100 mL (20 °C)
81.7 g/100 mL (100 °C)

Solubility:
Very soluble in glycerol
Slightly soluble in ethanol
Physical state: Solid
Appearance: Crystals
Colour: White
Odour: No data available
Odour threshold: No data available
pH: 4.0 - 4.8 (5% aq. solution, @ 20°C)
Relative evaporation rate (butylacetate=1): No data available
Melting point: > 300 °C
Freezing point: Not applicable

Boiling point: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Auto-ignition temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): Non flammable
Vapour pressure: No data available
Relative vapour density at 20 °C: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Density: 1.40 - 1.48 kg/l

Solubility: Water: 650 g/l @ 20°C
Log Pow: -3.7 n-octanol/water
Molecular Weight: 190.11 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 189.89825401 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 189.89825401 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 125 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9

Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 136
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Linear Formula: Na2S2O5
CAS Number: 7681-57-4

Molecular Weight: 190.11
EC Number: 231-673-0
MDL number: MFCD00167602
UNSPSC Code: 12352302
PubChem Substance ID: 329750183
NACRES: NA.21
form: powder or crystals
Physical state: powder
Color: colorless
Odor: pungent
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: > 300 °C

Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 4,5 at 50 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: 650 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 2,36 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

FIRST AID MEASURES of E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of E 223 SODIUM METABISULFITE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available