MALIC ACID

MALIC ACID

CAS No: 6915-15-7
EC No: 230-022-8

Synonyms:

Malic acid; DL malic acid; D-Malic acid; L-Malic acid; 2-Hydroxysuccinic acid; Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (–)-Malic acid; (+)-Malic acid; (S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; dicarboxylic acid; carboxylic acid; 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; 2-Hydroxy succinic acid; 2-Hydroxy butanedioic acid; (S)-Hydroxy butanedioic acid; 
(R)-Hydroxy butanedioic acid; Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-; hydroxysuccinic acid; hydroxybutanedioic acid; Pomalus acid; Malic acid, DL-; alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid; dl-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; Succinic acid, hydroxy-; R,S(+-)-Malic acid; 2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; (+-)-Malic acid; DL-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid; (-)-Malic acid; 
(+-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid; butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-; BUTANEDIOIC ACID, HYDROXY-, (S)-; (+/-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid;v(+-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid; Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (+-); Malic acid, L-; (+/-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID; Hydroxysuccinate; L-(-)-MalicAcid; malicacid; Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-; DL-Malate; 
apple acid; DL-apple acid; L-apple acid; (DL) apple acid; (L) apple acid; D-apple acid; (D) apple acid; Hydroxybutanedioate; Hydroxy butanedioate; malic acid E 296; MALIC ACID E296; R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; Hydroxy Succinic Acid; R-Malic acis; R,SMalate; R,SMalic acid; Hydroxybutanedioic acid homopolymer; (+/-)-Malic acid; 
2-Hydroxysuccinate; R,S-Malic acid; DL-Malic acid, 99%; MALIC ACID,(DL); R,S-Malate; alpha-Hydroxysuccinate; .+-.-Malic acid; a-Hydroxysuccinic acid; 2-hydroxyl-succinic acid; 2-Hydroxydicarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxy-butanedioic acid; Malic acid-, (L-form)-; DL-Malic acid, >=99%; DL-HYDROXYSUCOINIC ACID; Butanedioic acid, (.+-.)-; 
DL(+/-)-MALIC ACID; 2-HYDROXY-SUCCINIC ACID; DL-HYROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID; DL-Malic acid, FCC, >=99; 2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylate; (+/-)-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID; Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, homopolymer; 2-Hydroxybutanedioic Acid; (-)-Malic Acid; (+)-Malic Acid; D-Malic Acid; L-Malic Acid; Malic Acid; Malate; (R)-Hydroxybutanedioic Acid;
(S)-Hydroxybutanedioic Acid; (S)-(−)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid; L-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (R)-(+)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid; D-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; conjugate acid of malate; (S)-(-)-Malic acid; (S)-(-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid; L-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (-)-(S)-Malate; (-)-Hydroxysuccinate; (2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioate;
(S)-(-)-Hydroxysuccinate; (S)-hydroxy-Butanedioate; (S)-Hydroxybutanedioate; L-Hydroxybutanedioate; L-Hydroxysuccinate; S-(-)-Malate; S-2-Hydroxybutanedioate; (-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid; (2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid; (S)-(-)-Hydrosuccinic acid; (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid; CAS No: 6915-15-7; EC No: 230-022-8

MALIC ACID

-Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5. 
-Malic acid is a kind of fruit acid and is an organic compound found naturally in many fruits and vegetables. 
-It was first identified in apple juice and was named after the Latin word for apple, mālum.
-It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive. 
-Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), though only the L-isomer exists naturally. 
-The salts and esters of malic acid are known as malates. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
-L-Malic acid is the naturally occurring form, whereas a mixture of L- and D-malic acid is produced synthetically.
-Racemic malic acid is produced industrially by the double hydration of maleic anhydride. 
-Malic acid, which is one of the intermediate products that occurs in the energy metabolism in plants, animals and humans, has a pure solid powder form, odorless and slightly sour taste.
-Malic acid, which has high metal binding property, is well soluble in water. 
-There is no restriction on the amount of malic acid produced commercially from petroleum products by chemical synthesis as a food additive.

Malic acid is found naturally in fruits including apricots, blackberries, blueberries, cherries, grapes, peaches, pears, and plums. Malic acid is also found in some citrus fruits.In food, malic acid may be used to acidify or flavor foods or prevent food discoloration. It may also be used with other ingredients in cosmetics.

Due to the lack of research, little is known about the safety of long-term or regular use of malic acid supplements. However, there is some concern that malic acid intake may trigger certain side effects such as headaches, diarrhea, nausea, and allergic reactions.

Although malic acid is generally considered safe when applied to the skin in the recommended amount, some people may experience irritation, itching, redness, and other side effects. It's a good idea to test new products.

Also, alpha-hydroxy acids are known to increase your skin's sensitivity to sunlight. For this reason, it's important to use sunscreen along with any alpha-hydroxy acid-containing skin care products.

Note that malic acid should not be used as a substitute for standard care. Acting spontaneously to a condition and avoiding or delaying standard care can have serious consequences.

Using malic acid as part of your skincare routine can help with problems like pigmentation, acne or skin aging. However, keep in mind that testing is a good idea when using new products and to avoid the eye area.

Malic acid is found in fruits and vegetables and is produced naturally in the body when carbohydrates are converted into energy. While some research suggests that malic acid supplements may help people with certain conditions, high-quality clinical studies are needed. If you are still considering using it, consult your doctor before taking it to discuss potential risks and benefits.

Properties of Malic Acid:

-Pleasant and persistent and sour aroma
-High resolution
-Low melting point
-Low hygroscopic properties
-Ability to chelate with metal ions
-Can be blended easily

Benefits of Malic Acid:

-It plays an important role in cell metabolism, helping the body produce ATP. In this way, it makes a great contribution to the energy production of the body.
-Malic acid prevents muscle fatigue. Severe pain in muscles, tendons and ligaments, called fibromyalgia, is accompanied by loss of energy. The muscles are detached quickly and the muscle tissues work harder. Malic acid reverses this fatigue and eliminates symptoms associated with chronic fatigue. It increases the performance of the muscles. A six-month study conducted on 24 fibromyalgia patients by scientists at the University of Texas Health Science Center Drug Department tested the effect of 1200 mg of malic acid-300 mg of magnesium daily. Half of the patients received active treatment and the other half received placebo. At the end of the study, such as relief of pain, reduction of muscle stiffness, more positive mental appearance in patients given malic acid and magnesium; Improvements in symptoms were recorded with no adverse effects. One of the leading scientists, Dr. “The data show that malic acid and magnesium are very safe and can be beneficial for use on fibromyalgia patients. In future studies, malic acid should be used at this dose and continued for at least two months,” he said. In another study conducted in 1995, researchers gave 24 fibromyalgia patients with 50 mg of magnesium and 200 mg of malic acid. When the scientists measured pain with the tender point index as well as self-assessments of the patients, the results showed that the low dose did not reduce fibromyalgia pain in short-term trials. However, it was observed that the pain of patients given high doses for a long period of time decreased. It has been observed that magnesium malate is the most effective form of magnesium in reducing fibromyalgia pain.
-Malic acid reduces the toxic effect of some metals that accumulate in the body. In this way, it prevents the diseases that will occur in the liver and brain. Thanks to its chelating properties, it inactivates metallic toxins.
-Malic acid also helps maintain oral health. It acts as an antiseptic that keeps germs in the mouth, seriously reducing the risk of infection. In this way, it reduces the number of bacteria circulating in and around the mouth. It also increases saliva production. Malic acid is also the most famous ingredient in many toothpastes and mouthwashes.
-Malic acid helps the skin to appear tight and smooth. It minimizes the signs of aging by fading wrinkles and fine lines on the skin. It acts as a natural peeling. However, malic acid may also have side effects such as urticaria, swelling, and rash. Therefore, it should be taken in small quantities and under the supervision of a physician.
-It strengthens the immune system.
-It helps the nerves, muscles and heart to work properly.
-If cattle consume malic acid, the acid ratio in the rumen is balanced and feed consumption increases.

How to produce Malic Acid:

Malic acid is commercially obtained from benzene starting material, a petroleum product. 
In the first stage, benzene is oxidized and converted to maleic acid.
In the second stage, malic acid is obtained by steaming maleic acid under high pressure. 
In addition, malic acid can be produced by fermentation of fumaric acid. Fumaric acid is produced by fermenting glucose.

Malic acid and its salts (sodium, potassium, calcium) are general purpose acid regulators. They have a smooth and sour taste. They have a stronger acidic flavor than citric acid. It is possible to reach the same acidic level by using 20 percent less malic acid than citric acid.

Some foods leave a taste similar to citric acid. In some foods, they create a natural taste perception and effect by making the taste more pronounced. Because of these properties, malic acids are used extensively for different purposes in many industries. Uses of malic acid can be listed as follows:

Malic acid is identified by the code E296. 70 percent of malic acid production in the world is used as an additive in yogurt and as a preservative in beverages.
Among the most common uses of malic acid are foods with fruit flavor. The main ones are carbonated and fruit flavored drinks and syrups.
Malic acid is also used in apple, grape and other fruit juices to stabilize the color of the juice. Another reason for the use of malic acid in beverages is that it dissolves easily, leaves a long-lasting and lasting taste on the palate, and is compatible with different flavors. Adding malic acid to the fruit juice concentrate also enhances the natural flavor of the drink. It also creates a synergistic effect with ascorbic acid. Thus, it prevents oxidation by providing a stable complex with copper and iron.
Malic acid is also used in bleaching products. Its main reason is that it dissolves easily. It is preferred in these products because of their ability to increase shelf life and give permanent taste.
Malic acid is also added to the content of soft drinks.
Malic acid is also used in the production of hard candy, chewing gum, jam, jelly and gelatinous desserts. The primary reasons for preference are the easy interaction of malic acid with other components in the sugar's structure and its ability to increase brightness and clarity.
Malic acid is used in canned products because it provides pH control. Another reason for using malic acid in canned products is to delay browning. It is used as an acidifier in canned tomatoes.
Malic acid is also used in sourdough production.
Malic acid enhances the sweetening effect of diet products. It also prevents the sweet taste left on the palate.
Malic acid is also preferred because it reduces the formation of deposits on beer and dairy products.
Malic acid can be applied safely and smoothly in cleaning metal surfaces. Therefore, malic acid is also used in the content of cleaning products.
Malic acid is used extensively in medicine, paint and metal industries.

Physical Properties:

Form:solid
Colour:colourless
Odour:weak
pH ca. 2,3 at 10 g/l 20 °C
Melting point > 128 - 132 °C
Boiling point/boiling range: Not applicable
Flash point: 203 °C
Density 1,60 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Water solubility 558 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient (noctanol/water) log Pow: -1,26 (experimental) (Lit.) Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Decomposition temperature > 150 °C
Ignition temperature 349 °C
Bulk density ca.800 kg/m3

First aid measures:

After inhalation: fresh air.
In case of skin contact: Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/
shower.
After eye contact: rinse out with plenty of water. Call in ophthalmologist. Remove contact lenses.
After swallowing: immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). Consult a
physician.
Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:

irritant effects

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:

No information available.