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GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE

Glycerin monostearate = Monostearin

CAS-No. : 31566-31-1
EC / List no.: 250-705-4

Glycerol monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier in foods.
Glycerin monostearate takes the form of a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic. 
Chemically it is the glycerol ester of stearic acid.

Glycerol monostearate exists as three stereoisomers, the enantiomeric pair of 1-glycerol monostearate and 2-glycerol monostearate. 
Typically these are encountered as a mixture as many of their properties are similar.

Commercial material used in foods is produced industrially by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (from either vegetable or animal fats) and glycerol.
Glycerol monostearate occurs naturally in the body as a product of the breakdown of fats by pancreatic lipase. 
Glycerin monostearate is present at very low levels in certain seed oils.

GMS is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anticaking, and preservative agent; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents; a protective coating for hygroscopic powders; a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals; and a resin lubricant. 
It is also used in cosmetics and hair-care products.

GMS is largely used in baking preparations to add "body" to the food. 
Glycerin monostearate is somewhat responsible for giving ice cream and whipped cream their smooth texture. 
Glycerin monostearate is sometimes used as an antistaling agent in bread.

Glycerin monostearate can also be used as an additive in plastic, where GMS works as an antistatic and antifogging agent. 
This is common in food packaging. 

Compounds
(Mix): Mixture of 1- and 2- isomers
(1-): 1-glycerol monostearate
(2-): 2-glycerol monostearate

CAS Number:    
(Mix): 31566-31-1 check
(1-): 123-94-4
(2-): 621-61-4

3D model (JSmol)    
(Mix): Interactive image
Abbreviations    GMS
ChEMBL    : (Mix): ChEMBL255696 
ChemSpider    :  (Mix): 23095 
ECHA InfoCard    100.004.242
KEGG    : (Mix): D01947 

PubChem CID    
(1-): 24699
(2-): 79075

CompTox Dashboard (EPA)    
(Mix): DTXSID7029160 Edit this at Wikidata

Properties
Chemical formula:     C21H42O4
Molar mass:    358.563 g·mol−1
Appearance    :White solid
Density    :1.03 g/cm3

Melting point:
(Mix) 57–65 °C (135–149 °F)
(1-) 81 °C (178 °F) [1]
(2-) 73–74 °C (163–165 °F) [2]

Solubility in water:    Insoluble

Hazards
Flash point:    230 °C (446 °F) (open cup)

Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture: Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
Label elements: Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
Other hazards : This substance/mixture contains no components considered to be either persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT), or very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) at levels of 0.1% or higher.

Molecular weight : 358,56 g/mol
CAS-No. : 31566-31-1
No components need to be disclosed according to the applicable regulations

Description of first-aid measures
If inhaled: If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Glycerin monostearate case of skin contact: Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Glycerin monostearate case of eye contact: Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
If swallowed : Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed: The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling and/or in section 11
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed: No data available.

Firefighting measures
Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides
Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Further information: No data available

Accidental release measures
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. 
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.
For personal protection see section 8.
Environmental precautions: No special environmental precautions required.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. 
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.


Exposure controls
Appropriate engineering controls: General industrial hygiene practice.
Personal protective equipment
Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection: Handle with gloves. 
Gloves must be inspected prior to use. 
Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. 
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. 
Wash and dry hands.
The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of Regulation (EU) 2016/425 and the standard EN 374 derived from it.
Body Protection: Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place.
The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection: Respiratory protection is not required. 
Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. 
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure: No special environmental precautions required.

Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE are esterification products of glycerin and stearic acid. 
Glyceryl Stearate is a white or cream-colored wax-like solid.

Glyceryl Stearate SE is a "Self-Emulsifying" form of Glyceryl Stearate that also contains a small amount of sodium and or potassium stearate.

In cosmetics and personal care products, Glyceryl Stearate is widely used and can be found in lotions, creams, powders, skin cleansing products, makeup bases and foundations, mascara, eye shadow, eyeliner, hair conditioners and rinses, and suntan and sunscreen products.

Glyceryl Stearate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. 
It also slows the loss of water from the skin by forming a barrier on the skin's surface. 
Glyceryl Stearate, and Glyceryl Stearate SE help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified.

Glyceryl Stearate is made by reacting glycerin with stearic acid, a fatty acid obtained from animal and vegetable fats and oils.

Glyceryl Stearate SE is produced by reacting an excess of stearic acid with glycerin. 
The excess stearic acid is then reacted with potassium and/or sodium hydroxide yielding a product that contains Glyceryl Stearate as well as potassium stearate and/or sodium stearate.

Glyceryl monostearate is an organic molecule formed from glycerol and stearic acid. 
It's often found in holistic creams and lotions because of its powerful ability to deeply restore moisture. 
GMS is also a very effective emulsifier, helping to unite both the water- and oil-based ingredients.*

Nourishing properties:
Hydrates skin
Aids emulsification

The IUPAC name of Glyceryl monostearate is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate. 
With the CAS registry number 11099-07-3, it is also named as Octadecanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol. 
The other registry numbers are 136626-20-5, 37220-83-0, 37271-86-6, 37318-98-2, 39468-00-3, 8067-25-2 and 902146-84-3. 
Glycerin monostearate is white waxy solid which can be soluble in hot alcohol, chloroform, benzene and carbon disulfide, insoluble in water, petroleum ether, ether and cold ethanol. 
Additionally, this chemical should be sealed in the container and stored at the temperature of -20 °C.

The other characteristics of this product can be summarized as: 
(1)ACD/LogP: 7.23; 
(2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 1; 
(3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 7.23; 
(4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 7.23; 
(5)#H bond acceptors: 4; 
(6)#H bond donors: 2; 
(7)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 22; 
(8)Index of Refraction: 1.468; 
(9)Molar Refractivity: 104.14 cm3; 
(10)Molar Volume: 374 cm3; 
(11)Polarizability: 41.28×10-24 cm3; 
(12)Surface Tension: 37.1 dyne/cm; 
(13)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 85.38 kJ/mol; 
(14)Vapour Pressure: 4.23E-11 mmHg at 25°C; 
(15)Rotatable Bond Count: 20; 
(16)Exact Mass: 358.30831; 
(17)MonoIsotopic Mass: 358.30831; 
(18)Topological Polar Surface Area: 66.8; 
(19)Heavy Atom Count: 25; 
(20)Complexity: 281.

Preparation of Glyceryl monostearate: Glycerin monostearate can be obtained by the esterification of glycerol and stearic acid.

Uses of Glyceryl monostearate: Glycerin monostearate is not only an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents, but also a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anti caking, and preservative agent. 
And it is also used as a protective coating for hygroscopic powders. 
In addition, Glyceryl monostearate is used as a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals. 
Glycerin monostearate is also used in cosmetics and hair care products.

A synthetic wax used for emulsifying cosmetics. 
Can cause allergic reactions. 
Avoid.

1-monostearoylglycerol is a 1-monoglyceride that has stearoyl as the acyl group. 
Glycerin monostearate has a role as an algal metabolite and a Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite.
Glycerol monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is the glycerol ester of stearic acid . 
Glycerin monostearate is commonly used as an emulsifier in foods.

IUPAC name
1,3-Dihydroxypropan-2-yl octadecanoate 2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
Molecular formula
C42H84O8
Molar Weight [g/mol]
717.110

Glyceryl monostearate, also called monstearin or glyceryl stearate, is a hard, waxy mass, powder or flake ingredient, which is typically white.
It is derived from vegetable oils.

Glyceryl monostearate is often used as an emulsifier. 
Glycerin monostearate is found in dozens of personal care products, such as moisturizers, eye cream, sunscreen, makeup, hand cream, and other products.
Glyceryl monostearate is also used in foods as a thickener.

We use glyceryl monostearate in several of our products as a moisturizer. 
The FDA has deemed the ingredient generally recognized as safe (GRAS), and Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in its body care quality standards.
The Cosmetics Ingredient Review has also deemed the ingredient safe for use in cosmetics.
Research shows that the ingredient is not a strong skin irritant or sensitizer.

Commercially, glyceryl monostearate is produced by combining mono-, di- and triglycerides of stearic and palmitic acids.

Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is an effective emulsifier used in the baking industry available in the form of small beads, flakes, or powders. 
In addition to emulsification, GMS is a thickening agent and a  stabilizer.

In baking, Glycerin monostearate is used to improve dough quality and stabilize fat/protein emulsions.

Origin
The first known emulsifier was egg yolk, often used to disperse liquid oil into an acidic aqueous phase. Mono- and diglycerides were first synthesized in 1853 and were extensively used in shortening and margarine formulations by the 1930s.

Composition
GMS is a non-ionic ester of glycerol and stearic acid. It is soluble in ethanol at 122°F (50°C) but immiscible with water. 
Glycerin monostearate often consists of a mixture of mono, di, and triesters of fatty acids occurring in food oils and fats. 
They may contain small amounts of free fatty acids and glycerol.

Commercial Production
GMS is produced either through heating oils/fats with excess glycerol or by direct esterification of glycerol (of animal or plant sources) with stearic acid. 
The proportion of monoester formed is dependent on the proportion of glycerol and reaction temperature range of 86-140°F (60-80°C). 
Further purification is carried out by high vacuum distillation.

Function
The ratio of hydrophilic to lipophilic moieties, called hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) is used in classifying emulsions. 
HLB values range from 0-20 with lower values indicating dominant lipophilic character while higher values indicate hydrophilic character. 
GMS has a HLB value of 3.8, making it lipophilic and suitable for uses in w/o emulsions, such as batters and doughs, dairy and other products.

GMS is used in a paste form, i.e. mixed with water and other ingredients to improve gel stability. 
Glycerin monostearate is an unsaturated monoglyceride and offers better stability than other unsaturated monoglycerides, such as oleic acid.4

Glycerin monostearate is used in the baking industry to:

Help in the formation and maintenance of uniform dispersions of immiscible solvents.
Stabilize emulsions via displacing proteins from oil, wax or solvent surfaces.
Improve bread texture, and retard staling due to its complexation with starch amylopectin
Improve aeration of doughs and batters.
Applications
GMS has been used in the following applications:

To improve the physical and rheological properties of the batter and thus better-quality cakes
In breads such as pain courant Français, Friss búzakenyér, naan and roti
In sponge cakes and pancakes for aeration.
Dairy products such as cream, whipped cream, ice cream, cream powder, imitation creams, etc.
Fruit/vegetable spreads, jams, jellies, marmalades

Glyceryl 1-stearate (Glycerol monostearate), commonly known as GMS, is an organic molecule used as an emulsifier. 
GMS is a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic. 
Glycerin monostearate is a glycerol ester of stearicacid. 
Glycerin monostearate occurs naturally in the body as a product of the breakdown of fats by pancreatic lipase, and is also found in fatty foods. 
GMS is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anti-caking, and preservative agent; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents; a protective coating for hygroscopic powders; a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals; and a resin lubricant. 
Glycerin monostearate is also used in cosmetics and hair care products. 
Used in antiperspirants and deodorants, baby care, body care, facial care, sun care, conditioners, facial make-up, creams and lotions-skin care, sprayable emulsions, feet, hands and nails, self-tanning, nail grooming and color cosmetics. 
GMS is largely used in baking preparations to add "body" to the food. 
Glycerin monostearate is responsible for giving ice cream and whipped cream its smooth texture. 
Glycerin monostearate is sometimes used as an anti-staling agent in bread. 
Glycerol 1-stearate is affirmed by FDA as GRAS.

A white or yellowish white, hard waxy mass or unctuous powder or flakes; odourless or slight, agreeable, fatty odour. 
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water; soluble in ether R, benzene R, and ethanol (~750 g/l) TS at 60 ?C. 
Category: Emulsifying agent; cream and ointment base. 
Storage: Glyceryl monostearate should be kept in a tightly closed container, protected from light. 
Additional information: Glyceryl monostearate may contain a suitable antioxidant. 
Self-emulsifying glyceryl monostearate contains additional emulsifying agents. 
Definition: Glyceryl monostearate is a mixture of mono-, di- and triglycerides of stearic and palmitic acids. 
Glyceryl monostearate contains not less than the equivalent of 35.0% of monoglycerides, calculated as C20H40O4, and not morethan the equivalent of 6.0% of free glycerol.

Fatty acid esters, such as glycerol monostearate (GMS) and more particularly ‘high-mono GMS’ containing more than 95% monoester; GMS is in accordance with most food contact regulations. 
Glycerin monostearate can, therefore, be used in all plastics employed for food packaging
fatty amine polyglycol ethers (e.g., cocoamine + 2 EO)
fatty acid diethanolamides (e.g., coconut fatty acid diethanolamide)
fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers (can be used as internal antistats and viscosity modifiers in PVC plastisols or as external antistats in mold release formulations for green tires)

Glyceryl stearate is composed of naturally occuring lipid ingredients glycerol and stearic acid.
Fragrance ingredient, skin-conditioning agent - emollient, surfactant - emulsifying agent, emollient, and emulsifying

Glyceryl monostearate, C21H42O4, also known as monostearin, is a mixture of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monopalmitate , and glyceryl esters of fatty acids present in commercial stearic acid. 
In industry, it can be used as an emulsifier. 
Glycerin monostearate also occurs naturally in the body as a fat metabolite, and is present in foods with high fat content. 
Glycerin monostearate pharmaceuticals, Glycerin monostearate is used as a protective coating for hygroscopic powders, and a solidifier and control release agent.

Pure powder with 90% total monoglycerides
Best used in cakes and other baking applications for moisture retention and shelf-life extension
Can be used in ice creams to prevent drying out or over-sweetening
cold/hot soluble

Glycerol Monostearate (e471) is an emulsifying agent that helps fat and water stay together. 
Glycerin monostearate prevents the formation of fat bloom on confectionery and truffles. 
Glycerin monostearate is applicable to all types of products with water content, and it is particularly recommended for use in water-fat mixtures. 
Glycerin monostearate prevents ice creams from drying out or being too sweet.

Product Description
We offer Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) in Packing - 25 kgs HDPE bags with liners. 
We provide high quality GMS that is produced using sophisticated processing methods and especially formulated ingredients.

Our White Glycerol Monostearate is used as food additive. 
Glycerol Monostearate Additive is an important ingredient used in ice creams as thickening agent, emulsifier in confectionery, cosmetic creams and lotions, hand creams and lotions and vanishing creams. 
Our Glycerol Monostearate is available in the pack of 25 kgs HDPE bags with liners. 
We are one of the internationally reckoned Glycerol Monostearate Additive Manufactures, catering to a wide base of global clients.

Applications:

In Ice cream as thickening agent
Emulsifier in confectionery
Cosmetic Creams Lotions
Hand Creams Lotions
Vanishing Creams etc.

Glycerol Monostearate- GMS commonly known as GMS, is an organic molecule used as an emulsifier.
GMS is a colorless, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic. 
Glycerin monostearate is a glycerol ester of stearic acid. 
Glycerin monostearate occurs naturally in the body as a by-product of the breakdown of fats, and is also found in fatty foods. 
GMS is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anti-caking, and preservative agent, an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes and solvents, a protective coating for hygroscopic powders, a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals, and a resin lubricant. 
Glycerin monostearate is also used in cosmetics and hair care products.GMS is largely used in baking preparations to add "body" to the food. 
Glycerin monostearate is responsible for giving ice cream and whipped cream its smooth texture.

Applications:
As an emulsifier, texture-improver, lubricant, processing aid, clump preventer and appearance improver in food products such as breads, biscuits, icecreams, confectionary, noodles, pasta, coffee whitener, chewing gum, extruded snacks and foods, breakfast cereals, fat spreads, meat products, peanut butter etc.
As a mould release agent and shining agent is PVC . EVA and other polymers processing
As an emulsifier in cosmetics

We are instrumental in manufacturing, supplying and exporting high quality Glycerol Monostearate. 
These products are is used in emulsifier Cosmetic, PVC and other polymer processing. 
In addition to this, we pack these products using premium quality material to retain the effectiveness.

 Composition
Specification    Typical Values
Appearance:     Milk White / Slight Yellow, No impurity, Bead
Odor:     Odorless
Particle size (mm):    0.3-0.8 (Target:0.5)
GMS Content (%):    40 Min
Iodine Value (gI2/100g):    2 Max
Titre (℃):    54-64
Acid Value (mgKOH/g):    5 Max
Glycerin Content (%):    2.5 Max
Soap (as sodium oleate) (%):    6 Max
Moisture (%):    2 Max
Pb (mg/kg):    2 Max
Product Form:    Liquid
Packaging:    PE; Drum; ISO; Bulk

Glyceryl monostearate, also known as monostearin, is a mixture of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate (C21H42O4, CAS Reg. No. 31566-31-1), glyceryl monopalmitate (C19H38O4, CAS Reg. No. 26657-96-5) and glyceryl esters of fatty acids present in commercial stearic acid. 
Glyceryl monostearate is prepared by glycerolysis of certain fats or oils that are derived from edible sources or by esterification, with glycerin, of stearic acid that is derived from edible sources.
The ingredient must be of a purity suitable for its intended use.
Glycerin monostearate accordance, the ingredient is used in food with no limitation other than current good manufacturing practice.
Prior sanctions for this ingredient different from the uses established in this section do not not exist or have been waived.

Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is a single-tailed lipidic monoglyceride commonly used as a nontoxic food additive. 
In this study, we have investigated GMS, specifically its self-assembling properties and subsequent application in drug delivery. 
Results from in silico modeling, corroborated by complementary small-angle neutron scattering, demonstrated vesicle formation; associated phase transitions were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry; dynamic light scattering revealed particle size alterations that occurred in the transition region. 
Spherical morphology of unilamellar vesicles was visualized using transmission electron microscopy imaging. 
Further, hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug loading in GMS vesicles and their amenability to surface modification for hepatic targeting have, in this study, been both predicted through molecular simulation study and demonstrated experimentally. 
The influence of hepatotropic ligands on the stability of drug-loaded GMS vesicles vis-à-vis cholesterol has also been investigated; the resulting GMS-based drug delivery vehicle, its properties enhanced through surface decoration, is envisaged to achieve targeted delivery of its payload to hepatocytes.

GMS is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anti-caking, and preservative agent; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents; a protective coating for hygroscopic powders; a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals; and a resin lubricant. 
Glycerin monostearate is also used in cosmetics and hair care products.


Glycerol monostearate objective of the present investigation was to study the spontaneous self-assembling behavior of stearic acid in the presence of its monoglyceride and to evaluate its potential to be used as drug delivery vehicle. 
Glycerol monostearate interesting feature of this system lies in spontaneous formation of vesicles on hydration of molten mixture of stearic acid (SA) and glyceryl monostearate (GMS) without using any solvent. 
Glycerol monostearate 1H NMR spectrum of a sample was devoid of signals from fatty acid side chain protons, suggesting that upon interaction between SA and GMS, it adopts an orientation in which fatty acid side chains exists in hydrophobic domains separated from hydrophilic headgroup. 
A single endothermic event of optimized formulation was obtained as the inflection point of the jump heat capacity at 57°C. 
To evaluate its feasibility to be used as drug delivery vehicle, ciprofloxacin HCl (CFn) was chosen as a model drug. 
The entrapment efficiency of CFn was found to be 13 ± 3% and 32 ± 4.2% when the formulation was prepared at pH 5.5 and 9.5, respectively. 
When viewed through polarizing filter, discernible Maltese cross was observed describing bilayer structure. 
Glycerol monostearate viscosity profile demonstrates that the both of the formulation follow Newtonian flow. 
Glycerol monostearate size of the vesicles was found to be in the range of 1–3 µm. 
In a 24 hours study period the VES-1c and VES-2c formulation released 95.8% and 82.3% of the drug, respectively. 
The formulation was found to be resistant towards osmotic stress. 
These formulations were found to be biocompatible when studied against J774 macrophages.

Chemical methods of synthesizing monoglycerides (MGs) produce mixture of acylglycerols making the synthesis of MGs of a single fatty acid type not possible through this route. 
Lipases due to their selectivity and specificity offer a useful way of synthesizing highly purified single fatty acid containing monoglycerides. 
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS), a nonionic amphiphilic monoglyceride of glycerol and stearic acid is widely used as emulsifier in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and textile industry. 
In the present work, lipase mediated synthesis of GMS was explored using Novozym 435 and indigenously immobilized Candida antarctica B lipase. 
Direct esterification of glycerol and stearic acid was used as strategy and various parameters that influence synthesis of glyceryl monostearate such as molar ratio of substrates, enzyme load, reaction time and solvent polarity were systematically studied using Novozym 435 lipase. 
Esterification efficiency of indigenously immobilized Candida antarctica B lipase and Novozym 435 was compared for synthesis of GMS and indigenously immobilized Candida antarctica B lipase gave conversion competitive to Novozym 435. 
Indigenously immobilized Candida antarctica B lipase in the presence of homogenous substrate solution using tert-butyl alcohol as the reaction medium, resulted in exclusive production of monoglyceride without formation of diglyceride. 
Continuous production of GMS was also carried out in packed bed reactor and 94% conversion of stearic acid was achieved.

Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is an organic molecule used as an emulsifier in food. 
A glycerol ester of stearic acid, it is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting flaky powder. 
Glyceryl monostearate occurs naturally in the body as a by-product of the breakdown of fats, and is often found in fatty foods.

HallStar GMS Pure is the esterification product of vegetable-derived, high-purity triple-pressed stearic acid with glycerin. 
Glycerol monostearate is one of the most broadly utilized ingredients for personal care products. 
HallStar GMS Pure is typically used as the primary emulsifier, in conjunction with a variety of auxiliary emulsifiers. 
The typical use level is 2  5% in creams and lotions. 
HallStar GMS Pure should be stored in sealed containers and kept in a cool, dry place. 
Prolonged storage above 90°F (32°C) should be avoided. Avoid overheating.

Products & Informations
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is an organic molecule used as an emulsifier in food. 
A glycerol ester of stearic acid, it is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting flaky powder. 
Glyceryl monostearate occurs naturally in the body as a by-product of the breakdown of fats, and is often found in fatty foods.

APPLICATIONS & USES
used as emulsifier , lubricant agent, antifogging agent and antistatic agent in food and daily chemical industry
used as antifogging agent in producing agricultural plastic films
used as antistatic agent in producing packaging films
used as emulsifier for cream cosmetics
used as lubricant agent in producing PVC transparent particles

Packaging
Paper-plastic Compound bag, 25kg net each, PE bags inside available

Storage
shelf life: 1 year
stored in dry and cool places

Glycerol monostearate is used as an emulsifier, resin lubricant, opacifier, emollient, bodying agent in a variety of cosmetic formulations for skincare and haircare. Glycerol monostearate is also used as a thickening, anti-caking and preservative agent. 
Glycerol monostearate is also useful for preventing ice creams from drying out or being too sweet. 
Glycerol monostearate is further used as a foaming agent for the foam-mat drying of papaya. 
Glycerol monostearate is also used as an anti-staling agent in bread.

Light sensitive. 
Incompatible with oxidizing agents.

SolubilitySoluble in hot organic solvents.
Soluble in hot water. 
Slightly soluble in ethanol. 
Insoluble in aliphatic solvents.

Glyceryl Stearate, also referred to as Glyceryl Monostearate, is a fatty acid derived from vegetable oil, Soy Oil, or Palm Kernel Oil; however, it is also naturally occurring in the human body. 
This wax-like substance appears white or cream in color and is produced when Glycerin and Stearic Acid undergo esterification. Traditionally, it is used in formulations for its emulsifying properties.
Glyceryl Stearate SE also contains Sodium Stearate and/or Potassium Stearate. The “SE” of Glyceryl Stearate SE stands for “Self-Emulsifying,” as it is a self-emulsifying form of Glyceryl Stearate.

When applied topically, its Glycerol constituent makes Glyceryl Stearate SE a fast-penetrating emollient that helps to create a protective barrier on the surface of the skin. 
This helps retain hydration and slow the loss of moisture. 
Glycerol monostearate reduced rate of water evaporation helps to lubricate, condition, soften, and smoothe the skin. 
Glycerol monostearate protective properties extend to its antioxidant qualities, which help protect the skin against damage caused by free radicals.

When added to natural formulations, Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE have stabilizing effects on the final product, which means it helps the other ingredients in the formulation to continue functioning effectively in order to go on exhibiting their beneficial properties. 
Glycerol monostearate this way, it helps to balance the product’s pH value and thereby prevents the product from becoming overly acidic or alkaline. 
Furthermore, it helps increase shelf life, prevents products from freezing or from developing crusts on their surfaces, and it helps lessen the greasy nature of some oils that may be added to cosmetics formulations. 
In formulations that are oil-based, the thickening properties of Glyceryl Stearate SE help to scale down the need for co-emulsifiers and, in emulsions with big water phases, Glyceryl Stearate SE can help develop liquid crystal phases as well as crystalline gel phases. 
As an opacifier, it makes transparent or translucent preparations opaque, thus protecting them from or increasing their resistance to being penetrated by visible light. 
This also helps to boost or balance the appearance of pigments and to improve the density of the final product for a luxuriously smooth and creamy texture.

As with all other New Directions Aromatics products, Glyceryl Stearate SE Raw Material is for external use only. 
Glycerol monostearate is imperative to consult a medical practitioner before using this wax for therapeutic purposes. 
Pregnant and nursing women, as well as those with sensitive skin, are especially advised not to use Glyceryl Stearate SE Raw Material without the medical advice of a physician. 
This product should always be stored in an area that is inaccessible to children, especially those under the age of 7.

Prior to using Glyceryl Stearate SE Raw Material, a skin test is recommended. 
Glycerol monostearate can be done by melting 1 Glyceryl Stearate wax flake in 1 ml of a preferred Carrier Oil and applying a dime-size amount of this blend to a small area of skin that is not sensitive. 
Potential side effects of Glyceryl Stearate SE include irritation, rash, stinging, burning, nausea, flatulence, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. 
In the event of an allergic reaction, discontinue use of the product and see a doctor, pharmacist, or allergist immediately for a health assessment and appropriate remedial action. 
To prevent side effects, consult with a medical professional prior to use.

Distilled Glycerin Monostearate

Distilled Glycerin Monostearate (GMS) is made with natural vegetable oil and fat, which is the most widely applied food emulsifier. 
Cardlo’s DM-99 GMS is produced by Germany six-stage distillation equipment. 
It has higher monostearate content (> 99%), lower impurity content, long-term stable physical-chemical indexes and higher emulsifying properties.

Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) Mefenamic acid (MF) Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) Solvent emulsification diffusion technique abstract 
Objective: The aim of present research work was to fabricate and evaluate the Mefenamic acid (MF) loaded Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using Glyceryl monostearate as lipid and tween 80 as surfactant. 
Method: MF loaded SLNs were prepared by Solvent Emulsification diffusion technique. 
Various batches were prepared by hit and trial method varying drug to lipid ratio and surfactant concentration and evaluated for particle size & distribution, particle morphology, zeta potential, percent drug loading and percent drug entrapment efficiency. 
Result: Among various lipids like Glyceryl monostearate, Stearic acid and Palmitic acid, GMS was selected for the fabrication of SLNs it was due to the highest solubility of MF in GMS as compared to other above mentioned lipids. 
Particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, percent drug loading and percent drug entrapment efficiency were found to be 109.7 nm, 0.34, À20.3 mV, 43.00 and 75.45 respectively. 
Morphologically the SLNs were found to be spherical with rough surfaces. 
The optimized formulation exhibited 93.28% cumulative drug release after 24 h, while the release mechanism was found to be Fickian diffusion type.

Appearance : White Odorless Solid

Chemical Name: 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl Octadecanoate

Chemical Formula: C21H42O4

Packaging Type: 25 kg Sacks

Definition and Usage Areas:

Glycerol monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is an organic molecule used as an emulsifier. 
GMS is a hygroscopic, white, odorless and sweet-tasting flaky powder. 
Glycerin monostearate is the glycerol ester of stearic acid. 
Pancreatic lipase naturally breaks down in the body and is found in fatty foods.

GMS is a food additive used as a thickener, emulsifier, anti-caking and preservative; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes and solvents; a protective coating for hygroscopic powders; a solidifying and controlling release agent in pharmaceuticals; and a resin lubricant. 
Glycerin monostearate is also used in cosmetics and hair care products.

GMS is used extensively in cooking preparations to add "body" to food. 
Glycerin monostearate is responsible for the delivery of ice cream and whipped cream to their soft tissues. 
Glycerin monostearate is sometimes used as an anti-snake ingredient in breads.


Usage areas

Glycerin monostearate is used as both emulsifier and stabilizer in the food industry. It is commercially available in powder or bead forms. 
Glycerin monostearate is a food additive with a distinctive odor, white or sometimes beige in color and known in the food industry with the food code e 471.
Glycerin monostearate is a highly effective emulsifier in emulsifying the oil-water phase. 
Glycerin monostearate is also effective in extending the stratification and shelf life of food products. 
Glycerin monostearate is especially used in the bread and bakery products and pastry industry, in the oil industry.
Apart from the food industry, it finds use in the cosmetics, detergent, plastic and pharmaceutical industries.
GMS, which is involved in the formulations of ice cream, starchy products, dairy products, chewing gum, chocolate and other food products; 
Glycerin monostearate is used as a softener in textile products and as a lubricant in plastic products.
Used as an emulsifier in ice cream, GMS prevents the development of coarse ice crystals and gives a smooth texture. 
GMS, which ensures the formation of stable emulsions that do not break down during freezing, improves the shelf life by keeping the ice cream firm and dry without hardening.
GMS for bakery products such as bread and cake; It causes soft, moist, good pore structure in the product, gives white shine and volume to the products, retains moisture, delays spongy structure and staleness, and increases the shelf life of the product. 
With the use of GMS, the amount of egg yolk used in the products decreases and thus reduces the cost.
In chocolate products, GMS provides a good oil dispersion even at high temperatures, reduces stickiness and separation during production and storage, improves texture and consistency, reduces sugar crystallization, reduces the loss of flowering and product-specific shine, prevents products such as caramel and nougat from precipitation on the tooth, It provides better dispersion and stabilization and acts as a plasticizer in chewing gums.
In margarine products, on the other hand, it reduces the tension between oil and water interfaces, which leads to the formation of stable emulsions. 
When used with soy lecithin, the solubility of GMS is increased. 
GMS, which leads to a better mouthfeel in the product and increases its spreadability, emulsifies the water in margarine and stabilizes the water in the oil.

Glycerin monostearate is an anionic monoester of stearic acid with glycerin. 
Glycerin monostearate is an O / W emulsifier and can be used as it is or as a co-emulsifier to adjust the viscosity of the final product. 
Glycerin monostearate is incorporated in face care products providing stability to the final emulsion.

Glyceryl monostearate, also known as monostearin, is a mixture of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate (C21H42O4), and glyceryl esters of fatty acids present in commercial stearic acid. 
Glyceryl monostearate is prepared by glycerolysis of certain fats or oils that are derived from edible sources or by esterification, with glycerin, of stearic acid that is derived from edible sources.

Glyceryl monostearate is waxy to the touch and has a slight, mild fatty odor and taste The USP describes glyceryl monostearate as consisting of not less than 90% of monoglycerides, chiefy glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate.

While the names glyceryl monostearate and mono- and diglycerides are used for a variety of esters of long-chain fatty acids, the esters fall into two distinct grades:
40–55 percent monoglycerides The PhEur 6.0 describes glyceryl monostearate 40–55 as a mixture of monoacylglycerols, mostly monostearoylglycerol, together with quantities of di- and triacylglycerols. 
Glycerin monostearate  contains 40–55% of monoacylglycerols, 30–45% of diacylglycerols, and 5–15% of triacylglycerols. 
This PhEur grade corresponds to mono- and di-glycerides USP– NF, which has similar specifications (not less than 40% monoglycerides).
90 percent monoglycerides The USP32–NF27 describes glyceryl monostearate as consisting of not less than 90% of monoglycerides of saturated fatty acids, chiefly glyceryl monostearate (C21H42O4) and glyceryl monopalmitate (C19H38O4).
The commercial products are mixtures of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate.
Glyceryl monostearate is a white to cream-colored, wax-like solid in the form of beads, flakes, or powder. 
Glycerin monostearate is waxy to the touch and has a slight fatty odor and taste.

glyceryl stearate is an emulsifier that helps form neutral, stable emulsions. 
Glycerin monostearate is also a solvent, humectant, and consistency regulator in water-in-oil and oil-in-water formulations. 
In addition, it can be used as a skin lubricant and imparts a pleasant skin feel. 
glyceryl stearate is a mixture of mono-, di-, and triglycerides of palmitic and stearic acids, and is made from glycerin and stearic fatty acids. 
Derived for cosmetic use from palm kernel or soy oil, it is also found in the human body. 
Glycerin monostearate is very mild with a low skin-irritation profile; however, a slight risk of irritation exists if products contain poor quality glyceryl stearate.

Glyceryl monostearate is also known as monostearin, is a mixture of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monopalmitate, and glyceryl esters of fatty acids present in commercial stearic acid. 
Glycerin monostearate prepared by glycerolysis of certain fats or oils that are derived from edible sources or by esterification, with glycerin, of stearic acid that is derived from edible sources.

Glyceryl monostearate (glycerin monostearate; glyceryl stearate) is widely used in cosmetics. 
Glycerin monostearate is an emulsifying and solubilizing ingredient, dispersing agent, emollient, formula stabilizer, and surface-action agent. 
Employed in baby creams, face masks, foundation, and hand lotions, it is often derived from hydrogenated soybean oil. 
Glyceryl monostearate has little or no G toxicity.

Glyceryl monostearate is prepared by the reaction of glycerin with triglycerides from animal or vegetable sources, producing a mixture of monoglycerides and diglycerides. 
The diglycerides may be further reacted to produce the 90% monoglyceride grade. 
Another process involves reaction of glycerol with stearoyl chloride.
The starting materials are not pure substances and therefore the products obtained from the processes contain a mixture of esters, including palmitate and oleate. Consequently, the composition, and therefore the physical properties, of glyceryl monostearate may vary considerably depending on the manufacturer.

The many varieties of glyceryl monostearate are used as nonionic emulsifiers, stabilizers, emollients, and plasticizers in a variety of food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. 
It acts as an effective stabilizer, that is, as a mutual solvent for polar and nonpolar compounds that may form water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions.
These properties also make it useful as a dispersing agent for pigments in oils or solids in fats, or as a solvent for phospholipids, such as lecithin.
Glyceryl monostearate has also been used in a novel fluidized hot-melt granulation technique for the production of granules and tablets.
Glyceryl monostearate is a lubricant for tablet manufacturing and may be used to form sustained-release matrices for solid dosage forms. 
Sustained-release applications include the formulation of pellets for tablets or suppositories, and the preparation of a veterinary bolus. 
Glyceryl monostearate has also been used as a matrix ingredient for a biodegradable, implantable, controlledrelease dosage form.
When using glyceryl monostearate in a formulation, the possibility of polymorph formation should be considered. 
The aform is dispersible and foamy, useful as an emulsifying agent or preservative. The denser, more stable, b-form is suitable for wax matrices. 
This application has been used to mask the flavor of clarithromycin in a pediatric formulation.

If stored at warm temperatures, glyceryl monostearate increases in acid value upon aging owing to the saponification of the ester with trace amounts of water. Effective antioxidants may be added, such as butylated hydroxytoluene and propyl gallate.
Glyceryl monostearate should be stored in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry place, and protected from light.

Glyceryl Monostearate, Powder, Food Grade is commonly referred to as GMS and is an organic molecule that is often used as an emulsifier. 
It has neither color nor odor but has a sweet taste and is a flaky hygroscopic powder. 
It is naturally occurring in the body and is the by product of fat breakdowns. 
In addition to use as an emulsifier, it is also an anti-caking and thickening agent.

USP NF Name: Mono and Diglycerides
EP Name: Glycerol Monostearate 40-55 (Type I)
UNII Code (FDA): KC98RO82HJ
Preferred Substance Name (FDA): Glyceryl Monostearate
Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients: Glyceryl Monostearate
Chemical description: Consists of mono-, di- and triesters of palmitic (C16) and stearic (C18) acids

A colorless, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic. It is a glycerol ester of stearic acid.
Other Known Names: glycerol monostearate, glycerin monostearate, monostearin
Molecular Formula: C21H42O4
Applications: cosmetics, hair products, pharmaceutical, food additive, thickener, emulsifier, preservative, anti-caking agent

Used as a pharmaceutical aid; 
[Merck Index] Permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products; 
[EPA] Used as an emulsifier, firming agent, flavor enhancer, lubricant or release agent, masticatory substance, and texturizer for foods; 
[FDA] "Glycerol monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is an organic molecule used as an emulsifier." 


Glyceryl Stearate is prepared commercially by high temperature esterification of stearic acid and glycerol or by transesterification of an appropriate triglyceride with glycerine.
(31 Verkade and Van der Lee'4) mixed anhydrous glycerol with the methyl ester of stearic acid in a solution of 1070 sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate and added magnesium oxide to form the Glyceryl Stearate product. 
Bertoni et al.(') reported a similar preparation, although he used a sodium methoxide catalyst and a pyridine solvent. 
Veikhertz'6) reacted stearic acid with anhydrous glycerol for 40 h at 200°C and extracted the Glyceryl Stearate in cold water. 
Cressey") reported a method in which stearic acid triglyceride is hydrolyzed in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. 
Lichnerova'') prepared the I-monoester by first reacting glycerol with acetone to form isopropylidene glycerol.
With the hydroxy groups protected in the 2nd and 3rd positions, the one free primary alcohol group was esterified with the chloride salt of stearic acid. 
The resulting stearic ester was then partially hydrolyzed, resulting in the desired I-glyceryl stearate. 
In addition to these methods, Glyceryl Stearate can be extracted commercially from sea buckthorn, whale oil, and shark liver oil.


Glyceryl Stearatelself-Emulsifying is the esterification product of glycerol and an excess of stearic acid; the excess stearic acid is reacted with potassium hydroxide to produce an emulsifying soap. 
Glyceryl Stearate/SE is prepared by the controlled high-temperature esterification of glycerol and excess stearic acid or by partial saponification of a triglyceride. The excess stearic acid is neutralized with potassium hydroxide to yield a product which contains potassium stearate. 

Glyceryl Stearate is a white or cream-colored wax-like solid with a faint odor and an agreeable fatty taste. 
Glycerol monostearate is soluble in alcohol, petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, and mineral oil but insoluble in water. 
Glyceryl Stearate is characterized by “plastic” flow at temperatures between 20” and 5OOC. 
The chemical and physical properties of Glyceryl Stearate are summarized.
Glyceryl Stearate has a polymorphic crystalline structure with three modifications: a low melting a form and two higher melting forms.
Glycerol monostearate a form is the first to separate when molten glyceryl stearate is cooled. 
Glycerol monostearate a form changes rapidly into the more stable fi form, which in turn slowly changes into the most stable reported a fourth, sub-a form which lacks a defined melting point and readily passes into the a form. 
The transformation of the sub-a form to the a form was reversible; this is an exception to the rule of irreversible crystalline transformation.

Glyceryl Stearate undergoes reactions typical of fatty acid esters including glycerolysis, hydrolysis, transesterification, and enzymatic cleavage. 
Under favorable conditions, Glyceryl Stearate can also autoxidize.
Glyceryl Stearate undergoes hydrolysis in aqueous rnedia.

Glyceryl Stearate is frequently determined by chromatographic analyses. 
These include gas chromatography, reversed-phase partition chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, highperformance liquid chromatography, and absorption chromatography.
Glyceryl Stearate can be analyzed directly or converted, prior to gas chromatographic analysis, to a trimethyl silyl ether Glyceryl Stearate can also be added to acetyl nitrate in silicic acid and the nitrate derivative then separated by chromatographic methods. 
Other analytical methods include x-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, periodimetry, periodic oxidation, electron spin resonance, and infrared Forman and  identified Glyceryl Stearate from other compounds in pharmaceutical creams by a method of channel-type inclusion in urea. 

Both Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl StearatelSE contain such reaction impurities as glycerol, stearic acid, and water.
Commercial Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl StearateISE may contain glyceryl distearate (42-44%), glyceryl tristearate (20-23%), free glycerol (3-5%) and small quantities of soap (if an alkaline catalyst is used in its preparation).
Certain preparations of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl StearateISE also contain mono-, di-, and triesters of palmitic, oleic, and myristic acids, as well as unreacted fatty acids. 
The amount of these ester impurities is varied by the manufacturer to modify product stability and emulsification. 
Molecularly distilled Glyceryl Stearate contains over 90% of the monoeste.

Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl StearateISE are widely used in cosmetics. 
When applied to skin, they produce a waxy, occlusive, water-soluble film, which makes it useful for hand lotions and creams. 
The viscosity of any emulsion that contains Glyceryl Stearate is directly proportional to the amount of Glyceryl Stearate present; Glyceryl Stearate is used to regulate the thixotropic index and viscosity of a cosmetic. 
Products that contain up to 3% Glyceryl Stearate are lotions, whereas those containing 10% Glyceryl Stearate are creams. 
Excessive skin defatting caused by the sulfates and sulfonates in detergent cleansing creams can be avoided by the presence of Glyceryl Stearate. 
Glyceryl Stearate base is used to stabilize a product, decrease water evaporation, make the product freeze-resistant, and keep it from forming surface crusts. 
Glyceryl Stearate also reduces the greasiness of oils used in certain cosmetic preparations. 
Glyceryl Stearate is used in cosmetic products as an opacifier, auxiliary oil/water emulsifier, acid stabilizer, and nonionic surfactant.
Glyceryl Stearate/SE is used as an emulsifier and viscosity regulator. 
It needs no other auxiliary emulsifier to form a stable emulsion unlike Glyceryl Stearate, which requires such surfactants as soap to yield a stable preparation.


Glyceryl monostearate SE (GMS-SE) is is the monoester of glycerin and stearic acid and is of vegetable orign. 
Glycerol monostearate is able to self emulsify as it contains a small amount (3-6%) of potassium stearate.
As it has a relatively low HLB value (5.8) it is useful for making water-in-oil emulsions. 
However, it can also be used as a co-emulsifier and thickener for oil-in-water formulations. 

As a high quality and efficiency food emulsifier,it’s widely used as good emulsification,distribution, and stabilization in food. It has been used in the industry areas of food, medicine, household chemicals ,plastic, packaging and cosmetic etc., It is also a safe food additives which is completely non-toxic and harmless, and there is no restriction intake by the human body . DMG is the safety and high quality food additives.

Properties:
Good Emulsifying, Dispersing, Stabilizing Properties
In the food processing oilwater separation often occurs, in order to improve product quality and prolong shelf life. Emulsifier is usually added during the procession, it will stabilize the mixed phase, and form a uniform emulsion. So that to avoid and prevent oilwater separation, stratification, precipitation happen in food and beverage.

Starch Anti-Aging Effects
DMG can form complexes with protein and starch, and can form insoluble complexes with amylose starch to prevent the recrystallization after cooling to prevent the aging of starch retrogradation, making bread, cake, potato products and other starch-rich foods remain fresh and soft for a long time.

To Improve The Fats Crystallization
Molecular distilled monoglycerides can orient in the surface of greese, control and stabilize greese crystallizing, especially in margarine, shortening and other oils and fats products,. 
Glycerol monostearate can also improve the plasticity and ductility to prevent the condensate layer and so on.

This substance is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
This substance is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

This substance is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, adhesives and sealants, polishes and waxes, fertilisers and coating products.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Formulation or re-packing
This substance is used in the following products: polymers, washing & cleaning products, paper chemicals and dyes, lubricants and greases and textile treatment products and dyes.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Uses at industrial sites
This substance is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, metal surface treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes, lubricants and greases and pH regulators and water treatment products.
This substance is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and printing and recorded media reproduction.

Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as processing aid, as processing aid and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

DISSOLVES IN HOT ALCOHOL; SPARINGLY SOLUBLE TO SOLUBLE IN HOT ACETONE; INSOLUBLE TO VERY SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE IN WATER, BUT MAY BE DISPERSED IN HOT WATER, IF NECESSARY, WITH THE AID OF A SMALL AMOUNT SOAP OR OTHER SUITABLE SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT

100% pure glycerol monostearate powder, a hygroscopic powder that can be used to thicken shakes and formulas.

Glycerol monostearate is a hygroscopic chemical, meaning it draws in water. 
Glycerol monostearate commonly used as an emulsifier in foods, and is an ideal ingredient if you want to thicken your favourite shake or pre-workout formula without using fat-heavy ingredients like milk and cream.
Glycerol monostearate is a glycerol ester of stearic acid. 
Glycerol monostearate typically found in foods that are high in fat.

Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl StearatejSE are the esterification products of glycerine and stearic acid. 
Glyceryl StearateISE contains excess stearic acid reacted with potassium hydroxide to produce a self-emulsifying product. 
Both Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate/SE are white to creamcolored wax-like solids. 
Either ingredient may contain mono-, di-, and triglyceride impurities and fatty acid impurities. 
Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl StearateISE are widely used in cosmetic formulations as emollients, auxiliary emulsifiers, viscosifiers, stabilizers, bases, and surfactants. 
Glyceryl Stearate is used in more than 1200 cosmetic formulations at concentrations of rO.1-50%; Glyceryl Stearate/ SE is used in over 200 cosmetic products at concentrations of z 0.1-50%. 
Glyceryl Stearate is also widely used in foods as a surfactant, emulsifier, and thickener. 
Glyceryl Stearate is an antistalant and dough conditioner in breads and is also used in pharmaceutical bases. 
Glyceryl Stearate has been granted regulatory status as GRAS ingredient, an indirect food additive, a direct food additive, and as an OTC substance. In acute oral toxicity studies in rats, Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate/SE were nontoxic or mildly toxic. 
In chronic studies, 15-25% Glyceryl Stearate in the diet of rats for three consecutive generations had no adverse effects. 
Rats fed a diet containing 25% Glyceryl Stearate for two years developed renal calcifications. 
Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate/SE at concentrations of up to 100% were reported to be mildly irritating or nonirritating to the skin of rabbits. 
In subchronic and chronic dermal toxicity tests, 4-5% Glyceryl Stearate was nontoxic to rabbits but did cause moderate irritation (slight to moderate erythema, edema, atonia, desquamation, and/or fissuring). 
In seven guinea pig sensitization studies, it was concluded that neither Glyceryl Stearate nor Glyceryl Stearate/SE was capable of inducing sensitization. 
In primary eye irritation studies, Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate/SE at concentrations up to 100% were mildly irritating or nonirritating when instilled in the eyes of rabbits. 
Glyceryl Stearate, fed to mice in doses of 50-100 mg/day or 1.5% in the diet until they died, did not induce significant brain or gastric tumor formation, respectively. 
Five percent Glyceryl Stearate did not promote the carcinogenicity of DMBA in mouse skin. Single and Repeated Insult Patch Tests used to evaluate human skin irritation and sensitization potential of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate/SE showed both ingredients to be nonse'3ritizing and nonirritating. 
Products containing 2% Glyceryl Stearate were nonphototoxic anu ionphotoallergic. 
Worker experience shows that Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate/SE are nonirritating to human skin. 

Glyceryl monostearate (GMS), a nonionic amphiphilic monoglyceride of glycerol and stearic acid is widely used as emulsifier in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and textile industry.

Structure, synthesis, and occurrence
Glycerol monostearate exists as three stereoisomers, the enantiomeric pair of 1-glycerol monostearate and 2-glycerol monostearate. 
Typically these are encountered as a mixture as many of their properties are similar.

Commercial material used in foods is produced industrially by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (from either vegetable or animal fats) and glycerol.

Glycerol monostearate occurs naturally in the body as a product of the bre

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