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L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 is a combination compound made up of equal parts—one molecule of L-citrulline and one molecule of malic acid—that are bonded together to form a salt-like complex.
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 itself is a naturally occurring non-essential amino acid that plays a key role in the urea cycle, helping the body eliminate waste products like ammonia and supporting the production of nitric oxide, a molecule that helps to dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow.
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1, the other component in this compound, is an organic acid found in many fruits (especially apples) and is involved in the Krebs cycle, a crucial cellular process that helps generate energy (ATP) from food.
CAS Number: 54940-97-5
Molecular Formula: C10H19N3O8
Molecular Weight: 309.27316
Synonyms:Citrulline malate, L-Citrulline DL-malate (1:1), 70796-17-7, L-Citrulline dl-malate, 54940-97-5, Stimol, L-Citrulline-Dl-Malate, L-citrulline malate, Citrulline malate [WHO-DD], UNII-PAB4036KHO, PAB4036KHO, Stimol (TN), Citrulline malate (salt), L-Ornithine, N5-(aminocarbonyl)-, hydroxybutanedioate (1:1), L-Ornithine, N5-(aminocarbonyl)-, 2-hydroxybutanedioate (1:1), (2S)-2-amino-5-(carbamoylamino)pentanoic acid; 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid, (2S)-2-amino-5-(carbamoylamino)pentanoic acid;2-hydroxybutanedioic acid, CITRULLINE MALATE (SALT) [MI], (S)-2-amino-5-ureidopentanoic acid 2-hydroxysuccinic acid salt, (S)-2-amino-5-ureidopentanoic acid compound with 2-hydroxysuccinic acid (1:1), L-Citrulline DL-Malate 2:1, l-Citrulline dl-malate(1:1), L-Citrulline DL-malate - 1:1, MFCD09839004, L-Citrulline,DL-malate, SCHEMBL319676, CHEMBL4297667, HY-N0391A, DTXSID60970275, BCP11994, AKOS015919504, FC15789, GS-3899, CS-0083737, D07707, Q27286437, 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid--N5-[hydroxy(imino)methyl]ornithine (1/1), 812-225-9, 927-830-4, L-Citrulline DL-Malate 2:1;L-Citrulline DL-Malate 1:1;CitrullineMalate1:1;(2S)-2-amino-5-(carbamoylamino)pentanoic acid: 2-hydroxybutanedioic ac id;citrulline malate(2:1);L-Citrulline DL-Mala;L-Citrulline L-Malat;Malate (salt)
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1, or simply citrulline malate, combines l-citrulline a and malic acid. Malate, also known as malic acid, is a compound that occurs naturally in many fruits.
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 is mostly used as a food additive or preservative.
The combination of Citrulline and malic acid has been shown to promote better absorption and increased bioavailability.
However, some studies have shown that malic acid, on its own, has the potential to support pain management and promote increased physical energy.
Many skincare products also include malic acid for its potential exfoliating properties.
When malic acid is paired with L-citrulline in a 1:1 ratio, the resulting compound is believed to offer both nitric oxide boosting effects from citrulline and enhanced cellular energy production from malate, potentially improving exercise performance, endurance, and recovery.
This 1:1 ratio refers specifically to the molar balance of the ingredients, meaning there's an equal number of citrulline and malate molecules—in contrast to other forms like
2:1 L-citrulline malate, which contains twice as much citrulline as malate.
While both forms are used in sports nutrition and supplements, the 1:1 version may have a slightly different effect profile due to the equal emphasis on malic acid, which may support less muscle fatigue and better aerobic metabolism.
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 is often taken as a powdered supplement, commonly mixed with water or juice before workouts, and is praised by athletes and fitness enthusiasts for its ability to support blood flow, muscle endurance, and post-workout recovery without causing the tingling sensation (paresthesia) associated with ingredients like beta-alanine.
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 is frequently marketed as a performance-enhancing compound, and it's especially popular among athletes, bodybuilders, and endurance trainers because of its dual-action benefits that target both blood flow and energy production at the cellular level.
When consumed, the L-citrulline component is converted into L-arginine in the kidneys, which then serves as a precursor to nitric oxide, a vasodilator that helps widen blood vessels, allowing for increased oxygen and nutrient delivery to muscles during physical activity.
This enhanced circulation may contribute to what's known as the "muscle pump" effect during workouts, which not only improves vascularity and performance but may also support faster recovery by reducing muscle soreness and promoting better waste removal, such as lactic acid buildup.
The malate portion—being derived from malic acid—plays an essential role in the aerobic production of energy, specifically through its involvement in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or Krebs cycle, which is the main biochemical pathway that generates ATP, the body’s primary energy currency.
Because of this, malate may help reduce feelings of fatigue, improve muscle endurance, and contribute to overall energy efficiency, especially during prolonged periods of high-intensity exercise.
In the 1:1 ratio, the balance between L-citrulline and malic acid may provide a more sustained, steady effect, potentially making it suitable for people looking for both endurance and recovery support, rather than just a strong pump or energy boost alone.
Some users find the 1:1 form easier on the stomach compared to the 2:1 variant, which contains more L-citrulline and can sometimes be harder to digest in larger doses.
form: solid
LogP: -1.526 (est)
FDA UNII: PAB4036KHO
UNSPSC Code: 12352200
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 is not only renowned for its ability to enhance exercise performance, but it has also been the subject of research for its potential health benefits in other areas.
By combining L-Citrulline Malate 1:1, which plays a crucial role in the body’s nitric oxide production, with malic acid, a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle, the compound serves as a synergistic blend that supports both the vascular and metabolic systems.
The 1:1 ratio ensures that users benefit equally from both ingredients, potentially providing a balanced effect for both aerobic and anaerobic performance.
One of the most prominent effects of L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 is its ability to improve blood flow through the enhancement of nitric oxide levels.
Nitric oxide acts as a vasodilator, meaning it helps to relax the smooth muscles of blood vessels, allowing them to widen and accommodate greater blood flow.
This improved circulation means that more oxygen, nutrients, and other essential compounds reach muscles during physical exertion, which can enhance endurance, delay fatigue, and speed recovery by reducing muscle soreness and lactic acid accumulation.
Furthermore, the malate component of the supplement is crucial for energy production.
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 is involved in the Krebs cycle, a series of biochemical reactions that produce ATP, the primary energy source for cells.
When used in combination with L-citrulline, malate may help improve cellular energy production, particularly in the mitochondria, which are the powerhouses of the cell.
This could lead to better performance during prolonged physical activity by supporting aerobic metabolism and reducing the onset of muscle fatigue.
Additionally, studies have suggested that L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 can increase nitric oxide production more efficiently than L-arginine alone.
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 is a more commonly known precursor to nitric oxide, but it can be broken down in the liver before it even reaches the bloodstream.
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1, on the other hand, is not as heavily metabolized in the liver, which means it can be more effectively used to increase blood arginine levels and, consequently, boost nitric oxide levels for a more prolonged period.
The effects of this supplement are also linked to improvements in muscle endurance, with studies showing that those who supplement with L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 Malate may experience reduced muscle soreness and improved post-workout recovery.
This is thought to be due to the compound’s ability to help clear lactic acid from the muscles more efficiently, potentially leading to less discomfort and a faster recovery after intense exercise sessions.
Beyond sports and fitness, the benefits of L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 may extend to cardiovascular health as well. Because it boosts nitric oxide production, it may help improve blood vessel function, lower blood pressure, and reduce the risk of heart disease.
Nitric oxide has been shown to have protective effects on the blood vessels by enhancing endothelial function, which is crucial for maintaining vascular health and circulatory efficiency.
In addition, there is growing interest in the compound’s potential to aid in erectile dysfunction (ED), as the enhanced nitric oxide production may help dilate blood vessels in the penile area, potentially improving blood flow and addressing some of the root causes of ED.
Some studies have found that L-citrulline supplementation can improve symptoms of ED, especially when taken over a longer period.
Given the variety of potential uses, L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 has gained popularity not just among athletes, but also among individuals interested in overall health, cardiovascular wellness, and anti-aging benefits.
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 is generally well-tolerated with few reported side effects, making it a safe and effective choice for a wide range of individuals.
Moreover, emerging research has suggested that L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 may have additional benefits beyond athletic performance, such as supporting cardiovascular health, promoting better blood pressure regulation, and even aiding in erectile function, due to its nitric oxide–boosting properties.
As a supplement, it's generally considered safe and well-tolerated, with few side effects at normal dosages, making it a popular option not only among athletes but also among those looking for natural ways to enhance circulation, energy metabolism, and physical performance.
Uses:
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 is commonly used as a performance-enhancing supplement, particularly in the realm of sports and fitness, due to its ability to improve exercise endurance, reduce muscle fatigue, and support faster recovery.
The combination of L-citrulline, an amino acid that enhances nitric oxide production, and malate, which plays a key role in the Krebs cycle for energy production, creates a synergistic effect that boosts blood flow, oxygen delivery to muscles, and cellular energy metabolism during periods of physical exertion.
This makes it especially popular among athletes and bodybuilders who are seeking to increase their stamina, enhance workout performance, and reduce the muscle soreness often experienced after intense physical activities.
Furthermore, L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 is frequently used to support post-exercise recovery by facilitating the clearance of metabolic waste products such as lactic acid from muscles, which can otherwise contribute to the discomfort associated with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS).
By improving the removal of these byproducts and enhancing circulation, the compound helps to speed up recovery times and reduce the inflammatory response in muscles, allowing athletes to train more frequently and effectively.
In addition to its benefits for physical performance, L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 is also commonly used for its potential cardiovascular benefits.
As it helps to increase nitric oxide levels, the compound may support better blood vessel function, leading to improved circulation and lowered blood pressure.
This makes it potentially useful for individuals looking to maintain or improve heart health and vascular function.
The ability to dilate blood vessels and promote vasodilation also contributes to the compound's use in enhancing overall blood flow throughout the body, which can be especially beneficial for individuals dealing with conditions related to poor circulation or high blood pressure.
Additionally, there is growing evidence to suggest that L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 may have positive effects on erectile function due to its nitric oxide-boosting properties, which help increase blood flow to the genital area.
This makes it a potential option for those experiencing mild erectile dysfunction (ED), as it may help improve the natural mechanisms involved in sexual arousal and performance by supporting vascular health and increasing circulatory efficiency.
Beyond fitness and cardiovascular health, L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 is sometimes used by individuals looking to improve aerobic performance during activities like running, cycling, or swimming.
The combination of increased nitric oxide production and improved energy production in the mitochondria through malate provides a unique advantage in endurance sports, where sustained energy and efficient oxygen usage are crucial for optimal performance.
Moreover, some people take L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 as a general wellness supplement to support overall energy levels, reduce fatigue, and enhance physical vitality.
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1’s often included in formulations aimed at increasing energy and focus for people who are seeking a natural way to boost their daily productivity and energy without relying on stimulants like caffeine.
In the realm of anti-aging, L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 may also be beneficial, as nitric oxide has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and cell-protective effects, potentially helping to maintain healthy blood vessels and prevent age-related decline in circulatory function.
This makes it useful for individuals looking to maintain long-term vascular health and physical performance as they age.
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 may also support immune function by improving circulation and nutrient delivery to various tissues, including the lymphatic system, which plays a vital role in immune responses.
Enhanced circulation means that immune cells can travel more efficiently throughout the body to detect and fight off infections.
Some individuals use L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 as part of their immune-boosting regimen, especially during periods of increased stress or illness, to maintain healthy immune system function.
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 has a broad spectrum of applications not only for athletic performance but also for general health and well-being.
This supplement is especially beneficial for individuals engaging in high-intensity exercises such as weightlifting, sprinting, and interval training, where explosive bursts of energy are required.
Due to its ability to enhance nitric oxide production, it promotes greater blood flow to muscles, leading to a more effective nutrient delivery during strenuous activity.
This helps athletes optimize their performance by providing muscles with an ample supply of oxygen and glucose, which are critical for sustaining muscular contractions and delaying fatigue during intense physical exertion.
Moreover, L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 plays a pivotal role in reducing muscle fatigue during endurance activities, like long-distance running or cycling.
The supplement’s dual action of increasing circulatory efficiency and supporting energy production in muscle cells means athletes are better equipped to push through fatigue, maintain stamina, and delay the onset of lactic acid buildup—the primary cause of muscle burn and fatigue during extended periods of exertion.
In this way, it contributes significantly to enhancing endurance and allowing athletes to train harder and for longer durations without feeling as fatigued.
Another area where L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 has garnered attention is its potential to improve cognitive function and focus during physical tasks.
While most commonly recognized for its physical benefits, nitric oxide production has been linked to improved brain function due to better blood flow to the brain.
This means that regular supplementation with L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 could contribute to improved mental clarity, better concentration, and enhanced reaction times, especially when paired with physically demanding activities that require both mental and physical focus, like competitive sports or complex training.
In addition to its athletic and cognitive benefits, L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 has been suggested as a supportive supplement for individuals with chronic health conditions that affect circulation or muscular function.
For people with peripheral artery disease (PAD) or conditions that restrict blood flow, L-citrulline’s ability to increase nitric oxide and improve vascular health may help enhance blood flow to extremities, reducing symptoms such as pain or cramping in the legs during physical activity.
This application has made the supplement of interest among individuals with vascular disorders or chronic fatigue who seek to improve circulatory function and muscle endurance without relying on prescription medications.
Moreover, L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 is gaining popularity in recovery-focused supplements, particularly for those recovering from surgery or illness.
In these cases, the compound can help enhance circulation, reduce inflammation, and support faster muscle tissue repair by improving the supply of nutrients needed for healing.
For example, in post-surgery recovery or after intense physiotherapy sessions, where muscle strength and joint function are compromised, the supplement’s energy-boosting and vascular-supportive properties can help individuals regain strength and mobility more efficiently.
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 may provide a natural alternative to traditional medications like sildenafil (Viagra).
The vasodilation effect produced by the increased nitric oxide levels may help improve blood flow to the penis, which is essential for achieving and maintaining an erection.
Studies have shown that individuals with mild to moderate ED may benefit from L-citrulline supplementation, especially in cases where the condition is related to poor vascular health or blood circulation rather than other underlying health issues.
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1. As nitric oxide plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy blood vessels and circulatory function, regular supplementation may help reduce some of the age-related decline in vascular health that contributes to increased blood pressure and arterial stiffness as we age.
Some studies suggest that maintaining healthy blood circulation into older age may be one of the keys to maintaining physical performance and overall vitality in later years.
Safety Profile:
One of the most commonly reported side effects of L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 is gastrointestinal discomfort.
This can include symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and nausea, especially when taken in large doses.
To reduce the risk of gastrointestinal issues, it is often recommended to start with a lower dosage and gradually increase intake while monitoring for any discomfort.
Taking the supplement with food may also help minimize stomach upset.
Because L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 works by increasing nitric oxide levels, it may cause vasodilation, leading to lowered blood pressure.
This effect can be beneficial for individuals with high blood pressure, but it can also be risky for those who already have low blood pressure or are on medications designed to lower their blood pressure.
Those with hypotension or those taking blood pressure-lowering medications should consult a healthcare professional before using the supplement, as it may cause their blood pressure to drop too low, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting.
L-Citrulline Malate 1:1 may interact with certain medications, particularly those that affect the cardiovascular system.
For example, it may enhance the effects of medications that dilate blood vessels, such as nitrates, nitroglycerin, or blood pressure medications, potentially leading to an excessive drop in blood pressure.
If you are taking medications for conditions like high blood pressure, erectile dysfunction, or heart disease, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting supplementation.
