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E 960 is the chemical compounds responsible for the sweet taste of the leaves of the South American plant Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae) and the main ingredients (or precursors) of many sweeteners marketed under the generic name stevia and several trade names.
They also occur in the related species S. phlebophylla (but in no other species of Stevia) and in the plant Rubus chingii (Rosaceae).
E 960 from Stevia rebaudiana have been reported to be between 30 and 320 times sweeter than sucrose, although there is some disagreement in the technical literature about these numbers.
CAS: 58543-16-1
MF: C44H70O23
MW: 967.01
EINECS: 611-696-6
They are heat-stable, pH-stable, and do not ferment.
E 960 do not induce a glycemic response when ingested, because humans cannot metabolize stevia.
The acceptable daily intake (ADI) for E 960, expressed as steviol equivalents, has been established to be 4 mg/kg body weight/day, and is based on no observed effects of a 100 fold higher dose in a rat study.
E 960 contain a substance called stevioside which is 300 times sweeter than sucrose - white sugar.
E 960 has zero caloric value.
To E 960 beneficial effect belongs also that it effectively kills various types of bacteria in oral microflora, which is one reason why E 960 is used for rinsing the mouth.
The scientific research shows that American Indians consuming this herb almost did not suffer from tooth caries.
E 960 is almost miraculous a herb for diabetics and people who want to lose weight, but not only for them.
Sweet substances in E 960 does not cause an increase in blood sugar levels.
Since it is a natural substance E 960 Steviol as not followed by CEFF an artificial sweetener and is allowed by CEFF rules.
E 960 is a steviol glycoside, α-glucosidase inhibitor with IC50 of 35.01 μg/ml.can inhibit ATP-sensitive K+-channels.
Target: α-glucosidase IC 50: 35.01 ug/mLIn vitro: E 960 stimulat the insulin secretion from MIN6 cells in a dose- and glucose-dependent manner.
In conclusion, the insulinotropic effect of E 960 is mediated via inhibition of ATP-sensitive K+-channels and requires the presence of high glucose.
In vivo: in vivo mouse micronucleus test at doses up to 750 mg/kg bw and an unscheduled DNA synthesis test in rats at doses up to 2000 mg/kg bw, rebaudioside A do not cause any genotoxic effects at any of the doses tested.
Structure
These compounds are glycosides of steviol.
Specifically, their molecules can be viewed as a steviol molecule, with its carboxyl hydrogen atom replaced by a glucose molecule to form an ester, and a hydroxyl hydrogen with combinations of glucose and rhamnose to form an acetal.
The E 960 found in S. rebaudiana leaves, and their dry weight percentage, include:
Stevioside (5–10%)
Dulcoside A (0.5–1%)
Rebaudioside A (2–4%)
Rebaudioside B
Rebaudioside C (1–2%)
Rebaudioside D
Rebaudioside E
Rebaudioside F
Rubusoside
Steviolbioside
The last three are present only in minute quantities, and E 960 has been claimed to be a by product of the isolation technique.
A commercial E 960 mixture extracted from the plant was found to have about 80% stevioside, 8% rebaudioside A, and 0.6% rebaudioside C.
The Chinese plant Rubus chingii produces rubusoside, a E 960 not found in Stevia.
According to the EU Stevia Regulation of 13 July 2021, however, rubusoside is one of the eleven major E 960 components of Stevia, extracted from the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana.
E 960 and rebaudioside A were first isolated in 1931 by French chemists, Bridel and Lavielle.
Both compounds have only glucose subgroups: E 960 has two linked glucose molecules at the hydroxyl site, whereas rebaudioside A has three, with the middle glucose of the triplet connected to the central steviol structure.
Early sensory tests led to claims that E 960 was 150 to 320 times sweeter than sucrose, stevioside was 10 to 270 times sweeter, rebaudioside C 40 to 60 times sweeter, and dulcoside A 30 times sweeter.
However, a more recent evaluation found E 960 to be about 240 times sweeter, and stevioside about 140 times.
E 960 also had the least bitterness and aftertaste.
The relative sweetness seems to vary with concentration: a mix of steviol glycosides in the natural proportions was found to be 150 times sweeter than sucrose when matching a 3% sucrose solution, but only 100 times sweeter when matching a 10% sucrose solution.
Description
E 960 is a natural non-caloric sweetener.
E 960 is one of the predominant steviol glycosides isolated from S. rebaudiana leaves.
E 960 increases glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in a 2-dimensional mouse intestine model.
In a two bottle preference test, mice drink more water containing E 960 than unsweetened water, though saccharin-sweetened water is still preferred.
E 960 is metabolized by gut microbiota to steviol , a compound whose safety is widely studied.
Consumption of E 960 formulations by pre-diabetic patients did not increase fasting or 2 hour plasma glucose levels or insulin levels.
E 960 also known as stevia extract or stevia sweetener, are a series of high intensity sweeteners naturally and together present in the leaves of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni).
Their sweetness is around 200-300 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar).
With the advantage of zero calorie, does not raise blood sugar (glycemic index 0) and extracted from a natural plant source, E 960 is widely used in sugar-free and reduced-calorie food & beverage, with the European food additive number E960.
E 960 seems the more the number of glucose moieties, the better sweet, and less bitter taste of the steviol glycoside.
E 960 has three, rebaudioside A has four and rebaudioside M has six glucose moieties. Among the three, reb M tastes the best, reb A next and then stevioside.
E 960 contain 6%-10% stevioside, 2%-4% rebaudioside A and 1%-2% other minor steviol glycosides (rebaudioside B, C, D, E, F and M, steviolbioside, rubusoside and dulcoside A).
E 960 is a rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside.
E 960 has a role as a sweetening agent.
E 960 is a beta-D-glucoside, a tetracyclic diterpenoid and a rebaudioside.
E 960 derives from a rubusoside and a beta-D-Glcp-(1->2)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1->3)]-beta-D-Glcp.
High-purity (95% minimum) of individual or combined E 960 can be considered as GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) by the FDA.
For example, FDA had no questions regarding Guilin Layn's conclusion that E 960's reb A (≥97% by weight (w/w)) is GRAS as a table top sweetener and as a general purpose sweetener in foods, excluding meat and poultry products and infant formulas.
E 960's safety has also been approved by the EFSA, JECFA, FSANZ and other authorities.
E 960 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 235°C(lit.)
Boiling point: 1102.8±65.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.59±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
Vapor pressure: 0-1198Pa at 20-50℃
FEMA: 4601 | REBAUDIOSIDE A
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly), Water (Sparingly)
Form: neat
pka: 12.51±0.70(Predicted)
Color: White to Off-White
Optical activity: [α]/D -33.0±3.0°, c = 1% in H2O
BRN: 6470556
Stability:: Hygroscopic
LogP: -1-2.61 at 20-25℃ and pH7
Uses
E 960 is a glycoside from the stevia plant.
E 960 is used as a sweetener with sweetness about 300 times that of sugar with negligible effect on blood glucose.
As a result, E 960 is known for its application in treatment of many diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure and weight loss in some places.
E 960 is used as a food additive and in dietary supplements.
Natural sweetener to diabetics and others on carbohydrate-controlled diets
E 960 is a natural, highly processed calorie free sweetener obtained from the leaves of the plant stevia rebaudiana bertoni.
E 960 is a steviol glycoside in which the steviol’s carboxyl and hydroxyl hydrogen atom is replaced with glucose, it has three linked glucose molecules at the hydroxyl site.
E 960 is 300–400 times sweeter than sugar and the least bitter of the glycosides.
E 960 is ph and heat stable with good solubility in water.
uses include beverages, table top sweetener, general foods.
E 960 is also termed reb a, stevia extract, stevia.
E 960 is a glycoside from the stevia plant.
E 960 is used as a sweetener with sweetness about 300 times that of sugar with negligible effect on blood glucose.
As a result, E 960 is known for its application in treatment of many diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure and weight loss in some places.
Benefits
Zero calories
No carbohydrate
Does not raise blood glucose or insulin levels (Zero Index Glycemic), safe for people with diabetes
Keto, Vegan, and Gluten-Free
Biological Activity
E 960 is a natural non-caloric sweetener.
E 960 is one of the predominant steviol glycosides isolated from S. rebaudiana leaves.
E 960 increases glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in a 2-dimensional mouse intestine model.
In a two bottle preference test, mice drink more water containing E 960 than unsweetened water, though saccharin-sweetened water is still preferred.
E 960 is metabolized by gut microbiota to steviol, a compound whose safety is widely studied.
Consumption of E 960 formulations by pre-diabetic patients did not increase fasting or 2 hour plasma glucose levels or insulin levels.
Synonyms
Rebaudioside A
58543-16-1
Stevioside A3
Rebaudioside-A
Truvia
Sweetener 4G-S
REBAUDIOSIDEA
Rebiana
Rebaudiana a
Sooolite!-Pure
Reb-A 97
Reb A
Reb-A
B3FUD0528F
19-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-13-O-(beta-glucopyranosyl(1-2)-beta-glucopyranosyl(1-3))-beta-glucopyranosyl-13-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid
19-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-13-O-(beta-glucopyranosyl(1-2)-beta-glucopyranosyl(1-3))-beta-glucopyranosylsteviol
Stevia Powder
Stevia
Pure Via
Glycoside A3
Chrysanta AR-P
REBAUDIOSIDE A [MI]
UNII-B3FUD0528F
REBAUDIOSIDE A [FCC]
REBAUDIOSIDE A [INCI]
CCRIS 6119
DTXSID8047898
REBAUDIOSIDE A [USP-RS]
SCHEMBL19769999
SG 95RA50
CHEBI:145012
RA 95
HY-N0466
Rebaudioside A, >=96% (HPLC)
MFCD02183463
s3796
Glycoside A3, from Stevia rebaudiana
AKOS037748820
ZINC242498440
CCG-270597
CS-5793
DB15136
AS-18742
Rebaudioside A, analytical reference material
Q63408635
Rebaudioside A, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
(4.ALPHA.)-13-((O-.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL-(1->2)-O-(.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL-(1->3))-.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL)OXY)KAUR-16-EN-18-OIC ACID .BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL ESTER
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1R,4S,5R,9S,10R,13S)-13-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl](1R,4S,5R,9S,10R,13S)-13-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate
1-O-(13alpha-{[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy}-18-oxo-5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha-kaur-16-en-18-yl)-beta-D-glucopyranose
13-[(2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester
