MALIC ACID

MALIC ACID

Malic acid CAS Number: 6915-15-7
Malic Acid EC Number: 230-022-8
Malic Acid IUPAC name: 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid

Synonyms:
Malic acid; DL malic acid; D-Malic acid; L-Malic acid; 2-Hydroxysuccinic acid; Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (–)-Malic acid; (+)-Malic acid; (S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; dicarboxylic acid; carboxylic acid; 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; 2-Hydroxy succinic acid; 2-Hydroxy butanedioic acid; (S)-Hydroxy butanedioic acid; (R)-Hydroxy butanedioic acid; Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-; hydroxysuccinic acid; hydroxybutanedioic acid; Pomalus acid; Malic acid, DL-; alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid; dl-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; Succinic acid, hydroxy-; R,S(+-)-Malic acid; 2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; (+-)-Malic acid; DL-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid; (-)-Malic acid; (+-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid; butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-; BUTANEDIOIC ACID, HYDROXY-, (S)-; (+/-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid;v(+-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid; Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (+-); Malic acid, L-; (+/-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID; Hydroxysuccinate; L-(-)-MalicAcid; malicacid; Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-; DL-Malate;  apple acid; DL-apple acid; L-apple acid; (DL) apple acid; (L) apple acid; D-apple acid; (D) apple acid; Hydroxybutanedioate; Hydroxy butanedioate; malic acid E 296; MALIC ACID E296; R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; Hydroxy Succinic Acid; R-Malic acis; R,SMalate; R,SMalic acid; Hydroxybutanedioic acid homopolymer; (+/-)-Malic acid; 
2-Hydroxysuccinate; R,S-Malic acid; DL-Malic acid, 99%; MALIC ACID,(DL); R,S-Malate; alpha-Hydroxysuccinate; .+-.-Malic acid; a-Hydroxysuccinic acid; 2-hydroxyl-succinic acid; 2-Hydroxydicarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxy-butanedioic acid; Malic acid-, (L-form)-; DL-Malic acid, >=99%; DL-HYDROXYSUCOINIC ACID; Butanedioic acid, (.+-.)-;  DL(+/-)-MALIC ACID; 2-HYDROXY-SUCCINIC ACID; DL-HYROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID; DL-Malic acid, FCC, >=99; 2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylate; (+/-)-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID; Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, homopolymer; 2-Hydroxybutanedioic Acid; (-)-Malic Acid; (+)-Malic Acid; D-Malic Acid; L-Malic Acid; Malic Acid; Malate; (R)-Hydroxybutanedioic Acid; (S)-Hydroxybutanedioic Acid; (S)-(−)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid; L-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (R)-(+)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid; D-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; conjugate acid of malate; (S)-(-)-Malic acid; (S)-(-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid; L-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (-)-(S)-Malate; (-)-Hydroxysuccinate; (2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioate; (S)-(-)-Hydroxysuccinate; (S)-hydroxy-Butanedioate; (S)-Hydroxybutanedioate; L-Hydroxybutanedioate; L-Hydroxysuccinate; S-(-)-Malate; S-2-Hydroxybutanedioate; (-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid; (2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid; (S)-(-)-Hydrosuccinic acid; (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid; CAS No: 6915-15-7; EC No: 230-022-8; malic acid; DL-malic acid; 6915-15-7; 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; 2-Hydroxysuccinic acid; 617-48-1; malate; Butanedioic acid, hydroxy; hydroxysuccinic acid; Kyselina jablecna; Deoxytetraric acid; hydroxybutanedioic acid; Pomalus acid; Malic acid, DL-; Musashi-no-Ringosan; alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid; Hydroxybutandisaeure; dl-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; Caswell No. 537; Monohydroxybernsteinsaeure; Succinic acid, hydroxy-; R,S(+-)-Malic acid; 2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; Kyselina jablecna [Czech]; FDA 2018; (+-)-Malic acid; DL-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid; FEMA No. 2655; FEMA Number 2655; Kyselina hydroxybutandiova [Czech]; Malic acid [NF]; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 051101; CCRIS 2950; CCRIS 6567; AI3-06292; HSDB 1202; EINECS 210-514-9; EINECS 230-022-8; NSC 25941; (-)-Malic acid; (+-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid; butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-; BUTANEDIOIC ACID, HYDROXY-, (S)-; MLS000084707; CHEBI:6650; (+/-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid; (+-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid; Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (+-)-; NSC25941; Malic acid (NF); Malic acid, L-; (+/-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID; Hydroxysuccinate; MFCD00064212; NSC-25941; L-(-)-MalicAcid; Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-; DL-Malate; Hydroxybutanedioate; E296; SMR000019054; DL-Apple Acid; DSSTox_CID_7640; DL-Malic acid, 99+%; (R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; DSSTox_RID_78538; DSSTox_GSID_27640; Hydroxy Succinic Acid; R-Malic acid; Malicacid; Malicum acidum; Poly(malate); Malate homopolymer; Poly (L-malate); CAS-6915-15-7; Malic acid L-(-)-form; DL-hydroxysuccinic acid; Kyselina hydroxybutandiova; Aepfelsaeure; Deoxytetrarate; NSC 9232; NSC-9232; a-Hydroxysuccinate; R,SMalate; R,SMalic acid; H2mal; Hydroxybutanedioic acid homopolymer; 2-Hydroxysuccinate; R,S-Malic acid; Racemic malic acid; R,S-Malate; alpha-Hydroxysuccinate; .+-.-Malic acid; a-Hydroxysuccinic acid; (+/-)-Malic acid; Opera_ID_805; 2-hydroxyl-succinic acid; 17482-42-7; 40520-93-2; 57467-17-1; 64887-73-6; DL-Malic acid, 99%; MALIC ACID,(DL); 2-Hydroxydicarboxylic acid; SCHEMBL856; 2-hydroxy-butanedioic acid; bmse000046; bmse000904; EC 210-514-9; EC 230-022-8; Malic acid-, (L-form)-; ACMC-1B8G6; DL-Malic acid, >=99%; Oprea1_130558; Oprea1_624131; KSC353M3D; DL-HYDROXYSUCOINIC ACID; Butanedioic acid, (.+-.)-; DL(+/-)-MALIC ACID; GTPL2480; INS NO.296; 2-HYDROXY-SUCCINIC ACID; DL-HYROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID; CHEMBL1455497; DTXSID0027640; BDBM92495; CTK2F3631; INS NO. 296; INS-296; DL-Malic acid, FCC, >=99%; HMS2358H06; HMS3371C13; 2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylate; DL-Malic acid, analytical standard; ACN-S004262; HY-Y1311; KS-00000X4Q; STR03457; Tox21_201536; Tox21_300372; ANW-43712; s9001; STL283959; AKOS000120085; AKOS017278471; (+/-)-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID; AM81418; CCG-266122; DB12751; LS-2394; MCULE-5852208511; MALİK ASİT; MALİC ACİD; MALİC ASİT; MALIC ACID; MALIC; MALIK ASIT; MALICACID; MALİCACİD; MALİKASİT; malik asit; malic acid; malic asit; malıc acıd; malıc; malık asıt; malıcacıd; malicacid; malikasit; Malik Asit; Malic Acid; Malic Asit; Malıc Acıd; Malıc; Malık Asıt; Malıcacıd; Malicacid; Malikasit; Malic acid; DL malic acid; D-Malic acid; L-Malic acid; 2-Hydroxysuccinic acid; Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (–)-Malic acid; (+)-Malic acid; (S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; dicarboxylic acid; carboxylic acid; 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; 2-Hydroxy succinic acid; 2-Hydroxy butanedioic acid; (S)-Hydroxy butanedioic acid; (R)-Hydroxy butanedioic acid; Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-; hydroxysuccinic acid; hydroxybutanedioic acid; Pomalus acid; Malic acid, DL-; alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid; dl-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; Succinic acid, hydroxy-; R,S(+-)-Malic acid; 2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; (+-)-Malic acid; DL-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid; (-)-Malic acid; (+-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid; butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-; BUTANEDIOIC ACID, HYDROXY-, (S)-; (+/-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid;v(+-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid; Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (+-); Malic acid, L-; (+/-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID; Hydroxysuccinate; L-(-)-MalicAcid; malicacid; Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-; DL-Malate; apple acid; DL-apple acid; L-apple acid; (DL) apple acid; (L) apple acid; D-apple acid; (D) apple acid; Hydroxybutanedioate; Hydroxy butanedioate; malic acid E 296; MALIC ACID E296; R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; Hydroxy Succinic Acid; R-Malic acis; R,SMalate; R,SMalic acid; Hydroxybutanedioic acid homopolymer; (+/-)-Malic acid; 
2-Hydroxysuccinate; R,S-Malic acid; DL-Malic acid, 99%; MALIC ACID,(DL); R,S-Malate; alpha-Hydroxysuccinate; .+-.-Malic acid; a-Hydroxysuccinic acid; 2-hydroxyl-succinic acid; 2-Hydroxydicarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxy-butanedioic acid; calcium (hydroxy-1-malate) hexahydrate; malate; malic acid; malic acid, (R)-isomer; malic acid, calcium salt, (1:1), (S)-isomer; malic acid, disodium salt; malic acid, disodium salt, (R)-isomer; malic acid, disodium salt, (S)-isomer; malic acid, magnesium salt (2:1); malic acid, monopotassium salt, (+-)-isomer; malic acid, potassium salt, (R)-isomer; malic acid, sodium salt, (+-)-isomer; DL-malic acid; 6915-15-7; 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; 2-Hydroxysuccinic acid; malate; hydroxysuccinic acid; Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-; 617-48-1; Kyselina jablecna; Pomalus acid; hydroxybutanedioicacid; Deoxytetraric acid; Malic acid, DL-; Musashi-no-Ringosan; alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid; E296; Monohydroxybernsteinsaeure; Succinic acid, hydroxy-; R,S(+-)-Malic acid; dl-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; 2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; Kyselina jablecna [Czech]; FDA 2018; (+-)-Malic acid; Hydroxy Succinic Acid; FEMA Number 2655; Kyselina hydroxybutandiova [Czech]; Malic acid [NF];DL-Apple Acid; H2mal; Hydroxybutanedioic acid homopolymer; 2-Hydroxysuccinate; R,S-Malic acid; Racemic malic acid; R,S-Malate; ( )-Malic acid; ( C)-Malic acid; (+)-Malic acid;Opera_ID_805; 2-hydroxyl-succinic acid; DL-Malic acid, 99%; MALIC ACID,(DL); 2-Hydroxydicarboxylic acid; SCHEMBL856; Oprea1_130558; Oprea1_624131; KSC353M3D; DL-HYDROXYSUCOINIC ACID; AC1Q778R; Butanedioic acid, (.+-.)-; DL(+/-)-MALICACID; GTPL2480; DL-HYROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID; CHEMBL1455497;Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-; α-Hydroxysuccinic acid; Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; Hydroxysuccinic acid; Pomalus acid; dl-Malic acid; Deoxytetraric acid; Kyselina hydroxybutandiova; Kyselina jablecna; Succinic acid, hydroxy-; Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (.+/-.)-Malic acid; 2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-; FDA 2018; Musashi-no-Ringosan; NSC 25941; R,S(.+/-.)-Malic acid; Apple acid (Salt/Mix); malic acid; DL-malic acid; 6915-15-7; 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid ; 2-Hydroxysuccinic acid; 617-48-1malate; Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-; hydroxysuccinic acid; Deoxytetraric acid; hydroxybutanedioic acid; Pomalus acid; Malic acid, DL- alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid; Hydroxybutandisaeure; dl-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; Caswell No. 537; Monohydroxybernsteinsaeure; Succinic acid, hydroxy-; R,S(+-)-Malic acid; 2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; FDA 2018; (+-)-Malic acid; FEMA No. 2655; EINECS 210-514-9; EINECS 230-022-8; NSC 25941; (-)-Malic acid; (+-); Hydroxysuccinic acid; R,SMalate; DL-Apple Acid; Hydroxybutanedioic acid homopolymer; 2-Hydroxysuccinik asit; L-Malik asit; D-Malik asit; (-)-Malik asit; (+)-Malik asit; (S)-Hydroxybutanedioik asit; (R)-Hydroxybutanedioik asit; 2-Hydroxysuccinate; (+/-)-Malic acid; Opera_ID_805; 2-hydroxyl-succinic acid; malik asit; malic acit; malic acid; malic acide; malik asid; acide malique; acide maleique; l'acide malique; L'acide maleique; malic asit; malic acit; malic acite

Malic Acid Physical and Chemical Properties
Malic Acid IUPAC Name 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
Malic Acid InChI 1S / C4H6O5 / c5-2 (4 (8) 9) 1-3 (6) 7 / h2,5H, 1H2, (H, 6,7) (H, 8,9)
Malic Acid InChI Switch BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Malic Acid Canonical SMILES C (C (C (= O) O) O) C (= O) O
Malic Acid Molecular Formula C4H6O5
Malic Acid CAS 6915-15-7
Malic Acid Related CAS 676-46-0
Malic Acid Discontinued CAS 41308-42-3
Malic Acid European Community (EC) Number 230-022-8, 210-514-9, 202-601-5
Malic Acid NSC Number 25941
Malic Acid JECFA Number 619
Malic Acid FEMA Number 2655
Malic Acid DSSTox Item ID DTXSID0027640
Malic Acid Physical Description Dry Powder; OtherSolid, Liquid
Malic Acid Color / Form Colorless crystals
Malic Acid Odor Characteristic
Malic Acid Taste Smooth tart
Malic Acid Decomposes at Boiling Point> 225 ° C and <235 ° C
Malic Acid Melting Point 131.0 ° C
Malic Acid Resolution 5.79 M
Malic Acid Density 1.601 g / cu cm at 20 ° C
Malic Acid Vapor Pressure 3.28e-08 mmHg
Malic Acid LogP -1.26
Malic Acid Stability / Shelf Life Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Malic Acid Decomposition When heated to decompose, it emits sharp smoke and irritating fumes.
Malic Acid Viscosity 6.5 mPa.s (= cP) 50% aqueous solution at 25 ° C
Malic Acid Heat of Combustion -1.340 MJ / mol at 20 ° C
The pH of Malic Acid 0.001 aqueous solution is 3.80, that of a 0.1% solution is 2.80 and that of a 1.0% solution is 2.34.
Malic Acid Dissociation Constants Ionization constants: K1 = 4X10-4; K2 = 9X10-6
Malic Acid Collision Section 115.9 Ų [M-H] -
Malic Acid Molecular Weight 134.09 g / mol
Malic Acid XLogP3 -1.3
Number of Malic Acid Hydrogen Bond Donors 3
Number of Malic Acid Hydrogen Bond Receptors 5
The Number of Malic Acid Rotatable Bonds 3
Malic Acid Full Mass 134.021523 g / mol
Malic Acid Monoisotopic Mass 134.021523 g / mol
Malic Acid Topological Polar Surface Area 94,8 Ų
Malic Acid Heavy Atom Number 9
Malic Acid Official Charge 0
Malic acid Chemical Formula: C4H6O5
Malic acid Chemical Name: Dicarboxylic Acid
Malic Acid Complexity 129
Malic Acid Isotope Atomic Number 0
Number of Malic Acid Defined Atom Stereocenter 0
Malic Acid Undefined Number of Atom Stereocenter 1
Number of Malic Acid Defined Bond Stereocenter 0
Malic Acid Undefined Number of Bond Stereocenter 0
Number of Malic Acid Covalent Units 1
Malic Acid Compound Canonized Yes
Malic acid Appearance: Clear, Colorless

What is Malic Acid

Malic acid is 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid, which is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group. It regulates food acidity and acts as an essential metabolite. It is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid and a C4-dicarboxylic acid. It is derived from succinic acid. It is the conjugate acid of a malate (2-) and a malate. Malic acid has been used in studies on the treatment of Xerostomia, Depression and Hypertension, so this study aims to investigate its protective effects. Two organic acids, citric acid and L-Malic acid, which are the main components of Fructus Choerospondiatis, are involved in myocardial ischemia / reperfusion injury and underlying mechanisms. In the in vivo rat model of myocardial ischemia / reperfusion injury, we found that treatments with citric acid and L-Malic acid significantly reduced myocardial infarction size, TNF-alpha serum levels, and platelet aggregation. In vitro experiments revealed that both citric acid and DL Malic acid (DL Malic Acid) significantly reduced LDH release, decreased apoptotic rate, decreased split caspase-3 expression and increased expression of phosphorylated Akt in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia. / reoxygenation damage. These results show that both citric acid and DL Malic acid (DL Malic Acid) have protective effects on myocardial ischemia / reperfusion injury; The underlying mechanism may be related to their anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregation, and direct cardiomyocyte protective effects. These results also indicate that organic acids, as well as flavonoids, may be the main active ingredient responsible for the cardioprotective effects of Fructus Choerospondiatis, and that great attention should be paid to the treatment. % one). Study Design: This research was conducted with a randomized double-blind clinical trial. The 45 patients suffering from xerostomia caused by hypertensive drugs were divided into 2 groups: the first group (25 patients) received a topical sialogogue (Malic acid, 1%) in the spray, while the second group (20 patients) received a placebo. Both were applied for 2 weeks upon request. Dry Mouth Questionnaire (DMQ) was used to assess xerostomia levels before and after product / placebo administration. Unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rates were measured before and after administration. All statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS v17.0 program. While different DMQ scores at the earliest and last stage of the study were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Student's T-test was used to analyze salivary flows. Critical p value was determined as p <0.05. Results: DMQ scores increased from 1.21 to 3.36 points (p <0.05) after administration of Malic acid (1%), DMQ scores increased from 1.18 to 1.34 (p> 0.05) after placebo. application. After two weeks of treatment with malic acid, unstimulated saliva flow increased from 0.17 to 0.242 mL / min, while stimulated from 0.66 to 0.92 mL / min (p <0.05). After administration of placebo, unstimulated flow varied from 0.152 to 0.146 mL / min and stimulated flow increased from 0.67 to 0.70 mL / min (p> 0.05). Results: Malic acid 1% spray improved antihypertensive induced xerostomia and stimulated saliva production.14 patients, 11 males and 3 females with various forms of ichthyosiformdermatosis were used to evaluate more than 60 therapeutic potentials. Chemicals including malic acid. Malic acid was dissolved in water or ethanol and included in a hydrophilic pure petroleum jelly ointment. The ointment containing 5% Malic acid (pH not specified) was applied to the appropriate test area twice daily for 2 weeks. Daily to weekly observations were made. Malic acid improved 3+ (disappearance of scales from lesions) or 4+ (return to normal looking skin) in all patients except one patient with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis Malic acid, citric acid cycle. It consists of fumaric acid and is oxidized to oxaloacetic acid. It is metabolized to pyruvic acid by the malic enzyme found in many biological systems, including bacteria and plants. L-Malic and dl-Malic acid are rapidly metabolized in the rat. Orally or strand applied 1 or Malic acid (Malic Acid) was largely eliminated as carbon dioxide (83 to 92%). No difference was found between the two forms in proportions (90 to 95% at 24 hours) or in excretion pathways. Malate occurs in all living organisms as an intermediate product in the citric acid cycle. It is found in relatively high amounts in many fruits and vegetables. Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers) but only the L-isomer is naturally present. Via oral and IP administration of radioactive DL Malic acid (DL Malic Acid) to mice, most radioactivity was excreted as carbon dioxide.Malic acid is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. It consists of fumaric acid and is oxidized to oxaloacetic acid. It is metabolized to pyruvic acid by the malic enzyme found in many biological systems, including bacteria and plants. L-Malic and dl-Malic acid are rapidly metabolized in the rat. Orally or strand applied 1 or Malic acid (Malic Acid) was largely eliminated as carbon dioxide (83 to 92%). No difference was found between the two forms in rates (90 to 95% at 24 hours) or excretion pathways. Both enantiomers of DL Malic acid (DL Malic Acid) are readily metabolized by laboratory animals and humans and there is no cause. To distinguish between Malic acid and DL-Malic acid when considering their safe use in food Via oral and IP administration of Radioactive DL Malic acid (DL Malic Acid) to mice, most radioactivity was excreted as carbon dioxide. Malic Acid) is a colorless to white crystalline solid. It has a sour taste. It is very soluble in water. Malic acid occurs naturally in many plants, including flowers, fruits and vegetables, spices, and wine grapes. It is a component of tobacco. It can be formed in the air as a result of other chemicals reacting with light. Malic acid occurs naturally in animals and humans and is the process of converting sugar into energy in the body. USAGE: Malic acid (Malic Acid) is an important commercial chemical used in canned food to prevent spoilage of fruits and vegetables. It is used in a variety of other foods, dry beverage powders, carbonated beverages and food packaging materials to control acidity. Malic acid is an ingredient found in some household cleaners, hair dyes, nail polishes, human and special pet shampoos. Workers in the food, cleaning and personal care industries may be exposed to DL Malic acid. By skin contact and inhalation in mists or Malic acid salt powders. The general population is exposed to DL Malic acid (DL Malic Acid) from eating foods consumed in a normal diet containing Malic acid. In household and personal care products containing malic acid, people may breathe mist or contact skin. If malic acid is released into the air, it can be broken down by reacting with other chemicals, and some may be in or on the particles that eventually fall to the ground. If released into water or soil, it is not expected to retain deposits. It is expected to move freely in the soil. DL Malic acid (DL Malic Acid) is not expected to pass into the air from wet soils or water surfaces. DL Malic acid (DL Malic Acid) is expected to be broken down by microorganisms and is not expected to accumulate in the tissues of aquatic organisms. Severe skin and eye irritation may occur with malic acid or direct contact with it. salts. Allergic skin reactions have been reported in some people after eating foods containing malic acid.Drinking acidic soft drinks containing malic acid may cause erosion of tooth enamel. Weakness, coordination, convulsions and breathing difficulties occurred in laboratory animals given very high oral doses of Malic acid. Some animals have died. No health problems occurred in laboratory animals, dogs or cattle fed low to medium doses over time. Malic acid did not cause birth defects or reproductive effects in laboratory animals. The cancer-causing potential of DL Malic acid (DL Malic Acid) has not been evaluated in laboratory animals. Malic acid is mainly used as an ingredient in hard candies and other sweets, jams, jams, and various canned foods. Malic acid is an especially desirable acidifier in certain beverage selections, especially those flavored with the artificial sweetener aspartame. Malic acid is considered effective as a feed preservative. (Malic Acid) is commercially prepared in the United States and Canada by maleic anhydride hydration. ... In this process, maleic acid is heated at about 180 ° C (under a pressure of about 1 MPa), Malic acid (Malic Acid) is obtained as the main product. By-products are maleic and fumaric acids. Second, due to its low solubility in water, it can be separated by filtration and returned to the process stream. The filtrate is then concentrated; This results in separation of purified DL Malic acid (DL Malic Acid) by multiple washing, evaporation and recrystallization until the contents of fumaric and maleic acids drop to 7.5 and <500 ppm respectively. Additional purification is required to prepare pharmacological grade material.

Malic acid; It is a kind of fruit acid; It is an organic compound found naturally in many fruits and vegetables. Talking about malic acid and its benefits: Malic acid is a fruit acid found in many unripe fruits and apples are one of the richest sources of malic acid. It is one of the most important components of cell metabolism. The pleasant and refreshing taste you feel when you bite into juicy fruits such as apples and cherries is thanks to malic acid. This acid has a fluid and persistent sour aroma that can be used in many beverages and confectionery, allowing it to be blended with other sweeteners and seasonings. Apart from its use in foods and beverages, malic acid has wide health benefits.Malic Acid Usage Areas
Malic acid was first isolated from apples by the scientist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1785. In 1787, chemist Antoine Lavoisier named this acid "malic acid" because it means apple in Latin. It should not be confused with maleic acid.
Malic acid is a type of fruit acid. It occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables. It is an organic compound. Malic acid has hundreds of benefits. Malic acid is found especially in sour fruits and mostly in apples. Apart from apples, malic acid is also found in vegetables and fruits such as apricots, bananas, cherries, grapes, orange peels, broccoli, pears, plums, carrots, potatoes, green beans.
Malic acid is commercially synthesized by hydrating maleic acid and fumatic acids in the presence of a catalyst. This important acid finds its place in the metabolism of every living thing.
Malic acid is an important step in the Krebs cycle, which is the energy cycle found in the mitochondria of living cells. Thanks to its properties, it is very beneficial for health.
Malic acid is identified by the code E296. 70 percent of malic acid production in the world is used as an additive in yogurt and as a preservative in beverages.
Among the most common uses of malic acid are foods with fruit flavor. The main ones are carbonated and fruit flavored drinks and syrups. Malic acid is also used in apple, grape and other fruit juices to stabilize the color of the juice. Another reason for the use of malic acid in beverages is that it dissolves easily, leaves a long-lasting and lasting taste on the palate, and is compatible with different flavors. The addition of malic acid to the fruit juice concentrate also enhances the natural flavor of the drink. It also creates a synergistic effect with ascorbic acid. Thus, it prevents oxidation by providing a stable complex with copper and iron. Malic acid is also used in bleaching products. Its main reason is that it dissolves easily. It is preferred in these products because of their ability to increase shelf life and give permanent taste.
Malic acid is also added to the content of soft drinks. Malic acid is also used in the production of hard candy, chewing gum, jam, jelly and gelatinous desserts. The primary reasons for preference are the easy interaction of malic acid with other components in the sugar's structure and its ability to increase brightness and clarity. Malic acid is used in canned products because it provides pH control. Another reason for using malic acid in canned products is to delay browning. It is used as an acidifier in canned tomatoes. Malic acid is also used in sourdough production.
Malic acid enhances the sweetening effect of diet products. It also prevents the sweet taste left on the palate. Malic acid is also preferred because it reduces the formation of deposits on beer and dairy products.
Malic acid can be applied safely and smoothly in cleaning metal surfaces. Therefore, malic acid is also used in the content of cleaning products. Malic acid is used extensively in medicine, paint and metal industries.Malic acid; It is a kind of fruit acid; It is an organic compound found naturally in many fruits and vegetables. Talking about malic acid and its benefits: Malic acid is a fruit acid found in many unripe fruits and apples are one of the richest sources of malic acid. It is one of the most important components of cell metabolism. The pleasant and refreshing taste you feel when you bite into juicy fruits such as apples and cherries is thanks to malic acid. This acid has a fluid and persistent sour aroma that can be used in many beverages and confectionery, allowing it to be blended with other sweeteners and seasonings. Apart from its use in foods and beverages, malic acid has wide health benefits.
Malic acid is an acid found naturally in sour fruits. It is an important intermediate step in the Krebs cycle, which is an energy cycle that takes place in the mitochondria of living cells. Malic acid has many health benefits thanks to its unique properties.
Some of these are those:
-Pleasant and persistent sour aroma
-High resolution
Low melting point
-Low hygroscopic properties
- Ability to chelate with metal ions
-To be blended
 
Benefits of Malic Acid
Malic acid plays an important role in cell metabolism and helps the body obtain ATP. Malic acid other than energy production; It provides protection of muscles from fatigue, reduction of toxic effects of some metals, preservation of oral health, strengthening of immune system, proper functioning of nerves, muscles and heart, and skin to look tight and smooth.

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disease that mostly affects middle-aged women. Fibromyalgia is a condition associated with severe pain in muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Muscle fatigue and energy loss may also accompany this condition. Various studies show that local hypoxia in the muscles is mainly responsible for causing this problem. Hypoxia can be defined as the disruption of the normal functioning of the body's oxygen transport mechanism to muscle cells. As a result, the muscle gets tired rather quickly and the muscle tissues become difficult to work. Malic acid reverses muscle fatigue and thus relieves symptoms associated with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome and improves muscle performance.Malic acid helps in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia patients by increasing these energy levels and improving muscle activity.

The excessive accumulation of toxic metals in the body can lead to serious health problems. Excessive accumulation of some metals can cause serious problems such as liver disease and brain disease. Malic acid is a good chelator and has the ability to bind to potentially toxic metals such as aluminum or lead that can accumulate in the body. As a result, metallic toxins are inactivated and their health risks are reduced.
Malic acid helps maintain oral hygiene. Malic acid acts as an antiseptic that helps keep germs in the mouth and reduces the risk of infection. Malic acid reduces the number of harmful bacteria circulating in the mouth and stimulates saliva production. This explains why malic acid is the most popular ingredient in many toothpastes and mouthwashes.

Malic acid helps to reduce the signs of aging by fading wrinkles and fine lines on the skin and makes the skin look young and healthy. It acts like a natural facial scrub. Apply thin apple slices to your skin and see the results for yourself! However malic acid may have some side effects such as skin rash, urticaria or swelling. It is very safe if taken in moderate amounts. Like anything taken in excess, it can cause some side effects and therefore it is very important to seek the advice of a medical professional before using malic acid supplements. Enjoy the benefits of malic acid by following recommended dosage and guidelines.
 Malic acid is a component of the foods we eat daily. Although it is found as a naturally occurring organic compound in a variety of fruits, many choose to take malic acid supplements to treat various acid diseases to boost their overall health. Today, acid is most commonly used as a food additive and preservative. It is a mild and relatively harmless acid when used in appropriate amounts. As a dietary supplement, it is generally considered beneficial for health and is found in large quantities in apple juices. However, when taking any supplement, you should not exceed the amounts recommended for consumption.One of the most common benefits of malic acid is that it helps reduce pain. For this reason, Malic acid is often used by those suffering from fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue system. Therefore, people who took it have reduced muscle aches and pains. Although it takes several days of consistent consumption for the supplement to take full effect, it can begin to relieve your pain as quickly as 48 hours after your first supplement.
The most popular fitness supplements are those that naturally and safely increase your performance in terms of your stamina, endurance, recovery ability and motivation. Malic acid is commonly found in these types of supplements to prevent fatigue and increase your stamina.
Foods Containing Malic Acid

The best known food for its high malic acid content is apple. Other fruits with a high concentration of malic acid are nectarines, cherries, lychees, bananas, mangoes, peaches, tomatoes and buns. Malic acid, however, can be found in almost all fruits.
Malic acid is also used as a flavor enhancer for many beverages and confectionery. It is particularly common in diet sodas and other artificially sweetened beverages. This also applies to artificially sweetened confections such as chewing gum and other gummy candies. Due to its versatile nature, it has become an essential part of almost all food products containing alternative sweeteners, especially when masking unnatural sweeteners.
One of the great things about malic acid as a food supplement and skin care ingredient is that it is an all-natural and organic compound. Instead of relying on man-made products to improve the health of your body and skin, it offers a natural alternative for a variety of purposes. Whether you're treating your chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, or just dry skin, this acid is a safe and readily available solution. Due to its powerful pain relieving and healing properties, it has become a very popular and applicable solution for the treatment of various ailments for many patients. This is only strengthened by its general security.
Malic acid side effects
Although malic acid is generally viewed as a very safe and effective supplement, there may be some side effects. The most common of these, although irritating, is only experienced by a minority of those who use the supplement. The most common side effects are muscle pain, nausea, rash, constipation, swollen skin, chest pain, and itching. While boring, these usually go away after a few days.
While most of the side effects are relatively minor, there are also some more serious side effects that are very rare. These serious side effects are often more severe forms of their little counterparts such as extreme chest tightness. This also includes dangerous events such as an allergic reaction that can lead to difficulty breathing or a completely closed throat. If you experience any of these, seek medical attention immediately.
Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5. It is a dicarboxylic acid made by all living organisms, contributing to the sour taste of fruits and used as a food additive. Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers) but naturally only has the L-isomer. Malic acid salts and esters are known as malates. Malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.

Etymology
The word 'malik' is derived from the Latin word 'malus' which means 'apple'. It is also the name of the genus Malus, which includes all apples and crabapples; and the origin of other taxonomic classifications such as Maloideae, Malinae and Maleae. This derivation is also known as' apple 'oxy' (Μηλικόν οξύ) in modern Greek, as in the traditional German name 'Yunancapfelsäure' meaning 'apple acid' after the original European discovery of modern apples - day Kazakhstan 2350 years ago Alexander the Great 's expedition flees to Asia.

biochemistry
L-Malic acid is the naturally occurring form whereas the mixture of L- and D-malic acid is produced synthetically.
L-Malic acid
D-Malic acid
Malat plays an important role in biochemistry. In the C4 carbon fixation process, malate is a source of CO2 in the Calvin cycle. In the citric acid cycle, (S) -malate is an intermediate formed by the addition of an -OH group to the side of fumarate. It can also be formed from pyruvate through anaplerotic reactions.
Malate is also synthesized by carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate in guard cells of plant leaves. As a double anion, malate often accompanies potassium cations during uptake of soluble substances into guard cells to maintain electrical balance in the cell. The accumulation of these solutes in the guard cell reduces the solute potential, allowing water to enter the cell and increase the patency of the stoma.4321 / 5000
Çeviri sonuçları
In the food
Malic acid was first isolated from apple juice in 1785 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. In 1787, Antoine Lavoisier proposed the Turkish acid malique name, which is the Latin word for apple, the genus mālum-as, Malus. In German, çoğpfelsäure (or Apfelsäure) after the plural or singular of the fruit apple, but salt (s) are called Malat (e). Malic acid is the main acid in many fruits such as apricots, blackberries, blueberries, cherries, grapes, mirabell, peaches, pears, plums, and quince, and is found in lower concentrations in other fruits such as citrus fruits. It contributes to the sourness of unripe apples. Sour apples contain high levels of acid. It is found in grapes and sometimes in most wines in concentrations as high as 5 g / l. It gives the wine a sour taste; The amount decreases with increasing fruit maturity. The taste of malic acid is very clear and pure in rhubarb, a plant of which it is the primary flavor. It is also a component of some artificial vinegar flavors such as "salt and vinegar" flavored potato chips. Fruits produced in organic agriculture in the citrus field contain higher levels of malic acid than fruits produced in traditional agriculture. The malolactic fermentation process converts malic acid into lighter lactic acid. Malic acid occurs naturally in all fruits and many vegetables and is produced in fruit metabolism. When malic acid is added to food products, it is indicated by the E number E296. Malic acid is the source of excess confectionery called excess candy produced by the United States. Used with less sour citric acid in sour desserts or instead. These sweets are sometimes labeled with a warning that excessive consumption can cause mouth irritation. Approved for use as a food additive in the EU, USA and Australia and New Zealand (listed with INS number 296). Malic acid provides 10 kJ (2.39 Calories) of energy per gram during digestion.

Production and main reactions
Racemic malic acid is produced industrially by the double hydration of maleic anhydride. In 2000, the American production capacity was 5000 tons per year. Both enantiomers can be separated by chiral resolution of the racemic mixture and the (S) - enantiomer can be obtained specifically by fermentation of fumaric acid. Self-condensation of malic acid with fuming sulfuric acid yields pirone coumalic acid:
Coumalic Acid Synthesis
Malic acid was important in the discovery of the Walden inversion and Walden cycle, in which (-) - malic acid was first converted to (+) - chlorosuccinic acid by the action of phosphorus pentachloride. The wet silver oxide then converts the chlorine compound into (+) - malic acid; this then reacts with PC1 to (-) - chlorosuccinic acid. The cycle is complete when the silver oxide takes this compound back to (-) - malic acid.
In the beverage industry with its compatibility with different aroma substances, long-term taste on the palate and easy solubility, In addition to these features, it extends the shelf life of swelling products and concentrated beverages, (preservative) pH control and delaying browning time in canned food, It is used in dairy products and beer. It is used in the production of hard candy with its feature of increasing brightness and clarity, in diet products to strengthen the effect of sweeteners and at the same time reduce the effect on the palate.
Malic acid was first isolated from apples by the scientist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1785. In 1787, chemist Antoine Lavoisier named this acid "malic acid" because it means apple in Latin. It should not be confused with maleic acid. Malic acid is a type of fruit acid. It occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables. It is an organic compound. Malic acid has hundreds of benefits. Malic acid is found especially in sour fruits and mostly in apples. Apart from apples, malic acid is also found in vegetables and fruits such as apricots, bananas, cherries, grapes, orange peels, broccoli, pears, plums, carrots, potatoes, green beans. Malic acid is commercially synthesized by hydrating maleic acid and fumatic acids in the presence of a catalyst. This important acid finds its place in the metabolism of every living thing. Malic acid is an important step in the Krebs cycle, which is the energy cycle found in the mitochondria of living cells. Thanks to its properties, it is very beneficial for health.Malic acid is identified by the code E296. 70 percent of malic acid production in the world is used as an additive in yogurt and as a preservative in beverages.
Among the most common uses of malic acid are foods with fruit flavor. The main ones are carbonated and fruit flavored drinks and syrups.
Malic acid is also used in apple, grape and other fruit juices to stabilize the color of the juice. Another reason for the use of malic acid in beverages is that it dissolves easily, leaves a long-lasting and lasting taste on the palate, and is compatible with different flavors. The addition of malic acid to the fruit juice concentrate also enhances the natural flavor of the drink. It also creates a synergistic effect with ascorbic acid. Thus, it prevents oxidation by providing a stable complex with copper and iron.
Malic acid is also used in bleaching products. Its main reason is that it dissolves easily. It is preferred in these products because of their ability to increase shelf life and give permanent taste.
Malic acid is also added to the content of soft drinks.
Malic acid is also used in the production of hard candy, chewing gum, jam, jelly and gelatinous desserts. The primary reasons for preference are the easy interaction of malic acid with other components in the sugar's structure and its ability to increase brightness and clarity.
Malic acid is used in canned products because it provides pH control. Another reason for using malic acid in canned products is to delay browning. It is used as an acidifier in canned tomatoes.
Malic acid is also used in sourdough production.
Malic acid enhances the sweetening effect of diet products. It also prevents the sweet taste left on the palate.
Malic acid is also preferred because it reduces the formation of deposits on beer and dairy products.
Malic acid can be applied safely and smoothly in cleaning metal surfaces. Therefore, malic acid is also used in the content of cleaning products.
Malic acid is used extensively in medicine, paint and metal industries.
It is a pure acid in solid form, has a very slightly sourness and odorless acid. It is used in formulations of flavors and to preserve the present flavor of foods. It is among the versatile and general purpose additives on the FDA list. Commercial artificial malic acid is a mixture of D and L isomers. DL malic acid is used as a flavor regulator in soft drinks, imitation jams, jelly and confectionery. Compared to other acids in solid form, its melting point is low and its solubility in water is high, ensuring the use of malic acid in the production of hard candy. It is used as a color stabilizer in beverages prepared from apple, grape and other fruit juices, since it does not have a negative effect on natural and artificial colors. It is used in pectin extraction and sourdough production. Acidifying in canned tomatoes.
Malic acid is an antioxidant synergist and contributes to prevent rancidity. It is similar to citric acid in terms of many properties.
Malic acid is obtained from apples. However, it is also found in quince, gooseberry and other grape varieties, for example.
An old folk saying says, "A doctor who eats an apple a day does not see a face." The reason for this is that apples contain nutritious malic acid. This healthy, natural ingredient is often taken as a dietary supplement to increase the physical endurance of athletes.
Malic acid is an acid found naturally in sour fruits. It is an important intermediate step in the Krebs cycle, which is an energy cycle that takes place in the mitochondria of living cells. Thanks to its unique properties, it has many health benefits.
Malic acid plays an important role in cell metabolism and helps the body obtain ATP. Malic acid other than energy production; It provides protection of muscles from fatigue, reduction of toxic effects of some metals, preservation of oral health, strengthening of immune system, proper functioning of nerves, muscles and heart, and skin to look tight and smooth.The excessive accumulation of toxic metals in the body can lead to serious health problems. Excessive accumulation of some metals can cause serious problems such as liver disease and brain disease. Malic acid is a good chelator and has the ability to bind to potentially toxic metals such as aluminum or lead that can accumulate in the body. As a result, metallic toxins are inactivated and their health risks are reduced.
Malic acid helps maintain oral hygiene. It acts as an antiseptic that helps keep germs in the mouth and reduces the risk of infection. It reduces the number of harmful bacteria circulating in the mouth and stimulates saliva production. This explains why malic acid is the most popular ingredient in many toothpastes and mouthwashes.
It helps to reduce the signs of aging by fading wrinkles and fine lines on the skin and makes the skin look young and healthy. It acts like a natural facial scrub. Apply thin apple slices to your skin and see the results for yourself! However, malic acid can have some side effects such as skin rash, urticaria or swelling. It is very safe if taken in moderate amounts. Like anything taken in excess, it can cause some side effects and therefore it is very important to seek the advice of a medical professional before using malic acid supplements. Enjoy the benefits of malic acid by following recommended dosage and guidelines.